1
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Wang X, Geng N, de Villa K, Militzer B, Zurek E. Superconductivity in Dilute Hydrides of Ammonia under Pressure. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:5947-5953. [PMID: 38810233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed great progress in predicting and synthesizing polyhydrides that exhibit superconductivity under pressure. Dopants allow these compounds to become metals at pressures lower than those required to metallize elemental hydrogen. Here, we show that by combining the fundamental planetary building blocks of molecular hydrogen and ammonia, conventional superconducting compounds can be formed at high pressure. Through extensive theoretical calculations, we predict metallic metastable structures with NHn (n = 10, 11, 24) stoichiometries that are based on NH4+ superalkali cations and complex hydrogenic lattices. The hydrogen atoms in the molecular cation contribute to the superconducting mechanism, and the estimated superconducting critical temperatures, Tc's, are comparable to the highest values computed for the alkali metal polyhydrides. The largest calculated (isotropic Eliashberg) Tc is ∼180 K for Pnma-NH10 at 300 GPa. Our results suggest that other molecular cations can be mixed with hydrogen under pressure, yielding superconducting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Nisha Geng
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Kyla de Villa
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Burkhard Militzer
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eva Zurek
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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2
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Dolui K, Conway LJ, Heil C, Strobel TA, Prasankumar RP, Pickard CJ. Feasible Route to High-Temperature Ambient-Pressure Hydride Superconductivity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:166001. [PMID: 38701475 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.166001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
A key challenge in materials discovery is to find high-temperature superconductors. Hydrogen and hydride materials have long been considered promising materials displaying conventional phonon-mediated superconductivity. However, the high pressures required to stabilize these materials have restricted their application. Here, we present results from high-throughput computation, considering a wide range of high-symmetry ternary hydrides from across the periodic table at ambient pressure. This large composition space is then reduced by considering thermodynamic, dynamic, and magnetic stability before direct estimations of the superconducting critical temperature. This approach has revealed a metastable ambient-pressure hydride superconductor, Mg_{2}IrH_{6}, with a predicted critical temperature of 160 K, comparable to the highest temperature superconducting cuprates. We propose a synthesis route via a structurally related insulator, Mg_{2}IrH_{7}, which is thermodynamically stable above 15 GPa, and discuss the potential challenges in doing so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapildeb Dolui
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB30FS, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis J Conway
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB30FS, United Kingdom
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Christoph Heil
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Timothy A Strobel
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, 5241 Broad Branch Road, Northwest, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | | | - Chris J Pickard
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB30FS, United Kingdom
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
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3
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Cao CS, Zhao J, Hu HS, Schwarz WHE, Li J. Polyvalent s-block elements: A missing link challenges the periodic law of chemistry for the heavy elements. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2303989120. [PMID: 37856546 PMCID: PMC10614932 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303989120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Periodic Law of Chemistry is one of the great discoveries in cultural history. Elements behaving chemically similar are empirically merged in groups G of a Periodic Table, each element with G valence electrons per neutral atom, and with upper limit G for the oxidation and valence numbers. Here, we report that among the usually mono- or di-valent s-block elements (G = 1 or 2), the heaviest members (87Fr, 88Ra, 119E, and 120E) with atomic numbers Z = 87, 88, 119, 120 form unusual 5- or 6-valent compounds at ambient conditions. Together with well-reported basic changes of valence at the end of the 6d-series, in the whole 7p-series, and for 5g6f-elements, it indicates that at the bottom of common Periodic Tables, the classic Periodic Law is not as straightforward as commonly expected. Specifically, we predict the feasible experimental synthesis of polyvalent [RaL-n] (n = 4, 6) compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Su Cao
- Theoretical Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Theoretical Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Theoretical Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - W. H. Eugen Schwarz
- Theoretical Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Siegen 57068, Germany
| | - Jun Li
- Theoretical Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
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4
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Tao X, Yang A, Yang S, Quan Y, Zhang P. Leading components and pressure-induced color changes in N-doped lutetium hydride. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023:S2095-9273(23)00377-8. [PMID: 37349163 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent experimental study by Dasenbrock-Gammon et al. (Nature 2023;615:244) claims to have discovered room-temperature superconductivity in lutetium-nitrogen-hydrogen system at 1 GPa, which sheds light on the long-held dream of ambient superconductivity. However, all follow-up experiments found no evidence of superconductivity. The compositions and the crystal structures of the lutetium-nitrogen-hydrogen system remain unknown. By employing the density functional theory based structure prediction algorithm, we suggest that in lutetium-nitrogen-hydrogen the major component is LuH2 (Fm3¯m), together with minor LuN (Fm3¯m). The blue LuH2 at ambient pressure will turn into purple and red color at higher pressures, possibly accompanied by the formation of vacancies at hydrogen-sites. In LuH2 and LuN, the density of states at the Fermi level is dominated by the Lu-5d orbitals, while those from hydrogen and nitrogen are very small, leading to the absence of superconductivity in these two compounds. Nitrogen-doping to LuH2 fails to enhance the superconductivity as well. In this work, we identify the leading components in N-doped lutetium hydride, explain its intriguing color changes under pressure, and elucidate why superconductivity is absent in the follow-up experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangru Tao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Aiqin Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | | | - Yundi Quan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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5
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Zhang X, Zhao Y, Yang G. Superconducting ternary hydrides under high pressure. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science Yanshan University Qinhuangdao China
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education Northeast Normal University Changchun China
| | - Yaping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science Yanshan University Qinhuangdao China
| | - Guochun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science Yanshan University Qinhuangdao China
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education Northeast Normal University Changchun China
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6
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Peña-Alvarez M, Binns J, Martinez-Canales M, Monserrat B, Ackland GJ, Dalladay-Simpson P, Howie RT, Pickard CJ, Gregoryanz E. Synthesis of Weaire-Phelan Barium Polyhydride. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4910-4916. [PMID: 34008402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
By combining pressures up to 50 GPa and temperatures of 1200 K, we synthesize the novel barium hydride, Ba8H46, stable down to 27 GPa. We use Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and first-principles calculations to determine that this compound adopts a highly symmetric Pm3¯n structure with an unusual 534:1 hydrogen-to-barium ratio. This singular stoichiometry corresponds to the well-defined type-I clathrate geometry. This clathrate consists of a Weaire-Phelan hydrogen structure with the barium atoms forming a topologically close-packed phase. In particular, the structure is formed by H20 and H24 clathrate cages showing substantially weakened H-H interactions. Density functional theory (DFT) demonstrates that cubic Pm3¯n Ba8H46 requires dynamical effects to stabilize the H20 and H24 clathrate cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Peña-Alvarez
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 8AQ, U.K
| | - Jack Binns
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 100094, P.R. China
| | - Miguel Martinez-Canales
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 8AQ, U.K
| | - Bartomeu Monserrat
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Graeme J Ackland
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 8AQ, U.K
| | - Philip Dalladay-Simpson
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 100094, P.R. China
| | - Ross T Howie
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 100094, P.R. China
| | - Chris J Pickard
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Eugene Gregoryanz
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 8AQ, U.K
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 100094, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, CAS, Hefei 230031, P.R. China
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7
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Bi T, Shamp A, Terpstra T, Hemley RJ, Zurek E. The Li-F-H ternary system at high pressures. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:124709. [PMID: 33810644 DOI: 10.1063/5.0041490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary crystal structure prediction searches have been employed to explore the ternary Li-F-H system at 300 GPa. Metastable phases were uncovered within the static lattice approximation, with LiF3H2, LiF2H, Li3F4H, LiF4H4, Li2F3H, and LiF3H lying within 50 meV/atom of the 0 K convex hull. All of these phases contain HnFn+1 - (n = 1, 2) anions and Li+ cations. Other structural motifs such as LiF slabs, H3 + molecules, and Fδ- ions are present in some of the low enthalpy Li-F-H structures. The bonding within the HnFn+1 - molecules, which may be bent or linear, symmetric or asymmetric, is analyzed. The five phases closest to the hull are insulators, while LiF3H is metallic and predicted to have a vanishingly small superconducting critical temperature. Li3F4H is predicted to be stable at zero pressure. This study lays the foundation for future investigations of the role of temperature and anharmonicity on the stability and properties of compounds and alloys in the Li-F-H ternary system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiange Bi
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
| | - Andrew Shamp
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
| | - Tyson Terpstra
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
| | - Russell J Hemley
- Departments of Physics and Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Eva Zurek
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
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8
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Yan Y, Bi T, Geng N, Wang X, Zurek E. A Metastable CaSH 3 Phase Composed of HS Honeycomb Sheets that is Superconducting Under Pressure. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9629-9636. [PMID: 33125247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionary searches have predicted a number of ternary Ca-S-H phases that could be synthesized at pressures of 100-300 GPa. P63/mmc CaSH2, Pnma CaSH2, Cmc21 CaSH6, and I4̅ CaSH20 were composed of a Ca-S lattice along with H2 molecules coordinated in a "side-on" fashion to Ca. The H-H bond lengths in these semiconducting phases were elongated because of H2 σ → Ca d donation, and Ca d → H2 σ* back-donation, via a Kubas-like mechanism. P6̅m2 CaSH3, consisting of two-dimensional HS and CaH2 sheets, was metastable and metallic above 128 GPa. The presence of van Hove singularities increased its density of states at the Fermi level and concomitantly the superconducting critical temperature, which was estimated to be as high as ∼100 K at 128 GPa. This work will inspire the search for superconductivity in materials based upon honeycomb HX (X = S, Se, Te) and MH2 (M = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) layers under pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
- School of Sciences, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Tiange Bi
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Nisha Geng
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Eva Zurek
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
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9
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Hoffmann R, Malrieu JP. Simulation vs. Understanding: A Tension, in Quantum Chemistry and Beyond. Part C. Toward Consilience. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13694-13710. [PMID: 31675458 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the last part of our Essay, we outline a future of consilience, with a role both for fact-seekers, and for searchers for understanding. We begin by looking at theory and simulation, surrounded as they are by and interacting with experiment, especially in Chemistry. Experimenters ask questions both conceptual and numerical, and so draw the communities together. Two case studies show what brings the theoretician authors joy in this playground, and two more detailed ones make it clear that computation/simulation is anyway deeply intertwined with theory-building in what we do, or for that matter, anywhere in the profession. From a definition of science we try to foresee how simulation and theory will interact in the AI-dominated future. We posit that Chemistry's streak of creation provides in that conjoined future a link to Art, and a passage to a renewed vision of the sacred in science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roald Hoffmann
- Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Jean-Paul Malrieu
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, Université de Toulouse 3, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
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10
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Hoffmann R, Malrieu J. Simulation vs. Understanding: A Tension, in Quantum Chemistry and Beyond. Part C. Toward Consilience. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roald Hoffmann
- Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY 14850 USA
| | - Jean‐Paul Malrieu
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques Université de Toulouse 3 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
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11
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Salke NP, Davari Esfahani MM, Zhang Y, Kruglov IA, Zhou J, Wang Y, Greenberg E, Prakapenka VB, Liu J, Oganov AR, Lin JF. Synthesis of clathrate cerium superhydride CeH 9 at 80-100 GPa with atomic hydrogen sublattice. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4453. [PMID: 31575861 PMCID: PMC6773858 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12326-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen-rich superhydrides are believed to be very promising high-Tc superconductors. Recent experiments discovered superhydrides at very high pressures, e.g. FeH5 at 130 GPa and LaH10 at 170 GPa. With the motivation of discovering new hydrogen-rich high-Tc superconductors at lowest possible pressure, here we report the prediction and experimental synthesis of cerium superhydride CeH9 at 80–100 GPa in the laser-heated diamond anvil cell coupled with synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Ab initio calculations were carried out to evaluate the detailed chemistry of the Ce-H system and to understand the structure, stability and superconductivity of CeH9. CeH9 crystallizes in a P63/mmc clathrate structure with a very dense 3-dimensional atomic hydrogen sublattice at 100 GPa. These findings shed a significant light on the search for superhydrides in close similarity with atomic hydrogen within a feasible pressure range. Discovery of superhydride CeH9 provides a practical platform to further investigate and understand conventional superconductivity in hydrogen rich superhydrides. Hydrogen-rich superhydrides are promising high-temperature superconductors which have been observed only at pressures above 170 GPa. Here the authors show that CeH9 can be synthesized at 80-100 GPa with laser heating, and is characterized by a clathrate structure with a dense 3-dimensional atomic hydrogen sublattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh P Salke
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), 100094, Beijing, China
| | - M Mahdi Davari Esfahani
- Department of Geosciences, Center for Materials by Design, and Institute for Advanced Computational Science, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, NY, 11794-2100, USA
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | - Ivan A Kruglov
- Department of Problems of Physics and Energetics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy Lane, Dolgoprudny City, Moscow Region, 141700, Russia.,Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Moscow, 127055, Russia
| | - Jianshi Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Yaguo Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Eran Greenberg
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, 60637, IL, USA
| | - Vitali B Prakapenka
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, 60637, IL, USA
| | - Jin Liu
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), 100094, Beijing, China
| | - Artem R Oganov
- Department of Problems of Physics and Energetics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy Lane, Dolgoprudny City, Moscow Region, 141700, Russia. .,Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, 3 Nobel Street, Moscow, 143026, Russia. .,International Center for Materials Design, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072, Xi'an, China.
| | - Jung-Fu Lin
- Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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12
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Rahm M, Cammi R, Ashcroft NW, Hoffmann R. Squeezing All Elements in the Periodic Table: Electron Configuration and Electronegativity of the Atoms under Compression. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10253-10271. [PMID: 31144505 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present a quantum mechanical model capable of describing isotropic compression of single atoms in a non-reactive neon-like environment. Studies of 93 atoms predict drastic changes to ground-state electronic configurations and electronegativity in the pressure range of 0-300 GPa. This extension of atomic reference data assists in the working of chemical intuition at extreme pressure and can act as a guide to both experiments and computational efforts. For example, we can speculate on the existence of pressure-induced polarity (red-ox) inversions in various alloys. Our study confirms that the filling of energy levels in compressed atoms more closely follows the hydrogenic aufbau principle, where the ordering is determined by the principal quantum number. In contrast, the Madelung energy ordering rule is not predictive for atoms under compression. Magnetism may increase or decrease with pressure, depending on which atom is considered. However, Hund's rule is never violated for single atoms in the considered pressure range. Important (and understandable) electron shifts, s→p, s→d, s→f, and d→f are essential chemical and physical consequences of compression. Among the specific intriguing changes predicted are an increase in the range between the most and least electronegative elements with compression; a rearrangement of electronegativities of the alkali metals with pressure, with Na becoming the most electropositive s1 element (while Li becomes a p group element and K and heavier become transition metals); phase transitions in Ca, Sr, and Ba correlating well with s→d transitions; spin-reduction in all d-block atoms for which the valence d-shell occupation is d n (4 ≤ n ≤ 8); d→f transitions in Ce, Dy, and Cm causing Ce to become the most electropositive element of the f-block; f→d transitions in Ho, Dy, and Tb and a s→f transition in Pu. At high pressure Sc and Ti become the most electropositive elements, while Ne, He, and F remain the most electronegative ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rahm
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Roberto Cammi
- Department of Chemical Science, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability , University of Parma , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - N W Ashcroft
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Roald Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
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13
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Lv H, Chen M, Feng Y, Li W, Zhong G, Yang C. Superconductivity of light‐metal hydrides. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201800453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai‐Yan Lv
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen P. R. China
- Nano Science and Technology InstituteUniversity of Science and Technology of China Suzhou P. R. China
| | - Ming Chen
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Ye Feng
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Wen‐Jie Li
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Guo‐Hua Zhong
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Chun‐Lei Yang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen P. R. China
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14
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Zurek E, Bi T. High-temperature superconductivity in alkaline and rare earth polyhydrides at high pressure: A theoretical perspective. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:050901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5079225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Zurek
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
| | - Tiange Bi
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
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15
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Shao Z, Huang Y, Duan D, Ma Y, Yu H, Xie H, Li D, Tian F, Liu B, Cui T. Stable structures and superconductivity of an At-H system at high pressure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:24783-24789. [PMID: 30229761 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04317e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The phase diagram, electronic properties and superconductivity of an At-H system at high pressure are investigated through first principles calculation considering the effect of spin-orbit coupling (SOC). The Cmcm-AtH2, Pnma-AtH2, P6/mmm-AtH4, and Cmmm-AtH4 phases are uncovered above 50 GPa. Metallization is realized at 50 GPa for AtH2 and 60 GPa for AtH4, with Tc values of approximately 5-10 K and 30-50 K, respectively. In P6/mmm-AtH4, phonon softening induced by Fermi surface nesting occurs as the pressure increases, which is closely related to the structural phase transition of P6/mmm → Cmmm and plays a crucial role in the superconductivity of the P6/mmm phase. In addition, the spin-orbit coupling effect considerably influences the energy of ground states, pressure points of phase transitions, electronic structures, and even the electron-phonon coupling of the At-H system. Such an influence may also occur in other heavy atomic hydrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziji Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
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Shuttleworth IG. Binding Site Transitions Across Strained Oxygenated and Hydroxylated Pt(111). Chemistry 2018; 7:356-369. [PMID: 29872611 PMCID: PMC5974552 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The effects of strain σ on the binding position preference of oxygen atoms and hydroxyl groups adsorbed on Pt(111) have been investigated using density functional theory. A transition between the bridge and FCC binding occurs under compressive strain of the O/Pt(111) surface. A significant reconstruction occurs under compressive strain of the OH/Pt(111) surface, and the surface OH groups preferentially occupy on‐top (bridge) positions at highly compressive (less compressive/tensile) strains. Changes to magnetisation of the O‐ and OH‐populated surfaces are discussed and for O/Pt(111) oxygenation reduces the surface magnetism via a delocalised mechanism. The origins of the surface magnetisation for both O‐ and OH‐bearing systems are discussed in terms of the state‐resolved electronic populations and of the surface charge density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian G Shuttleworth
- School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University Nottingham NG11 8NS UK
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Wang H, Li X, Gao G, Li Y, Ma Y. Hydrogen‐rich superconductors at high pressures. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of PhysicsJilin University Changchun China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of PhysicsJilin University Changchun China
| | - Guoying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and TechnologyYanshan University Qinhuangdao China
| | - Yinwei Li
- School of Physics and Electronic EngineeringJiangsu Normal University Xuzhou China
| | - Yanming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of PhysicsJilin University Changchun China
- International Center of Future ScienceJilin University Changchun China
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Pépin CM, Geneste G, Dewaele A, Mezouar M, Loubeyre P. Synthesis of FeH5: A layered structure with atomic hydrogen slabs. Science 2017; 357:382-385. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aan0961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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