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Costa É, Gongora M, Bittencourt J, Marinho V, Cagy M, Teixeira S, Nicoliche E, Fernandes I, Machado C, Wienecke J, Ribeiro P, Gupta DS, Velasques B, Budde H. Decrease in reaction time for volleyball athletes during saccadic eye movement task: A preliminary study with evoked potentials. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0290142. [PMID: 38959207 PMCID: PMC11221644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM This preliminary study investigated the differences in event-related potential and reaction time under two groups (athletes vs. non-athletes). MATERIAL AND METHODS The P300 was analyzed for Fz, Cz, and Pz electrodes in thirty-one healthy volunteers divided into two groups (volleyball athletes and non-athletes). In addition, the participants performed a saccadic eye movement task to measure reaction time. RESULTS The EEG analysis showed that the athletes, in comparison to the no-athletes, have differences in the P300 in the frontal area (p = 0.021). In relation to reaction time, the results show lower reaction time for athletes (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The volleyball athletes may present a greater allocation of attention during the execution of the inhibition task, since they have a lower reaction time for responses when compared to non-athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élida Costa
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Neuropsychology of Attention, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Gongora
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Victor Marinho
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Cagy
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silmar Teixeira
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Nicoliche
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Neuropsychology of Attention, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Fernandes
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Neuropsychology of Attention, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caroline Machado
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Neuropsychology of Attention, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jacob Wienecke
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pedro Ribeiro
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daya S. Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, South University, Savannah, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Bruna Velasques
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Neuropsychology of Attention, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Henning Budde
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Institute for Systems Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Wang C, Yan A, Deng W, Qi C. Effect of Tennis Expertise on Motion-in-Depth Perception at Different Speeds: An Event-Related Potential Study. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1160. [PMID: 36138895 PMCID: PMC9496960 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tennis experts need to extract effective visual information from a sphere in high-speed motion, in which motion-in-depth perception plays an important role. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the impact of sphere speed and tennis expertise on motion-in-depth perception by using the expert-novice task paradigm along with event-related potential (ERP) technology. The study also explored differences in behavior and electroencephalogram (EEG) characteristics between tennis experts and novices. Results show that faster sphere movement led to shorter response times and a lower accuracy rate. The P1 component in the occipital-temporal region showed that the expert group activated earlier and were stronger when the sphere was far away. The latent period of P2 in the occipital region was significantly shorter in the expert group in comparison to the novice group. Faster speed led to the induction of increased P300 volatility and a significant increase in latency. The findings of the current study show that the speed of the sphere movement affects the invocation and allocation of cognitive resources in the process of motion-in-depth perception, irrespective of whether the athletes were experts or novices. There is a special effect in the process of motion-in-depth perception for experts, mainly because attention resources are invested earlier in experts rather than novices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Changzhu Qi
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
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Kyeong Kim R, Park C, Jeon K, Park K, Kang N. Different unilateral force control strategies between athletes and non-athletes. J Biomech 2021; 129:110830. [PMID: 34736089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated continuous visuomotor tracking capabilities between athletes and non-athlete controls using isometric force control paradigm. Nine female athletes and nine female age-matched controls performed unilateral hand-grip force control tasks with their dominant and non-dominant hands at 10% and 40% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), respectively. Three conventional outcome measures on force control capabilities included mean force, force accuracy, and force variability, and we additionally calculated two nonlinear dynamics variables including force regularity using sample entropy and force stability using maximal Lyapunov exponent. Finally, we performed correlation analyses to determine the relationship between nonlinear dynamics variables and conventional measures for each group. The findings indicated that force control capabilities as indicated by three conventional measures were not significantly different between athlete and non-athlete control groups. However, the athletes revealed less force regularity and greater force stability across hand conditions and targeted force levels than those in non-athlete controls. The correlation analyses found that increased force regularity (i.e., less sample entropy values) at 10% of MVC and decreased force regularity (i.e., greater sample entropy values) at 40% of MVC were significantly related to improved force accuracy and variability for the athlete group, and these patterns were not observed in the non-athlete control group. These findings suggested that the athletes may use different adaptive force control strategies as indicated by nonlinear dynamics tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rye Kyeong Kim
- Division of Sport Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea; Neuromechanical Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Chaneun Park
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea; Human Dynamics Laboratory, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Kyoungkyu Jeon
- Division of Sport Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea; Health Promotion Center & Sport Science Institute, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Kiwon Park
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea; Human Dynamics Laboratory, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea.
| | - Nyeonju Kang
- Division of Sport Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea; Neuromechanical Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea; Health Promotion Center & Sport Science Institute, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea.
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Lee SSY, McVeigh J, Straker L, Howie EK, Yazar S, Haynes A, Green DJ, Hewitt AW, Mackey DA. Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Fitness During Childhood and Adolescence: Association With Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer Thickness in Young Adulthood. J Glaucoma 2021; 30:813-819. [PMID: 34008524 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000001865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PRECIS Higher physical working capacity (PWC) at age 17 was associated with thicker peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) at age 20, suggesting a mechanistic link between cardiovascular fitness and neuroretinal integrity. PURPOSE Physical activity and cardiovascular fitness have been linked with lower odds of developing glaucoma. We tested the hypothesis that early beneficial effects of physical activity and cardiovascular fitness can be observed by measuring the pRNFL thickness in young healthy adults. METHODS The Raine Study is a longitudinal study that has followed a cohort since before their births in 1989-1992. Parent-reported physical activity was collected between 8 and 17 years, and latent class analysis was used to identify the participants' physical activity trajectories. At the 20-year follow-up (participants' mean age=20.1±0.4 y), participants' metabolic equivalent of task-minutes/week was determined using self-reported physical activity data. Participants' PWC was assessed at the 14- and 17-year follow-ups to estimate their level of cardiovascular fitness. An eye examination, which included spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging, was conducted at the 20-year follow-up for 1344 participants. RESULTS Parent-reported or participant-reported physical activity was not associated with pRNFL thickness. However, higher PWC at 17 years was associated with thicker pRNFL globally [by 0.3 µm; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.2-0.6; P<0.001], superotemporally (by 0.4 µm; 95% CI=0.1-0.7; P=0.013), inferonasally (by 0.7 µm; 95% CI=0.1-0.9; P=0.002), and nasally (by 0.4 µm; 95% CI=0.1-0.7; P=0.006) per 10 Watt increase in PWC. CONCLUSIONS The association between estimated cardiovascular fitness and pRNFL thickness suggests there may be overlapping mechanisms for cardiovascular health and retinal ganglion cell integrity. While the effect sizes were small, it is possible that larger effects and clinically significant associations may arise as we follow this cohort of participants through their later adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leon Straker
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA
| | - Erin K Howie
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
| | - Seyhan Yazar
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating Lions Eye Institute)
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW
| | - Andrew Haynes
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia
| | - Daniel J Green
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- School of Medicine, Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - David A Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating Lions Eye Institute)
- School of Medicine, Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Li HY, Rong SS, Hong X, Guo R, Yang FZ, Liang YY, Li A, So KF. Exercise and retinal health. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2019; 37:571-581. [DOI: 10.3233/rnn-190945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ying Li
- Central Laboratory, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Sheng Rong
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Hong
- Central Laboratory, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng-Zhen Yang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Yao Liang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ang Li
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Intensity-Dependent Effects of Acute Exercise on Executive Function. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:8608317. [PMID: 31281346 PMCID: PMC6589258 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8608317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies suggest beneficial effects of aerobic exercise at moderate intensity on cognition, while the effects of high-intensity exercise are less clear. This study investigated the acute effects of exercise at moderate and high intensities on executive functions in healthy adults, including functional MRI to examine the underlying neural mechanisms. Furthermore, the association between exercise effects and cardiorespiratory fitness was examined. 64 participants performed in two executive function tasks (flanker and Go/No-go tasks), while functional MR images were collected, following two conditions: in the exercise condition, they cycled on an ergometer at either moderate or high intensity (each n = 32); in the control condition, they watched a movie. Differences in behavioral performance and brain activation between the two conditions were compared between groups. Further, correlations between cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise effects on neural and behavioral correlates of executive performance were calculated. Moderate exercise compared to high-intensity exercise was associated with a tendency towards improved behavioral performance (sensitivity index d') in the Go/No-go task and increased brain activation during hit trials in areas related to executive function, attention, and motor processes (insula, superior frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, and supplementary motor area). Exercise at high intensity was associated with decreased brain activation in those areas and no changes in behavioral performance. Exercise had no effect on brain activation in the flanker task, but an explorative analysis revealed that reaction times improved after high-intensity exercise. Higher cardiorespiratory fitness was correlated with increased brain activation after moderate exercise and decreased brain activation after high-intensity exercise. These data show that exercise at moderate vs. high intensity has different effects on executive task performance and related brain activation changes as measured by fMRI and that cardiorespiratory fitness might be a moderating factor of acute exercise effects. Thus, our results may contribute to further clarify the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise on cognition.
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Vera J, Jiménez R, Redondo B, García-Ramos A, Cárdenas D. Effect of a maximal treadmill test on intraocular pressure and ocular perfusion pressure: The mediating role of fitness level. Eur J Ophthalmol 2019; 30:506-512. [DOI: 10.1177/1120672119832840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: We compared the impact of a maximal treadmill test on intraocular pressure and ocular perfusion pressure between trained and untrained individuals. Methods: Based on the maximal aerobic capacity (relative VO2 max), 31 military helicopter pilots were divided into groups of trained (n = 16; VO2 max = 57.06 ± 1.66) and untrained (n = 15; VO2 max = 43.42 ± 1.19) individuals. Intraocular pressure and blood pressure were collected before effort, just after volitional exhaustion and after 5 and 15 min of recovery. Results: The maximal treadmill test induced significant changes on intraocular pressure (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.52) and ocular perfusion pressure (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.60). Intraocular pressure and ocular perfusion pressure increased just after volitional exhaustion (effect size = 0.88 and 1.59, respectively), and these values returned to baseline levels after 5 (effect size = 0.87 and 1.26, respectively) and 15 (effect size = 1.23 and 1.91, respectively) min of recovery. The untrained group exhibited higher intraocular pressure and ocular perfusion pressure values in comparison with the trained group just after volitional exhaustion (effect size = 1.43 and 0.11 for intraocular pressure and effect size = 2.81 and 0.96 for ocular perfusion pressure). Five minutes of recovery was insufficient to reach baseline intraocular pressure and ocular perfusion pressure values only for the untrained group (effect size = 0.91 and 0.72, respectively). Conclusion: Our findings reveal that fitness level modulates the intraocular pressure and ocular perfusion pressure responses to a maximal treadmill test, being high fitness levels desirable in order to attenuate the impact of maximal efforts on these indices. These outcomes may be of clinical relevance for the management of glaucoma patients or those at risk, although future studies are needed to test these results in a clinical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Vera
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Mixed University Sport and Health Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Raimundo Jiménez
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Beatríz Redondo
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Amador García-Ramos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Facultad de Educación, CIEDE, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - David Cárdenas
- Mixed University Sport and Health Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Mehren A, Özyurt J, Lam AP, Brandes M, Müller HHO, Thiel CM, Philipsen A. Acute Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Executive Function and Attention in Adult Patients With ADHD. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:132. [PMID: 30971959 PMCID: PMC6443849 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise can improve cognitive functions in healthy individuals and in various clinical groups, which might be particularly relevant for patients with ADHD. This study investigated the effects of a single bout of aerobic exercise on attention and executive functions in adult patients with ADHD, including functional MRI to examine the underlying neural mechanisms. On two different days, 23 adult patients with ADHD and 23 matched healthy controls performed in a flanker task, while functional MR images were collected, following 30 min of continuous stationary cycling with moderate intensity as well as after a control condition (watching a movie). Behavioral performance and brain activation were tested for differences between groups and conditions and for interactions to investigate whether exercise improves executive function to a greater extent in patients compared to healthy controls. Exercise significantly improved reaction times in congruent and incongruent trials of the flanker task in patients with ADHD but not in healthy controls. We found no changes in brain activation between the two conditions for either group. However, a subgroup analysis of ADHD patients with a higher degree of cardiorespiratory fitness revealed decreased activation in premotor areas during congruent trials and in premotor and medial frontal cortex during incongruent trials in the exercise compared to the control condition. Our results indicate exercise-induced improvements in attention and processing speed in patients with ADHD, demonstrating that adult patients with ADHD may benefit from an acute bout of exercise. These findings could be of high relevance for developing alternative treatment approaches for ADHD. In addition, results of the current study contribute to elucidate the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise on cognition and to better understand the role of cardiorespiratory fitness on these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Mehren
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Karl-Jaspers-Klinik, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Biological Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, European Medical School, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jale Özyurt
- Biological Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, European Medical School, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra P Lam
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mirko Brandes
- Unit Applied Health Intervention Research, Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS GmbH, Bremen, Germany
| | - Helge H O Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christiane M Thiel
- Biological Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, European Medical School, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Research Center Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all," University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Vera J, Luque-Casado A, Redondo B, Cárdenas D, Jiménez R, García-Ramos A. Ocular Accommodative Response is Modulated as a Function of Physical Exercise Intensity. Curr Eye Res 2018; 44:442-450. [DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2018.1557210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Vera
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Luque-Casado
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Center for Sport Studies, King Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatríz Redondo
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - David Cárdenas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Raimundo Jiménez
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Amador García-Ramos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, CIEDE, Catholic University of Most Holy Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Lesiakowski P, Lubiński W, Zwierko T. Evoked potentials in diagnosis of visual dysfunction in amateur boxers. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2018; 46:449-459. [PMID: 29973091 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2018.1496763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Injuries with varying degrees of temporary or permanent visual dysfunction are common in boxing. This study presents clinical diagnostic information regarding the functional integrity of the visual system in elite amateur boxers. The objective of this study was to assess the presence of normal or abnormal pattern visual evoked potentials (VEP). VEP in boxers were analyzed in relation to the nonathletic group and years of boxing activity. METHODS Clinical examination involved 31 boxers (21 male and 10 female) and 31 controls homogeneous in terms of age and gender. Pattern-reversal VEP elicited by checkerboard stimuli with large (LC) and small checks (SC) under monocular condition were applied. The latency and amplitude of N75, P100 and N135 components of the VEP waveform were analyzed. Absolute values and interocular differences of P100 latency and N75-P100 amplitude were used in determining VEP abnormalities. RESULTS Individual analysis showed prolonged P100 latency in both eyes in one male boxer. Interocular P100 latency differences beyond 8 ms were observed in three male boxers. The N75-P100 amplitude of four boxers exceeded the normal range in both eyes for the LC stimulation and one boxer for the SC stimulation. Interocular N75-P100 amplitude differences beyond the normal range in two cases for both the LC and the SC stimulation were confirmed. There was a positive correlation between years of boxing activity and N75 latency in SC (R = 0.480, p < 0.05) and N75-P100 amplitude in LC (R = -0.370, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Long-term boxing training may cause impairments in neural conductivity in the visual pathway. VEP seem to be a valuable tool in the neurophysiological diagnosis of visual function in contact sports. They can be recommended as a systematical examination for boxers during training processes for the indication and reduction in the incidence of vision-threatening injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Lesiakowski
- a Department of Physical Education and Sport , Pomeranian Medical University , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Wojciech Lubiński
- b Department of Ophthalmology , Pomeranian Medical University , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Teresa Zwierko
- c Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, Laboratory of Kinesiology in Functional and Structural Human Research Center , University of Szczecin , Szczecin , Poland
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Effect of a Short-term Cycle Ergometer Sprint Training Against Heavy and Light Resistances on Intraocular Pressure Responses. J Glaucoma 2018; 27:315-321. [DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000000893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Vera J, Jiménez R, García JA, Perales JC, Cárdenas D. Baseline Intraocular Pressure Is Associated With Subjective Sensitivity to Physical Exertion in Young Males. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2018; 89:25-37. [PMID: 29261429 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2017.1407491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purposes of this study were to (a) investigate the effect of physical effort (cycling for 60 min at 60 ± 5% of individually computed reserve heart-rate capacity), combined with 2 different levels of cognitive demand (2-back, oddball), on intraocular pressure (IOP) and subjective judgments of perceived exertion (ratings of perceived exertion [RPE]), affect (Affective Valence subscale of the Self-Assessment Manikin [SAM]), and mental workload (National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index [NASA-TLX]); and (b) ascertain whether baseline IOP, measured before exercise, is associated with individual differences in subjective assessments of effort and affective response during exercise. METHOD Seventeen participants (Mage = 23.28 ± 2.37 years) performed 2 physical/cognitive dual tasks, matched in physical demand but with different mental requirements (2-back, oddball). We assessed IOP before exercise, after 2 min of active recovery, and after 15 min of passive recovery, and we also collected RPE and SAM measures during the sessions (28 measurement points). We used NASA-TLX and cognitive performance as checks of the mental manipulation. RESULTS (a) Intraocular pressure increased after concomitant physical/mental effort, with the effect reaching statistical significance after the 2-back task (p = .002, d = 0.35) but not after the oddball condition (p = .092, d = 0.29). (b) Baseline IOP was associated with subjective sensitivity to effort and showed statistical significance for the oddball condition (p = .03, ƞp2 = .622) but not for the 2-back task (F < 1). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest a relationship between IOP and physical/cognitive effort, which could have implications for the management of glaucoma. Additionally, a rapid measure of IOP could be used as a marker of individual effort sensitivity in applied settings.
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Intraocular Pressure Responses to Maximal Cycling Sprints Against Different Resistances: The Influence of Fitness Level. J Glaucoma 2017; 26:881-887. [DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000000749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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A maximal incremental effort alters tear osmolarity depending on the fitness level in military helicopter pilots. Ocul Surf 2017; 15:795-801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Sanchez-Lopez J, Silva-Pereyra J, Fernandez T. Sustained attention in skilled and novice martial arts athletes: a study of event-related potentials and current sources. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1614. [PMID: 26855865 PMCID: PMC4741076 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Research on sports has revealed that behavioral responses and event-related brain potentials (ERP) are better in expert than in novice athletes for sport-related tasks. Focused attention is essential for optimal athletic performance across different sports but mainly in combat disciplines. During combat, long periods of focused attention (i.e., sustained attention) are required for a good performance. Few investigations have reported effects of expertise on brain electrical activity and its neural generators during sport-unrelated attention tasks. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of expertise (i.e., skilled and novice martial arts athletes) analyzing the ERP during a sustained attention task (Continuous Performance Task; CPT) and the cortical three-dimensional distribution of current density, using the sLORETA technique. Methods. CPT consisted in an oddball-type paradigm presentation of five stimuli (different pointing arrows) where only one of them (an arrow pointing up right) required a motor response (i.e., target). CPT was administered to skilled and novice martial arts athletes while EEG were recorded. Amplitude ERP data from target and non-target stimuli were compared between groups. Subsequently, current source analysis for each ERP component was performed on each subject. sLORETA images were compared by condition and group using Statistical Non-Parametric Mapping analysis. Results. Skilled athletes showed significant amplitude differences between target and non-target conditions in early ERP components (P100 and P200) as opposed to the novice group; however, skilled athletes showed no significant effect of condition in N200 but novices did show a significant effect. Current source analysis showed greater differences in activations in skilled compared with novice athletes between conditions in the frontal (mainly in the Superior Frontal Gyrus and Medial Frontal Gyrus) and limbic (mainly in the Anterior Cingulate Gyrus) lobes. Discussion. These results are supported by previous findings regarding activation of neural structures that underlie sustained attention. Our findings may indicate a better-controlled attention in skilled athletes, which suggests that expertise can improve effectiveness in allocation of attentional resources during the first stages of cognitive processing during combat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sanchez-Lopez
- Departamento de Neurobiologia Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico , Juriquilla, Queretaro , Mexico
| | - Juan Silva-Pereyra
- Unidad de Investigacion Interdisciplinaria en Ciencias de la Salud y la Educacion, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico , Tlalnepantla, Estado de Mexico , Mexico
| | - Thalia Fernandez
- Departamento de Neurobiologia Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico , Juriquilla, Queretaro , Mexico
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Coco M, Alagona G, De Maria G, Rapisarda G, Costanzo E, Perciavalle V, Perciavalle V. Relationship of high blood lactate levels with latency of visual-evoked potentials. Neurol Sci 2014; 36:541-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-014-2015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Zwierko T, Lubiński W, Lesiakowski P, Steciuk H, Piasecki L, Krzepota J. Does athletic training in volleyball modulate the components of visual evoked potentials? A preliminary investigation. J Sports Sci 2014; 32:1519-28. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2014.903334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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