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Bakatchina S, Weissland T, Astier M, Pradon D, Faupin A. Performance, asymmetry and biomechanical parameters in wheelchair rugby players. Sports Biomech 2024; 23:884-897. [PMID: 33792504 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1898670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The practice of the wheelchair rugby is becoming more and more worldwide. However, few biomechanical studies have focused on this sport. The aim of this study was to compare kinematic parameters of wheelchair rugby players, classified as defensive players (LP-D) versus offensive players (HP-O). Twenty-nine wheelchair rugby players (17 LP-D and 12 HP-O) performed a 20-m sprint test. The peak velocities, temporal parameters (propulsion phase time, deceleration phase time, cycle time and cycle frequencies) and asymmetries (the difference in peak velocities between the right and the left wheels) were measured at the acceleration and constant peak velocity phases of the sprint by an inertial measurement unit which was placed on each rear wheel. At the acceleration and constant peak velocity phases, peak velocities and cycle frequencies were higher in HP-O players than LP-D players. The deceleration phase times and the cycle times were higher in LP-D players than HP-O players. However, no significant difference in asymmetry was found between LP-D players and HP-O players. The HP-O players showed superior performance than the LP-D players, but they could be more exposed at risk of injury at their upper limbs than LP-D players.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thierry Weissland
- University of Bordeaux, IMS Laboratory, UMR 5218, PMH_DySCo, Pessac, France
| | | | - Didier Pradon
- Pôle Parasport CHU Raymond Poincaré APHP, UMR 1179, Endicap, ISPC Synergies, Hauts-de-Seine 92, Garches, France
| | - Arnaud Faupin
- University of Toulon, IAPS, EA 6312, La Garde, France
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2
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Vigié O, Faupin A, Ngo MA, Fauvet C, Pradon D. Impact of floor covering on wheelchair rugby players: analysis of rolling performance. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 5:1283035. [PMID: 38239893 PMCID: PMC10794522 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1283035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite the increased interest in indoor wheelchair sports in many countries, research on the effect of floor coverings on sports performance is limited. Currently, there are no specific guidelines for covering characteristics for wheelchair sports, whether for competitive or recreational purposes. This study aimed to determine the impact of floor coverings on the biomechanical parameters of manual wheelchair propulsion for wheelchair rugby practice. Methods Ten wheelchair rugby players performed 6 maximum-velocity sprints over 20 meters, with a 20-second recovery time between sprints, on 3 different coverings, using their personal sports wheelchairs. The coverings were: wood parquet, Gerflor TX System Endurance®, and a plastic synthetic covering (balatum). Performance and propulsion technique variables were collected using inertial measurement units (265 Hz, Kinvent, France). Additionally, rolling resistance quantification tests were conducted on each covering. Results Rolling resistance was lowest on the wood parquet, with an average value of 3.98 ± 0.97 N. Best sprint performance was achieved on the wood parquet. The fatigue index on the parquet was significantly lower than on the balatum (p < 0.05). Discussion Our results highlight that floor surface influences both performance and propulsion technique variables. Therefore, we recommend performing wheelchair rugby training on wood parquet to optimize performance. It is also important to consider the impact of different coverings on sprint performance when organizing player rotations to maintain a high level of competition during tournaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Vigié
- Laboratory J-AP2S, UR201723207F, Toulon University, Toulon, Var, France
- Gredeg—Campus Azur du CNRS250 F06905 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, Nice, Alpes Maritime, France
| | - A. Faupin
- Laboratory J-AP2S, UR201723207F, Toulon University, Toulon, Var, France
| | - M-A. Ngo
- Gredeg—Campus Azur du CNRS250 F06905 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, Nice, Alpes Maritime, France
| | - C. Fauvet
- Laboratory J-AP2S, UR201723207F, Toulon University, Toulon, Var, France
| | - D. Pradon
- Pole Parasport—ISPC Synergies, CHU Raymond Poincaré, APHP, Garches, Iles de France, France
- EndiCap UMR 1179 INSERM–Paris-Saclay University, Ile de France, France
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van Dijk MP, Hoozemans MJM, Berger MAM, Veeger DHEJ. Trunk motion influences mechanical power estimates during wheelchair propulsion. J Biomech 2024; 163:111927. [PMID: 38211392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.111927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
In wheelchair sports, there is an increasing need to monitor mechanical power in the field. When rolling resistance is known, inertial measurement units (IMUs) can be used to determine mechanical power. However, upper body (i.e., trunk) motion affects the mass distribution between the small front and large rear wheels, thus affecting rolling resistance. Therefore, drag tests - which are commonly used to estimate rolling resistance - may not be valid. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of trunk motion on mechanical power estimates in hand-rim wheelchair propulsion by comparing instantaneous resistance-based power loss with drag test-based power loss. Experiments were performed with no, moderate and full trunk motion during wheelchair propulsion. During these experiments, power loss was determined based on 1) the instantaneous rolling resistance and 2) based on the rolling resistance determined from drag tests (thus neglecting the effects of trunk motion). Results showed that power loss values of the two methods were similar when no trunk motion was present (mean difference [MD] of 0.6 ± 1.6 %). However, drag test-based power loss was underestimated up to -3.3 ± 2.3 % MD when the extent of trunk motion increased (r = 0.85). To conclude, during wheelchair propulsion with active trunk motion, neglecting the effects of trunk motion leads to an underestimated mechanical power of 1 to 6 % when it is estimated with drag test values. Depending on the required accuracy and the amount of trunk motion in the target group, the influence of trunk motion on power estimates should be corrected for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit P van Dijk
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Marco J M Hoozemans
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement, Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique A M Berger
- Centre of Expertise Health Innovation, The Hague University of Applied Sciences, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - DirkJan H E J Veeger
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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Snyder L, Goods PS, Peeling P, Binnie M, Peiffer JJ, Balloch A, Scott BR. Physical Characteristics and Competition Demands of Elite Wheelchair Basketball. Strength Cond J 2023. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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Rietveld T, Vegter RJK, van der Woude LHV, de Groot S. A newly developed hand rim for wheelchair tennis improves propulsion technique and efficiency in able-bodied novices. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2022; 104:103830. [PMID: 35751939 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A new wheelchair tennis hand rim was developed, having a larger contact area and higher friction. How does this new hand rim compare to a regular hand rim regarding submaximal propulsion with a tennis racket during practice in novices? Twenty-four able-bodied novices (12 Regular Rim, 12 New Rim) completed a one-day experiment: pre-test, three practice-sessions and a post-test of 3 × 4 min each on a wheelchair ergometer (1.11 m/s, 7W). The New Rim group compared to the Regular Rim group, had a lower negative work per cycle (-0.83J vs. -2.06J, p = 0.01) at the post-test. There was a significantly larger increase in mechanical efficiency between the pre- and post-test in the New Rim group (2.3-3.4% vs. 2.1-2.5%, p = 0.02) compared to the Regular Rim group. The new rim led to a more ergonomic propulsion technique, with a reduction in negative power and higher mechanical efficiency between the pre- and post-test at submaximal propulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rietveld
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Riemer J K Vegter
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands; Loughborough University, Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas H V van der Woude
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands; Loughborough University, Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough, United Kingdom; University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Rehabilitation, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sonja de Groot
- Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center, Reade, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, the Netherlands
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Fritsch C, Poulet Y, Bascou J, Thoreux P, Sauret C. How Was Studied the Effect of Manual Wheelchair Configuration on Propulsion Biomechanics: A Systematic Review on Methodologies. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2022; 3:863113. [PMID: 36189035 PMCID: PMC9397681 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2022.863113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background For both sports and everyday use, finding the optimal manual wheelchair (MWC) configuration can improve a user's propulsion biomechanics. Many studies have already investigated the effect of changes in MWC configuration but comparing their results is challenging due to the differences in experimental methodologies between articles. Purpose The present systematic review aims at offering an in-depth analysis of the methodologies used to study the impact of MWC configuration on propulsion biomechanics, and ultimately providing the community with recommendations for future research. Methods The reviewing process followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flowchart on two databases (Scopus and PubMed) in March 2022. Results Forty-five articles were included, and the results highlighted the multiplicity of methodologies regarding different experimental aspects, including propulsion environment, experimental task, or measurement systems, for example. More importantly, descriptions of MWC configurations and their modifications differed significantly between studies and led to a lack of critical information in many cases. Discussion Studying the effect of MWC configuration on propulsion requires recommendations that must be clarified: (1) the formalism chosen to describe MWC configuration (absolute or relative) should be consistent with the type of study conducted and should be documented enough to allow for switching to the other formalism; (2) the tested MWC characteristics and initial configuration, allowing the reproduction or comparison in future studies, should be properly reported; (3) the bias induced by the experimental situation on the measured data must be considered when drawing conclusions and therefore experimental conditions such as propulsion speed or the effect of the instrumentation should be reported. Conclusion Overall, future studies will need standardization to be able to follow the listed recommendations, both to describe MWC configuration and mechanical properties in a clear way and to choose the experimental conditions best suited to their objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Capucine Fritsch
- Centre d'Études et de Recherche sur l'Appareillage des Handicapés, Institution Nationale des Invalides, Paris, France
- Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, IBHGC – Institut de Biomécanique Humane Georges Charpak, HESAM Université, 151 Bd de l'Hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Yoann Poulet
- Centre d'Études et de Recherche sur l'Appareillage des Handicapés, Institution Nationale des Invalides, Paris, France
| | - Joseph Bascou
- Centre d'Études et de Recherche sur l'Appareillage des Handicapés, Institution Nationale des Invalides, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Thoreux
- Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, IBHGC – Institut de Biomécanique Humane Georges Charpak, HESAM Université, 151 Bd de l'Hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Sauret
- Centre d'Études et de Recherche sur l'Appareillage des Handicapés, Institution Nationale des Invalides, Paris, France
- Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, IBHGC – Institut de Biomécanique Humane Georges Charpak, HESAM Université, 151 Bd de l'Hôpital, Paris, France
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Alberca I, Chénier F, Astier M, Watelain É, Vallier JM, Pradon D, Faupin A. Sprint performance and force application of tennis players during manual wheelchair propulsion with and without holding a tennis racket. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263392. [PMID: 35120157 PMCID: PMC8815940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this exploratory research is to study the impact of holding a tennis racket while propelling a wheelchair on kinetic and temporal parameters in a field-based environment. 13 experienced wheelchair tennis players with disabilities (36.1 ± 8.2 years, 76.8 ± 15.3 kg, 174.8 ± 17.1 cm) classified between 30/8 and first series performed two 20 m sprints in a straight line, on a tennis court: one while holding a tennis racket and the second without a tennis racket. They used their own sports wheelchair. Potential participants were excluded if they had injuries or pain that impaired propulsion. Maximal total force, maximal propulsive moment, rate of rise, maximal power output, push and cycle times and maximal velocity were measured. Sprinting while holding a tennis racket increased the cycle time by 0,051 s and push time by 0,011s. Sprinting while holding a tennis racket decreased the maximal propulsive moment, maximal power output, rate of rise and maximal velocity during propulsion by 6.713 N/m, 151.108 W, 672.500 N/s and 0.429 m/s, respectively. Our results suggest that the biomechanical changes observed associated with racket propulsion are generally in a direction that would be beneficial for the risk of injury. But sprinting holding a racket seems to decrease players propulsion performance. Working on forward accelerations with a tennis racket would be a line of work for coaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Félix Chénier
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, Institut Universitaire sur la Réadaptation en Déficience Physique de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Systems Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marjolaine Astier
- IAPS, Université de Toulon, Toulon, France
- Université de Toulon, LAMHESS, Toulon, France
| | | | | | - Didier Pradon
- Endicap U1179, UVSQ, Laboratoire d’analyse du Mouvement, Versailles, France
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The longitudinal relationship between shoulder pain and altered wheelchair propulsion biomechanics of manual wheelchair users. J Biomech 2021; 126:110626. [PMID: 34329882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the longitudinal association between within-subject changes in shoulder pain and alterations in wheelchair propulsion biomechanics in manual wheelchair users. Eighteen (age 33 ± 11 years) manual wheelchair users propelled their own daily living wheelchair at 1.11 m.s-1 for three minutes on a dual-roller ergometer during two laboratory visits (T1 and T2) between 4 and 6 months apart. Shoulder pain was assessed using the Performance Corrected Wheelchair User's Shoulder Pain Index (PC-WUSPI). Between visits mean PC-WUSPI scores increased by 5.4 points and varied from - 13.5 to + 20.9 points. Of the eighteen participants, nine (50%) experienced increased shoulder pain, seven (39%) no change in pain, and two (11%) decreased pain. Increasing shoulder pain severity correlated with increased contact angle (r = 0.59, P = 0.010), thorax range of motion (r = 0.60, P = 0.009) and kinetic and kinematic variability. Additionally, increasing shoulder pain was associated with reductions in peak torque (r = -0.56, P = 0.016), peak glenohumeral abduction (r = -0.69, P = 0.002), peak scapular downward rotation (r = -0.68, P = 0.002), and range of motion in glenohumeral flexion/extension and scapular angles. Group comparisons revealed that these biomechanical alterations were exhibited by individuals who experienced increased shoulder pain, whereas, propulsion biomechanics of those with no change/decreased pain remained unaltered. These findings indicate that wheelchair users exhibit a protective short-term wheelchair propulsion biomechanical response to increases in shoulder pain which may temporarily help maintain functional independence.
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Criterion Validity of a Field-Based Assessment of Aerobic Capacity in Wheelchair Rugby Athletes. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2021; 16:1341-1346. [PMID: 33652413 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To confirm whether peak aerobic capacity determined during laboratory testing could be replicated during an on-court field-based test in wheelchair rugby players. METHODS Sixteen wheelchair rugby players performed an incremental speed-based peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak) test on a motorized treadmill (TM) and completed a multistage fitness test (MFT) on a basketball court in a counterbalanced order, while spirometric data were recorded. A paired t test was performed to check for systematic error between tests. A Bland-Altman plot for V˙O2peak illustrated the agreement between the TM and MFT results and how this related to the boundaries of practical equivalence. RESULTS No significant differences between mean V˙O2peak were reported (TM: 1.85 [0.63] vs MFT: 1.81 [0.63] L·min-1; P = .33). Bland-Altman plot for V˙O2peak suggests that the mean values are in good agreement at the group level; that is, the exact 95% confidence limits for the ratio systematic error (0.95-1.02) are within the boundaries of practical equivalence (0.88-1.13) showing that the group average TM and MFT values are interchangeable. However, consideration of the data at the level of the individual athlete suggests that the TM and MFT results were not interchangeable because the 95% ratio limits of agreement either coincide with the boundaries of practical equivalence (upper limit) or fall outside (lower limit). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that the MFT provides a suitable test at a group level with this cohort of wheelchair rugby players for the assessment of V˙O2peak (range 0.97-3.64 L·min-1), yet caution is noted for interchangeable use of values between tests for individual players.
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Briley SJ, Vegter RJ, Goosey-Tolfrey VL, Mason BS. Scapular kinematic variability during wheelchair propulsion is associated with shoulder pain in wheelchair users. J Biomech 2020; 113:110099. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.110099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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de Klerk R, Velhorst V, Veeger DHEJ, van der Woude LHV, Vegter RJK. Physiological and biomechanical comparison of overground, treadmill, and ergometer handrim wheelchair propulsion in able-bodied subjects under standardized conditions. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2020; 17:136. [PMID: 33069257 PMCID: PMC7568417 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-020-00767-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Handrim wheelchair propulsion is often assessed in the laboratory on treadmills (TM) or ergometers (WE), under the assumption that they relate to regular overground (OG) propulsion. However, little is known about the agreement of data obtained from TM, WE, and OG propulsion under standardized conditions. The current study aimed to standardize velocity and power output among these three modalities to consequently compare obtained physiological and biomechanical outcome parameters. Methods Seventeen able-bodied participants performed two submaximal practice sessions before taking part in a measurement session consisting of 3 × 4 min of submaximal wheelchair propulsion in each of the different modalities. Power output and speed for TM and WE propulsion were matched with OG propulsion, making them (mechanically) as equal as possible. Physiological data and propulsion kinetics were recorded with a spirometer and a 3D measurement wheel, respectively. Results Agreement among conditions was moderate to good for most outcome variables. However, heart rate was significantly higher in OG propulsion than in the TM condition. Push time and contact angle were smaller and fraction of effective force was higher on the WE when compared to OG/TM propulsion. Participants used a larger cycle time and more negative work per cycle in the OG condition. A continuous analysis using statistical parametric mapping showed a lower torque profile in the start of the push phase for TM propulsion versus OG/WE propulsion. Total force was higher during the start of the push phase for the OG conditions when compared to TM/WE propulsion. Conclusions Physiological and biomechanical outcomes in general are similar, but possible differences between modalities exist, even after controlling for power output using conventional techniques. Further efforts towards increasing the ecological validity of lab-based equipment is advised and the possible impact of these differences -if at all- in (clinical) practice should be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick de Klerk
- Centre for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Vera Velhorst
- Centre for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirkjan H E J Veeger
- Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Postbus 5, 2600 AA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas H V van der Woude
- Centre for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Centre for Rehabilitation, University Medical Centre Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Riemer J K Vegter
- Centre for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Briley SJ, Vegter RJ, Tolfrey VL, Mason BS. Propulsion biomechanics do not differ between athletic and nonathletic manual wheelchair users in their daily wheelchairs. J Biomech 2020; 104:109725. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Brown C, McPhee J. Predictive Forward Dynamic Simulation of Manual Wheelchair Propulsion on a Rolling Dynamometer. J Biomech Eng 2020; 142:1074477. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4046298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Research studies to understand the biomechanics of manual wheelchair propulsion often incorporate experimental data and mathematical models. This project aimed to advance this field of study by developing a two-dimensional (2D) model to generate first of its kind forward dynamic fully predictive computer simulations of a wheelchair basketball athlete on a stationary ergometer. Subject-specific parameters and torque generator functions were implemented in the model from dual X-ray absorptiometry and human dynamometer measurements. A direct collocation optimization method was used in a wheelchair propulsion model for the first time to replicate the human muscle recruitment strategy. Simulations were generated for varying time constraints and seat positions. Similar magnitudes of kinematic and kinetic data were observed between simulation and experimental data of a first push. Furthermore, seat heights inferior to the neutral position were found to produce similar joint torques to those reported in previous studies. An anterior seat placement produced the quickest push time with the least amount of shoulder torque required. The work completed in this project demonstrates that fully predictive simulations of wheelchair propulsion have the potential of varying simulation parameters to draw meaningful conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Brown
- Department of System Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2 L 3G1, Canada
| | - John McPhee
- Department of System Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2 L 3G1, Canada
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de Klerk R, Vegter RJK, Veeger HEJ, van der Woude LHV. Technical Note: A Novel Servo-Driven Dual-Roller Handrim Wheelchair Ergometer. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2020; 28:953-960. [DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2020.2965281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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de Klerk R, Vegter RJK, Goosey-Tolfrey VL, Mason BS, Lenton JP, Veeger DHEJ, van der Woude LHV. Measuring Handrim Wheelchair Propulsion in the Lab: A Critical Analysis of Stationary Ergometers. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2020; 13:199-211. [DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2019.2942763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Haydon DS, Pinder RA, Grimshaw PN, Robertson WSP. Wheelchair Rugby chair configurations: an individual, Robust design approach. Sports Biomech 2019; 21:104-119. [DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2019.1649451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David S. Haydon
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Computer, and Mathematical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Paul N. Grimshaw
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Computer, and Mathematical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - William S. P. Robertson
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Computer, and Mathematical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Lewis AR, Robertson W, Phillips EJ, Grimshaw PN, Portus M. Mass distribution of wheelchair athletes assessed using DXA scans and biomechanical simulations. J Biomech Eng 2019; 141:2735304. [PMID: 31141594 DOI: 10.1115/1.4043869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The anthropometries of elite wheelchair racing athletes differ to the generic, able-bodied anthropometries commonly used in computational biomechanical simulations. The impact of using able-bodied parameters on the accuracy of simulations involving wheelchair racing is currently unknown. In this study, athlete-specific mass segment inertial parameters of five elite wheelchair athletes were calculated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans. These were compared against commonly used anthropometrics parameters of data presented in the literature. A computational biomechanical simulation of wheelchair propulsion assessed the sensitivity of athlete-specific mass parameters using Kruskal-Wallis analysis, Mann-Whitney U analysis and Spearman correlations. Substantial between-athlete body mass distribution variances (thigh mass < 14.6% total body mass), and between-limb asymmetries (<62.4%; 3.1 kg) were observed. Compared to non-athletic able-bodied anthropometric data, wheelchair racing athletes demonstrated greater mass in the upper extremities (up to 3.8% total body mass), and less in the lower extremities (up to 9.8% total body mass). Computational simulations were sensitive to individual body mass distribution, with simulation outputs increasing by up to 12.5% when measured segment masses were 14.3% greater than the generic counterpart. These data suggest non-athletic, able-bodied mass segment inertial parameters are inappropriate for analysing elite wheelchair racing motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Lewis
- University of Adelaide, the Australian Institute of Sport, School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Will Robertson
- University of Adelaide, School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Elissa J Phillips
- The Australian Institute of Sport, Movement Science, the Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, 2617, Australia
| | - Paul N Grimshaw
- University of Adelaide, School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Marc Portus
- The Australian Institute of Sport, Movement Science, the Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, 2617, Australia
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Salimi Z, Ferguson-Pell M. Investigating the Reliability and Validity of Three Novel Virtual Reality Environments With Different Approaches to Simulate Wheelchair Maneuvers. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2019; 27:514-522. [PMID: 30716041 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2019.2896904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Wheelchair manoeuvring has received little attention in the literature despite its importance in mobility and performing activities of daily living and its role in developing secondary injuries for wheelchair users. The focus in this paper was technology development with iterative and proof-of-concept testing. Three versions of a wheelchair simulator that were designed and developed for simulating curvilinear wheelchair propulsion in virtual reality were tested for their validity and reliability. The wheelchair simulators comprise a sophisticated wheelchair ergometer in an immersive virtual reality environment and are developed for manual wheelchair propulsion. These simulators all replicate inertia in translation, in addition to taking three approaches for simulating turning. The three systems were then tested and compared with the real world to see how reliable and valid they are; 15 healthy participants were recruited to perform the Illinois Agility Test (IAT) in two sessions that were at least one week apart. The intraclass correlation coefficient and the Pearson correlation coefficient were found for 16 variables to find the test-retest reliability and convergent construct validity of the systems, respectively. Overall, the three systems showed good validity and reliability with the VR_system 2 (mechanical compensation for rotational inertia) having the best scores and the VR_system 3 (software compensation for rotational inertia) having the lowest scores. Also, it was observed that performing IAT in the real world needed fewer pushes and often accompanied more negative pushes. Participants also used longer strokes in the real world compared to virtual reality environment.
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19
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Lewis AR, Haydon DS, Phillips EJ, Grimshaw PN, Pinder RA, Winter J, Robertson WSP, Portus MR. Placement effects of inertial measurement units on contact identification in wheelchair racing. Sports Biomech 2018; 20:55-70. [PMID: 30480477 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2018.1522367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inertial measurement units (IMUs) provide a practical solution for attaining key performance data for wheelchair sports. The effects of IMU placement position on the identification of propulsion characteristics are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the variability in the reliability of cycle time measurements (time between hand contacts) across IMU locations on the chair frame (axle housings), and wheels (axle, push rim, outer rim), on both the left and right sides (n = 8). Contacts were defined by spikes in the resultant acceleration data, corresponding to impact between the hands and push rim, and verified against motion capture. Five elite wheelchair racing athletes propelled at racing speeds on a treadmill. Excellent inter-rater Intraclass Correlation Coefficient values indicated high reliability and repeatability for both motion capture and IMU signal analysis approaches (R = 0.997, p < 0.001 and R = 0.990, p < 0.001, respectively). The best results were (as determined by the best between method agreement) were observed for IMUs located on the frame. Detection reliability was positively associated with signal-to-noise ratio of the acceleration data. The IMU assessment approach facilitates an automated processing capability, which is an improvement to the currently used video analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Lewis
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, The University of Adelaide , Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Movement Science, the Australian Institute of Sport , Canberra, Australia
| | - David S Haydon
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, The University of Adelaide , Adelaide, Australia
| | - Elissa J Phillips
- Department of Movement Science, the Australian Institute of Sport , Canberra, Australia
| | - Paul N Grimshaw
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, The University of Adelaide , Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ross A Pinder
- Paralympic Performance, Australian Paralympic Committee , Adelaide, Australia
| | - Joseph Winter
- Department of Movement Science, the Australian Institute of Sport , Canberra, Australia
| | - William S P Robertson
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, The University of Adelaide , Adelaide, Australia
| | - Marc R Portus
- Department of Movement Science, the Australian Institute of Sport , Canberra, Australia
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20
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Salimi Z, Ferguson-Pell M. Development of Three Versions of a Wheelchair Ergometer for Curvilinear Manual Wheelchair Propulsion Using Virtual Reality. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2018; 26:1215-1222. [PMID: 29877846 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2018.2835509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Although wheelchair ergometers provide a safe and controlled environment for studying or training wheelchair users, until recently they had a major disadvantage in only being capable of simulating straight-line wheelchair propulsion. Virtual reality has helped overcome this problem and broaden the usability of wheelchair ergometers. However, for a wheelchair ergometer to be validly used in research studies, it needs to be able to simulate the biomechanics of real world wheelchair propulsion. In this paper, three versions of a wheelchair simulator were developed. They provide a sophisticated wheelchair ergometer in an immersive virtual reality environment. They are intended for manual wheelchair propulsion and all are able to simulate simple translational inertia. In addition, each of the systems reported uses a different approach to simulate wheelchair rotation and accommodate rotational inertial effects. The first system does not provide extra resistance against rotation and relies on merely linear inertia, hypothesizing that it can provide acceptable replication of biomechanics of wheelchair maneuvers. The second and third systems, however, are designed to simulate rotational inertia. System II uses mechanical compensation, and System III uses visual compensation simulating the influence that rotational inertia has on the visual perception of wheelchair movement in response to rotation at different speeds.
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21
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Lewis AR, Haydon DS, Phillips EJ, Grimshaw PN, Robertson WSP, Portus M. Monitoring seating interface pressure in wheelchair sports. SPORTS ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12283-018-0272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Haydon DS, Pinder RA, Grimshaw PN, Robertson WSP. Test design and individual analysis in wheelchair rugby. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 21:1262-1267. [PMID: 29685827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Use a task vehicle of sprint testing in wheelchair rugby (WCR) to explore the impact of small changes to test design using both group and individual analysis. DESIGN Exploratory, repeated measures, on-court study METHOD: 25 national or international level wheelchair rugby players completed 5×5m sprints under two conditions: (i) an acceleration from standstill in their own time, and (ii) an 'active' start, simulating a key aspect of performance. Video analysis and accelerometer data were used to measure key kinematic and performance variables with a focus on the first three strokes. Each player was grouped into a high-, mid-, or low-point group based on their sport-specific classification score. Group (paired sample t-tests) and individual (meaningful differences, performance coefficients, and Cohen's d effect sizes) analysis assessed differences between the two conditions. RESULTS The low-point classification group performed significantly slower in the active start (p<0.05). There were no differences in sprint time for the high- and mid-point groups. Mid-point players achieved greater peak accelerations for strokes two and three in the active start (p<0.05). Individual sprint performances varied substantially, ranging from 8% decrease to 14% increase in sprint time for the active start. Meaningful differences in peak accelerations were demonstrated for 23 out of the 25 players. CONCLUSIONS Small amendments to test design can lead to significant differences in individual athlete performance. Traditional group analyses masked important individual responses to testing conditions. There is need to further consider representative test design, and individual analysis for monitoring physical and skill performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Haydon
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia.
| | | | - Paul N Grimshaw
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - William S P Robertson
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia
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23
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Chaikhot D, Taylor MJD, Hettinga FJ. Sex differences in wheelchair propulsion biomechanics and mechanical efficiency in novice young able-bodied adults. Eur J Sport Sci 2018. [PMID: 29533156 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1447019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
An awareness of sex differences in gait can be beneficial for detecting the early stages of gait abnormalities that may lead to pathology. The same may be true for wheelchair propulsion. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sex on wheelchair biomechanics and mechanical efficiency in novice young able-bodied wheelchair propulsion. Thirty men and 30 women received 12 min of familiarisation training. Subsequently, they performed two 10-m propulsion tests to evaluate comfortable speed (CS). Additionally, they performed a 4-min submaximal propulsion test on a treadmill at CS, 125% and 145% of CS. Propulsion kinetics (via Smartwheel) and oxygen uptake were continuously measured in all tests and were used to determine gross mechanical efficiency (GE), net efficiency (NE) and fraction of effective force (FEF). Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed directly after each trial. Results indicated that CS for men was faster (0.98 ± 0.24 m/s) compared to women (0.71 ± 0.18 m/s). A lower GE was found in women compared to men. Push percentage, push angle and local RPE were different across the three speeds and between men and women. NE and FEF were not different between groups. Thus, even though their CS was lower, women demonstrated a higher locally perceived exertion than men. The results suggest sex differences in propulsion characteristics and GE. These insights may aid in optimising wheelchair propulsion through proper training and advice to prevent injuries and improve performance. This is relevant in stimulating an active lifestyle for those with a disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhissanuvach Chaikhot
- a School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Science , University of Essex , Colchester , UK
| | - Matthew J D Taylor
- a School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Science , University of Essex , Colchester , UK
| | - Florentina J Hettinga
- a School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Science , University of Essex , Colchester , UK
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24
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Goosey-Tolfrey VL, Vegter RJK, Mason BS, Paulson TAW, Lenton JP, van der Scheer JW, van der Woude LHV. Sprint performance and propulsion asymmetries on an ergometer in trained high- and low-point wheelchair rugby players. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28:1586-1593. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. L. Goosey-Tolfrey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences; The Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport; Loughborough University; Leicestershire UK
| | - R. J. K. Vegter
- University Medical Center Groningen; Center for Human Movement Sciences; University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - B. S. Mason
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences; The Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport; Loughborough University; Leicestershire UK
| | - T. A. W. Paulson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences; The Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport; Loughborough University; Leicestershire UK
| | - J. P. Lenton
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences; The Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport; Loughborough University; Leicestershire UK
- GBCT Para-Cycling; British Cycling; National Cycling Centre; Manchester UK
| | - J. W. van der Scheer
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences; The Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport; Loughborough University; Leicestershire UK
| | - L. H. V. van der Woude
- University Medical Center Groningen; Center for Human Movement Sciences; University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
- University Medical Center Groningen; Center for Rehabilitation; University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
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25
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Overground-Propulsion Kinematics and Acceleration in Elite Wheelchair Rugby. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2018; 13:156-162. [DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2016-0802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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Gauthier C, Arel J, Brosseau R, Hicks AL, Gagnon DH. Reliability and minimal detectable change of a new treadmill-based progressive workload incremental test to measure cardiorespiratory fitness in manual wheelchair users. J Spinal Cord Med 2017; 40:759-767. [PMID: 28903627 PMCID: PMC5778939 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2017.1369213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiorespiratory fitness training is commonly provided to manual wheelchair users (MWUs) in rehabilitation and physical activity programs, emphasizing the need for a reliable task-specific incremental wheelchair propulsion test. OBJECTIVE Quantifying test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change (MDC) of key cardiorespiratory fitness measures following performance of a newly developed continuous treadmill-based wheelchair propulsion test (WPTTreadmill). METHODS Twenty-five MWUs completed the WPTTreadmill on two separate occasions within one week. During these tests, participants continuously propelled their wheelchair on a motorized treadmill while the exercise intensity was gradually increased every minute until exhaustion by changing the slope and/or speed according to a standardized protocol. Peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), carbon dioxide production (VCO2peak), respiratory exchange ratio (RERpeak), minute ventilation (VEpeak) and heart rate (HRpeak) were computed. Time to exhaustion (TTE) and number of increments completed were also measured. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to determine test-retest reliability. Standard error of measurement (SEM) and MDC90% values were calculated. RESULTS Excellent test-retest reliability was reached for almost all outcome measures (ICC=0.91-0.76), except for RERpeak (ICC=0.58), which reached good reliability. TTE (ICC=0.89) and number of increments (ICC=0.91) also reached excellent test-retest reliability. For the main outcome measures (VO2peak and TTE), absolute SEM was 2.27 mL/kg/min and 0.76 minutes, respectively and absolute MDC90% was 5.30 mL/kg/min and 1.77 minutes, respectively. CONCLUSION The WPTTreadmill is a reliable test to assess cardiorespiratory fitness among MWUs. TTE and number of increments could be used as reliable outcome measures when VO2 measurement is not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Gauthier
- School of Rehabilitation (www.umontreal.readap.ca), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada,Pathokinesiology Laboratory (www.pathokin.ca), Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et services sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l’Île-de-Montréal-Installation Institut de réadaptation Gingras-Lindsay-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jasmine Arel
- School of Rehabilitation (www.umontreal.readap.ca), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada,Pathokinesiology Laboratory (www.pathokin.ca), Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et services sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l’Île-de-Montréal-Installation Institut de réadaptation Gingras-Lindsay-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rachel Brosseau
- School of Rehabilitation (www.umontreal.readap.ca), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada,Institut de cardiologie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Audrey L. Hicks
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dany H. Gagnon
- School of Rehabilitation (www.umontreal.readap.ca), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada,Pathokinesiology Laboratory (www.pathokin.ca), Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et services sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l’Île-de-Montréal-Installation Institut de réadaptation Gingras-Lindsay-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada,Correspondence to: Dany H. Gagnon, Pathokinesiology Laboratory, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et services sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l’Île-de-Montréal-Installation Institut de réadaptation Gingras-Lindsay-de-Montréal, 6300 Avenue Darlington, Montreal, QC, H3S 2J4 Canada, E-mail:
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27
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Chan FHN, Eshraghi M, Alhazmi MA, Sawatzky BJ. The effect of caster types on global rolling resistance in manual wheelchairs on indoor and outdoor surfaces. Assist Technol 2017; 30:176-182. [PMID: 28590160 DOI: 10.1080/10400435.2017.1307880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An important aspect of reducing the strain of wheeling is to decrease rolling resistance. Previous laboratory research, using a treadmill, determined that smaller casters significantly increased rolling resistance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of caster size on various indoor and outdoor surfaces on global wheelchair rolling resistance. Three caster types with sizes 4 in, 5 in, and 6 in, three indoor surfaces, and three outdoor surfaces were studied. A manual wheelchair was passively pulled along each surface at 1.11 m/s (3.64 ft/s) by a power wheelchair, and the global rolling resistance of the manual wheelchair was measured using a calibrated force transducer. A 3×3 repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted for both indoor and outdoor environments. The 4-in casters resulted in the highest global rolling resistance on most surfaces. The 5-in casters had the least rolling resistance on most indoor surfaces, and the 6-in casters had the least rolling resistance on most outdoor surfaces. Although 4-in casters are more popular among active wheelchair users, larger casters were shown to have lower rolling resistance on most surfaces. This study may help users select the best caster size depending upon their daily activities and lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco H N Chan
- a International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries , Blusson Spinal Cord Centre , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Mehdi Eshraghi
- b Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine , University of British Columbia (UBC) , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada.,c Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Islamic Architecture , Umm Al-Qura University (UQU) , Makkah , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Alhazmi
- c Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Islamic Architecture , Umm Al-Qura University (UQU) , Makkah , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bonita J Sawatzky
- a International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries , Blusson Spinal Cord Centre , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada.,b Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine , University of British Columbia (UBC) , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada
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28
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MacGillivray MK, Lam T, Klimstra M, Zehr EP, Sawatzky BJ. Exploring the ecological validity and variability of a 10-min bout of wheeling. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2017; 13:287-292. [PMID: 28485185 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2017.1323965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the ecological validity of using able-bodied participants to perform a 10-min wheeling trial by (1) evaluating changes in biomechanics over the trial in manual wheelchair users and able-bodied participants naïve to wheeling and (2) describing differences in changes and variability between groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS Manual wheelchair users (n = 7, 2-27 years' experience) and able-bodied participants (n = 11) wheeled for 10 min. Kinetic and temporal variables were collected and averaged over each minute, while wheeling strategy (movement pattern) was categorized at minutes 1 and 10. RESULTS There was a main effect of time for push angle, and a main effect of group for average push angle, tangential force and total force. Manual wheelchair users used larger push angles and forces compared to able-bodied participants. Surprisingly, intercycle variability did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION Using able-bodied participants to represent manual wheelchair users performing a 10-min wheeling trial is not ecologically valid and caution should be used when interpreting push angle and forces applied to the pushrim. Considering that push angle was the only variable that demonstrated a main effect of time, long durations (e.g., 10 min) of wheeling may be appropriate for use in study designs acknowledging potential changes in wheeling strategy and push angle. Implications for Rehabilitation Some experienced wheelchair users and non-wheelchair users modify their movement pattern from an arc to a circular pattern within a 10-min wheeling trial. There are clear biomechanical differences in push angle and forces applied to the pushrim between wheelchair users with experience and able-bodied non-wheelchair users. Able-bodied participants who have no prior manual wheeling experience are no more variable than long-term wheelchair users. Variability may play an important role in wheelchair propulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K MacGillivray
- a International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries , Vancouver , Canada.,b Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
| | - Tania Lam
- a International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries , Vancouver , Canada.,c School of Kinesiology , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
| | - Marc Klimstra
- d School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education , University of Victoria , Victoria , Canada
| | - E Paul Zehr
- a International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries , Vancouver , Canada.,d School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education , University of Victoria , Victoria , Canada
| | - Bonita J Sawatzky
- a International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries , Vancouver , Canada.,e Department of Orthopedics , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
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29
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West CR, Leicht CA, Goosey-Tolfrey VL, Romer LM. Perspective: Does Laboratory-Based Maximal Incremental Exercise Testing Elicit Maximum Physiological Responses in Highly-Trained Athletes with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury? Front Physiol 2016; 6:419. [PMID: 26834642 PMCID: PMC4712301 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological assessment of highly-trained athletes is a cornerstone of many scientific support programs. In the present article, we provide original data followed by our perspective on the topic of laboratory-based incremental exercise testing in elite athletes with cervical spinal cord injury. We retrospectively reviewed our data on Great Britain Wheelchair Rugby athletes collected during the last two Paralympic cycles. We extracted and compared peak cardiometabolic (heart rate and blood lactate) responses between a standard laboratory-based incremental exercise test on a treadmill and two different maximal field tests (4 min and 40 min maximal push). In the nine athletes studied, both field tests elicited higher peak responses than the laboratory-based test. The present data imply that laboratory-based incremental protocols preclude the attainment of true peak cardiometabolic responses. This may be due to the different locomotor patterns required to sustain wheelchair propulsion during treadmill exercise or that maximal incremental treadmill protocols only require individuals to exercise at or near maximal exhaustion for a relatively short period of time. We acknowledge that both field- and laboratory-based testing have respective merits and pitfalls and suggest that the choice of test be dictated by the question at hand: if true peak responses are required then field-based testing is warranted, whereas laboratory-based testing may be more appropriate for obtaining cardiometabolic responses across a range of standardized exercise intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R West
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British ColumbiaVancouver, BC, Canada; School of Kinesiology, University of British ColumbiaVancouver, BC, Canada; Centre for Sports Medicine and Human Performance, Brunel University LondonLondon, UK
| | - Christof A Leicht
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, The Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, Loughborough University Loughborough, UK
| | - Victoria L Goosey-Tolfrey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, The Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, Loughborough University Loughborough, UK
| | - Lee M Romer
- Centre for Sports Medicine and Human Performance, Brunel University London London, UK
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30
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Wheelchair Propulsion Biomechanics in Junior Basketball Players: A Method for the Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Specific Training Program. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:275965. [PMID: 26543852 PMCID: PMC4620238 DOI: 10.1155/2015/275965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As participation in wheelchair sports increases, the need of quantitative assessment of biomechanical performance indicators and of sports- and population-specific training protocols has become central. The present study focuses on junior wheelchair basketball and aims at (i) proposing a method to identify biomechanical performance indicators of wheelchair propulsion using an instrumented in-field test and (ii) developing a training program specific for the considered population and assessing its efficacy using the proposed method. Twelve athletes (10 M, 2 F, age = 17.1 ± 2.7 years, years of practice = 4.5 ± 1.8) equipped with wheelchair- and wrist-mounted inertial sensors performed a 20-metre sprint test. Biomechanical parameters related to propulsion timing, progression force, and coordination were estimated from the measured accelerations and used in a regression model where the time to complete the test was set as dependent variable. Force- and coordination-related parameters accounted for 80% of the dependent variable variance. Based on these results, a training program was designed and administered for three months to six of the athletes (the others acting as control group). The biomechanical indicators proved to be effective in providing additional information about the wheelchair propulsion technique with respect to the final test outcome and demonstrated the efficacy of the developed program.
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31
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Mason BS, Lenton JP, Goosey-Tolfrey VL. The physiological and biomechanical effects of forwards and reverse sports wheelchair propulsion. J Spinal Cord Med 2015; 38:476-84. [PMID: 24593797 PMCID: PMC4612203 DOI: 10.1179/2045772314y.0000000197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the physiological and biomechanical differences between forwards (FOR) and reverse (REV) sports wheelchair propulsion. DESIGN Fourteen able-bodied males with previous wheelchair propulsion experience pushed a sports wheelchair on a single-roller ergometer in a FOR and REV direction at three sub-maximal speeds (4, 6, and 8 km/hour). Each trial lasted 3 minutes, and during the final minute physiological and biomechanical measures was collected. RESULTS The physiological results revealed that oxygen uptake (1.51 ± 0.29 vs. 1.38 ± 0.26 L/minute, P = 0.005) and heart rate (121 ± 19 vs. 109 ± 14 beats/minute, P < 0.0005) were significantly greater during REV than FOR only during the 8 km/hour trials. From a biomechanical perspective, push frequencies were similar between FOR and REV across all speeds (P > 0.05). However, greater mean resultant forces were applied during FOR (P < 0.0005) at 4 km/hour (66.7 ± 19.5 vs. 49.2 ± 10.3 N), 6 km/hour (90.7 ± 21.9 vs. 65.3 ± 18.6 N), and 8 km/hour (102.5 ± 17.6 vs. 68.7 ± 13.5 N) compared to REV. Alternatively, push times and push angles were significantly lower (P ≤ 0.001) during FOR at each speed. CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrated that at higher speeds physiological demand becomes elevated during REV. This was likely to be associated with an inability to apply sufficient force to the wheels, thus requiring kinematic adaptations in order to maintain constant speeds in REV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry S. Mason
- Correspondence to: Barry Mason, Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
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Mason B, Lemstra M, van der Woude L, Vegter R, Goosey-Tolfrey V. Influence of wheel configuration on wheelchair basketball performance: Wheel stiffness, tyre type and tyre orientation. Med Eng Phys 2015; 37:392-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Trunk and shoulder kinematic and kinetic and electromyographic adaptations to slope increase during motorized treadmill propulsion among manual wheelchair users with a spinal cord injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:636319. [PMID: 25793200 PMCID: PMC4352451 DOI: 10.1155/2015/636319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The main objective was to quantify the effects of five different slopes on trunk and shoulder kinematics as well as shoulder kinetic and muscular demands during manual wheelchair (MWC) propulsion on a motorized treadmill. Eighteen participants with spinal cord injury propelled their MWC at a self-selected constant speed on a motorized treadmill set at different slopes (0°, 2.7°, 3.6°, 4.8°, and 7.1°). Trunk and upper limb movements were recorded with a motion analysis system. Net shoulder joint moments were computed with the forces applied to the handrims measured with an instrumented wheel. To quantify muscular demand, the electromyographic activity (EMG) of the pectoralis major (clavicular and sternal portions) and deltoid (anterior and posterior fibers) was recorded during the experimental tasks and normalized against maximum EMG values obtained during static contractions. Overall, forward trunk flexion and shoulder flexion increased as the slope became steeper, whereas shoulder flexion, adduction, and internal rotation moments along with the muscular demand also increased as the slope became steeper. The results confirm that forward trunk flexion and shoulder flexion movement amplitudes, along with shoulder mechanical and muscular demands, generally increase when the slope of the treadmill increases despite some similarities between the 2.7° to 3.6° and 3.6° to 4.8° slope increments.
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Gil-Agudo Á, Solís-Mozos M, Crespo-Ruiz B, Del-Ama Eng AJ, Pérez-Rizo E, Segura-Fragoso A, Jiménez-Díaz F. Echographic and kinetic changes in the shoulder joint after manual wheelchair propulsion under two different workload settings. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2014; 2:77. [PMID: 25566539 PMCID: PMC4275037 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2014.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury (SCI) have a high prevalence of shoulder pain due to the use of the upper extremity for independent mobility, transfers, and other activities of daily living. Indeed, shoulder pain dramatically affects quality of life of these individuals. There is limited evidence obtained through radiographic techniques of a relationship between the forces acting on the shoulder during different propulsion conditions and shoulder pathologies. Today, ultrasound is widely accepted as a precise tool in diagnosis, displaying particularly effectiveness in screening the shoulder rotator cuff. Thus, we set out to perform an ultrasound-based study of the acute changes to the shoulder soft tissues after propelling a manual wheelchair in two workload settings. Shoulder joint kinetics was recorded from 14 manual wheelchair users with SCI while they performed high- and low-intensity wheelchair propulsion tests (constant and incremental). Shoulder joint forces and moments were obtained from inverse dynamic methods, and ultrasound screening of the shoulder was performed before and immediately after the test. Kinetic changes were more relevant after the most intensive task, showing the significance of high-intensity activity, yet no differences were found in ultrasound-related parameters before and after each propulsion task. It therefore appears that further studies will be needed to collect clinical data and correlate data regarding shoulder pain with both ultrasound images and data from shoulder kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Gil-Agudo
- Biomechanics and Technical Aids Unit, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Hospital for Paraplegics, Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha , Toledo , Spain
| | - Marta Solís-Mozos
- Biomechanics and Technical Aids Unit, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Hospital for Paraplegics, Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha , Toledo , Spain
| | - Beatriz Crespo-Ruiz
- Biomechanics and Technical Aids Unit, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Hospital for Paraplegics, Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha , Toledo , Spain
| | - Antonio J Del-Ama Eng
- Biomechanics and Technical Aids Unit, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Hospital for Paraplegics, Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha , Toledo , Spain
| | - Enrique Pérez-Rizo
- Biomechanics and Technical Aids Unit, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Hospital for Paraplegics, Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha , Toledo , Spain
| | | | - Fernando Jiménez-Díaz
- Laboratory of Performance and Sports Rehabilitation, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Castilla-La Mancha , Toledo , Spain
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