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Barrera-Domínguez FJ, Del-Cuerpo I, Riego-Ruiz A, Martínez-García D, Jerez-Mayorga D, Javier Chirosa-Ríos L, Molina-López J. Strength characteristics in faster change of direction basketball players: A comparison across cutting angles. Eur J Sport Sci 2024. [PMID: 38949958 DOI: 10.1002/ejsc.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Change of directions (COD) involves multidirectional and complex actions, with performance influenced by multiple factors. As lower limb strength is one of the most determinant of COD performance, the present study aimed to (a) explore the differences in strength outcomes across different lower limb muscle actions between faster and slower basketball players in COD actions at different angles and (b) analyse the relationship between isometric, concentric and eccentric strength outcomes and COD performance at different cutting angles. Twenty-five basketball players (44% female) completed a battery of tests, encompassing isokinetic and isometric squat strength assessments, along with COD tests at 45°, 90° and 180°. Players were categorised as 'low-performance' and 'high-performance' groups based on execution time in COD, facilitating a comparison between performance groups. Results indicated that concentric strength showed the greatest differences between performance groups at 45° COD (effect size ≥ 0.813; p ≤ 0.034). Isometric and eccentric strength demonstrated a moderate-to-large relationship with 90° COD performance (Rho ≥ 0.394; p ≤ 0.045), and all muscle actions exhibited a large relationship with 180° COD (Rho ≥ 0.445; p ≤ 0.030). Moreover, the fastest players showed higher levels of concentric strength relative to eccentric strength, regardless of the cutting angle. These findings hold practical applications, suggesting that basketball coaches should train a specific kind of muscle action depending on the individual players' COD demands, focusing on improving the rapid eccentric force application while striving to reduce the eccentric/concentric ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Indya Del-Cuerpo
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Strength & Conditioning Laboratory, CTS-642 Research Group, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Riego-Ruiz
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Strength & Conditioning Laboratory, CTS-642 Research Group, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Darío Martínez-García
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Strength & Conditioning Laboratory, CTS-642 Research Group, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel Jerez-Mayorga
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Strength & Conditioning Laboratory, CTS-642 Research Group, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Physical Therapy, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Luís Javier Chirosa-Ríos
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Strength & Conditioning Laboratory, CTS-642 Research Group, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge Molina-López
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sport Sciences, COIDESO, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
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2
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Rasouli Kahaki Z, Choobineh A, Razeghi M, Karimi MT, Safarpour AR. Dynamic stability evaluation of trunk accelerations during walking in blind and sighted individuals. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:127. [PMID: 38515065 PMCID: PMC10958951 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03394-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamic stability is a fundamental goal in standing activities. In this regard, monitoring, analysis, and interventions made to improve stability is a research topic investigated in the biomechanics of human movements. Vision has a major role to play in controlling human movement. Nonetheless, little is known about the effects of visual deprivation, especially from birth on dynamic gait stability. METHODS The current study was conducted on 20 congenital blind and 10 sighted people (15-38 years). To evaluate the dynamic stability, descriptive data, harmonic ratio (HR), improved harmonic ratio (iHR), and root mean square (RMS), based on trunk acceleration data were measured in three axes: anteroposterior (AP), vertical (V), and mediolateral (ML) while participants walked an eight-meter straight path. RESULTS In the comparison of blind and sighted people (eyes open), standard deviation, HR, iHR, and RMS indices were found to be significantly different in both AP and V directions. All the mentioned parameters were significantly lower in blind than in sighted participants. In the comparison of blind people and sighted ones with closed eyes, changes were observed in the maximum, range, standard deviation, and RMS only in the AP axis. In the comparison between eyes open and closed in sighted people, a significant difference was found only in the harmonic ratio of the vertical axis. CONCLUSION Visual deprivation led to a decrease in dynamic stability parameters in the AP and V axes. Even the movement of sighted people in unchallenged conditions is dependent on visual information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Rasouli Kahaki
- Student Research Committee, Department of Ergonomics, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Choobineh
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Razeghi
- Department of physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Karimi
- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Reza Safarpour
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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3
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Weston AR, Antonellis P, Fino PC, Hoppes CW, Lester ME, Weightman MM, Dibble LE, King LA. Quantifying Turning Tasks With Wearable Sensors: A Reliability Assessment. Phys Ther 2024; 104:pzad134. [PMID: 37802908 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzad134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to establish the test-retest reliability of metrics obtained from wearable inertial sensors that reflect turning performance during tasks designed to imitate various turns in daily activity. METHODS Seventy-one adults who were healthy completed 3 turning tasks: a 1-minute walk along a 6-m walkway, a modified Illinois Agility Test (mIAT), and a complex turning course (CTC). Peak axial turning and rotational velocity (yaw angular velocity) were extracted from wearable inertial sensors on the head, trunk, and lumbar spine. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were established to assess the test-retest reliability of average peak turning speed for each task. Lap time was collected for reliability analysis as well. RESULTS Turning speed across all tasks demonstrated good to excellent reliability, with the highest reliability noted for the CTC (45-degree turns: ICC = 0.73-0.81; 90-degree turns: ICC = 0.71-0.83; and 135-degree turns: ICC = 0.72-0.80). The reliability of turning speed during 180-degree turns from the 1-minute walk was consistent across all body segments (ICC = 0.74-0.76). mIAT reliability ranged from fair to excellent (end turns: ICC = 0.52-0.72; mid turns: ICC = 0.50-0.56; and slalom turns: ICC = 0.66-0.84). The CTC average lap time demonstrated good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.69), and the mIAT average lap time test-retest reliability was excellent (ICC = 0.91). CONCLUSION Turning speed measured by inertial sensors is a reliable outcome across a variety of ecologically valid turning tasks that can be easily tested in a clinical environment. IMPACT Turning performance is a reliable and important measure that should be included in clinical assessments and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Weston
- Department of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Army-Baylor University Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Prokopios Antonellis
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Peter C Fino
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Carrie W Hoppes
- Army-Baylor University Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Mark E Lester
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Harlingen, Texas, USA
| | | | - Leland E Dibble
- Department of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Laurie A King
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Thomas C, Dos'Santos T, Comfort P, Jones PA. Male and female soccer players exhibit different knee joint mechanics during pre-planned change of direction. Sports Biomech 2024; 23:118-131. [PMID: 33115317 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2020.1830160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Change of direction manoeuvres is important in soccer and associated with non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury, yet it is not known how the mechanics differentiate between males and females during 180° turns. Twenty-eight soccer players (14 males and 14 females) performed 180° turns with ground reaction forces collected over penultimate and final contacts. A two-way (contact × limb) multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were run to examine differences between contact (penultimate and final) or limb (dominant and non-dominant) for sagittal plane hip, knee and ankle peak angles and moments, and frontal plane knee abduction moments and angles between sexes. Average horizontal GRF was increased on the dominant limb, compared to non-dominant and for the final contact compared to the penultimate contact. Knee abduction angles were increased in females compared to males, while the opposite was true for knee abduction moments. Statistically significant differences were evident, with increases in peak vertical GRF, peak hip flexion angle, peak knee flexion angle, peak knee extensor moment, and peak ankle dorsiflexion angle observed in the penultimate contact compared to final contact. The results indicate the penultimate contact during turns helps reduce loading on the final contact, yet male and female soccer players exhibit different knee joint mechanics during pre-planned change of direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Thomas
- Directorate of Sport, Exercise and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Thomas Dos'Santos
- Directorate of Sport, Exercise and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Paul Comfort
- Directorate of Sport, Exercise and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Paul A Jones
- Directorate of Sport, Exercise and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
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5
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Apte S, Karami H, Vallat C, Gremeaux V, Aminian K. In-field assessment of change-of-direction ability with a single wearable sensor. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4518. [PMID: 36934121 PMCID: PMC10024719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30773-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Agility T-test is a standardized method to measure the change-of-direction (COD) ability of athletes in the field. It is traditionally scored based on the total completion time, which does not provide information on the different CODs. Augmenting the T-test with wearable sensors provides the opportunity to explore new metrics. Towards this, data of 23 professional soccer players were recorded with a trunk-worn GNSS-IMU (Global Navigation Satellite System-Inertial Measurement Unit) device. A method for detecting the four CODs based on the wavelet-denoised antero-posterior acceleration signal was developed and validated using video data (60 Hz). Following this, completion time was estimated using GNSS ground speed and validated with the photocell data. The proposed method yields an error (mean ± standard deviation) of 0 ± 66 ms for the COD detection, - 0.16 ± 0.22 s for completion time, and a relative error for each COD duration and each sequential movement durations of less than 3.5 ± 16% and 7 ± 7%, respectively. The presented algorithm can highlight the asymmetric performance between the phases and CODs in the right and left direction. By providing a more comprehensive analysis in the field, this work can enable coaches to develop more personalized training and rehabilitation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salil Apte
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Hojjat Karami
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Célestin Vallat
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Gremeaux
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Sport Medicine Unit, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kamiar Aminian
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Horn T, Brogden C, Greig M. Isokinetic profiling of elite youth footballers: informing selection of a practicable and efficacious isokinetic screening test. Res Sports Med 2023; 31:125-136. [PMID: 34162293 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2021.1943392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Isokinetic dynamometry represents the clinical gold standard for strength assessment but testing lack consensus. Elite youth male football players (n = 28) completed 20 repetitions (analysed as four epochs) of eccentric knee flexor (eccKF) and concentric knee extensor (conKE) trials at 60, 180 and 270°∙s-1, quantifying peak torque (PT) and functional range (FR). There was a significant (P < 0.001) main effect for fatigue and angular velocity in conKE PT; eccKF PT was not significant across epoch (P = 0.35) and velocity (P = 0.12) and a velocity x epoch interaction highlighted more repetitions were required to elicit fatigue as velocity increased. FR decreased with fatigue (P < 0.001) and velocity (P < 0.01) in conKE and eccKF, indicative of a narrowing of the strength curve. Clinical interpretation advocates an isokinetic test comprising at least 15 reps at a velocity ≥ 180°∙s-1 and analysis beyond the peak of the strength curve (PT) to inform clinical reasoning and individualized exercise prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Horn
- Medical Department, Preston North End Football Club, Preston, UK
| | - Chris Brogden
- Sports Injury Research Group, Department of Sport & Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Matt Greig
- Sports Injury Research Group, Department of Sport & Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
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7
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Rawlley-Singh I. Strategic Planning and Program Management of Strength and Conditioning Support Within Elite Sport: A Technical Systems-Driven Perspective. Strength Cond J 2022. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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Harper DJ, McBurnie AJ, Santos TD, Eriksrud O, Evans M, Cohen DD, Rhodes D, Carling C, Kiely J. Biomechanical and Neuromuscular Performance Requirements of Horizontal Deceleration: A Review with Implications for Random Intermittent Multi-Directional Sports. Sports Med 2022; 52:2321-2354. [PMID: 35643876 PMCID: PMC9474351 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01693-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rapid horizontal accelerations and decelerations are crucial events enabling the changes of velocity and direction integral to sports involving random intermittent multi-directional movements. However, relative to horizontal acceleration, there have been considerably fewer scientific investigations into the biomechanical and neuromuscular demands of horizontal deceleration and the qualities underpinning horizontal deceleration performance. Accordingly, the aims of this review article are to: (1) conduct an evidence-based review of the biomechanical demands of horizontal deceleration and (2) identify biomechanical and neuromuscular performance determinants of horizontal deceleration, with the aim of outlining relevant performance implications for random intermittent multi-directional sports. We highlight that horizontal decelerations have a unique ground reaction force profile, characterised by high-impact peak forces and loading rates. The highest magnitude of these forces occurs during the early stance phase (< 50 ms) and is shown to be up to 2.7 times greater than those seen during the first steps of a maximal horizontal acceleration. As such, inability for either limb to tolerate these forces may result in a diminished ability to brake, subsequently reducing deceleration capacity, and increasing vulnerability to excessive forces that could heighten injury risk and severity of muscle damage. Two factors are highlighted as especially important for enhancing horizontal deceleration ability: (1) braking force control and (2) braking force attenuation. Whilst various eccentric strength qualities have been reported to be important for achieving these purposes, the potential importance of concentric, isometric and reactive strength, in addition to an enhanced technical ability to apply braking force is also highlighted. Last, the review provides recommended research directions to enhance future understanding of horizontal deceleration ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian J. Harper
- Institute of Coaching and Performance, School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Fylde Road, Preston, PR1 2HE UK
| | - Alistair J. McBurnie
- Department of Football Medicine and Science, Manchester United Football Club, AON Training Complex, Manchester, UK
| | - Thomas Dos’ Santos
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Ola Eriksrud
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Evans
- The FA Group, St George’s Park, Burton-Upon-Trent, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Daniel D. Cohen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Masira Research Institute, University of Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Sports Science Centre (CCD), Colombian Ministry of Sport (Mindeporte), Bogotá, Distrito Capital Colombia
| | - David Rhodes
- Institute of Coaching and Performance, School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Fylde Road, Preston, PR1 2HE UK
| | - Christopher Carling
- Present Address: FFF Research Centre, French Football Federation, Clairefontaine National Football Centre, Clairefontaine-en-Yvelines, France
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France
| | - John Kiely
- Physical Education and Sports Science Department, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Ellens S, Middleton K, Gastin PB, Varley MC. Techniques to derive and clean acceleration and deceleration data of athlete tracking technologies in team sports: A scoping review. J Sports Sci 2022; 40:1772-1800. [PMID: 35446231 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2022.2054535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The application of acceleration and deceleration data as a measure of an athlete's physical performance is common practice in team sports. Acceleration and deceleration are monitored with athlete tracking technologies during training and games to quantify training load, prevent injury and enhance performance. However, inconsistencies exist throughout the literature in the reported methodological procedures used to quantify acceleration and deceleration. The object of this review was to systematically map and provide a summary of the methodological procedures being used on acceleration and deceleration data obtained from athlete tracking technologies in team sports and describe the applications of the data. Systematic searches of multiple databases were undertaken. To be included, studies must have investigated full body acceleration and/or deceleration data of athlete tracking technologies. The search identified 276 eligible studies. Most studies (60%) did not provide information on how the data was derived and what sequence of steps were taken to clean the data. Acceleration and deceleration data were commonly applied to quantify and describe movement demands using effort metrics. This scoping review identified research gaps in the methodological procedures and deriving and cleaning techniques that warrant future research focussing on their effect on acceleration and deceleration data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Ellens
- Sport and Exercise Science, School of Allied Health, Human Services & Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kane Middleton
- Sport and Exercise Science, School of Allied Health, Human Services & Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul B Gastin
- Sport and Exercise Science, School of Allied Health, Human Services & Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew C Varley
- Sport and Exercise Science, School of Allied Health, Human Services & Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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10
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Influence of Physical and Technical Aspects on Change of Direction Performance of Rugby Players: An Exploratory Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413390. [PMID: 34948999 PMCID: PMC8706889 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We examined the relationships between change of direction (COD) speed and deficit, and a series of speed- and power-related measurements in national team rugby union players and analyzed the influence of movement patterns on COD ability. Eleven male athletes completed the following physical assessments on different days: day 1—anthropometric measurements, and lower-body kinematic parameters (assessed with eight inertial sensors) and completion time in COD tests (pro-agility, 45° cutting maneuver (CUT), and “L” (L-Drill)); day 2—bilateral and unilateral squat and countermovement jumps, 40 m linear sprint, and bar-power output in the jump squat and half-squat exercises. Pearson’s product–moment correlations were performed to determine the relationships between COD velocities, COD deficits, and the speed–power variables. Differences between players with higher and lower COD deficits were examined using magnitude-based inferences. Results showed that (1) greater sprint momentum was associated with higher COD deficits, particularly in drills with sharper angles and multiple directional changes (L-drill and pro-agility); (2) higher unilateral jump heights were associated with greater COD deficits in the pro-agility and L-drill but not in the CUT; (3) faster athletes were less efficient at changing direction and presented greater trunk and knee flexion angles during COD maneuvers, probably as a consequence of higher inertia.
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11
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Deceleration Training in Team Sports: Another Potential 'Vaccine' for Sports-Related Injury? Sports Med 2021; 52:1-12. [PMID: 34716561 PMCID: PMC8761154 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01583-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
High-intensity horizontal decelerations occur frequently in team sports and are typically performed to facilitate a reduction in momentum preceding a change of direction manoeuvre or following a sprinting action. The mechanical underpinnings of horizontal deceleration are unique compared to other high-intensity locomotive patterns (e.g., acceleration, maximal sprinting speed), and are characterised by a ground reaction force profile of high impact peaks and loading rates. The high mechanical loading conditions observed when performing rapid horizontal decelerations can lead to tissue damage and neuromuscular fatigue, which may diminish co-ordinative proficiency and an individual’s ability to skilfully dissipate braking loads. Furthermore, repetitive long-term deceleration loading cycles if not managed appropriately may propagate damage accumulation and offer an explanation for chronic aetiological consequences of the ‘mechanical fatigue failure’ phenomenon. Training strategies should look to enhance an athlete’s ability to skilfully dissipate braking loads, develop mechanically robust musculoskeletal structures, and ensure frequent high-intensity horizontal deceleration exposure in order to accustom individuals to the potentially damaging effects of intense decelerations that athletes will frequently perform in competition. Given the apparent importance of horizontal decelerations, in this Current Opinion article we provide considerations for sport science and medicine practitioners around the assessment, training and monitoring of horizontal deceleration. We feel these considerations could lead to new developments in injury-mitigation and physical development strategies in team sports.
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12
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Miller P, Brinkmann DJ, Ramsenthaler C, Gollhofer A, Gehring D. Mind your step: predicting maximum ankle inversion during cutting movements in soccer. Sports Biomech 2021:1-15. [PMID: 34515622 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1974533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to identify parameters at initial contact that would predict the subsequent maximum ankle inversion angle during cutting movements. We conducted a secondary data analysis and calculated kinematics of 1,400 cuttings performed by 46 male soccer athletes. The movement task consisted of an approach run, followed by a pre-planned cutting movement. A linear mixed regression model was applied to predict the maximum ankle inversion angle during the first 100 ms of ground contact. The prediction was made based on six predictors that describe change-of-direction intensity and foot placement as found to be relevant in the literature. The model explained 62% of the variance of maximum ankle inversion angles. A change of the main predictors (foot rotation, cutting angle and initial ankle inversion) by 1 SD caused a reduction of the subsequent maximum ankle inversion angle by 2.6-4.4°. Regarding the intensity of a change-of-direction movement, cutting angle seems to have a higher influence on maximum ankle inversion angle than approach velocity. With respect to the individual foot positioning, the maximum ankle inversion angle can be reduced by increasing exorotation and eversion of the foot while shifting towards forefoot landing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Miller
- Department of Sport and Sports Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel J Brinkmann
- Department of Sport and Sports Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Albert Gollhofer
- Department of Sport and Sports Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominic Gehring
- Department of Sport and Sports Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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13
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14
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Harper DJ, Cohen DD, Rhodes D, Carling C, Kiely J. Drop jump neuromuscular performance qualities associated with maximal horizontal deceleration ability in team sport athletes. Eur J Sport Sci 2021; 22:1005-1016. [PMID: 34006201 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1930195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between, and within, drop jump (DJ) neuromuscular performance (NMP) qualities and maximal horizontal deceleration ability. We also compared DJ NMP qualities in "high" versus "low" horizontal deceleration ability athletes. Twenty-nine university athletes performed: (1) DJs on force plates from 20 (DJ20) and 40 cm (DJ40) heights and (2) maximal horizontal deceleration, measured using radar, following a 20 m acceleration. Maximal horizontal deceleration was evaluated using deceleration (HDEC; m·s-2), across the entire deceleration phase and during early and late deceleration sub-phases. Of the DJ variables assessed, DJ20 and DJ40 reactive strength index (RSI) and concentric mean force had the largest correlations with HDEC (r = -0.54 to -0.61) and the largest differences between high and low HDEC groups (d = 1.20 to 1.40). These correlations were stronger with the early than late HDEC sub-phase (r = -0.54 to -0.66 vs. r = -0.24 to -0.40). Notably, eccentric mean force in DJ40 had large correlations with both DJ20 and DJ40 concentric mean force (r = 0.67 to 0.77), whereas at DJ20 these correlations were small (r = 0.22 to 0.40). Similarly, DJ40 eccentric mean force had a much larger difference between the high and low HDEC groups than DJ20 (d = 1.11 vs. 0.51). These findings suggest DJ RSI from either height may be used as a proxy for HDEC ability, while DJ kinetic analyses should use a higher height to distinguish those with a better capacity to generate eccentric braking forces under increased eccentric loading demands.HIGHLIGHTS Players with greater drop jump reactive strength index (RSI) demonstrated superior horizontal deceleration ability.Drop jump RSI had a greater association with the early compared to the late horizontal deceleration sub-phase.Of the drop jump kinetic variables examined, concentric mean force had the largest associations with horizontal deceleration ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian J Harper
- Institute of Coaching and Performance, School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Daniel D Cohen
- Masira Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.,Sports Science Centre (CCD), Colombian Ministry of Sport (Mindeporte), Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - David Rhodes
- Institute of Coaching and Performance, School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | | | - John Kiely
- Institute of Coaching and Performance, School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
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15
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Dos'Santos T, Thomas C, McBurnie A, Comfort P, Jones PA. Biomechanical Determinants of Performance and Injury Risk During Cutting: A Performance-Injury Conflict? Sports Med 2021; 51:1983-1998. [PMID: 33811615 PMCID: PMC8363537 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most cutting biomechanical studies investigate performance and knee joint load determinants independently. This is surprising because cutting is an important action linked to performance and non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cutting biomechanics and cutting performance (completion time, ground contact time [GCT], exit velocity) and surrogates of non-contact ACL injury risk (knee abduction [KAM] and internal rotation [KIRM] moments) during 90° cutting. DESIGN Mixed, cross-sectional study following an associative design. 61 males from multidirectional sports performed six 90° pre-planned cutting trials, whereby lower-limb and trunk kinetics and kinematics were evaluated using three-dimensional (3D) motion and ground reaction force analysis over the penultimate (PFC) and final foot contact (FFC). Pearson's and Spearman's correlations were used to explore the relationships between biomechanical variables and cutting performance and injury risk variables. Stepwise regression analysis was also performed. RESULTS Faster cutting performance was associated (p ≤ 0.05) with greater centre of mass (COM) velocities at key instances of the cut (r or ρ = 0.533-0.752), greater peak and mean propulsive forces (r or ρ = 0.449-0.651), shorter FFC GCTs (r or ρ = 0.569-0.581), greater FFC and PFC braking forces (r = 0.430-0.551), smaller hip and knee flexion range of motion (r or ρ = 0.406-0.670), greater knee flexion moments (KFMs) (r = 0.482), and greater internal foot progression angles (r = - 0.411). Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that exit velocity, peak resultant propulsive force, PFC mean horizontal braking force, and initial foot progression angle together could explain 64% (r = 0.801, adjusted 61.6%, p = 0.048) of the variation in completion time. Greater peak KAMs were associated with greater COM velocities at key instances of the cut (r or ρ = - 0.491 to - 0.551), greater peak knee abduction angles (KAA) (r = - 0.468), and greater FFC braking forces (r = 0.434-0.497). Incidentally, faster completion times were associated with greater peak KAMs (r = - 0.412) and KIRMs (r = 0.539). Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that FFC mean vertical braking force and peak KAA together could explain 43% (r = 0.652, adjusted 40.6%, p < 0.001) of the variation peak KAM. CONCLUSION Techniques and mechanics associated with faster cutting (i.e. faster COM velocities, greater FFC braking forces in short GCTs, greater KFMs, smaller hip and knee flexion, and greater internal foot progression angles) are in direct conflict with safer cutting mechanics (i.e. reduced knee joint loading, thus ACL injury risk), and support the "performance-injury conflict" concept during cutting. Practitioners should be conscious of this conflict when instructing cutting techniques to optimise performance while minimising knee joint loading, and should, therefore, ensure that their athletes have the physical capacity (i.e. neuromuscular control, co-contraction, and rapid force production) to tolerate and support the knee joint loading during cutting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dos'Santos
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, All Saints Building, Manchester Campus John Dalton Building, Manchester Campus, Manchester, M15 6BH, UK. .,Human Performance Laboratory, Directorate of Sport, Exercise, and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK.
| | - Christopher Thomas
- Human Performance Laboratory, Directorate of Sport, Exercise, and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | | | - Paul Comfort
- Human Performance Laboratory, Directorate of Sport, Exercise, and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Paul A Jones
- Human Performance Laboratory, Directorate of Sport, Exercise, and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
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16
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Harper DJ, Jordan AR, Kiely J. Relationships Between Eccentric and Concentric Knee Strength Capacities and Maximal Linear Deceleration Ability in Male Academy Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:465-472. [PMID: 29995690 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Harper, DJ, Jordan, AR, and Kiely, J. Relationships between eccentric and concentric knee strength capacities and maximal linear deceleration ability in male academy soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 465-472, 2021-The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between maximal linear deceleration ability, and knee flexor (KF) and knee extensor (KE) strength. Fourteen male academy soccer players completed a 30-m linear sprint, a maximal linear deceleration test, and eccentric and concentric KF and KE contractions in both dominant leg (DL) and nondominant leg (NDL) at slower (60°·s-1) and faster (180°·s-1) angular velocities on an isokinetic dynamometer. Maximal linear deceleration ability was evaluated using distance-to-stop (DEC-DTS) and time-to-stop (DEC-TTS), with isokinetic peak torque representing KF and KE strength capacity. Relationships were established using Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) with magnitude-based inferences used to describe the uncertainty in the correlation. Both concentric KE and KF strength at 180°·s-1 in the NDL had the highest correlations with deceleration ability (r = -0.76 and r = -0.78, respectively). In the DL, concentric KE and KF strength at 180°·s-1 also had very likely large correlations with deceleration ability (r = -0.54 and -0.55, respectively). All correlations between eccentric KF strength and deceleration ability were unclear. At 180°·s-1, correlations between eccentric KE strength and deceleration ability were also unclear; however, at 60°·s-1, both DL (r = -0.63 to -0.64) and NDL (r = -0.54 to -0.55) had very likely large correlations with deceleration ability. These findings provide novel insights into the unilateral KF and KE strength capacities underpinning the ability to decelerate rapidly from high-sprint velocities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian J Harper
- School of Sport, York St John University, York, United Kingdom ; and
- Institute of Coaching and Performance, School of Sport and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair R Jordan
- School of Sport, York St John University, York, United Kingdom ; and
| | - John Kiely
- Institute of Coaching and Performance, School of Sport and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
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17
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Validity of an Inertial Measurement Unit System to Assess Lower-limb Kinematics during a Maximal Linear Deceleration. CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.18276/cej.2021.1-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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18
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Sports medicine: bespoke player management. Digit Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818914-6.00021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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19
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Dos’Santos T, Thomas C, Jones PA. How early should you brake during a 180° turn? A kinetic comparison of the antepenultimate, penultimate, and final foot contacts during a 505 change of direction speed test. J Sports Sci 2020; 39:395-405. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1823130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dos’Santos
- Human Performance Laboratory, Directorate of Sport, Exercise, and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher Thomas
- Human Performance Laboratory, Directorate of Sport, Exercise, and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Paul A. Jones
- Human Performance Laboratory, Directorate of Sport, Exercise, and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
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20
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Eustace SJ, Page RM, Greig M. Angle-Specific Isokinetic Metrics Highlight Strength Training Needs of Elite Youth Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:3258-3265. [PMID: 33105378 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Eustace, SJ, Page, RM, and Greig, M. angle specific isokinetic metrics highlight strength training needs of elite youth soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3258-3265, 2020-The purpose of this study was to assess traditional and angle-specific isokinetic strength of eccentric knee flexors (eccKFs) and concentric knee extensors (conKEs) between senior professional and youth soccer players. Thirty-four male soccer players (17 senior and 17 youth) were recruited for bilateral assessments at 180, 270, and 60°·s. Peak torque (PT), dynamic control ratio (DCR), angle of peak torque (APT), functional range (FR), angle-specific torque (AST), and angle-specific DCR (DCRAST) were compared. The eccentric knee flexor (eccKF) and conKE PT (p = 0.782) and DCR (p = 0.508) were not different between groups across all angular velocities. Significant differences were identified for eccKF APT (p = 0.018) and FR (p = 0.006), DCRAST at 270°·s (p = 0.031), and in AST data recorded across angular velocities for eccKF and conKE (p = 0.003). Traditional strength measures were not sensitive to playing age, with implications for misinterpretation in training prescription. By contrast, AST data did differentiate between ages. Strength deficits that highlight the muscle contraction type, angular velocity, and joint angle can be manipulated within an individualized training intervention. Given the relevance to injury etiology, this study highlights potential implications for improved assessment strategies to inform training prescription for performance and injury prevention. Given the high number of injuries in adolescent soccer players, and in line with previous recommendations, practitioners should consider using more informed and specific strength and conditioning practices at younger ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Eustace
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Sports Injury Research Group, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
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21
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The Influence of Playing Surface on the Loading Response to Soccer-Specific Activity. J Sport Rehabil 2020; 29:1166-1170. [PMID: 32028255 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2019-0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The influence of playing surface on injury risk in soccer is contentious, and contemporary technologies permit an in vivo assessment of mechanical loading on the player. OBJECTIVE To quantify the influence of playing surface on the PlayerLoad elicited during soccer-specific activity. DESIGN Repeated measures, field-based design. SETTING Regulation soccer pitches. PARTICIPANTS Fifteen amateur soccer players (22.1 [2.4] y), injury free with ≥6 years competitive experience. INTERVENTIONS Each player completed randomized order trials of a soccer-specific field test on natural turf, astroturf, and third-generation artificial turf. GPS units were located at C7 and the mid-tibia of each leg to measure triaxial acceleration (100 Hz). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Total accumulated PlayerLoad in each movement plane was calculated for each trial. Ratings of perceived exertion and visual analog scales assessing lower-limb muscle soreness were measured as markers of fatigue. RESULTS Analysis of variance revealed no significant main effect for playing surface on total PlayerLoad (P = .55), distance covered (P = .75), or postexercise measures of ratings of perceived exertion (P = .98) and visual analog scales (P = .61). There was a significant main effect for GPS location (P < .001), with lower total loading elicited at C7 than mid-tibia (P < .001), but with no difference between limbs (P = .70). There was no unit placement × surface interaction (P = .98). There was also a significant main effect for GPS location on the relative planar contributions to loading (P < .001). Relative planar contributions to loading in the anterioposterior:mediolateral:vertical planes was 25:27:48 at C7 and 34:32:34 at mid-tibia. CONCLUSIONS PlayerLoad metrics suggest that playing surface does not influence mechanical loading during soccer-specific activity (not including tackling). Clinical reasoning should consider that PlayerLoad magnitude and axial contributions were sensitive to unit placement, highlighting opportunities in the objective monitoring of load during rehabilitation.
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22
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Dos'Santos T, McBurnie A, Thomas C, Comfort P, Jones PA. Biomechanical Determinants of the Modified and Traditional 505 Change of Direction Speed Test. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:1285-1296. [PMID: 31868815 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dos'Santos, T, McBurnie, A, Thomas, C, Comfort, P, and Jones, PA. Biomechanical determinants of the modified and traditional 505 change of direction speed test. J Strength Cond Res 34(5): 1285-1296, 2020-The aim of this study was to investigate the whole-body biomechanical determinants of 180° change of direction (COD) performance. Sixty-one male athletes (age: 20.7 ± 3.8 years, height: 1.77 ± 0.06 m, mass: 74.7 ± 10.0 kg) from multiple sports (soccer, rugby, and cricket) completed 6 trials of the modified and traditional 505 on their right leg, whereby 3D motion and ground reaction force data were collected during the COD. Pearson's and Spearman's correlations were used to explore the relationships between biomechanical variables and COD completion time. Independent t-tests and Hedges' g effect sizes were conducted between faster (top 20) and slower (bottom 20) performers to explore differences in biomechanical variables. Key kinetic and kinematic differences were demonstrated between faster and slower performers with statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) and meaningful differences (g = 0.56-2.70) observed. Faster COD performers displayed greater peak and mean horizontal propulsive forces (PF) in shorter ground contact times, more horizontally orientated peak resultant braking and PFs, greater horizontal to vertical mean and peak braking and PF ratios, greater approach velocities, and displayed greater reductions in velocity over key instances of the COD. In addition, faster performers displayed greater penultimate foot contact (PFC) hip, knee, and ankle dorsi-flexion angles, greater medial trunk lean, and greater internal pelvic and foot rotation. These aforementioned variables were also moderately to very largely (r or ρ = 0.317-0.795, p ≤ 0.013) associated with faster COD performance. Consequently, practitioners should focus not only on developing their athletes' ability to express force rapidly, but also develop their technical ability to apply force horizontally. In addition, practitioners should consider coaching a 180° turning strategy that emphasizes high PFC triple flexion for center of mass lowering while also encouraging whole-body rotation to effectively align the body toward the exit for faster performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dos'Santos
- Human Performance Laboratory, Sport, Exercise, and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
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23
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The Influence of Soccer Playing Surface on the Loading Response to Ankle (P)Rehabilitation Exercises. J Sport Rehabil 2020; 30:105-111. [PMID: 32235001 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2019-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Contemporary synthetic playing surfaces have been associated with an increased risk of ankle injury in the various types of football. Triaxial accelerometers facilitate in vivo assessment of planar mechanical loading on the player. OBJECTIVE To quantify the influence of playing surface on the PlayerLoad elicited during footwork and plyometric drills focused on the mechanism of ankle injury. DESIGN Repeated-measures, field-based design. SETTING Regulation soccer pitches. PARTICIPANTS A total of 15 amateur soccer players (22.1 [2.4] y), injury free with ≥6 years competitive experience. INTERVENTIONS Each player completed a test battery comprising 3 footwork drills (anterior, lateral, and diagonal) and 4 plyometric drills (anterior hop, inversion hop, eversion hop, and diagonal hop) on natural turf (NT), third-generation artificial turf (3G), and AstroTurf. Global positioning system sensors were located at C7 and the mid-tibia of each leg to measure triaxial acceleration (100 Hz). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES PlayerLoad in each axial plane was calculated for each drill on each surface and at each global positioning system location. RESULTS Analysis of variance revealed a significant main effect for sensor location in all drills, with PlayerLoad higher at mid-tibia than at C7 in all movement planes. AstroTurf elicited significantly higher PlayerLoad in the mediolateral and anteroposterior planes, with typically no difference between NT and 3G. In isolated inversion and eversion hopping trials, the 3G surface also elicited lower PlayerLoad than NT. CONCLUSIONS PlayerLoad magnitude was sensitive to unit placement, advocating measurement with greater anatomical relevance when using microelectromechanical systems technology to monitor training or rehabilitation load. AstroTurf elicited higher PlayerLoad across all planes and drills and should be avoided for rehabilitative purposes, whereas 3G elicited a similar mechanical response to NT.
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24
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Marques JB, Paul DJ, Graham-Smith P, Read PJ. Change of Direction Assessment Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Review of Current Practice and Considerations to Enhance Practical Application. Sports Med 2020; 50:55-72. [PMID: 31531768 PMCID: PMC6942029 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Change of direction (CoD) has been indicated as a key mechanism in the occurrence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury during invasion sports. Despite these associations, assessments of knee function in athletic populations at the time of return to sport following ACL reconstruction (ACLr) have often focused on strength and single-leg hop tests, with a paucity of evidence to describe the CoD characteristics. Therefore, the aim of this narrative review was to describe the movement strategies exhibited following ACLr during CoD tasks and to critically analyze the range of tests that have been used. Specifically, we examined their ability to identify between-limb deficits and individuals who display a heightened risk of secondary injury and/or reductions in their level of pre-injury performance. MEDLINE, PubMed and SPORT Discuss databases were used and 13 articles were identified that met the inclusion criteria. Examination of the available literature indicates that current field-based practices are not representative of relevant sport demands and are unable to effectively assess knee function following ACLr. Laboratory-based studies have identified residual deficits and altered movement strategies at the time of return to sport, and this in part may be related to risk of re-injury. However, these assessments exhibit inherent limitations and are not practically viable for monitoring progress during rehabilitation. Consequently, alternative solutions that are more-aligned with the multitude of factors occurring during CoD maneuvers in chaotic sports environments are warranted to allow practitioners to 'bridge the gap' between the laboratory and the sports field/court. This approach may facilitate a more informed decision-making process with the end goal being, a heightened 'return to performance' and a lower risk of re-injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Beleboni Marques
- Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Sports City Street, Al Waab, Beverly Hills Garden 14, Villa 30, P.O. Box 29222, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Darren James Paul
- Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Sports City Street, Al Waab, Beverly Hills Garden 14, Villa 30, P.O. Box 29222, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Paul James Read
- Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Sports City Street, Al Waab, Beverly Hills Garden 14, Villa 30, P.O. Box 29222, Doha, Qatar
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Harper DJ, Carling C, Kiely J. High-Intensity Acceleration and Deceleration Demands in Elite Team Sports Competitive Match Play: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Sports Med 2019; 49:1923-1947. [PMID: 31506901 PMCID: PMC6851047 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The external movement loads imposed on players during competitive team sports are commonly measured using global positioning system devices. Information gleaned from analyses is employed to calibrate physical conditioning and injury prevention strategies with the external loads imposed during match play. Intense accelerations and decelerations are considered particularly important indicators of external load. However, to date, no prior meta-analysis has compared high and very high intensity acceleration and deceleration demands in elite team sports during competitive match play. OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to quantify and compare high and very high intensity acceleration vs. deceleration demands occurring during competitive match play in elite team sport contexts. METHODS A systematic review of four electronic databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science) was conducted to identify peer-reviewed articles published between January 2010 and April 2018 that had reported higher intensity (> 2.5 m·s-2) accelerations and decelerations concurrently in elite team sports competitive match play. A Boolean search phrase was developed using key words synonymous to team sports (population), acceleration and deceleration (comparators) and match play (outcome). Articles only eligible for meta-analysis were those that reported either or both high (> 2.5 m·s-2) and very high (> 3.5 m·s-2) intensity accelerations and decelerations concurrently using global positioning system devices (sampling rate: ≥ 5 Hz) during elite able-bodied (mean age: ≥ 18 years) team sports competitive match play (match time: ≥ 75%). Separate inverse random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to compare: (1) standardised mean differences (SMDs) in the frequency of high and very high intensity accelerations and decelerations occurring during match play, and (2) SMDs of temporal changes in high and very high intensity accelerations and decelerations across first and second half periods of match play. Using recent guidelines recommended for the collection, processing and reporting of global positioning system data, a checklist was produced to help inform a judgement about the methodological limitations (risk of detection bias) aligned to 'data collection', 'data processing' and 'normative profile' for each eligible study. For each study, each outcome was rated as either 'low', 'unclear' or 'high' risk of bias. RESULTS A total of 19 studies met the eligibility criteria, comprising seven team sports including American Football (n = 1), Australian Football (n = 2), hockey (n = 1), rugby league (n = 4), rugby sevens (n = 3), rugby union (n = 2) and soccer (n = 6) with a total of 469 male participants (mean age: 18-29 years). Analysis showed only American Football reported a greater frequency of high (SMD = 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-1.43) and very high (SMD = 0.19; 95% CI - 0.42 to 0.80) intensity accelerations compared to decelerations. All other sports had a greater frequency of high and very high intensity decelerations compared to accelerations, with soccer demonstrating the greatest difference for both the high (SMD = - 1.74; 95% CI - 1.28 to - 2.21) and very high (SMD = - 3.19; 95% CI - 2.05 to - 4.33) intensity categories. When examining the temporal changes from the first to the second half periods of match play, there was a small decrease in both the frequency of high and very high intensity accelerations (SMD = 0.50 and 0.49, respectively) and decelerations (SMD = 0.42 and 0.46, respectively). The greatest risk of bias (40% 'high' risk of bias) observed across studies was in the 'data collection' procedures. The lowest risk of bias (35% 'low' risk of bias) was found in the development of a 'normative profile'. CONCLUSIONS To ensure that elite players are optimally prepared for the high-intensity accelerations and decelerations imposed during competitive match play, it is imperative that players are exposed to comparable demands under controlled training conditions. The results of this meta-analysis, accordingly, can inform practical training designs. Finally, guidelines and recommendations for conducting future research, using global positioning system devices, are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian J Harper
- School of Sport, York St John University, Lord Mayors Walk, York, YO31 7EX, UK.
- Institute of Coaching and Performance, School of Sport and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK.
| | - Christopher Carling
- Institute of Coaching and Performance, School of Sport and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - John Kiely
- Institute of Coaching and Performance, School of Sport and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
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Loturco I, Bishop C, Freitas TT, Pereira LA, Jeffreys I. Vertical Force Production in Soccer: Mechanical Aspects and Applied Training Strategies. Strength Cond J 2019. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Ashton J, Jones PA. The Reliability of Using a Laser Device to Assess Deceleration Ability. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:sports7080191. [PMID: 31404965 PMCID: PMC6722586 DOI: 10.3390/sports7080191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An important component of change of direction speed is the ability to decelerate. Objective methods to examine this quality have been rarely reported in the literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the within- and between-session reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV), standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable difference (SDD)) of using a laser Doppler device (LAVEG—LAser VElocity Guard) to quantify deceleration ability in 20 amateur rugby union players. Each player performed one familiarisation and two experimental sessions (seven days apart) consisting of three maximal 15 m sprints from a standing start, with an immediate deceleration to a complete stop upon hearing an audible cue at the 15 m mark. Deceleration was evaluated by determining the distance required to decelerate to 75%, 50%, 25% and 0% (‘stopping distance’) of the velocity achieved at 15 m of the maximal sprint. Within-session relative reliability was moderate to good (ICC = 0.64–0.83) with borderline acceptable variation (CVs = 10.51%–16.71%) across all variables. Between-session reliability reported good to excellent relative reliability (ICC = 0.79–0.93) with acceptable absolute reliability, particularly for stopping distance (SEM: 6.54%; SDD: 9.11%). The assessment shows promise as a method to quantify deceleration ability in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonty Ashton
- Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Paul A Jones
- School of Health & Society, Directorate of Psychology and Sport, University of Salford, Salford M6 6PU, UK.
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28
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Zago M, Sforza C, Dolci C, Tarabini M, Galli M. Use of Machine Learning and Wearable Sensors to Predict Energetics and Kinematics of Cutting Maneuvers. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19143094. [PMID: 31336997 PMCID: PMC6679305 DOI: 10.3390/s19143094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Changes of directions and cutting maneuvers, including 180-degree turns, are common locomotor actions in team sports, implying high mechanical load. While the mechanics and neurophysiology of turns have been extensively studied in laboratory conditions, modern inertial measurement units allow us to monitor athletes directly on the field. In this study, we applied four supervised machine learning techniques (linear regression, support vector regression/machine, boosted decision trees and artificial neural networks) to predict turn direction, speed (before/after turn) and the related positive/negative mechanical work. Reference values were computed using an optical motion capture system. We collected data from 13 elite female soccer players performing a shuttle run test, wearing a six-axes inertial sensor at the pelvis level. A set of 18 features (predictors) were obtained from accelerometers, gyroscopes and barometer readings. Turn direction classification returned good results (accuracy > 98.4%) with all methods. Support vector regression and neural networks obtained the best performance in the estimation of positive/negative mechanical work (coefficient of determination R2 = 0.42-0.43, mean absolute error = 1.14-1.41 J) and running speed before/after the turns (R2 = 0.66-0.69, mean absolute error = 0.15-018 m/s). Although models can be extended to different angles, we showed that meaningful information on turn kinematics and energetics can be obtained from inertial units with a data-driven approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Zago
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
- Fondazione Istituto Farmacologico Filippo Serpero, 20159 Milano, Italy.
- E4Sport Lab, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Chiarella Sforza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Claudia Dolci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Tarabini
- E4Sport Lab, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Meccanica, Politecnico di Milano, 20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Manuela Galli
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
- E4Sport Lab, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
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McBurnie AJ, DosʼSantos T, Jones PA. Biomechanical Associates of Performance and Knee Joint Loads During A 70-90° Cutting Maneuver in Subelite Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 35:3190-3198. [PMID: 31268990 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
McBurnie, AJ, Dos'Santos, T, Jones, PA. Biomechanical associates of performance and knee joint loads during a 70-90° cutting maneuver in subelite soccer players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2019-The aim of this study was to explore the "performance-injury risk" conflict during cutting, by examining whole-body joint kinematics and kinetics that are responsible for faster change-of-direction (COD) performance of a cutting task in soccer players, and to determine whether these factors relate to peak external multiplanar knee moments. 34 male soccer players (age: 20 ± 3.2 years; body mass: 73.5 ± 9.2 kg; height: 1.77 ± 0.06 m) were recruited to investigate the relationships between COD kinetics and kinematics with performance and multiplanar knee joint moments during cutting. Three-dimensional motion data using 10 Qualisys Oqus 7 infrared cameras (240 Hz) and ground reaction force data from 2 AMTI force platforms (1,200 Hz) were collected to analyze the penultimate foot contact and final foot contact (FFC). Pearson's or Spearman's correlations coefficients revealed performance time (PT), peak external knee abduction moment (KAM), and peak external knee rotation moment (KRM) were all significantly related (p < 0.05) to horizontal approach velocity (PT: ρ = -0.579; peak KAM: ρ = 0.414; peak KRM: R = -0.568) and FFC peak hip flexor moment (PT: ρ = 0.418; peak KAM: ρ = -0.624; peak KRM: ρ = 0.517). Performance time was also significantly (p < 0.01) associated with horizontal exit velocity (ρ = -0.451) and, notably, multiplanar knee joint loading (peak KAM: ρ = -0.590; peak KRM: ρ = 0.525; peak KFM: ρ = -0.509). Cohen's d effect sizes (d) revealed that faster performers demonstrated significantly greater (p < 0.05; d = 1.1-1.7) multiplanar knee joint loading, as well as significantly greater (p < 0.05; d = 0.9-1.2) FFC peak hip flexor moments, PFC average horizontal GRFs, and peak knee adduction angles. To conclude, mechanics associated with faster cutting performance seem to be "at odds" with lower multiplanar knee joint loads. This highlights the potential performance-injury conflict present during cutting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair J McBurnie
- Human Performance Laboratory, Directorate of Sport, Exercise, and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
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Yandun F, Auat Cheein FA, Lorca D, Acevedo O, Auat Cheein C. Design and evaluation of sound-based electronic football soccer training system for visually impaired athletes. Biomed Eng Online 2019; 18:76. [PMID: 31234912 PMCID: PMC6591927 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-019-0695-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several countries encourage the practice of football for rehabilitation and social inclusion purposes. For visually impaired people, football is purely sound-based, where the ball and the players are constantly emitting sounds for localization purposes in the field. However, the task of shooting the ball requires of a non-visually impaired extra person, behind the goal (known as caller), whom is punching the four corner of such goal to help the athletes. The presence of the caller restricts the self-sufficiency of the players. This work addresses such problem, by presenting a goal for visually impaired players with the aim of enhancing their self-sufficiency. Materials and methods The electronic goal is designed with four functionalities for training purposes, by returning sound-based feedback of its position and the places where the ball has impacted. The system is validated with seven volunteers from Chilean Football Soccer National Team. A questionnaire was answered by the players before and after the tests to statically validate the proposed device. Results The presented system is portable and designed following a modular criterion suitable for visually impaired people self-assembling. From a test of 350 shootings, the electronic goal showed to enhance the shooting assertiveness from 82 to 92%, and the accuracy from 20 to 56% compared to the traditional caller. Conclusions The electronic goal showed to enhance the self-sufficiency of athletes, by improving their assertiveness in shooting training. Nevertheless, and according to the responses to the questionnaires, the system needs improvements in its portability and handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Yandun
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Fernando A Auat Cheein
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaiso, Chile.
| | - Daniela Lorca
- Facultad de Arquitectura, Universiad de Valparaíso, Blanco 951, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Omar Acevedo
- Facultad de Arquitectura, Universiad de Valparaíso, Blanco 951, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Cecilia Auat Cheein
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
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Eustace SJ, Page RM, Greig M. Isokinetic strength differences between elite senior and youth female soccer players identifies training requirements. Phys Ther Sport 2019; 39:45-51. [PMID: 31254916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare traditional and angle-specific isokinetic strength of eccentric knee flexors and concentric knee extensors in female senior professional and youth soccer players. DESIGN Cross-sectional study design. SETTING University's Laboratory. PARTICIPANTS A total of 34 players (17 seniors [age 25.31 ± 4.51 years; height 167.89 ± 7.04 cm; mass 63.12 ± 7.79 kg] and 17 youths [16.91 ± 1.16 years; height 165.92 ± 4.42 cm; mass 60.07 ± 4.48 kg]) from the Women's Super League 1 completed strength assessments at 180, 270 and 60°∙s-1. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Peak torque (PT), dynamic control ratio (DCR), angle of peak torque (APT), functional range (FR), angle-specific torque (AST) and angle-specific DCR (DCRAST) were compared between age groups. RESULTS The PT (P = 0.016) AST (P = 0.041) were significantly higher in seniors compared to youths; however APT (P = 0.141), DCR (P = 0.524) FR (P = 0.821) and DCRAST (P = 0.053) were not significant between playing age. CONCLUSION The use of absolute and angle-specific strength measures were able to distinguish between female playing ages, whereas DCR and DCRAST was unable to identify differences. The PT and AST metrics may be the most useful metrics to help identify and inform training needs, particularly in youths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven James Eustace
- School of Life Sciences Science & Health Building, Coventry University, 20 Whitefriars Street, Coventry, CV1 2DS, United Kingdom; Sports Injuries Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, St Helens Road, Ormskirk, L39 4QP, United Kingdom.
| | - Richard Michael Page
- Sports Injuries Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, St Helens Road, Ormskirk, L39 4QP, United Kingdom.
| | - Matt Greig
- Sports Injuries Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, St Helens Road, Ormskirk, L39 4QP, United Kingdom.
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The effect of limb dominance on change of direction biomechanics: A systematic review of its importance for injury risk. Phys Ther Sport 2019; 37:179-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Dos'Santos T, Thomas C, Comfort P, Jones PA. Role of the Penultimate Foot Contact During Change of Direction: Implications on Performance and Risk of Injury. Strength Cond J 2019. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Dos'Santos T, Thomas C, Comfort P, Jones PA. The Effect of Angle and Velocity on Change of Direction Biomechanics: An Angle-Velocity Trade-Off. Sports Med 2018; 48:2235-2253. [PMID: 30094799 PMCID: PMC6132493 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0968-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Changes of direction (CODs) are key manoeuvres linked to decisive moments in sport and are also key actions associated with lower limb injuries. During sport athletes perform a diverse range of CODs, from various approach velocities and angles, thus the ability to change direction safely and quickly is of great interest. To our knowledge, a comprehensive review examining the influence of angle and velocity on change of direction (COD) biomechanics does not exist. Findings of previous research indicate the biomechanical demands of CODs are 'angle' and 'velocity' dependent and are both critical factors that affect the technical execution of directional changes, deceleration and reacceleration requirements, knee joint loading, and lower limb muscle activity. Thus, these two factors regulate the progression and regression in COD intensity. Specifically, faster and sharper CODs elevate the relative risk of injury due to the greater associative knee joint loading; however, faster and sharper directional changes are key manoeuvres for successful performance in multidirectional sport, which subsequently creates a 'performance-injury conflict' for practitioners and athletes. This conflict, however, may be mediated by an athlete's physical capacity (i.e. ability to rapidly produce force and neuromuscular control). Furthermore, an 'angle-velocity trade-off' exists during CODs, whereby faster approaches compromise the execution of the intended COD; this is influenced by an athlete's physical capacity. Therefore, practitioners and researchers should acknowledge and understand the implications of angle and velocity on COD biomechanics when: (1) interpreting biomechanical research; (2) coaching COD technique; (3) designing and prescribing COD training and injury reduction programs; (4) conditioning athletes to tolerate the physical demands of directional changes; (5) screening COD technique; and (6) progressing and regressing COD intensity, specifically when working with novice or previously injured athletes rehabilitating from an injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dos'Santos
- Human Performance Laboratory, Directorate of Sport, Exercise, and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK.
| | - Christopher Thomas
- Human Performance Laboratory, Directorate of Sport, Exercise, and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
- School of Health, Sport and Professional Practice, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, Wales, UK
| | - Paul Comfort
- Human Performance Laboratory, Directorate of Sport, Exercise, and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Paul A Jones
- Human Performance Laboratory, Directorate of Sport, Exercise, and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
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Grainger A, McMahon JJ, Comfort P. Assessing the frequency and magnitude of match impacts accrued during an elite rugby union playing season. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2018.1496392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Grainger
- Institute of Sport and Health, Univeristy College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John James McMahon
- School of Health Sciences, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, England
| | - Paul Comfort
- School of Health Sciences, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, England
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Tang R, Murtagh C, Warrington G, Cable T, Morgan O, O'Boyle A, Burgess D, Morgans R, Drust B. Directional Change Mediates the Physiological Response to High-Intensity Shuttle Running in Professional Soccer Players. Sports (Basel) 2018; 6:E39. [PMID: 29910343 PMCID: PMC6026794 DOI: 10.3390/sports6020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence that different frequencies of deceleration and acceleration actions had on the physiological demands in professional soccer players. Thirteen players were monitored via microelectromechanical devices during shuttle running protocols which involved one, three, or seven 180 degree directional changes. Heart rate exertion (HRE) (1.1 ± 0.7) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) (5 ± 1) were significantly higher for the protocol which included seven directional changes when compared to the protocols which included one (HRE 0.5 ± 0.3, ES = 1.1, RPE 3 ± 0, ES = 2.7) or three (HRE 0.5 ± 0.2, ES = 1.1, RPE 3 ± 1, ES = 1.9) directional changes (p < 0.05). The gravitational force (g-force) as measured through accelerometry (ACC) also showed a similar trend when comparing the seven (8628.2 ± 1630.4 g) to the one (5888.6 ± 1159.1 g, ES = 1.9) or three (6526.9 ± 1257.6 g, ES = 1.4) directional change protocols (p < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that increasing the frequency of decelerations and accelerations at a high intensity running (HIR) speed alters the movement demands and elevates the physiological responses in professional players. This data has implications for the monitoring of physical performance and implementation of training drills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy Tang
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Conall Murtagh
- Liverpool Football Club, Melwood training ground, Liverpool L12 8SY, UK.
| | - Giles Warrington
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX Ireland.
| | - Tim Cable
- Sport Science Department, Aspire Academy, P.O. Box 23833 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Oliver Morgan
- Liverpool Football Club, Melwood training ground, Liverpool L12 8SY, UK.
| | - Andrew O'Boyle
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Darren Burgess
- Arsenal Football Club, Arsenal training centre, London Colney AL2 1DR, UK.
| | - Ryland Morgans
- Everton Football Club, USM Finch Farm training ground, Liverpool L26 3UE, UK.
| | - Barry Drust
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
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Trends Supporting the In-Field Use of Wearable Inertial Sensors for Sport Performance Evaluation: A Systematic Review. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18030873. [PMID: 29543747 PMCID: PMC5877384 DOI: 10.3390/s18030873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent technological developments have led to the production of inexpensive, non-invasive, miniature magneto-inertial sensors, ideal for obtaining sport performance measures during training or competition. This systematic review evaluates current evidence and the future potential of their use in sport performance evaluation. Articles published in English (April 2017) were searched in Web-of-Science, Scopus, Pubmed, and Sport-Discus databases. A keyword search of titles, abstracts and keywords which included studies using accelerometers, gyroscopes and/or magnetometers to analyse sport motor-tasks performed by athletes (excluding risk of injury, physical activity, and energy expenditure) resulted in 2040 papers. Papers and reference list screening led to the selection of 286 studies and 23 reviews. Information on sport, motor-tasks, participants, device characteristics, sensor position and fixing, experimental setting and performance indicators was extracted. The selected papers dealt with motor capacity assessment (51 papers), technique analysis (163), activity classification (19), and physical demands assessment (61). Focus was placed mainly on elite and sub-elite athletes (59%) performing their sport in-field during training (62%) and competition (7%). Measuring movement outdoors created opportunities in winter sports (8%), water sports (16%), team sports (25%), and other outdoor activities (27%). Indications on the reliability of sensor-based performance indicators are provided, together with critical considerations and future trends.
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Eustace SJ, Page RM, Greig M. Contemporary approaches to isokinetic strength assessments in professional football players. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2017.1371851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven James Eustace
- Sports Injury Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Richard Michael Page
- Sports Injury Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Matt Greig
- Sports Injury Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
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Jones PA, Herrington L, Graham-Smith P. Braking characteristics during cutting and pivoting in female soccer players. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2016; 30:46-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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40
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Jones PA, Herrington LC, Graham-Smith P. Technique determinants of knee joint loads during cutting in female soccer players. Hum Mov Sci 2015; 42:203-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ramírez-Campillo R, Vergara-Pedreros M, Henríquez-Olguín C, Martínez-Salazar C, Alvarez C, Nakamura FY, De La Fuente CI, Caniuqueo A, Alonso-Martinez AM, Izquierdo M. Effects of plyometric training on maximal-intensity exercise and endurance in male and female soccer players. J Sports Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1068439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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