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Greig M, Mason L, Mitchell A. Tri-axial loading response to anti-gravity running highlights movement strategy compensations during knee injury rehabilitation of a professional soccer player. Res Sports Med 2024; 32:656-666. [PMID: 37221851 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2023.2216824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Anti-gravity treadmills have been used in rehabilitation to manipulate exposure to loading and to prescribe return to outside running. Analysis is typically restricted to the vertical plane, but tri-axial accelerometry facilitates multi-planar analysis with relevance to injury mechanism. In this case a professional male soccer player, 4 weeks post-operative surgery to repair a medial meniscectomy, 8 months after Anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction to the same knee, completed anti-gravity treadmill running at 70-95% bodyweight (BW) at 5% increments. Tri-axial accelerometers were placed proximal to the Achilles tendon of the injured and healthy leg, and at C7. The planar acceleration at touchdown highlighted an increase at 85% BW, identifying 70% and 85% BW as discrete loading progressions. C7 (3.21 ± 0.68 m·s-2) elicited lower (P < 0.001) vertical acceleration than the lower limb (9.31 ± 1.82 m·s-2), with no difference between limbs suggesting bilateral symmetry. However, in the medio-lateral plane the affected limb (-0.15 ± 1.82 m·s-2) was exposed to lower (P = 0.001) medio-lateral acceleration than the non-affected limb (2.92 ± 1.35 m·s-2) at touchdown, indicative of bilateral asymmetry. PlayerLoad during foot contact was sensitive to accelerometer location, with the affected limb exposed to greater loading in all planes (P ≤ 0.082), exacerbated at 90-95% BW. Tri-axial accelerometry provides a means of assessing multi-planar loading during rehabilitation, enhancing objective progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Greig
- Sports Injuries Research Group, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Liam Mason
- Newcastle United Football Club, Sport Science Department, Newcastle, UK
| | - Andy Mitchell
- RB Leipzig Football Club, Medical Department, Leipzig, Germany
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Van Waerbeke C, Willy RW, Jacques A, Berton E, Paquette MR, Rao G. Increasing load carriage and running speed differentially affect the magnitude, variability and coordination patterns of muscle forces. J Biomech 2023; 159:111794. [PMID: 37690366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the effects of different loads and speed during running on inter- and intra-individual muscle force amplitudes, variabilities and coordination patterns. Nine healthy participants ran on an instrumentalized treadmill with an empty weight vest at two velocities (2.6 m/s and 3.3 m/s) or while carrying three different loads (4.5, 9.1, 13.6 kg) at 2.6 m/s while kinematics and kinetics were synchronously recorded. The major lower limb muscle forces were estimated using a musculoskeletal model. Muscle force amplitudes and variability, as well as coordination patterns were compared at the group and at the individual level using respectively statistical parametric mapping and covariance matrices combined with multidimensional scaling. Increasing the speed or the load during running increased most of the muscle force amplitudes (p < 0.01). During the propulsion phase, increasing the load increased muscle force variabilities around the ankle joint (modification of standard deviation up to 5% of body weight (BW), p < 0.05) while increasing the speed decreased variability for almost all the muscle forces (up to 10% of BW, p < 0.05). Each runner has a specific muscle force coordination pattern signature regardless of the different experimental conditions (p < 0.05). Yet, this individual pattern was slightly adapted in response to a change of speed or load (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that adding load increases the amplitude and variability of muscle force, but an increase in running speed decreases the variability. These findings may help improve the design of military or trail running training programs and injury rehabilitation by progressively increasing the mechanical load on anatomical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard W Willy
- Division of Physical Therapy & Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States
| | | | - Eric Berton
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Marseille, France
| | - Max R Paquette
- College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States
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Santos BP, DeJong Lempke AF, Higgins MJ, Hertel J. Influence of Reduced-Gravity Treadmill Running on Sensor-Derived Biomechanics. Sports Health 2023; 15:645-652. [PMID: 36625219 PMCID: PMC10467483 DOI: 10.1177/19417381221143974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced gravity treadmills have become increasingly prevalent in clinical settings. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of manipulated levels of bodyweight during reduced gravity treadmill running on sensor-derived spatiotemporal, kinematic, and kinetic measures. HYPOTHESES Reduced gravity conditions would result in significantly altered biomechanical measures compared with 100% gravity conditions, with the most pronounced effects anticipated in the 20% condition. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional clinic-based study. METHODS A total of 16 runners (8 male [M; age, 28.88 ± 5.69 years; body mass index [BMI], 25.08 ± 3.74 kg/m2], 8 female [F; age, 28.75 ± 5.23 years, BMI, 21.05 ± 3.46 kg/m2]) participated in this study. Participants wore commercially available sensors on their shoelaces and ran in a reduced gravity treadmill at a self-selected pace for 5 minutes each at 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, and 20% bodyweight in a randomized order. The pace remained constant across all conditions, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was obtained following each condition. Step-by-step spatiotemporal, kinematic, and kinetic metrics were extracted to calculate mean outcome measures for each bodyweight condition. Repeated measures analyses of variance were conducted to assess the influence of the different bodyweight reduction levels on RPE and runners' biomechanics. RESULTS Higher pressure creating lower bodyweight conditions resulted in significantly increased stride length and decreased cadence, contact time, impact g, and RPE, along with a shift toward forefoot strike types compared with higher body weight conditions (P < 0.01). All other outcomes were comparable across conditions. CONCLUSION Reduced bodyweight running significantly altered spatiotemporal measures and reduced the vertical component of loading. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our findings offer objective information on expected biomechanical changes across pressure levels that clinicians should consider when incorporating reduced gravity treadmill running into rehabilitation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael J. Higgins
- School of Education Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jay Hertel
- School of Education Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Li Tee CC, Chong MC, Sundar V, Chok CL, Md Razali MR, Yeo WK, Girard O. Influence of exercise intensity and hypoxic exposure on physiological, perceptual and biomechanical responses to treadmill running. Eur J Sport Sci 2022:1-10. [PMID: 35912915 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2109066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAcute physiological, perceptual and biomechanical consequences of manipulating both exercise intensity and hypoxic exposure during treadmill running were determined. On separate days, eleven trained individuals ran for 45 s (separated by 135 s of rest) on an instrumented treadmill at seven running speeds (8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 km.h-1) in normoxia (NM, FiO2 = 20.9%), moderate hypoxia (MH, FiO2 = 16.1%), high hypoxia (HH, FiO2 = 14.1%) and severe hypoxia (SH, FiO2 = 13.0%). Running mechanics were collected over 20 consecutive steps (i.e., after running ∼25 s), with concurrent assessment of physiological (heart rate and arterial oxygen saturation) and perceptual (overall perceived discomfort, difficulty breathing and leg discomfort) responses. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA (seven speeds × four conditions) were used. There was a speed × condition interaction for heart rate (p = 0.045, ηp2 = 0.22), with lower values in NM, MH and HH compared to SH at 8 km.h-1 (125 ± 12, 125 ± 11, 128 ± 12 vs 132 ± 10 b.min-1). Overall perceived discomfort (8 and 16 km.h-1; p = 0.019 and p = 0.007, ηp2 =0.21, respectively) and perceived difficulty breathing (all speeds; p = 0.023, ηp2 =0.37) were greater in SH compared to MH, whereas leg discomfort was not influenced by hypoxic exposure. Minimal difference was observed in the twelve kinetics/kinematics variables with hypoxia (p > 0.122; ηp2 = 0.19). Running at slower speeds in combination with severe hypoxia elevates physiological and perceptual responses without a corresponding increase in ground reaction forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Chow Li Tee
- Division of Research and Innovation, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mee Chee Chong
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Viswanath Sundar
- Division of Sports Performance, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chuen Leang Chok
- Division of Sports Performance, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rizal Md Razali
- Division of Research and Innovation, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wee Kian Yeo
- Division of Research and Innovation, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Olivier Girard
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Richter C, Braunstein B, Staeudle B, Attias J, Suess A, Weber T, Mileva KN, Rittweger J, Green DA, Albracht K. Contractile behavior of the gastrocnemius medialis muscle during running in simulated hypogravity. NPJ Microgravity 2021; 7:32. [PMID: 34373462 PMCID: PMC8352871 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-021-00155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vigorous exercise countermeasures in microgravity can largely attenuate muscular degeneration, albeit the extent of applied loading is key for the extent of muscle wasting. Running on the International Space Station is usually performed with maximum loads of 70% body weight (0.7 g). However, it has not been investigated how the reduced musculoskeletal loading affects muscle and series elastic element dynamics, and thereby force and power generation. Therefore, this study examined the effects of running on the vertical treadmill facility, a ground-based analog, at simulated 0.7 g on gastrocnemius medialis contractile behavior. The results reveal that fascicle-series elastic element behavior differs between simulated hypogravity and 1 g running. Whilst shorter peak series elastic element lengths at simulated 0.7 g appear to be the result of lower muscular and gravitational forces acting on it, increased fascicle lengths and decreased velocities could not be anticipated, but may inform the development of optimized running training in hypogravity. However, whether the alterations in contractile behavior precipitate musculoskeletal degeneration warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Richter
- Department of Medical Engineering and Technomathematics, University of Applied Sciences Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
- German Sport University Cologne, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Bjoern Braunstein
- German Sport University Cologne, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, Cologne, Germany
- German Sport University Cologne, Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, Cologne, Germany
- Centre for Health and Integrative Physiology in Space (CHIPS), Cologne, Germany
- German Research Centre of Elite Sport, Cologne, Germany
| | - Benjamin Staeudle
- Department of Medical Engineering and Technomathematics, University of Applied Sciences Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- German Sport University Cologne, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia Attias
- King's College London, Centre of Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, London, UK
| | - Alexander Suess
- European Astronaut Centre (EAC), European Space Agency, Space Medicine Team (HRE-OM), Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Weber
- European Astronaut Centre (EAC), European Space Agency, Space Medicine Team (HRE-OM), Cologne, Germany
- KBR GmbH, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katya N Mileva
- London South Bank University, School of Applied Sciences, London, UK
| | - Joern Rittweger
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David A Green
- King's College London, Centre of Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, London, UK
- European Astronaut Centre (EAC), European Space Agency, Space Medicine Team (HRE-OM), Cologne, Germany
- KBR GmbH, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kirsten Albracht
- Department of Medical Engineering and Technomathematics, University of Applied Sciences Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- German Sport University Cologne, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Bioengineering, University of Applied Sciences Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Thomson A, Whiteley R, Hansen C, Welzel J, Racinais S, Wilson MG. Effect of speed and gradient on plantar force when running on an AlterG® treadmill. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:34. [PMID: 33785050 PMCID: PMC8011121 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-gravity treadmills are used to decrease musculoskeletal loading during treadmill running often in return to play rehabilitation programs. The effect different gradients (uphill/downhill running) have on kinetics and spatiotemporal parameters when using an AlterG® treadmill is unclear with previous research focused on level running only. METHODS Ten well-trained healthy male running athletes ran on the AlterG® treadmill at varying combinations of bodyweight support (60, 80, and 100% BW), speed (12 km/hr., 15 km/hr., 18 km/hr., 21 km/hr., and 24 km/hr), and gradients (- 15% decline, - 10, - 5, 0, + 5, + 10 + 15% incline), representing a total of 78 conditions performed in random order. Maximum plantar force and contact time were recorded using a wireless in-shoe force sensor insole system. RESULTS Regression analysis showed a linear relationship for maximum plantar force with bodyweight support and running speeds for level running (p < 0.0001, adj. R2 = 0.604). The linear relationship, however, does not hold for negative gradients at speeds 12 & 15 km/h, with a relative 'dip' in maximum plantar force across all assisted bodyweight settings. CONCLUSIONS Maximum plantar force peaks are larger with faster running and smaller with more AlterG® assisted bodyweight support (athlete unweighing). Gradient made little difference except for a downhill grade of - 5% decreasing force peaks as compared to level or uphill running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athol Thomson
- Aspetar Orthopaedic & Sports Medicine Hospital, PO Box 29222, Doha, Qatar. .,Discipline of Podiatry, School of Allied health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
| | - Rodney Whiteley
- Aspetar Orthopaedic & Sports Medicine Hospital, PO Box 29222, Doha, Qatar
| | - Clint Hansen
- Kiel University Department of Neurology, UKSH campus, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Julius Welzel
- Kiel University Department of Neurology, UKSH campus, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sebastien Racinais
- Aspetar Orthopaedic & Sports Medicine Hospital, PO Box 29222, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mathew G Wilson
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
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Rhodes D, Leather M, Parker R. Case Study: The Conservative Management of a Complex Mid Foot Injury in an Elite Professional Footballer. Res Sports Med 2021; 30:415-424. [PMID: 33663314 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2021.1895785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Lisfranc injuries, often accompanied with tarsometatarsal joint (TMTJ) disruption, are not well documented in football despite becoming increasingly more prevalent within other athletic populations. Currently there is a paucity of evidence documenting prognosis, rehabilitation strategy and outcome. The presented case summarizes the conservative rehabilitation and return to play of a 26-year-old elite professional footballer who presented with a Lisfranc injury alongside a 3rd TMTJ coalition stress response. Injury was sustained when landing awkwardly from a jump causing the midfoot to be forced into a hyper-plantarflexed position. Palpation identified tenderness over the 2nd and 3rd MT, with a positive piano key test. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), stork view x-ray and review from a leading foot and ankle specialist confirmed diagnosis, post-contradictory MRI results. Presented is a summary of the assessment process, conservative management of the injury and the resultant rehabilitation process followed, which led to the successful return to play of the athlete.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rhodes
- Institute of Coaching and Performance (ICaP), School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK
| | - Mark Leather
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK
| | - Russell Parker
- Medical and Science Department, Rangers Football Centre, Glasgow, Scotland
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Whiteley R, Hansen C, Thomson A, Sideris V, Wilson MG. Lower limb EMG activation during reduced gravity running on an incline. Speed matters more than hills irrespective of indicated bodyweight. Gait Posture 2021; 83:52-59. [PMID: 33075719 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive loading of the lower limb muscles during running on a positive pressure or reduced gravity (Alter-G™) treadmill is suggested as a rehabilitation strategy after muscle and tendon injury but the influence of running up or downhill and at higher speeds is not known, nor are the interaction effects of speed, inclination, and indicated bodyweight. RESEARCH QUESTION What are the lower limb EMG activation levels and cadence when running up and downhill in normal and reduced gravity? METHODS 10 recreationally active male athletes ran on a positive-pressure Alter-G™ treadmill at: 3 indicated bodyweights (60 %, 80 %, and 100 %); 5 speeds (12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 km/h); for incline, decline, and flat conditions (-15 %, -10 %, -5%, 0%, 5%, 10 %, and 15 %); while monitoring the surface EMG of 11 leg muscles as well as cadence (strides per minute). RESULTS AND SIGNIFICANCE Linear mixed models showed significant effect of running speed, inclination, and indicated bodyweight, with interaction effects observed. Increasing running speed was associated with the largest change in activity, with smaller effects for increasing bodyweight and inclination. Downhill running was associated with reduced activity in all muscle groups, and more tightly clustered activity patterns independent of speed. Substantial variation in sEMG activity occurred in the flat and uphill conditions. Subject responses were quite variable for sEMG, less so for cadence. For the conditions examined, increasing running speed induced the largest changes in EMG of all muscles examined with smaller changes seen for manipulations of inclination and bodyweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rod Whiteley
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Rehabilitation Department, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Clint Hansen
- Neurogeriatrics Kiel, Kiel University, Department of Neurology, UKSH Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Athol Thomson
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Rehabilitation Department, Doha, Qatar
| | - Vasileios Sideris
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Rehabilitation Department, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mathew G Wilson
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Rehabilitation Department, Doha, Qatar; Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Early Quantitative Partial Weight-Bearing Exercise After Periarticular Fractures of the Tibia Using a Lower-Body Positive-Pressure Treadmill: A Case Series. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2020; 99:e83-e87. [PMID: 31268887 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000001257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The partial weight-bearing protocol after lower limb fracture is an important issue in postoperative rehabilitation. Because it is difficult to quantify the actual weight load and provide a constant weight, the protocol is unestablished. By training with a lower-body positive-pressure treadmill and using an in-shoe pressure-measuring device, partial weight-bearing exercise can be performed with quantified loads. This case series illustrates the applicability of an early quantitative partial weight-bearing rehabilitation program using lower-body positive-pressure treadmill with an in-shoe pressure-measuring device after periarticular tibial fractures, which provides a quantitatively predetermined constant load.
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Wei Z, Li JX, Fu W, Wang L. Plantar load characteristics among runners with different strike patterns during preferred speed. J Exerc Sci Fit 2020; 18:89-93. [PMID: 32636890 PMCID: PMC7327771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to compare the plantar loads between habitual rearfoot strike (RFS) and non-RFS (NRFS) during running under the participant’s preferred speed. Methods A total of 66 (36 RFS, 30 NRFS) healthy amateur male runners were included in our study. In-shoe pressure sensors were utilised to the test plantar loads when participants were running using their preferred foot strike pattern and running speed (RFS: 3.2 ± 0.3 m/s; NRFS: 3.4 ± 0.4 m/s). Results Results indicated that running speed has a significant effect on the total contact area [F (1, 64) = 7.061, P = 0.01, η2 = 0.101], which also affects midfoot and forefoot regions. No significant difference was found on the total maximum force, force-time-integral, peak pressure (PP) and pressure-time-integral (PTI), but the total contact area of RFS was higher than that of NRFS runners [F (1, 64) = 77.406, P < 0.001, η2 = 0.551]. Plantar loads were mainly focused on the heel and midfoot for RFS runners in all variables, and NRFS runners experienced increased PP and PTI in medial forefoot regions. Conclusion Habitual runners tend to adjust their contact area according to the running speed through midfoot and forefoot regions. RFS runners remain susceptible to high impact force on the heel and midfoot, and NRFS runners experience high impact force in the first metatarsal regions. Therefore, runners should note this situation to avoid running-related injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wei
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xian Li
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Weijie Fu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Park J, Kim T. Acute effect of taping on plantar pressure characteristics in athletes with exercise-induced leg pain: a description and comparison of groups. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2019; 47:212-219. [PMID: 30462925 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2018.1547085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Foot pronation is considered as a potential risk factor of lower leg overuse injury. This study aimed to identify plantar pressure characteristics of elite athletes with exercise-induced leg pain in throwing athletic disciplines, and to verify the acute effect of taping for restricting foot pronation by analyzing the plantar pressure characteristics. METHODS This study was designed as a description and comparison of throwing athletic athletes. Participants were divided into exercise-induced leg pain (ELP group, n = 17) and control groups (CON group, n = 14). Plantar pressure variables (contact area, maximum force, and peak pressure) at eight-foot regions in athletes' supporting leg were recorded during standing on one leg and a natural walk before and after applying anti-pronation or sham taping techniques. RESULTS There are significant difference of contact area, maximal force, and peak pressure in some regions of their foot between the ELP and CON groups. But the anti-pronation taping decreased only the peak pressure in lateral midfoot of CON group during a natural walk (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION The anti-pronation taping technique may not be effective preventive strategy from the exercise-induced leg pain, such as shin splints.
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Affiliation(s)
- JaeMyoung Park
- a Research Institute of Physical Education and Sport Science , Korea National Sport University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Taegyu Kim
- b Department of Marine Sports , Pukyoung National University , Busan , Republic of Korea
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Jeong HK, Pouyan MB, Whittingslow DC, Ganti V, Inan OT. Quantifying the Effects of Increasing Mechanical Stress on Knee Acoustical Emissions Using Unsupervised Graph Mining. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2019. [PMID: 29522403 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2018.2800702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the effects of increasing mechanical stress on the knee joints by recording knee acoustical emissions and analyze them using an unsupervised graph mining algorithm. We placed miniature contact microphones on four different locations: on the lateral and medial sides of the patella and superficial to the lateral and medial meniscus. We extracted audio features in both time and frequency domains from the acoustical signals and calculated the graph community factor (GCF): an index of heterogeneity (variation) in the sounds due to different loading conditions enforced on the knee. To determine the GCF, a k-nearest neighbor graph was constructed and an Infomap community detection algorithm was used to extract all potential clusters within the graph-the number of detected communities were then quantified with GCF. Measurements from 12 healthy subjects showed that the GCF increased monotonically and significantly with vertical loading forces (mean GCF for no load = 30 and mean GCF for maximum load [body weight] = 39). This suggests that the increased complexity of the emitted sounds is related to the increased forces on the joint. In addition, microphones placed on the medial side of the patella and superficial to the lateral meniscus produced the most variation in the joint sounds. This information can be used to determine the optimal location for the microphones to obtain acoustical emissions with greatest sensitivity to loading. In future work, joint loading quantification based on acoustical emissions and derived GCF can be used for assessing cumulative knee usage and loading during activities, for example for patients rehabilitating knee injuries.
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Thomson A, Einarsson E, Hansen C, Bleakley C, Whiteley R. Marked asymmetry in vertical force (but not contact times) during running in ACL reconstructed athletes <9 months post-surgery despite meeting functional criteria for return to sport. J Sci Med Sport 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Van Alsenoy K, Thomson A, Burnett A. Reliability and validity of the Zebris FDM-THQ instrumented treadmill during running trials. Sports Biomech 2018; 18:501-514. [PMID: 29785869 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2018.1452966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the reliability, validity and smallest detectable differences of selected kinetic and temporal variables recorded by the Zebris FDM-THQ instrumented treadmill especially during running. Twenty male participants (age = 31.9 years (±5.6), height = 1.81 m (±0.08), mass = 80.2 kg (±9.5), body mass index = 24.53 kg/m2 (±2.53)) walked (5 km/h) and ran (10 and 15 km/h) on an instrumented treadmill, wearing running shoes fitted with Pedar-X insoles. A test-double retest protocol was conducted over two consecutive days. Maximal vertical force (Fmax), contact time (CT) and flight time (FT) data from 10 consecutive steps were collected. Within- and between-day reliability, smallest detectable differences (SDD) and validity (95% limits of agreement (LOA)) were calculated. ICC values for the Zebris for Fmax were acceptable (ICC ≥ 0.7) while CT and FT reliability indices were predominantly good (ICC ≥ 0.8) to excellent (ICC ≥ 0.9). The Zebris significantly underestimated Fmax when compared with the Pedar-X. The 95% LOA increased with speed. SDD ranged between 96 N and 169 N for Fmax, 0.017s and 0.055s for CT and 0.021s and 0.026s for FT. In conclusion, Zebris reliability was acceptable to excellent for the variables examined, but inferior in comparison with Pedar-X. With increased running speeds, a bias effect (underestimation) existed for the Zebris compared with Pedar-X.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Van Alsenoy
- a Aspetar Orthopeadic and Sports Medicine Hospital , Doha , Qatar
| | - Athol Thomson
- a Aspetar Orthopeadic and Sports Medicine Hospital , Doha , Qatar
| | - Angus Burnett
- a Aspetar Orthopeadic and Sports Medicine Hospital , Doha , Qatar.,b School of Medical and Health Sciences , Edith Cowan University, Joondalup Campus , Joondalup , Australia
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15
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Girard O, Malatesta D, Millet GP. Walking in Hypoxia: An Efficient Treatment to Lessen Mechanical Constraints and Improve Health in Obese Individuals? Front Physiol 2017; 8:73. [PMID: 28232806 PMCID: PMC5298970 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Girard
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Center, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine HospitalDoha, Qatar; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
| | - Davide Malatesta
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
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