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Prenatal exposure to maternal depression is related to the functional connectivity organization underlying emotion perception in 8-10-month-old infants - Preliminary findings. Infant Behav Dev 2021; 63:101545. [PMID: 33713910 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2021.101545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Emotion perception is critical for infant's social development. Mother's mood during pregnancy has been associated with infants' emotional developmental risks. Graphtheory analysis was applied on EEG data recorded from 35, 8-to-10-month-old-infants prenatally exposed to high or low depressed symptoms, while viewing happy and sad faces. We found an interaction between group and emotion such that infants exposed to high-depressed-symptoms showed higher modularity - reflecting reduced perceptual-dynamics - for viewing happy emotions compared to sad. The opposite was observed for infants exposed to low-depressive-symptoms. These preliminary findings suggest that prenatal depressive mood may shape early functional organization for viewing emotional faces.
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2
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Goodman SH, Liu R, Lusby CM, Park JS, Bell MA, Newport DJ, Stowe ZN. Consistency of EEG asymmetry patterns in infants of depressed mothers. Dev Psychobiol 2020; 63:768-781. [PMID: 33067826 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry across multiple contexts as an index of a general affective response predisposition in 12-month-old infants whose mothers were at elevated risk for perinatal depression due to their mother's history of depression. We further examined mothers' prenatal, postnatal, and concurrent depressive symptom levels in relation to infants' frontal EEG asymmetry consistency. Mothers (n = 132) with a history of depression prior to pregnancy completed depressive symptom scales repeatedly during pregnancy and the first year postpartum. Their 12-month-old infants' frontal EEG asymmetry was recorded across five contexts (baseline/bubbles, peek-a-boo, play, feeding, and distract). Frontal EEG asymmetries showed small to moderate correlations across contexts. Mothers' prenatal depression symptom levels (not postnatal or concurrent) were associated with infants having consistent right, rather than left, frontal EEG asymmetry, even after controlling for infants' observed affect. These findings demonstrate the consistency of EEG asymmetry scores across contexts in 12-month-old infants at risk for the development of psychopathology, providing support for relative right frontal EEG asymmetry as a trait marker of vulnerability to depression. Findings also suggest the importance of mothers' prenatal, rather than postnatal or concurrent depression, in predicting infants' consistent patterns of relative right frontal EEG asymmetry across contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Cara M Lusby
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ji Soo Park
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Martha Ann Bell
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Zachary N Stowe
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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3
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Gartstein MA, Warwick H, Campagna AX. Electroencephalogram frontal asymmetry changes during emotion‐eliciting tasks and parent–child interaction dynamics. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Haven Warwick
- Department of Psychology Washington State University Pullman WA USA
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4
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Porto JA, Bick J, Perdue KL, Richards JE, Nunes ML, Nelson CA. The influence of maternal anxiety and depression symptoms on fNIRS brain responses to emotional faces in 5- and 7-month-old infants. Infant Behav Dev 2020; 59:101447. [PMID: 32305734 PMCID: PMC7255941 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2020.101447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Greater relative right (versus left) frontal cortical activation to emotional faces as measured with alpha power in the electroencephalogram (EEG), has been considered a promising neural marker of increased vulnerability to psychopathology and emotional disorders. We set out to explore multichannel fNIRS as a tool to investigate infants' frontal asymmetry responses (hypothesizing greater right versus left frontal cortex activation) to emotional faces as influenced by maternal anxiety and depression symptoms during the postnatal period. We also explored activation differences in fronto-temporal regions associated with facial emotion processing. Ninety-one typically developing 5- and 7-month-old infants were shown photographs of women portraying happy, fearful and angry expressions. Hemodynamic brain responses were analyzed over two frontopolar and seven bilateral cortical regions subdivided into frontal, temporal and parietal areas, defined by age-appropriate MRI templates. Infants of mothers reporting higher negative affect had greater oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb) activation across all emotions over the left inferior frontal gyrus, a region implicated in emotional communication. Follow-up analyses indicated that associations were driven by maternal depression, but not anxiety symptoms. Overall, we found no support for greater right versus left frontal cortex activation in association with maternal negative affect. Findings point to the potential utility of fNIRS as a method for identifying altered neural substrates associated with exposure to maternal depression in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana A Porto
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Johanna Bick
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katherine L Perdue
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John E Richards
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Magda L Nunes
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Charles A Nelson
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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5
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Crespo-Llado MM, Vanderwert R, Roberti E, Geangu E. Eight-month-old infants' behavioral responses to peers' emotions as related to the asymmetric frontal cortex activity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17152. [PMID: 30464309 PMCID: PMC6249297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35219-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Infants are sensitive to and converge emotionally with peers' distress. It is unclear whether these responses extend to positive affect and whether observing peer emotions motivates infants' behaviors. This study investigates 8-month-olds' asymmetric frontal EEG during peers' cry and laughter, and its relation to approach and withdrawal behaviors. Participants observed videos of infant crying or laughing during two separate sessions. Frontal EEG alpha power was recorded during the first, while infants' behaviors and emotional expressions were recorded during the second session. Facial and vocal expressions of affect suggest that infants converge emotionally with their peers' distress, and, to a certain extent, with their happiness. At group level, the crying peer elicited right lateralized frontal activity. However, those infants with reduced right and increased left frontal activity in this situation, were more likely to approach their peer. Overall, 8-month-olds did not show asymmetric frontal activity in response to peer laughter. But, those infants who tended to look longer at their happy peer were more likely to respond with left lateralized frontal activity. The link between variations in left frontal activity and simple approach behaviors indicates the presence of a motivational dimension to infants' responses to distressed peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Crespo-Llado
- Lancaster University Department of Psychology Bailrigg, Fylde College, Lancaster, UK
| | - Ross Vanderwert
- Cardiff University Centre for Human Developmental Science School of Psychology - Cardiff University Tower Building, Park Place, Cardiff, UK
| | - Elisa Roberti
- Università degli Studi di Milano - Bicocca Department of Psychology, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Geangu
- University of York, Department of Psychology, Heslington, York, UK.
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6
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Rotem-Kohavi N, Oberlander TF. Variations in Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Children with Prenatal SSRI Antidepressant Exposure. Birth Defects Res 2017; 109:909-923. [DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naama Rotem-Kohavi
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute; Vancouver BC
| | - Tim F. Oberlander
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute; Vancouver BC
- Department of Pediatrics; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC
- School of Population and Public Health; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC
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7
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Infant EEG and temperament negative affectivity: Coherence of vulnerabilities to mothers' perinatal depression. Dev Psychopathol 2016; 28:895-911. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954579416000614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAssociations between infants' frontal EEG asymmetry and temperamental negative affectivity (NA) across infants' first year of life and the potential moderating role of maternal prenatal depressive symptoms were examined prospectively in infants (n = 242) of mothers at elevated risk for perinatal depression. In predicting EEG, in the context of high prenatal depressive symptoms, infant NA and frontal EEG asymmetry were negatively associated at 3 months of age and positively associated by 12 months of age. By contrast, for low depression mothers, infant NA and EEG were not significantly associated at any age. Postnatal depressive symptoms did not add significantly to the models. Dose of infants' exposure to maternal depression mattered: infants exposed either pre- or postnatally shifted from a positive association at 3 months to a negative association at 12 months; those exposed both pre- and postnatally shifted from a negative association at 3 months to a positive association at 12 months. Prenatal relative to postnatal exposure did not matter for patterns of association between NA and EEG. The findings highlight the importance of exploring how vulnerabilities at two levels of analysis, behavioral and psychophysiological, co-occur over the course of infancy and in the context of mothers' depressive symptomatology.
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Soe NN, Wen DJ, Poh JS, Li Y, Broekman BFP, Chen H, Chong YS, Kwek K, Saw SM, Gluckman PD, Meaney MJ, Rifkin-Graboi A, Qiu A. Pre- and Post-Natal Maternal Depressive Symptoms in Relation with Infant Frontal Function, Connectivity, and Behaviors. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152991. [PMID: 27073881 PMCID: PMC4830615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the relationships between pre- and early post-natal maternal depression and their changes with frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) activity and functional connectivity in 6- and 18-month olds, as well as externalizing and internalizing behaviors in 24-month olds (n = 258). Neither prenatal nor postnatal maternal depressive symptoms independently predicted neither the frontal EEG activity nor functional connectivity in 6- and 18-month infants. However, increasing maternal depressive symptoms from the prenatal to postnatal period predicted greater right frontal activity and relative right frontal asymmetry amongst 6-month infants but these finding were not observed amongst 18-month infants after adjusted for post-conceptual age on the EEG visit day. Subsequently increasing maternal depressive symptoms from the prenatal to postnatal period predicted lower right frontal connectivity within 18-month infants but not among 6-month infants after controlling for post-conceptual age on the EEG visit day. These findings were observed in the full sample and the female sample but not in the male sample. Moreover, both prenatal and early postnatal maternal depressive symptoms independently predicted children's externalizing and internalizing behaviors at 24 months of age. This suggests that the altered frontal functional connectivity in infants born to mothers whose depressive symptomatology increases in the early postnatal period compared to that during pregnancy may reflect a neural basis for the familial transmission of phenotypes associated with mood disorders, particularly in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Ni Soe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel J. Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joann S. Poh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, the Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Birit F. P. Broekman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, the Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Helen Chen
- KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital and Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, the Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kenneth Kwek
- KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital and Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seang-Mei Saw
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter D. Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, the Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael J. Meaney
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, the Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Anne Rifkin-Graboi
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, the Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anqi Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, the Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
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Armony-Sivan R, Zhu B, Clark KM, Richards B, Ji C, Kaciroti N, Shao J, Lozoff B. Iron deficiency (ID) at both birth and 9 months predicts right frontal EEG asymmetry in infancy. Dev Psychobiol 2015; 58:462-70. [PMID: 26668100 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study considered effects of timing and duration of iron deficiency (ID) on frontal EEG asymmetry in infancy. In healthy term Chinese infants, EEG was recorded at 9 months in three experimental conditions: baseline, peek-a-boo, and stranger approach. Eighty infants provided data for all conditions. Prenatal ID was defined as low cord ferritin or high ZPP/H. Postnatal ID was defined as ≥ two abnormal iron measures at 9 months. Study groups were pre- and postnatal ID, prenatal ID only, postnatal ID only, and not ID. GLM repeated measure analysis showed a main effect for iron group. The pre- and postnatal ID group had negative asymmetry scores, reflecting right frontal EEG asymmetry (mean ± SE: -.18 ± .07) versus prenatal ID only (.00 ± .04), postnatal ID only (.03 ± .04), and not ID (.02 ± .04). Thus, ID at both birth and 9 months was associated with right frontal EEG asymmetry, a neural correlate of behavioral withdrawal and negative emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinat Armony-Sivan
- Department of Psychology, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon, Israel.,Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 300 N. Ingalls, 10th Floor, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5406
| | - Bingquan Zhu
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Katy M Clark
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 300 N. Ingalls, 10th Floor, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5406
| | - Blair Richards
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 300 N. Ingalls, 10th Floor, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5406
| | - Chai Ji
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Niko Kaciroti
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 300 N. Ingalls, 10th Floor, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5406
| | - Jie Shao
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Betsy Lozoff
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 300 N. Ingalls, 10th Floor, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5406. .,Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
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10
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Introduction to the special issue: Psychophysiology and psychobiology in emotion development. J Exp Child Psychol 2015; 142:239-44. [PMID: 26607502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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11
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Jesulola E, Sharpley CF, Bitsika V, Agnew LL, Wilson P. Frontal alpha asymmetry as a pathway to behavioural withdrawal in depression: Research findings and issues. Behav Brain Res 2015; 292:56-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Peltola MJ, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Alink LRA, Huffmeijer R, Biro S, van IJzendoorn MH. Resting frontal EEG asymmetry in children: meta-analyses of the effects of psychosocial risk factors and associations with internalizing and externalizing behavior. Dev Psychobiol 2014; 56:1377-89. [PMID: 24863548 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetry of frontal cortical electroencephalogram (EEG) activity in children is influenced by the social environment and considered a marker of vulnerability to emotional and behavioral problems. To determine the reliability of these associations, we used meta-analysis to test whether variation in resting frontal EEG asymmetry is consistently associated with (a) having experienced psychosocial risk (e.g., parental depression or maltreatment) and (b) internalizing and externalizing behavior outcomes in children ranging from newborns to adolescents. Three meta-analyses including 38 studies (N = 2,523) and 50 pertinent effect sizes were carried out. The studies included in the analyses reported associations between frontal EEG asymmetry and psychosocial risk (k = 20; predominantly studies with maternal depression as the risk factor) as well as internalizing (k = 20) and externalizing (k = 10) behavior outcomes. Psychosocial risk was significantly associated with greater relative right frontal asymmetry, with an effect size of d = .36 (p < .01), the effects being stronger in girls. A non-significant relation was observed between right frontal asymmetry and internalizing symptoms (d = .19, p = .08), whereas no association between left frontal asymmetry and externalizing symptoms was observed (d = .04, p = .79). Greater relative right frontal asymmetry appears to be a fairly consistent marker of the presence of familial stressors in children but the power of frontal asymmetry to directly predict emotional and behavioral problems is modest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko J Peltola
- School of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Tampere, FIN-33014, Tampere, Finland; Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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13
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Goodman SH, Rouse MH, Connell AM, Broth MR, Hall CM, Heyward D. Maternal Depression and Child Psychopathology: A Meta-Analytic Review. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2011; 14:1-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s10567-010-0080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1590] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Lozoff B, Armony-Sivan R, Kaciroti N, Jing Y, Golub M, Jacobson SW. Eye-blinking rates are slower in infants with iron-deficiency anemia than in nonanemic iron-deficient or iron-sufficient infants. J Nutr 2010; 140:1057-61. [PMID: 20335633 PMCID: PMC2855268 DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.120964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency has been shown to impair dopamine functioning in rodent models, but it is challenging to obtain evidence of such effects in human infants. Because spontaneous eye-blink rate may provide a noninvasive assessment of dopamine functioning, we hypothesized that eye-blink rate would be lower in infants with iron-deficiency anemia and would increase with iron therapy. A 4-min eye-blink assessment was conducted for quiet, alert infants sitting on their mother's lap. Data were available for 61 9- to 10-mo-old infants from inner-city Detroit (19 iron-deficient anemic, 23 nonanemic iron-deficient, and 19 nonanemic iron-sufficient). Iron-deficient and iron-sufficient nonanemic groups had similar eye-blink rates (P = 0.90) and were therefore combined. We used Poisson regression based on generalized estimation equation methodology to test for differences between iron-deficient anemic and nonanemic infants in blinks/min and change after 3 mo of iron therapy. Iron-deficient anemic infants had a lower initial eye-blink rate than nonanemic infants (mean +/- SD) (4.0 +/- 1.9 vs. 5.3 +/- 2.8 blinks/min; P = 0.02; effect size = 0.6 SD). At 12 mo, eye-blink rate increased by 2.1 blinks/min in the iron-deficient anemic group (P = 0.008); there was no change in the nonanemic group (P = 0.96). These results are consistent with reduced dopamine function in iron-deficient anemic infants. The clinical importance of a lower eye-blink rate is unclear, but impaired dopamine functioning is likely to have broader impact, given the role dopamine plays in regulating movement, motivation, cognition, and hormone release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsy Lozoff
- Center for Human Growth and Development and; 4Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Rinat Armony-Sivan
- Center for Human Growth and Development and; Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; Department of Psychology, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon 78109, Israel; California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48207
| | - Niko Kaciroti
- Center for Human Growth and Development and; Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; Department of Psychology, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon 78109, Israel; California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48207
| | - Yuezhou Jing
- Center for Human Growth and Development and; Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; Department of Psychology, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon 78109, Israel; California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48207
| | - Mari Golub
- Center for Human Growth and Development and; Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; Department of Psychology, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon 78109, Israel; California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48207
| | - Sandra W. Jacobson
- Center for Human Growth and Development and; Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; Department of Psychology, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon 78109, Israel; California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48207
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15
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Diego MA, Jones NA, Field T. EEG in 1-week, 1-month and 3-month-old infants of depressed and non-depressed mothers. Biol Psychol 2010; 83:7-14. [PMID: 19782119 PMCID: PMC2838453 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2008] [Revised: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
EEGs were examined in data collected from 348 1-week, 1-month and 3-month-old infants of depressed and non-depressed mothers across several studies. Both the percentage of infants exhibiting spectral peaks and the frequency in Hz at which those peaks were exhibited increased with age. Consistent with previous studies, infants of depressed mothers exhibited greater left frontal EEG power, suggesting greater relative right frontal EEG activity than infants of non-depressed mothers. This profile was apparent across a narrow frequency range, which shifted from 3-9Hz at 1 week of age to 4-9Hz by 3 months of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Diego
- Touch Research Institutes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA.
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Trajectories of maternal depression over 7 years: relations with child psychophysiology and behavior and role of contextual risks. Dev Psychopathol 2008; 20:55-77. [PMID: 18211728 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579408000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the relation between the longitudinal course of maternal depression during the child's early life and children's psychophysiology and behavior at age 6.5 years. One hundred fifty-nine children of depressed and nondepressed mothers were followed from infancy through age 6.5 years. Growth mixture modeling was used to identify classes of depressed mothers based on the longitudinal course of the mother's depression. School-aged children of chronically depressed mothers were found to have elevated externalizing behavior problems, decreased social competence, reduced frontal brain activation (EEG power), and higher respiratory sinus arrhythmia reactivity. Children of mothers with decreasing and stable mild depression were found to have increased hyperactivity and attention problems compared to children of nondepressed mothers. Contextual risk factors were found to mediate the relation between maternal depression and child behavioral outcomes.
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17
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Shankman SA, Tenke CE, Bruder GE, Durbin CE, Hayden EP, Klein DN. Low positive emotionality in young children: Association with EEG asymmetry. Dev Psychopathol 2005; 17:85-98. [PMID: 15971761 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579405050054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Low positive emotionality (PE; e.g., listlessness, anhedonia, and lack of enthusiasm) has been hypothesized to be a temperamental precursor or risk factor for depression. The present study sought to evaluate the validity of this hypothesis by testing whether low PE children have similar external correlates as individuals with depression. This paper focused on the external correlate of EEG asymmetry. Previous studies have reported that individuals at risk for depression exhibited a frontal EEG asymmetry (greater right than left activity). Others have reported an association with posterior asymmetries (greater left than right activity). In the present study, children classified as having low PE at age 3 exhibited an overall asymmetry at age 5-6 with less relative activity in the right hemisphere. This asymmetry appeared to be largely due to a difference in the posterior region because children with low PE exhibited decreased right posterior activity whereas high PE children exhibited no posterior asymmetry. These findings support the construct validity of the hypothesis that low PE may be a temperamental precursor or risk factor for depression.
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