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Yazdanimehr R, Aflakseir A, Sarafraz M, Taghavi M. The structural model of mother-infant bonding in the first pregnancy based on the mother's attachment style and parenting style: the mediating role of mentalization and shame. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:396. [PMID: 37974255 PMCID: PMC10655332 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01436-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the mother's attachment style and parenting style and mother-infant bonding in the first pregnancy considering the mediating role of mentalization and shame. METHODS This was a descriptive-correlational study. The sample population included the women who had gone through their first pregnancy and were referred to the health centers in Neyshabur, Iran in 2022. In total, 330 women were selected by convenience sampling. To collect data, we used a demographic questionnaire, the Attachment Style Questionnaire, the Parenting Style Questionnaire, the Mother-Infant Bonding Scale, the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire, and the Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive indices, correlation coefficients, and pass analysis. RESULTS Overall, the findings showed that the studied model adequately fits the data. Further, the obtained results confirmed the mediating role of mentalization and shame in the relationship between the mother's attachment style and parenting style and mother-infant bonding. A significant correlation was also observed between attachment styles, parenting styles, and mother-infant bonding (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Mother-infant bonding is correlated with the mother's attachment style/parenting style, shame, and mentalization. Thus, we can help vulnerable mothers by improving the quality of psychological care before the first pregnancy or during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Yazdanimehr
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Abdolaziz Aflakseir
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdireza Sarafraz
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Taghavi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran
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Kaydırak M, Yılmaz B, Demir A, Oskay Ü. The relationships between prenatal attachment, maternal anxiety, and postpartum depression: A longitudinal study. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:715-723. [PMID: 33969497 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the relationships between prenatal attachment, maternal anxiety, and postpartum depression. DESIGN AND METHODS This longitudinal study included 195 pregnant women in their third trimester. FINDINGS The level of postpartum depression in the sixth week was found to be significantly higher in women older than 31 years, high-risk pregnancies, primipara women, women having a living child outside of the newborn, and in women who experience problems after delivery. Our findings indicated that the level of anxiety and postpartum depression decreased significantly in the sixth postpartum week. Anxiety and depression levels decreased during the weeks following the postpartum period. Furthermore, no significant relationship emerged between prenatal attachment and postpartum depression. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Nurses should evaluate psychosocial health in the prenatal and postnatal periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Kaydırak
- Department of Women's Health and Gynecological Nursing, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Büşra Yılmaz
- Department of Women's Health and Gynecological Nursing, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aleynanur Demir
- Anesthesia and Reanimation Clinic, Istanbul Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ümran Oskay
- Department of Women's Health and Gynecological Nursing, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Dymecka J, Gerymski R, Iszczuk A, Bidzan M. Fear of Coronavirus, Stress and Fear of Childbirth in Polish Pregnant Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:13111. [PMID: 34948718 PMCID: PMC8700819 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is the largest pandemic of an aggressive coronavirus in the human population in the 21st century. The pandemic may have a negative emotional impact on pregnant women, causing fear and stress. Negative feelings during pregnancy later affect fear of childbirth. Our study aimed to determine the relationship between fear of COVID-19, stress and fear of childbirth. We assume that fear of COVID-19 will be a mediator of the relationship between perceived stress and fear of childbirth. A total of 262 Polish pregnant women participated in this study. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FOC-6) and Labour Anxiety Questionnaire (KLP II) were used in the study. There was a statistically significant, moderate, and positive relationship between perceived stress, fear of COVID-19, and fear of childbirth. Fear of COVID-19 was a statistically significant mediator in the relationship between perceived stress and fear of childbirth. The COVID-19 epidemic may have a negative emotional impact on pregnant women, causing fear, stress and increased fear of childbirth. Childbirth during the COVID-19 pandemic is perceived by women as a threat to their well-being and health. Therefore, it is especially important to support a woman in the perinatal period and to enable her to give birth to a child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Dymecka
- Department of Health Psychology and Quality of Life, Institute of Psychology, Opole University, 45-040 Opole, Poland;
| | - Rafał Gerymski
- Department of Health Psychology and Quality of Life, Institute of Psychology, Opole University, 45-040 Opole, Poland;
| | - Adrianna Iszczuk
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Opole University, 45-040 Opole, Poland;
| | - Mariola Bidzan
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland;
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Zhang L, Wang L, Yuan Q, Huang C, Cui S, Zhang K, Zhou X. The mediating role of prenatal depression in adult attachment and maternal-fetal attachment in primigravida in the third trimester. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:307. [PMID: 33863310 PMCID: PMC8052769 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03779-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prenatal depression and adult attachment are factors that affect the establishment of an intimate relationship between a mother and fetus. The study explored differences in prenatal depression and maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) scores between different types of adult attachment and the effects of maternal depression scores and attachment dimensions on maternal intimacy with the fetus. Methods The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Experience of Close Relationship (ECR) scale, Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale (MAAS) and a general data scale were used to investigate 260 primigravida. An exploratory analysis was performed to analyze the effects of the depression score and adult attachment on MFA. Results The results showed that pregnant women with insecure attachment exhibited an increased prevalence of prenatal depression, lower total MFA scores, and lower MFA quality compared with those women with secure adult attachment. The explorative analysis showed that the depression scores mediated the relationship between adult attachment avoidance and MFA quality. Conclusions Primigravida who had insecure adult attachment exhibited an increased prevalence of prenatal depression and lower MFA. Maternal depression and adult attachment may affect the emotional bond between a mother and fetus. This finding should be seriously considered, and timely intervention needs to take personality traits into consideration. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-021-03779-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 238000, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 238000, China
| | - Qiuyu Yuan
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 238000, China
| | - Cui Huang
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 238000, China
| | - Shu Cui
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 238000, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 238000, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Zhou
- Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 238000, China.
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Motegi T, Watanabe Y, Fukui N, Ogawa M, Hashijiri K, Tsuboya R, Sugai T, Egawa J, Araki R, Haino K, Yamaguchi M, Nishijima K, Enomoto T, Someya T. Depression, Anxiety and Primiparity are Negatively Associated with Mother-Infant Bonding in Japanese Mothers. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:3117-3122. [PMID: 33364763 PMCID: PMC7751780 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s287036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Postpartum depression is a well-known risk factor, and postpartum anxiety and parity are potential risk factors, for mother-infant bonding disorder. However, few studies have focused on the relationships among these factors and mother-infant bonding. This cross-sectional study explored the associations between depression, anxiety and parity, and mother-infant bonding. MATERIALS AND METHODS Japanese mothers, both primiparas and multiparas, completed the Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) one month after childbirth. We performed a stepwise multiple regression analysis with the forward selection method to assess the effects of HADS anxiety and depression scores and parity as independent variables on mother-infant bonding as the dependent variable. RESULTS A total of 2379 Japanese mothers (1116 primiparas and 1263 multiparas) took part in the study. MIBS score (2.89 ± 2.68 vs 1.60 ± 2.11; p < 0.0001) was significantly higher in primiparas than in multiparas. HADS anxiety (6.55 ± 4.06 vs 4.63 ± 3.41; p < 0.0001) and depression (6.56 ± 3.43 vs 5.98 ± 3.20; p < 0.0001) scores were also significantly higher in primiparas than in multiparas. A stepwise multiple regression analysis with the forward selection method revealed that HADS depression and anxiety scores and parity were significantly associated with MIBS score (p = 0.003, 0.015 and 0.023). CONCLUSION Depression, anxiety and primiparity were negatively associated with mother-infant bonding one month after childbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaharu Motegi
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Watanabe
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naoki Fukui
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Maki Ogawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Koyo Hashijiri
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Tsuboya
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takuro Sugai
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jun Egawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Rie Araki
- Nursing, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Haino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Koji Nishijima
- General Center for Perinatal, Maternal and Neonatal Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takayuki Enomoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Someya
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Kucharska M. Selected predictors of maternal-fetal attachment in pregnancies with congenital disorders, other complications, and in healthy pregnancies. HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY REPORT 2020; 9:193-206. [PMID: 38084226 PMCID: PMC10694702 DOI: 10.5114/hpr.2020.97295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mother-infant attachment begins to form during pregnancy and is important for the future development of the child. Pregnancy complications can affect this relationship. The purpose of the study was to identify predictors of maternal-fetal attachment in physiological and high-risk pregnancies. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE The study group included women in pregnancies with congenital disorders (n = 65) or with other pregnancy complications (n = 65). A third group included women in healthy pregnancies (n = 65). Data were collected by: the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale, the Questionnaire of Attachment Styles, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Social Support Scale, a standardized interview, the Dependency on Intimate Partner Scale, and the Pregnancy Experiences Scale. RESULTS No significant differences in maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) were found between the groups. No predictors of MFA were observed for the women with a pregnancy with a congenital disorder. In the group of pregnancies with other complications, the only predictor of attachment intensity was pregnancy experience: a more negative attitude toward pregnancy was associated with lower MFA. In physiological pregnancies, MFA was found to be determined by pregnancy experience, gestational age, maternal age and dependency on one's intimate partner. MFA increased as pregnancy progressed. Younger mothers in physiological pregnancies, who have more positive pregnancy experiences and are less dependent on a partner, achieve higher levels of MFA. CONCLUSIONS The presence of high-risk pregnancy, or its absence, does not differentiate the intensity of the emotional bond between mother and fetus. However, women with healthy pregnancies demonstrate different predictors of MFA than those with high-risk pregnancies.
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Zdolska-Wawrzkiewicz A, Chrzan-Dętkoś M, Pizuńska D, Bidzan M. Attachment Styles, Various Maternal Representations and A Bond to a Baby. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103363. [PMID: 32408643 PMCID: PMC7277533 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between: (a) new mothers’ styles of attachment to their own mothers with their representation of self as a mother as well as with their representation of one’s mother as a mother, (b) new mothers’ representation of self as a mother with their representation of one’s own mother as a mother, and (c) their bonds with their children and their styles of attachment to their own mothers. (2) Methods: A total of 86 mothers were interviewed approximately six months postpartum. The Adjective Checklist, a modified version of the Experiences in Close Relationships, and the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire were used in the study. (3) Results: Analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between the new mothers’ styles of attachment to their own mothers and both their representation of self as a mother and their representation of one’s mother as a mother. The relationship between representation of self as a mother and representation of one’s mother as a mother was also statistically significant. No statistically significant relationship was observed between the style of attachment to one’s mother and the bond with one’s child six months postpartum. (4) Conclusions: A deeper understanding of the relationship between these variables may improve the help system directed at young mothers.
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Zdolska-Wawrzkiewicz A, Bidzan M, Chrzan-Dętkoś M, Pizuńska D. The Dynamics of Becoming a Mother during Pregnancy and After Childbirth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:ijerph17010057. [PMID: 31861696 PMCID: PMC6982180 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between one’s maternal attachment style and one’s self-image as a mother, image of one’s mother as a mother, and bond with the child over a period of several months. Methods: A total of 86 women took part in the study The Adjective Check List (ACL), Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ), Maternal–Fetal Attachment Scale (MFAS), and a modified version of the Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) were used. Two measurements were used: during pregnancy and about six months after the birth of the child. Results: In terms of their self-image as mothers, the women had higher results the first time they took the questionnaire, regardless of their attachment style. An interaction effect was found between attachment style and the ‘need for changes’ scale. The image of one’s mother as a mother depended on the level of avoidance in attachment, regardless of the measurement. An interaction effect was found between attachment style and the scale of ‘personal adaptation’. There was a correlation between the bond with the child during pregnancy, the bond following birth, and the style of maternal attachment; the main predictor of the bond with the child after birth is the bond with the child during the pregnancy. Conclusion: Those who provide care for pregnant women and new mothers should be aware of the complex psychological processes in the transition to motherhood, have knowledge about perinatal mental health, and when necessary, refer women to specialists such as support groups for new mothers, trained midwives, psychologists, psychotherapists, or psychiatrists.
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