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Wu Z, Li W, Tan M, How FYX, Sadhasivan H, Mahendran R, Wu Q, Chiong E, Le MTN. IL-12 minicircle delivery via extracellular vesicles as immunotherapy for bladder cancer. Cell Prolif 2024:e13739. [PMID: 39193804 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) holds significant potential in cancer therapy; however, its clinical applicability is hindered by dose-limiting toxicity. Delivery of the IL-12 gene directly to tumours for constitutive IL-12 expression is a possible strategy to enhance its effectiveness while minimizing systemic toxicity. In this study, we investigate the potential of red blood cell-derived extracellular vesicles (RBCEVs) as a carrier for Il-12 plasmid delivery. We demonstrate that RBCEVs can be loaded with minicircle plasmid encoding IL-12 and delivered to MB49 bladder cancer cells for IL-12 expression. The expression of transgenes from minicircles was significantly higher than from the parental plasmids. RBCEV-mediated IL-12 expression stimulated immune responses in mouse splenocytes. Intratumoral delivery of Il-12 plasmid-loaded RBCEVs suppressed bladder cancer tumour growth, stimulated immune responses and promoted immune cell infiltration. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the promising potential of RBCEVs as an effective, safe and redosable nucleic acid drug delivery platform for IL-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Melissa Tan
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Carmine Therapeutics, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Faith Yuan Xin How
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haripriya Sadhasivan
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ratha Mahendran
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qinghui Wu
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edmund Chiong
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Minh T N Le
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Therapy, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
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2
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Liu Y, Wang C, Chen G, Chen J, Chen W, Lei K, Li J, Pan Y, Li Y, Tang D, Li B, Zhao J, Zeng L. Patient derived cancer organoids model the response to HER2-CD3 bispecific antibody (BsAbHER2) generated from hydroxyapatite gene delivery system. Cancer Lett 2024; 597:217043. [PMID: 38876386 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
HER2-positive cancer is a prevalent subtype of malignancy with poor prognosis, yet current targeted therapies, like Trastuzumab and pyrotinib, have resulted in remission in patients with HER2-positive cancer. This study provides a novel approach for immunotherapy based on a hydroxyapatite (HA) gene delivery system producing a bispecific antibody for HER2-positive cancer treatment. An HA nanocarrier has been synthesized by the classical hydrothermal method. Particularly, the HA-nanoneedle system was able to mediate stable gene expression of minicircle DNA (MC) encoding a humanized anti-CD3/anti-HER2 bispecific antibody (BsAbHER2) in vivo. The produced BsAbs exhibited a potent killing effect not only in HER2-positive cancer cells but also in patient-derived organoids in vitro. This HA-nanoneedle gene delivery system features simple large-scale preparation and clinical applicability. Hence, the HA-nanoneedle gene delivery system combined with minicircle DNA vector encoding BsAbHER2 reported here provides a potential immunotherapy strategy for HER2-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Liu
- General Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, PR China; The Biobank, Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Chen Wang
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Guochuang Chen
- Syno Minicircle Biotechnology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Junzong Chen
- General Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- The Biobank, Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Kefeng Lei
- General Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jia Li
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yihang Pan
- The Biobank, Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, PR China
| | - You Li
- General Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Di Tang
- General Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Binbin Li
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- General Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Leli Zeng
- The Biobank, Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, PR China.
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Metanat Y, Viktor P, Amajd A, Kaur I, Hamed AM, Abed Al-Abadi NK, Alwan NH, Chaitanya MVNL, Lakshmaiya N, Ghildiyal P, Khalaf OM, Ciongradi CI, Sârbu I. The paths toward non-viral CAR-T cell manufacturing: A comprehensive review of state-of-the-art methods. Life Sci 2024; 348:122683. [PMID: 38702027 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Although CAR-T cell therapy has emerged as a game-changer in cancer immunotherapy several bottlenecks limit its widespread use as a front-line therapy. Current protocols for the production of CAR-T cells rely mainly on the use of lentiviral/retroviral vectors. Nevertheless, according to the safety concerns around the use of viral vectors, there are several regulatory hurdles to their clinical use. Large-scale production of viral vectors under "Current Good Manufacturing Practice" (cGMP) involves rigorous quality control assessments and regulatory requirements that impose exorbitant costs on suppliers and as a result, lead to a significant increase in the cost of treatment. Pursuing an efficient non-viral method for genetic modification of immune cells is a hot topic in cell-based gene therapy. This study aims to investigate the current state-of-the-art in non-viral methods of CAR-T cell manufacturing. In the first part of this study, after reviewing the advantages and disadvantages of the clinical use of viral vectors, different non-viral vectors and the path of their clinical translation are discussed. These vectors include transposons (sleeping beauty, piggyBac, Tol2, and Tc Buster), programmable nucleases (ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9), mRNA, plasmids, minicircles, and nanoplasmids. Afterward, various methods for efficient delivery of non-viral vectors into the cells are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekta Metanat
- Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran
| | - Patrik Viktor
- Óbuda University, Karoly Keleti faculty, Tavaszmező u. 15-17, H-1084 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ayesha Amajd
- Faculty of Transport and Aviation Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8 Street, 40-019 Katowice, Poland
| | - Irwanjot Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India; Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan-303012, India
| | | | | | | | - M V N L Chaitanya
- School of pharmaceutical sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab - 144411, India
| | | | - Pallavi Ghildiyal
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | | | - Carmen Iulia Ciongradi
- 2nd Department of Surgery-Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania.
| | - Ioan Sârbu
- 2nd Department of Surgery-Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania.
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Kawai MY, Yoshida T, Kato T, Watanabe T, Kashiwagi M, Yamanaka S, Yamamoto H, Nagahiro S, Iwamoto T, Masud K, Aoki K, Ohura K, Nakao K. bmp-2 Gene-Transferred Skeletal Muscles with Needle-Type Electrodes as Efficient and Reliable Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:880. [PMID: 38399131 PMCID: PMC10890310 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (bmp-2) has a high potential to induce bone tissue formation in skeletal muscles. We developed a bone induction system in skeletal muscles using the bmp-2 gene through in vivo electroporation. Natural bone tissues with skeletal muscles can be considered potential candidates for biomaterials. However, our previous system using plate-type electrodes did not achieve a 100% success rate in inducing bone tissues in skeletal muscles. In this study, we aimed to enhance the efficiency of bone tissue formation in skeletal muscles by using a non-viral bmp-2 gene expression plasmid vector (pCAGGS-bmp-2) and needle-type electrodes. METHODS We injected the bmp-2 gene with pCAGGS-bmp-2 into the skeletal muscles of rats' legs and immediately placed needle-type electrodes there. Skeletal tissues were then observed on the 21st day after gene transfer using soft X-ray and histological analyses. RESULTS The use of needle-type electrodes resulted in a 100% success rate in inducing bone tissues in skeletal muscles. In contrast, the plate-type electrodes only exhibited a 33% success rate. Thus, needle-type electrodes can be more efficient and reliable for transferring the bmp-2 gene to skeletal muscles, making them potential biomaterials for repairing bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Yamamoto Kawai
- Department of Welfare, Kansai Women’s College, Osaka 582-0026, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (T.Y.); (T.K.); (T.W.); (M.K.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.N.)
| | - Takeshi Yoshida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (T.Y.); (T.K.); (T.W.); (M.K.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.N.)
| | - Tomoki Kato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (T.Y.); (T.K.); (T.W.); (M.K.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.N.)
| | - Takuma Watanabe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (T.Y.); (T.K.); (T.W.); (M.K.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.N.)
| | - Marina Kashiwagi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (T.Y.); (T.K.); (T.W.); (M.K.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.N.)
| | - Shigeki Yamanaka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (T.Y.); (T.K.); (T.W.); (M.K.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.N.)
| | - Hiromitsu Yamamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (T.Y.); (T.K.); (T.W.); (M.K.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.N.)
| | - Shigeki Nagahiro
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry/Special Needs Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (S.N.); (T.I.)
| | - Tsutomu Iwamoto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry/Special Needs Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (S.N.); (T.I.)
| | - Khan Masud
- Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (K.M.); (K.A.)
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (K.M.); (K.A.)
| | - Kiyoshi Ohura
- Department of Nursing, Taisei Gakuin University, Osaka 587-8555, Japan;
- Graduate School, Division of Dental Research, Osaka Dental University, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Nakao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (T.Y.); (T.K.); (T.W.); (M.K.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.N.)
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5
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Abstract
This Review examines the state-of-the-art in the delivery of nucleic acid therapies that are directed to the vascular endothelium. First, we review the most important homeostatic functions and properties of the vascular endothelium and summarize the nucleic acid tools that are currently available for gene therapy and nucleic acid delivery. Second, we consider the opportunities available with the endothelium as a therapeutic target and the experimental models that exist to evaluate the potential of those opportunities. Finally, we review the progress to date from investigations that are directly targeting the vascular endothelium: for vascular disease, for peri-transplant therapy, for angiogenic therapies, for pulmonary endothelial disease, and for the blood-brain barrier, ending with a summary of the future outlook in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - W. Mark Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
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6
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Miyata M, Yoshida J, Takagishi I, Horie K. Comparison of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated megabase-scale genome deletion methods in mouse embryonic stem cells. DNA Res 2022; 30:6854440. [PMID: 36448318 PMCID: PMC9847339 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsac045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome contains large functional units ranging in size from hundreds of kilobases to megabases, such as gene clusters and topologically associating domains. To analyse these large functional units, the technique of deleting the entire functional unit is effective. However, deletion of such large regions is less efficient than conventional genome editing, especially in cultured cells, and a method that can ensure success is anticipated. Here, we compared methods to delete the 2.5-Mb Krüppel-associated box zinc finger protein (KRAB-ZFP) gene cluster in mouse embryonic stem cells using CRISPR-Cas9. Three methods were used: first, deletion by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ); second, homology-directed repair (HDR) using a single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide (ssODN); and third, HDR employing targeting vectors with a selectable marker and 1-kb homology arms. NHEJ-mediated deletion was achieved in 9% of the transfected cells. Inversion was also detected at similar efficiency. The deletion frequency of NHEJ and HDR was found to be comparable when the ssODN was transfected. Deletion frequency was highest when targeting vectors were introduced, with deletions occurring in 31-63% of the drug-resistant clones. Biallelic deletion was observed when targeting vectors were used. This study will serve as a benchmark for the introduction of large deletions into the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Miyata
- Department of Physiology II, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Junko Yoshida
- Department of Physiology II, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Itsuki Takagishi
- Department of Physiology II, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Kyoji Horie
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +81 744 23 4696. Fax: +81 744 23 4696.
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Vermeire G, De Smidt E, Geukens N, Williams JA, Declerck P, Hollevoet K. Improved Potency and Safety of DNA-Encoded Antibody Therapeutics Through Plasmid Backbone and Expression Cassette Engineering. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:1200-1209. [PMID: 34482757 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA-encoded delivery of antibodies presents a labor- and cost-effective alternative to conventional antibody therapeutics. This study aims to improve the potency and safety of this approach by evaluating various plasmid backbones and expression cassettes. In vitro, antibody levels consistently improved with decreasing sizes of backbone, ranging from conventional to minimal. In vivo, following intramuscular electrotransfer in mice, the correlation was less consistent. While the largest conventional plasmid (10.2 kb) gave the lowest monoclonal antibody (mAb) levels, a regular conventional plasmid (8.6 kb) demonstrated similar levels as a minimal Nanoplasmid (6.8 kb). A reduction in size beyond a standard conventional backbone thus did not improve mAb levels in vivo. Cassette modifications, such as swapping antibody chain order or use of two versus a single encoding plasmid, significantly increased antibody expression in vitro, but failed to translate in vivo. Conversely, a significant improvement in vivo but not in vitro was found with a set of muscle-specific promoters, of which a newly engineered variant gave roughly 1.5- to 2-fold higher plasma antibody concentrations than the ubiquitous CAG promoter. In conclusion, despite the limited translation between in vitro and in vivo, we identified various clinically relevant improvements to our DNA-based antibody platform, both in potency and biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giles Vermeire
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elien De Smidt
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,PharmAbs, the KU Leuven Antibody Center-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nick Geukens
- PharmAbs, the KU Leuven Antibody Center-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Paul Declerck
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,PharmAbs, the KU Leuven Antibody Center-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kevin Hollevoet
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,PharmAbs, the KU Leuven Antibody Center-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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8
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Fus-Kujawa A, Prus P, Bajdak-Rusinek K, Teper P, Gawron K, Kowalczuk A, Sieron AL. An Overview of Methods and Tools for Transfection of Eukaryotic Cells in vitro. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:701031. [PMID: 34354988 PMCID: PMC8330802 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.701031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfection is a powerful analytical tool enabling studies of gene products and functions in eukaryotic cells. Successful delivery of genetic material into cells depends on DNA quantity and quality, incubation time and ratio of transfection reagent to DNA, the origin, type and the passage of transfected cells, and the presence or absence of serum in the cell culture. So far a number of transfection methods that use viruses, non-viral particles or physical factors as the nucleic acids carriers have been developed. Among non-viral carriers, the cationic polymers are proposed as the most attractive ones due to the possibility of their chemical structure modification, low toxicity and immunogenicity. In this review the delivery systems as well as physical, biological and chemical methods used for eukaryotic cells transfection are described and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Fus-Kujawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Pawel Prus
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Students’ Scientific Society, Katowice, Poland
| | - Karolina Bajdak-Rusinek
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Paulina Teper
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gawron
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kowalczuk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Aleksander L. Sieron
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Hezarjaribi HZ, Soosaraei M, Fakhar M, Akhtari J, Rafiei A, Jorjani ON. Preparation and Characterization of A Nanoliposomal Vaccine of pcLACK Candidate Against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:527-533. [PMID: 33019941 DOI: 10.2174/1871526520666201005141159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is a public health problem and endemic in countries of the tropics and subtropics. An ongoing project with naked LACK (Leishmania homolog of receptors for activated C-kinase) demonstrated that this case of the gene is entirely susceptible to immune response and it does enter the cells effectively. This study aimed at developing a procedure to prepare a type of lipid nanoparticles overloaded with plasmid LACK (pcLACK) for usage as Leishmania major (L. major) nanoliposomal vaccine. MATERIALS AND METHODS The single-gene expression plasmid of pcLACK was encoded in the LACK antigen. Nanoparticles were set up by thin film procedure using cationic lipids 1, 2-Dioleoyl- 3-Trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP), 1, 2-Dioleoyl-snGlycero-3-Phosphoethanolamine (DOPE), and cholesterol in a molar proportion of 2:1:1 molar ratio. Using dynamic light scattering, the particle diameters of empty and loaded lipoplexes were measured in triplicate. The zeta-potential (ζ) was measured with the same instrument using the zeta potential mode as the average of 20 measurements by diluting the particles into a low salt buffer. RESULTS The results of the sustainability studies of Liposome-pcLACK formulation showed that there were no significant physical changes up to the 30th day of stability study at the storage condition of 4°C. However, there were significant changes in the formulation content during storage at 25°C for 30 days (204.2±0.90 at Day 30 compared with 207.2±0.26 nm at Day 0). It was observed that the prepared nanoliposomal formulation had more stability under refrigeration. CONCLUSION Immunostimulatory cationic lipids bearing a pcLACK encapsulation could serve as an effective delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Iranian National Registry Center for Toxoplasmosis(INRCT), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Masoud Soosaraei
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Iranian National Registry Center for Toxoplasmosis(INRCT), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Fakhar
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Iranian National Registry Center for Toxoplasmosis(INRCT), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Javad Akhtari
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Iranian National Registry Center for Toxoplasmosis(INRCT), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Alireza Rafiei
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Oghol Niaz Jorjani
- Laboratory Science Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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10
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Ando H, Ishida T. An RNAi therapeutic, DFP-10825, for intraperitoneal and intrapleural malignant cancers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 154-155:27-36. [PMID: 32781056 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi), a potent post-transcriptional gene-silencing action, has received considerable attentions as a novel therapeutic tool to treat intractable cancers. In recent days, we have developed a novel RNAi-based therapeutic formulation, DFP-10825, for the treatment of intractable advanced cancers developed in coelomic cavities. DFP-10825 was composed of chemically synthesized short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against thymidylate synthase (TS), a key enzyme for cancer proliferation, and cationic liposomes, and achieved high therapeutic effect on the mouse models of peritoneally disseminated gastric and ovarian cancers and malignant pleural mesothelioma without severe side effects by intracoelomic direct treatment. We further designed a freeze-dried DFP-10825 formulation for mass industrial production. DFP-10825 is undergoing in pre-clinical phase and goes to clinical trials. This review introduces a DFP-10825 formulation, a potent novel RNAi-based therapeutic maximizing the benefit of RNAi molecule (shRNA).
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11
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Xiao W, Zhang W, Huang H, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Guo X, Jin C, Liao X, Yao S, Chen G, Song X. Cancer Targeted Gene Therapy for Inhibition of Melanoma Lung Metastasis with eIF3i shRNA Loaded Liposomes. Mol Pharm 2019; 17:229-238. [PMID: 31765158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factors 3i (eIF3i) is a proto-oncogene that is overexpressed in various tumors, reducing its expression by eIF3i shRNA is a promising strategy to inhibit tumor growth or metastasis. Tumor cell is the target of eIF3i shRNA so that tumor-site accumulation could be important for fulfilling its therapeutic effect. Thus, the iRGD modified liposome (R-LP) was rationally synthesized to enhance the antitumor effect by active targeted delivery of eIF3i shRNA to B16F10 melanoma cells. R-LP encapsulating eIF3i shRNA gene (R-LP/sheIF3i) were prepared by a film dispersion method. The transfection experiment proves that R-LP could effectively transfect B16F10 cells. R-LP/sheIF3i notably restrained the migration, invasion, and adhesion of melanoma cells in vitro. In a mouse model of lung metastasis, R-LP/sheIF3i administered by intravenous injection suppressed pulmonary metastasis of melanoma by dramatically downregulated eIF3i expression and subsequently inhibiting tumor neovascularization and tumor cells proliferation in vivo. Our results provide a basis for tumor cells targeting strategies to reduce the expression of eIF3i by RNAi in the treatment of tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Geriatrics and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Sichuan University , Chengdu , 610041 , China
| | - Weiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Geriatrics and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Sichuan University , Chengdu , 610041 , China
| | - Hai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Geriatrics and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Sichuan University , Chengdu , 610041 , China
| | - Yafei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Geriatrics and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Sichuan University , Chengdu , 610041 , China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Geriatrics and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Sichuan University , Chengdu , 610041 , China
| | - Xia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Geriatrics and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Sichuan University , Chengdu , 610041 , China
| | - Chaohui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Geriatrics and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Sichuan University , Chengdu , 610041 , China
| | - Xuelian Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Geriatrics and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Sichuan University , Chengdu , 610041 , China
| | - Shaohua Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Geriatrics and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Sichuan University , Chengdu , 610041 , China
| | - Guo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Geriatrics and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Sichuan University , Chengdu , 610041 , China
| | - Xiangrong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Geriatrics and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Sichuan University , Chengdu , 610041 , China
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12
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Abstract
Designer nucleases are versatile tools for genome modification and therapy development and have gained widespread accessibility with the advent of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) technology. Prokaryotic RNA-guided nucleases of CRISPR/Cas type, since first being adopted as editing tools in eukaryotic cells, have experienced rapid uptake and development. Diverse modes of delivery by viral and non-viral vectors and ongoing discovery and engineering of new CRISPR/Cas-type tools with alternative target site requirements, cleavage patterns and DNA- or RNA-specific action continue to expand the versatility of this family of nucleases. CRISPR/Cas-based molecules may also act without double-strand breaks as DNA base editors or even without single-stranded cleavage, be it as epigenetic regulators, transcription factors or RNA base editors, with further scope for discovery and development. For many potential therapeutic applications of CRISPR/Cas-type molecules and their derivatives, efficiencies still need to be improved and safety issues addressed, including those of preexisting immunity against Cas molecules, off-target activity and recombination and sequence alterations relating to double-strand-break events. This review gives a concise overview of current CRISPR/Cas tools, applications, concerns and trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Patsali
- Department of Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 International Airport Avenue, 1683, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marina Kleanthous
- Department of Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 International Airport Avenue, 1683, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Carsten W Lederer
- Department of Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 International Airport Avenue, 1683, Nicosia, Cyprus.
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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13
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Independent validation of induced overexpression efficiency across 242 experiments shows a success rate of 39. Sci Rep 2019; 9:343. [PMID: 30674897 PMCID: PMC6344512 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36122-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although numerous studies containing induced gene expression have already been published, independent authentication of their results has not yet been performed. Here, we utilized available transcriptomic data to validate the achieved efficiency in overexpression studies. Microarray data of experiments containing cell lines with induced overexpression in one or more genes were analyzed. All together 342 studies were processed, these include 242 different genes overexpressed in 184 cell lines. The final database includes 4,755 treatment-control sample pairs. Successful gene induction (fold change induction over 1.44) was validated in 39.3% of all genes at p < 0.05. Number of repetitions within a study (p < 0.0001) and type of used vector (p = 0.023) had significant impact on successful overexpression efficacy. In summary, over 60% of studies failed to deliver a reproducible overexpression. To achieve higher efficiency, robust and strict study design with multi-level quality control will be necessary.
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14
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Yu H, Pan HM, Trau D, Patzel V. Capsule-like Safe Genetic Vectors-Cell-Penetrating Core-Shell Particles Selectively Release Functional Small RNA and Entrap Its Encoding DNA. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:21113-21124. [PMID: 29869496 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The breakthrough of genetic therapy is set back by the lack of suitable genetic vector systems. We present the development of permeability-tunable, capsule-like, polymeric, micron-sized, core-shell particles for delivery of recombinant nucleic acids into target cells. These particles were demonstrated to effectively release rod-shaped small hairpin RNA and to selectively retain the RNA-encoding DNA template, which was designed to form a bulky tripartite structure. Thus, they can serve as delivery vectors preloaded with cargo RNA or alternatively as RNA-producing micro-bioreactors. The internalization of particles by human tissue culture cells inversely correlated with particle size and with the cell to particle ratio, although at a higher than stoichiometric excess of particles over cells, cell viability was impaired. Among primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, up to 50% of the monocytes displayed positive uptake of particles. Finally, these particles efficiently delivered siRNA into HEK293T cells triggering functional knockdown of the target gene lamin A/C. Particle-mediated knockdown was superior to that observed after conventional siRNA delivery via lipofection. Core-shell particles protect encapsulated nucleic acids from degradation and target cell genomes from direct contact with recombinant DNA, thus representing a promising delivery vector system that can be explored for genetic therapy and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , 5 Science Drive 2 , 117545 , Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 61 Biopolis Drive , 138673 , Singapore
| | - Houwen Matthew Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3 , 117583 , Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 70 Nanyang Drive , 637457 , Singapore
| | - Dieter Trau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3 , 117583 , Singapore
| | - Volker Patzel
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , 5 Science Drive 2 , 117545 , Singapore
- Department of Medicine , Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 0QQ , U.K
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15
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Wang X, Kawabe Y, Hada T, Ito A, Kamihira M. Cre-Mediated Transgene Integration in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Using Minicircle DNA Vectors. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1800063. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University; 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kawabe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University; 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Takeshi Hada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University; 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Akira Ito
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University; 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Masamichi Kamihira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University; 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, 819-0395 Japan
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16
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Comparative Study of Diethylaminoethyl-Chitosan and Methylglycol-Chitosan as Potential Non-Viral Vectors for Gene Therapy. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10040442. [PMID: 30966477 PMCID: PMC6415247 DOI: 10.3390/polym10040442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we compared the transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity of methylglycol-chitosan (MG-CS) and diethylaminoethyl-chitosan (DEAE-CSI and DEAE-CSII with degrees of substitution of 1.2 and 0.57, respectively) to that of Lipofectamine (used as a reference transfection vector). MG-CS contains quaternary amines to improve DNA binding, whereas the DEAE-CS exhibits pH buffering capability that would ostensibly enhance transfection efficiency by promoting endosomal escape. Gel retardation assays showed that both DEAE-CS and MG-CS bound to DNA at a polysaccharide:DNA mass ratio of 2:1. In Calu-3 cells, the DNA transfection activity was significantly better with MG-CS than with DEAE-CS, and the efficiency improved with increasing polysaccharide:DNA ratios. By contrast, the efficiency of DEAE-CSI and DEAE-CSII was independent of the polysaccharide:DNA ratio. Conversely, in the transfection-recalcitrant JAWSII cells, both Lipofectamine and MG-CS showed significantly lower DNA transfection activity than in Calu-3 cells, whereas the efficiency of DEAE-CSI and DEAE-CSII was similar in both cell lines. The toxicity of DEAE-CS increased with increasing concentrations of the polymer and its degree of substitution, whereas MG-CS demonstrated negligible cytotoxicity, even at the highest concentration studied. Overall, MG-CS proved to be a more efficient and less toxic transfection agent when compared to DEAE-CS.
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17
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Suschak JJ, Williams JA, Schmaljohn CS. Advancements in DNA vaccine vectors, non-mechanical delivery methods, and molecular adjuvants to increase immunogenicity. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017. [PMID: 28604157 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A major advantage of DNA vaccination is the ability to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses. DNA vaccines are currently used in veterinary medicine, but have not achieved widespread acceptance for use in humans due to their low immunogenicity in early clinical studies. However, recent clinical data have re-established the value of DNA vaccines, particularly in priming high-level antigen-specific antibody responses. Several approaches have been investigated for improving DNA vaccine efficacy, including advancements in DNA vaccine vector design, the inclusion of genetically engineered cytokine adjuvants, and novel non-mechanical delivery methods. These strategies have shown promise, resulting in augmented adaptive immune responses in not only mice, but also in large animal models. Here, we review advancements in each of these areas that show promise for increasing the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Suschak
- a U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | | | - Connie S Schmaljohn
- a U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
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18
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Jeong GW, Nah JW. Evaluation of disulfide bond-conjugated LMWSC-g-bPEI as non-viral vector for low cytotoxicity and efficient gene delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 178:322-330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Genetically encoded iron-associated proteins as MRI reporters for molecular and cellular imaging. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 10. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Lopes A, Vanvarenberg K, Préat V, Vandermeulen G. Codon-Optimized P1A-Encoding DNA Vaccine: Toward a Therapeutic Vaccination against P815 Mastocytoma. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 8:404-415. [PMID: 28918040 PMCID: PMC5537203 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
DNA vaccine can be modified to increase protein production and modulate immune response. To enhance the efficiency of a P815 mastocytoma DNA vaccine, the P1A gene sequence was optimized by substituting specific codons with synonymous ones while modulating the number of CpG motifs. The P815A murine antigen production was increased with codon-optimized plasmids. The number of CpG motifs within the P1A gene sequence modulated the immunogenicity by inducing a local increase in the cytokines involved in innate immunity. After prophylactic immunization with the optimized vaccines, tumor growth was significantly delayed and mice survival was improved. Consistently, a more pronounced intratumoral recruitment of CD8+ T cells and a memory response were observed. Therapeutic vaccination was able to delay tumor growth when the codon-optimized DNA vaccine containing the highest number of CpG motifs was used. Our data demonstrate the therapeutic potential of optimized P1A vaccine against P815 mastocytoma, and they show the dual role played by codon optimization on both protein production and innate immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Lopes
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue E. Mounier 73, B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kevin Vanvarenberg
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue E. Mounier 73, B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Préat
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue E. Mounier 73, B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Gaëlle Vandermeulen
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue E. Mounier 73, B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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21
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Suschak JJ, Williams JA, Schmaljohn CS. Advancements in DNA vaccine vectors, non-mechanical delivery methods, and molecular adjuvants to increase immunogenicity. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:2837-2848. [PMID: 28604157 PMCID: PMC5718814 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1330236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A major advantage of DNA vaccination is the ability to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses. DNA vaccines are currently used in veterinary medicine, but have not achieved widespread acceptance for use in humans due to their low immunogenicity in early clinical studies. However, recent clinical data have re-established the value of DNA vaccines, particularly in priming high-level antigen-specific antibody responses. Several approaches have been investigated for improving DNA vaccine efficacy, including advancements in DNA vaccine vector design, the inclusion of genetically engineered cytokine adjuvants, and novel non-mechanical delivery methods. These strategies have shown promise, resulting in augmented adaptive immune responses in not only mice, but also in large animal models. Here, we review advancements in each of these areas that show promise for increasing the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Suschak
- a U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | | | - Connie S Schmaljohn
- a U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
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22
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Hollevoet K, Declerck PJ. State of play and clinical prospects of antibody gene transfer. J Transl Med 2017; 15:131. [PMID: 28592330 PMCID: PMC5463339 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are one of today's most successful therapeutic classes in inflammatory diseases and oncology. A wider accessibility and implementation, however, is hampered by the high product cost and prolonged need for frequent administration. The surge in more effective mAb combination therapies further adds to the costs and risk of toxicity. To address these issues, antibody gene transfer seeks to administer to patients the mAb-encoding nucleotide sequence, rather than the mAb protein. This allows the body to produce its own medicine in a cost- and labor-effective manner, for a prolonged period of time. Expressed mAbs can be secreted systemically or locally, depending on the production site. The current review outlines the state of play and clinical prospects of antibody gene transfer, thereby highlighting recent innovations, opportunities and remaining hurdles. Different expression platforms and a multitude of administration sites have been pursued. Viral vector-mediated mAb expression thereby made the most significant strides. Therapeutic proof of concept has been demonstrated in mice and non-human primates, and intramuscular vectored mAb therapy is under clinical evaluation. However, viral vectors face limitations, particularly in terms of immunogenicity. In recent years, naked DNA has gained ground as an alternative. Attained serum mAb titers in mice, however, remain far below those obtained with viral vectors, and robust pharmacokinetic data in larger animals is limited. The broad translatability of DNA-based antibody therapy remains uncertain, despite ongoing evaluation in patients. RNA presents another emerging platform for antibody gene transfer. Early reports in mice show that mRNA may be able to rival with viral vectors in terms of generated serum mAb titers, although expression appears more short-lived. Overall, substantial progress has been made in the clinical translation of antibody gene transfer. While challenges persist, clinical prospects are amplified by ongoing innovations and the versatility of antibody gene transfer. Clinical introduction can be expedited by selecting the platform approach currently best suited for the mAb or disease of interest. Innovations in expression platform, administration and antibody technology are expected to further improve overall safety and efficacy, and unlock the vast clinical potential of antibody gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Hollevoet
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 2, P.B. 820, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul J. Declerck
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 2, P.B. 820, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Zylberberg C, Gaskill K, Pasley S, Matosevic S. Engineering liposomal nanoparticles for targeted gene therapy. Gene Ther 2017; 24:441-452. [PMID: 28504657 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2017.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent mechanistic studies have attempted to deepen our understanding of the process by which liposome-mediated delivery of genetic material occurs. Understanding the interactions between lipid nanoparticles and cells is still largely elusive. Liposome-mediated delivery of genetic material faces systemic obstacles alongside entry into the cell, endosomal escape, lysosomal degradation and nuclear uptake. Rational design approaches for targeted delivery have been developed to reduce off-target effects and enhance transfection. These strategies, which have included the modification of lipid nanoparticles with target-specific ligands to enhance intracellular uptake, have shown significant promise at the proof-of-concept stage. Control of physical and chemical specifications of liposome composition, which includes lipid-to-DNA charge, size, presence of ester bonds, chain length and nature of ligand complexation, is integral to the performance of targeted liposomes as genetic delivery agents. Clinical advances are expected to rely on such systems in the therapeutic application of liposome nanoparticle-based gene therapy. Here, we discuss the latest breakthroughs in the development of targeted liposome-based agents for the delivery of genetic material, paying particular attention to new ligand and cationic lipid design as well as recent in vivo advances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S Pasley
- Akron Biotech, Boca Raton, FL, USA
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24
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Hardee CL, Arévalo-Soliz LM, Hornstein BD, Zechiedrich L. Advances in Non-Viral DNA Vectors for Gene Therapy. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:E65. [PMID: 28208635 PMCID: PMC5333054 DOI: 10.3390/genes8020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Uses of viral vectors have thus far eclipsed uses of non-viral vectors for gene therapy delivery in the clinic. Viral vectors, however, have certain issues involving genome integration, the inability to be delivered repeatedly, and possible host rejection. Fortunately, development of non-viral DNA vectors has progressed steadily, especially in plasmid vector length reduction, now allowing these tools to fill in specifically where viral or other non-viral vectors may not be the best options. In this review, we examine the improvements made to non-viral DNA gene therapy vectors, highlight opportunities for their further development, address therapeutic needs for which their use is the logical choice, and discuss their future expansion into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinnamon L. Hardee
- Interdepartmental Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.M.A.-S.); (B.D.H.)
| | - Lirio Milenka Arévalo-Soliz
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.M.A.-S.); (B.D.H.)
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Hornstein
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.M.A.-S.); (B.D.H.)
| | - Lynn Zechiedrich
- Interdepartmental Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.M.A.-S.); (B.D.H.)
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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