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Alikord M, Mohammadi A, Kamankesh M, Shariatifar N. Food safety and quality assessment: comprehensive review and recent trends in the applications of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4833-4866. [PMID: 33554631 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1879003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is an analytical separation and diagnostic technique that is simple and sensitive and a rapid response and low-priced technique for detecting trace levels of chemical compounds in different matrices. Chemical agents and environmental contaminants are successfully detected by IMS and have been recently considered to employ in food safety. In addition, IMS uses stand-alone or coupled analytical diagnostic tools with chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. Scientific publications show that IMS has been applied 21% in the pharmaceutical industry, 9% in environmental studies and 13% in quality control and food safety. Nevertheless, applications of IMS in food safety and quality analysis have not been adequately explored. This review presents the IMS-related analysis and focuses on the application of IMS in food safety and quality. This review presents the important topics including detection of traces of chemicals, rate of food spoilage and freshness, food adulteration and authenticity as well as natural toxins, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, veterinary, and growth promoter drug residues. Further, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), acrylamide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), biogenic amines, nitrosamine, furfural, phenolic compounds, heavy metals, food packaging materials, melamine, and food additives were also examined for the first time. Therefore, it is logical to predict that the application of the IMS technique in food safety, food quality, and contaminant analysis will be impressively increased in the future. HighlightsCurrent status of IMS for residues and contaminant detection in food safety.To assess all the detected contaminants in food safety, for the first time.Identified IMS-related parameters and chemical compounds in food safety control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Alikord
- Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdorreza Mohammadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Kamankesh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Nabi Shariatifar
- Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Halal Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Orisakwe OE, Igweze ZN, Udowelle NA. Candy consumption may add to the body burden of lead and cadmium of children in Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:1921-1931. [PMID: 30460652 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3706-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The affordability of candies and chocolates makes their consumption common especially in children. Heavy metal contamination of these candies is well known. This study has estimated health risks associated with heavy metals (HM; Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Zn) in commonly consumed candies in Nigeria. Fifty candies/sweets and chocolates/chewing gums bought from different stores in Port Harcourt and Uyo in Niger Delta, Nigeria, were processed and digested in perchloric acid. The filtrate was analyzed for these heavy metals using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Pb/Zn and Cd/Zn ratios were calculated. Daily intake, the target hazard quotient (THQ), the hazard index (HI), and the cancer risk were estimated for children. About 80% of the samples exceeded the 0.1 mg/kg permissible lead level in candies. Milk sweet had the highest Pb:Zn and Cd:Zn ratios of 0.99 and 0.40 respectively. For chocolates, the Emperor had the highest Pb:Zn (0.50) ratios and Trident had the highest Cd:Zn (0.57) ratios. The calculated percentage provisional tolerable weekly intake (%PTWI) of cadmium from consumption of chocolates and candies was higher than the Joint Expert Committee for Food Additives (JECFA) standard, and the cancer risk of lead, cadmium, and chromium ranged between 10-7 and 10-3. Consumption of some candies by children in Nigeria may pose significant health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orish Ebere Orisakwe
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port-Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
| | - Zelinjo Nkeiruka Igweze
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Madonna University, Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Nnaemeka Arinze Udowelle
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port-Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
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Cai H, Ji S, Zhang J, Tao G, Peng C, Hou R, Zhang L, Sun Y, Wan X. Migration kinetics of four photo-initiators from paper food packaging to solid food simulants. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 34:1632-1642. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1331470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Cai
- School of Tea & Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuilin Ji
- School of Tea & Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Juzhou Zhang
- National Agricultural and sideline products processing food quality supervision and inspection center, Auhui Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hefei, China
| | - Gushuai Tao
- School of Tea & Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chuanyi Peng
- School of Tea & Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ruyan Hou
- School of Tea & Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Tea & Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Sun
- School of Tea & Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- School of Tea & Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Guo T, Yong W, Jin Y, Zhang L, Liu J, Wang S, Chen Q, Dong Y, Su H, Tan T. Applications of DART-MS for food quality and safety assurance in food supply chain. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2017; 36:161-187. [PMID: 25975720 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Direct analysis in real time (DART) represents a new generation of ion source which is used for rapid ionization of small molecules under ambient conditions. The combination of DART and various mass spectrometers allows analyzing multiple food samples with simple or no sample treatment, or in conjunction with prevailing protocolized sample preparation methods. Abundant applications by DART-MS have been reviewed in this paper. The DART-MS strategy applied to food supply chain (FSC), including production, processing, and storage and transportation, provides a comprehensive solution to various food components, contaminants, authenticity, and traceability. Additionally, typical applications available in food analysis by other ambient ionization mass spectrometers were summarized, and fundamentals mainly including mechanisms, devices, and parameters were discussed as well. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev. 36:161-187, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yong
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100123, P.R. China
| | - Yong Jin
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100123, P.R. China
| | - Liya Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Sai Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Qilong Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yiyang Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Haijia Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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Aznar M, Alfaro P, Nerín C, Jones E, Riches E. Progress in mass spectrometry for the analysis of set-off phenomena in plastic food packaging materials. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1453:124-33. [PMID: 27215462 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In most cases, food packaging materials contain inks whose components can migrate to food by diffusion through the material as well as by set-off phenomena. In this work, different mass spectrometry approaches had been used in order to identify and confirm the presence of ink components in ethanol (95%) and Tenax(®) as food simulants. Three different sets of materials, manufactured with different printing technologies and with different structures, were analyzed. Sample analysis by ultra performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), using a quadrupole-time of flight (Q-TOF) as a mass analyser proved to be an excellent tool for identification purposes while ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) shown to be very useful for the confirmation of the candidates proposed. The results showed the presence of different non-volatile ink components in migration such as colorants (Solvent Red 49), plasticizers (dimethyl sebacate, tributyl o-acetyl citrate) or surfactants (SchercodineM, triethylene glycol caprilate). An oxidation product of an ink additive (triphenyl phosphine oxide) was also detected. In addition, a surface analysis technique, desorption electrospray mass spectrometry (DESI-MS), was used for analyzing the distribution of some ink components (tributyl o-acetyl citrate Schercodine L, phthalates) in the material. The detection of some of these compounds in the back-printed side confirmed the transference of this compound from the non-food to the food contact side. The results also showed that concentration of ink migrants decreased when an aluminum or polypropylene layer covered the ink. When aluminum was used, concentration of most of ink migrants decreased, and for 5 out of the 9 even disappeared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Aznar
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Grupo GUIA, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Alfaro
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Grupo GUIA, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Nerín
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Grupo GUIA, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Emrys Jones
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow, SK9 4AX, UK
| | - Eleanor Riches
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow, SK9 4AX, UK
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Clemente I, Aznar M, Nerín C, Bosetti O. Migration from printing inks in multilayer food packaging materials by GC-MS analysis and pattern recognition with chemometrics. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 33:703-14. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1155757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lago MA, Ackerman LK. Identification of print-related contaminants in food packaging. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 33:518-29. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1136435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lago MA, Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós A, Sendón R, Bustos J, Nieto MT, Paseiro P. Photoinitiators: a food safety review. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32:779-98. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1014866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Bentayeb K, Ackerman L, Lord T, Begley T. Non-visible print set-off of photoinitiators in food packaging: detection by ambient ionisation mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:750-9. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2012.762694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bentayeb K, Ackerman LK, Begley TH. Ambient ionization-accurate mass spectrometry (AMI-AMS) for the identification of nonvisible set-off in food-contact materials. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:1914-1920. [PMID: 22250944 PMCID: PMC5624519 DOI: 10.1021/jf204456z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Set-off is the unintentional transfer of substances used in printing from the external printed surface of food packaging to the inner, food-contact surface. Ambient ionization-accurate mass spectrometry (AMI-AMS) detected and identified compounds from print set-off not visible to the human eye. AMI mass spectra from inner and outer surfaces of printed and nonprinted food packaging were compared to detect and identify nonvisible set-off components. A protocol to identify unknowns was developed using a custom open-source database of printing inks and food-packaging compounds. The protocol matched print-related food-contact surface ions with the molecular formulas of common ions, isotopes, and fragments of compounds from the database. AMI-AMS was able to detect print set-off and identify seven different compounds. Set-off on the packaging samples was confirmed using gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis of single-sided solvent extracts. N-Ethyl-2(and 4)-methylbenzenesulfonamide, 2,4-diphenyl-4-methyl-1(and 2)-pentene, and 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyne-4,7-diol were present on the food-contact layer at concentrations from 0.21 to 2.7 ± 1.6 μg dm⁻², corresponding to nearly milligram per kilogram concentrations in the packaged food. Other minor set-off compounds were detected only by AMI-AMS, a fast, simple, and thorough technique to detect and identify set-off in food packaging.
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Braekevelt E, Lau BPY, Feng S, Ménard C, Tittlemier SA. Determination of melamine, ammeline, ammelide and cyanuric acid in infant formula purchased in Canada by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2011; 28:698-704. [PMID: 21623492 PMCID: PMC3118506 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2010.545442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based isotope dilution method was developed for the analysis of the triazine compounds melamine (MEL), ammeline (AMN), ammelide (AMD) and cyanuric acid (CYA) in infant formula samples purchased in Canada in 2008 for the purpose of a combined exposure and risk assessment. Infant formula samples were extracted with 1:1 acetonitrile-water, cleaned up on disposable ion-exchange solid-phase extraction cartridges, and analysed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. MEL and CYA were detected in almost all infant formula products: the highest concentrations observed were 0.32 mg kg(-1) MEL and 0.45 mg kg(-1) CYA. Samples that were relatively high in MEL in this survey tended to be low in CYA, and vice versa. Concentrations of AMN and AMD were very low in all samples. The total of MEL-related compounds (sum of all four analytes) in all samples was below the interim standard of 0.5 mg kg(-1) for infant formula products established by Health Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Braekevelt
- Food Research Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Poças MDF, Oliveira JC, Pereira JR, Brandsch R, Hogg T. Modelling migration from paper into a food simulant. Food Control 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Poovarodom N, Tangmongkollert P, Jinkarn T, Chonhenchob V. Survey of counterfeit melamine tableware available on the market in Thailand, and its migration. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2011; 28:251-8. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2010.536168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Foster E, Mathers J, Adamson A. Packaged food intake by British children aged 0 to 6 years. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2010; 27:380-8. [DOI: 10.1080/19440040903367161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Tittlemier S. Methods for the analysis of melamine and related compounds in foods: a review. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2010; 27:129-45. [DOI: 10.1080/19440040903289720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ackerman L, Noonan G, Begley T. Assessing direct analysis in real-time-mass spectrometry (DART-MS) for the rapid identification of additives in food packaging. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2009; 26:1611-8. [DOI: 10.1080/02652030903232753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lund KH, Petersen JH. Migration of formaldehyde and melamine monomers from kitchen- and tableware made of melamine plastic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 23:948-55. [PMID: 16901863 DOI: 10.1080/02652030500415660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Migration of one or both formaldehyde and/or melamine monomers was found in seven of ten tested melamine samples bought on the Danish market. The samples were a bowl, a jug, a mug, a ladle, and different cups and plates. No violation of the European Union-specific migration limits for melamine (30 mg kg-1) and formaldehyde (15 mg kg-1) was found after three successive exposures to the food stimulant 3% acetic acid after 2 h at 70 degrees Celsius. To investigate the effects of long-term use, migration tests were performed with two types of cups from a day nursery. Furthermore, medium-term use was studied by ten successive exposures of a plate to 3% acetic acid for 30 min at 95 degrees Celsius. The results indicate that continuous migration of formaldehyde and melamine takes place during the lifetime of these articles. The molar ratio of released formaldehyde to melamine was seen to decrease from 12 to about 5. This indicates that, first, the migration of residual monomers is most important, but in the long-term, breakdown of the polymer dominates. Two CEN methods were used to determine the concentration of monomers: a spectrophotometric method for formaldehyde and a UV-HPLC method for melamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Lund
- Division of Residues, Danish Veterinary and Food Administration, 4 Søndervang, DK-4100 Ringsted, Denmark
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