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Lee HJ, Kim HD, Ryu D. Practical Strategies to Reduce Ochratoxin A in Foods. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:58. [PMID: 38276534 PMCID: PMC10819544 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA), a potent nephrotoxin, is one of the most deleterious mycotoxins, with its prevalence in agricultural crops and their processed foods around the world. OTA is a major concern to food safety, as OTA exposure through dietary intake may lead to a significant level of accumulation in the body as a result of its long half-life (about 35 days). Its potent renal toxicity and high risk of exposure as well as the difficulty in controlling environmental factors OTA production has prompted the need for timely information on practical strategies for the food industry to effectively manage OTA contamination during food processing. The effects of various food processes, including both nonthermal and thermal methods, on the reduction in OTA were summarized in this review, with emphasis on the toxicity of residual OTA as well as its known and unknown degradation products. Since complete removal of OTA from foodstuffs is not feasible, additional strategies that may facilitate the reduction in OTA in food, such as adding baking soda and sugars, was also discussed, so that the industry may understand and apply practical measures to ensure the safety of its products destined for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA;
| | - Hae Dun Kim
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA;
| | - Dojin Ryu
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
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Zhang J, Xu D, Zhang Y, Luo Z, Zhao Y, Zheng X, Yang H, Zhou Y. Gold nanoparticle-mediated fluorescence immunoassay for rapid and sensitive detection of Ochratoxin A. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 304:123312. [PMID: 37683440 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a fluorescence immunoassay based on horseradish peroxidase-labeled IgG (HRP-IgG)-modified gold nanoparticle (AuNP@HRP-IgG) probe was established for detection of ochratoxin A (OTA). Through the catalysis of HRP, the dopamine (DA) and 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHA) can rapidly generate azamonardine fluorescence compound (AFC) with intense yellow fluorescence. Large amounts of AFC can be formed within 4 min, which led to fluorescence enhancement at 545 nm. This new method displayed high sensitivity with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.18 ng/mL and a linear range of 0.78-200 ng/mL for OTA. Meanwhile, the recoveries of OTA in corn samples were 101.41% - 113.45%. Due to the universality of the probe and the rapidity of signal output, the fluorescence immunoassay allowed rapid and sensitive detection of targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiang Zhang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, 266 Jingmi Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Die Xu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, 266 Jingmi Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, 266 Jingmi Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Zhenzhen Luo
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, 266 Jingmi Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, 266 Jingmi Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Xiaolong Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, 266 Jingmi Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Hualin Yang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, 266 Jingmi Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, 266 Jingmi Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, 266 Jingmi Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.
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Santanatoglia A, Angeloni S, Bartolucci D, Fioretti L, Sagratini G, Vittori S, Caprioli G. Effect of Brewing Methods on Acrylamide Content and Antioxidant Activity: Studying Eight Different Filter Coffee Preparations. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1888. [PMID: 37891967 PMCID: PMC10604660 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the parameters affecting the extraction of positive molecules such as chlorogenic acids and antioxidants, as well as potentially carcinogenic substances such as acrylamide, in different coffee brewing methods. Three coffee varieties, each assigned a different roasting degree, were used to prepare coffee brews following eight different preparation methods. Acrylamide was quantified using the HPLC-MS/MS instrument, while chlorogenic acids and caffeine were quantified using the HPLC-DAD system. Three spectrophotometric analyses were also performed (DPPH, TFC and TPC) to evaluate antioxidant activity. The results showed that the main brewing parameters, which have the greatest influence on the final content of these compounds, were the volume of water used, more specifically the brewing ratio (coffee to water ratio), the extraction time and the particle size of the coffee powder. In addition, the variables that have the greatest impact on the discrimination of the preparation methods studied are total chlorogenic acid content, TFC, TPC, caffeine and the DPPH assay. For this reason, the recipe and infusion parameters used for each of the extraction systems are the key factors that determine the extraction of coffee components and, consequently, the quality of the cup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Santanatoglia
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9/B, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (A.S.); (S.A.); (G.S.); (S.V.)
- Research and Innovation Coffee Hub, Via Emilio Betti 1, 62020 Belforte del Chienti, Italy;
| | - Simone Angeloni
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9/B, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (A.S.); (S.A.); (G.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Davide Bartolucci
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9/B, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Lauro Fioretti
- Research and Innovation Coffee Hub, Via Emilio Betti 1, 62020 Belforte del Chienti, Italy;
| | - Gianni Sagratini
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9/B, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (A.S.); (S.A.); (G.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Sauro Vittori
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9/B, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (A.S.); (S.A.); (G.S.); (S.V.)
- Research and Innovation Coffee Hub, Via Emilio Betti 1, 62020 Belforte del Chienti, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9/B, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (A.S.); (S.A.); (G.S.); (S.V.)
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4
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Xiao Y, Zhang X, Ma L, Fang H, Yang H, Zhou Y. Fluorescence and absorbance dual-mode immunoassay for detecting Ochratoxin A. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 279:121440. [PMID: 35660151 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a simple dual-mode immunoassay for detecting Ochratoxin A (OTA) was developed by mixing G-quadruplex/N-methylmesoporphyrin IX (G4/NMM) and 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). The fluorescence of G4/NMM can be quenched by oxidized TMB (oxTMB) because the absorbance of oxTMB overlapped with the fluorescence emission of G4/NMM. In the absence of OTA, large amounts of oxTMB were formed with blue color and the fluorescence of G4/NMM was quenched. In the presence of OTA, the concentration of oxTMB was decreased, therefore the fluorescence of G4/NMM increased. The linear range of fluorescence immunoassay was 0.195-25 ng/mL, and the linear range of the absorbance immunoassay was 0.049-1.563 ng/mL. Thus, the linear range of this dual-mode immunoassay can be expanded to 0.049-25 ng/mL. Meanwhile, the new method showed good selectivity for OTA. Besides, the satisfactory recovery rates implied the new method had a potential value for practical sample detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, 266 Jingmi Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Xingping Zhang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, 266 Jingmi Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China; State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liyuan Ma
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, 266 Jingmi Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Huajuan Fang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, 266 Jingmi Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Hualin Yang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, 266 Jingmi Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, 266 Jingmi Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China; College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, 266 Jingmi Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.
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Kim J, Nedwidek-Moore M, Kim K. Safest Roasting Times of Coffee To Reduce Carcinogenicity. J Food Prot 2022; 85:918-923. [PMID: 35226750 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Roasting coffee results in not only the creation of carcinogens such as acrylamide, furan, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons but also the elimination of carcinogens in raw coffee beans, such as endotoxins, preservatives, or pesticides, by burning off. However, it has not been determined whether the concentrations of these carcinogens are sufficient to make either light or dark roast coffee more carcinogenic in a living organism. An Ames test was conducted on light, medium, and dark roast coffee from three origins. We found that lighter roast coffee shows higher mutagenicity, which is reduced to the control level in dark roast coffee varieties, indicating that the roasting process is not increasing mutagenic potential but is beneficial to eliminating the existing carcinogens in raw coffee beans. This result suggests that dark roast coffee is safer and promotes further studies of the various carcinogens in raw coffee that have been burned off. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kitai Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095.,Virginia University of Integrative Medicine, Fairfax, Virginia 22031, USA
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Methodology for Determining Phthalate Residues by Ultrasound–Vortex-Assisted Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction and GC-IT/MS in Hot Drink Samples by Vending Machines. ANALYTICA 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/analytica3020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a simple, fast, and effective methodology has been developed for the detection and quantification of seven phthalates potentially released in hot drinks from disposable containers used in vending machines. The authors determined the optimal conditions to be applied during the various steps of extraction of seven phthalates (DMP, DEP, DBP, DiBP, DEHP, DNOP, and DDP) from hot beverages using a model solution. The extraction and preconcentration technique used was ultrasound–vortex-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (UVA-DLLME) followed by gas chromatographic analysis obtaining recoveries from 66.7% to 101.2% with precision and reproducibility <6.3% and <11.1%, respectively. The influence of waiting time, from the dispensing of the drink to its actual consumption, for the extraction of molecules was investigated, obtaining a temporal release profile slightly shifted towards the PAEs with higher molecular weight and vice versa for those with low molecular weight. In addition, the best instrumental parameters to be applied during the analysis of the extracts obtained were established. This optimization was carried out using GC-FID, whereas the analysis of real samples was carried out by means of GC-IT/MS for ultra-trace analysis purposes; limits of detection (LODs) ranging between 0.8 ng mL−1 and 15.4 ng mL−1 and limits of quantification (LOQs) from 1.6 ng mL−1 to 35.8 ng mL−1, both of them lower than those found by FID, were obtained.
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7
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Song H, Shen X, Chu Q, Zheng X. Coffee consumption is not associated with the risk of gastric cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Nutr Res 2022; 102:35-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kunz BM, Voß A, Dalichow J, Weigel S, Rohn S, Maul R. Impact of experimental thermal processing of artificially contaminated pea products on ochratoxin A and phomopsin A. Mycotoxin Res 2021; 37:63-78. [PMID: 33068264 PMCID: PMC7819913 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-020-00413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fungi of Aspergillus and Penicillium genus can infect peas (Pisum sativum), leading to a contamination with the nephrotoxic and carcinogenic ochratoxin A (OTA). Under unfavourable conditions, a fungus primarily found on lupines, Diapothe toxica, may also grow on peas and produce the hepatotoxic phomopsin A (PHOA). To study the effect of processing on OTA and PHOA content, two model products-wheat/rye-mixed bread with pea flour addition and pea pasta-were manufactured at small-business scale from artificially contaminated pea flour. The decrease of OTA and PHOA contents were monitored along the production process as indicators for toxin transformation. Pea bread dough was subjected to proofing for 30-40 min at 32 °C and baked at 250 °C to 230 °C for 40 min. OTA content (LODs < 0.1 μg/kg) showed a reduction in the bread crust (initially 17.0 μg/kg) to 88% and no reduction in the crumb (110%). For PHOA (LODs < 3.6 μg/kg), a decrease to approximately 21% occurred in the bread crust (initially 12.5 μg/kg), whilst for crumb, a less intense decrease to 91% was found. Pea pasta prepared with two toxin levels was extruded at room temperature, dried and cooked for 8 min in boiling water. In pea pasta, OTA was reduced from 29.8 to 13.9 μg/kg by 22% each after cooking, whilst 15% and 10% of the initial toxin amounts were found in the cooking water, respectively. For PHOA, 60% and 78% of initially 14.3 μg/kg and 7.21 μg/kg remained in the cooked pasta. As only the decrease of the initial content was measured and no specific degradation products could be detected, further research is needed to characterise potential transformation products. Heat treatment reduces the initial PHOA content stronger than the OTA content during pasta cooking and bread making. However, significant amounts of both toxins would remain in the final products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta Maria Kunz
- Department Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 , Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Voß
- Institute for Food and Environmental Research (ILU) e. V., Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 40-41, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Julia Dalichow
- Institute for Food and Environmental Research (ILU) e. V., Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 40-41, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Stefan Weigel
- Department Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 , Hamburg, Germany.
- Institute for Food and Environmental Research (ILU) e. V., Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 40-41, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ronald Maul
- Department Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
- Max Rubner Institute, Hermann-Weigmann-Straße 1, 24103, Kiel, Germany
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Niaz K, Shah SZA, Khan F, Bule M. Ochratoxin A-induced genotoxic and epigenetic mechanisms lead to Alzheimer disease: its modulation with strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:44673-44700. [PMID: 32424756 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08991-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a naturally occurring mycotoxin mostly found in food items including grains and coffee beans. It induces DNA single-strand breaks and has been considered to be carcinogenic. It is recognized as a serious threat to reproductive health both in males and females. OTA is highly nephrotoxic and carcinogenic, and its potency changes evidently between species and sexes. There is a close association between OTA, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and genotoxicity, but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Reports regarding genotoxic effects in relation to OTA which leads to the induction of DNA adduct formation, protein synthesis inhibition, perturbation of cellular energy production, initiation of oxidative stress, induction of apoptosis, influences on mitosis, induction of cell cycle arrest, and interference with cytokine pathways. All these mechanisms are associated with nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, teratotoxicity, immunological toxicity, and neurotoxicity. OTA administration activates various mechanisms such as p38 MAPK, JNKs, and ERKs dysfunctions, BDNF disruption, TH overexpression, caspase-3 and 9 activation, and ERK-1/2 phosphorylation which ultimately lead to Alzheimer disease (AD) progression. The current review will focus on OTA in terms of recent discoveries in the field of molecular biology. The main aim is to investigate the underlying mechanisms of OTA in regard to genotoxicity and epigenetic modulations that lead to AD. Also, we will highlight the strategies for the purpose of attenuating the hazards posed by OTA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Niaz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Bio-Sciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Zahid Ali Shah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Fazlullah Khan
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), School of Pharmacy, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mohammed Bule
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Oromia, Ethiopia
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Shi H, Yu P. Advanced synchrotron-based and globar-sourced molecular (micro) spectroscopy contributions to advances in food and feed research on molecular structure, mycotoxin determination, and molecular nutrition. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:2164-2175. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1303769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Shi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Peiqiang Yu
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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De Luca S, De Filippis M, Bucci R, Magrì AD, Magrì AL, Marini F. Characterization of the effects of different roasting conditions on coffee samples of different geographical origins by HPLC-DAD, NIR and chemometrics. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Poltronieri P, Rossi F. Challenges in Specialty Coffee Processing and Quality Assurance. CHALLENGES 2016; 7:19. [DOI: 10.3390/challe7020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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García-Moraleja A, Font G, Mañes J, Ferrer E. Analysis of mycotoxins in coffee and risk assessment in Spanish adolescents and adults. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 86:225-33. [PMID: 26514696 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic compounds produced by fungal secondary metabolism that cause toxicological effects. Coffee is a highly popular beverage that is susceptible to contamination by mycotoxigenic fungi. The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of the following 21 mycotoxins in coffee using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS-IT): aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2; ochratoxin A; nivalenol; deoxynivalenol; 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol; 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol; diacetoxyscirpenol; neosolaniol; T-2 and HT-2 toxin; sterigmatocystin; enniatin A, A1, B, and B1; beauvericin; and fumonisin B1 and B2. We aimed to determine differences by coffee process (coffee maker, electrical machine, soluble and traditional Turkish process) and to calculate the estimated daily intake (EDI) and risk assessment of mycotoxins from coffee consumption using deterministic approach at various scenarios of food consumption in Spanish adolescents and adults. The results demonstrate that all studied mycotoxins were detected in samples with mean concentrations ranging from 0.69 µg/kg to 282.89 µg/kg. Eleven percent of samples did not show contamination with legislated mycotoxins. Only 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, deoxynivalenol, neosolaniol, fumonisin B1, and ochratoxin A exhibited significant differences between methods of coffee brewing. The results show that coffee intake does not represent a potential risk for consumers with respect to individual mycotoxin contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- A García-Moraleja
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
| | - G Font
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - J Mañes
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - E Ferrer
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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Zeng SB, Weng H, Zhou M, Duan XL, Shen XF, Zeng XT. Long-Term Coffee Consumption and Risk of Gastric Cancer: A PRISMA-Compliant Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1640. [PMID: 26402838 PMCID: PMC4635778 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Association between coffee consumption and gastric cancer risk remains controversial. Hence, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate and quantify the potential dose-response association between long-term coffee consumption and risk of gastric cancer.Pertinent studies were identified by searching PubMed and Embase from January 1996 through February 10, 2015 and by reviewing the reference lists of retrieved publications. Prospective cohort studies in which authors reported effect sizes and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of gastric cancer for 3 or more categories of coffee consumption were eligible. Results from eligible studies were aggregated using a random effect model. All analyses were carried out using the STATA 12.0 software.Nine studies involving 15 independent prospective cohorts were finally included. A total of 2019 incident cases of gastric cancer were ascertained among 1,289,314 participants with mean follow-up periods ranging from 8 to 18 years. No nonlinear relationship of coffee consumption with gastric cancer risk was indentified (P for nonlinearity = 0.53; P for heterogeneity = 0.004). The linear regression model showed that the combined relative risk (RR) of every 3 cups/day increment of total coffee consumption was 1.07 (95% CI = 0.95-1.21). Compared with the lowest category of coffee consumption, the RR of gastric cancer was 1.18 (95% CI = 0.90-1.55) for the highest (median 6.5 cups/day) category, 1.06 (95% CI = 0.85-1.32) for the second highest category (median 3.5 cups/day), and 0.97 (95% CI = 0.79-1.20) for the third highest category (median 1.5 cups/day). Subgroup analysis showed an elevated risk in the US population (RR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.06-1.75) and no adjustment for smoking (RR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.08-2.59) for 6.5 cups/day.Current evidence indicated there was no nonlinear association between coffee consumption and gastric cancer risk. However, high coffee consumption (more than 6.5 cups/day) might increase the risk of gastric cancer in the US population. More high quality studies were warranted to further investigate the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Bo Zeng
- From the Department of Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (S-BZ, MZ, X-TZ); Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan (HW, X-TZ); Department of Digestive Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan (X-LD); and Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA (X-FS)
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Development of a new method for the simultaneous determination of 21 mycotoxins in coffee beverages by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Malir F, Ostry V, Pfohl-Leszkowicz A, Toman J, Bazin I, Roubal T. Transfer of ochratoxin A into tea and coffee beverages. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:3438-53. [PMID: 25525684 PMCID: PMC4280543 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6123438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, immunotoxic, neurotoxic, reprotoxic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic (group 2B), being characterized by species and sex differences in sensitivity. Despite the fact that OTA is in some aspects a controversial topic, OTA is the most powerful renal carcinogen. The aim of this study was to make a small survey concerning OTA content in black tea, fruit tea, and ground roasted coffee, and to assess OTA transfer into beverages. OTA content was measured using a validated and accredited HPLC-FLD method with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.35 ng/g. The OTA amount ranged from LOQ up to 250 ng/g in black tea and up to 104 ng/g in fruit tea. Black tea and fruit tea, naturally contaminated, were used to prepare tea infusions. The transfer from black tea to the infusion was 34.8% ± 1.3% and from fruit tea 4.1% ± 0.2%. Ground roasted coffee naturally contaminated at 0.92 ng/g was used to prepare seven kinds of coffee beverages. Depending on the type of process used, OTA transfer into coffee ranged from 22.3% to 66.1%. OTA intakes from fruit and black tea or coffee represent a non-negligible human source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Malir
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimir Ostry
- National Reference Center for Microfungi and Mycotoxins in Food Chains, Center of Health, Nutrition and Food in Brno, National Institute of Public Health in Prague, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Annie Pfohl-Leszkowicz
- Department Bioprocess & Microbial Systems, Laboratory Chemical Engineering, INP/ENSA Toulouse, University of Toulouse, UMR 5503 CNRS/INPT/UPS, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France.
| | - Jakub Toman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Ingrid Bazin
- Ecole des mines d'Ales, 6 av de Clavieres, 30100 Ales Cedex, France.
| | - Tomas Roubal
- National Reference Laboratory for Biomarkers of Mycotoxins and Mycotoxins in Food, Institute of Public Health in Usti nad Labem, Regional Branch Hradec Kralove, 50002 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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17
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18
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Zhang X, Ou X, Zhou Z, Ma L. Ochratoxin A in Chinese dried jujube: method development and survey. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 32:512-7. [PMID: 25345826 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.976844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A method was developed for the determination of the mycotoxin ochratoxin A in dried jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Miller) using alkaline methanolic extraction, immunoaffinity column clean-up (IAC) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) determination. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.01 μg kg(-1) and limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.03 μg kg(-1). The average recoveries were 82%, 98% and 115% at 5, 0.5 and 0.1 μg kg(-1) spiked levels with relative standard deviations (RSD) of 2.9%, 5.2% and 9.2% accordingly. The method showed good linearity for both solvent standard calibration and matrix-matched standard calibration with correlation coefficients of 0.9998 and 0.9997 respectively. The intra-day precision RSD was 3.3% and the inter-day precision RSD was 4.0%. In addition, there was almost no matrix interference in LC-MS/MS detection after the IAC clean-up process. The proposed analytical set-up was successfully used to test 20 samples that were collected from local markets and stores. The results showed that all the samples were positive and the amount of OTA ranged from < 0.01 to 0.18 μg kg(-1), with a mean level of 0.14 μg kg(-1). In spite of the high positive rate, samples with this level would not cause significant health effects after consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Zhang
- a College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
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19
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20
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Karami-Osboo R, Miri R, Javidnia K, Kobarfard F, AliAbadi MHS, Maham M. A validated dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method for extraction of ochratoxin A from raisin samples. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2013; 52:2440-5. [PMID: 25829630 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-1215-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A method based on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was developed for the quantitative extraction of Ochratoxin A (OTA) from raisin samples. The influence of various parameters on the recovery of OTA such as type and volume of DLLME extractant, centrifuging and sonication time, also volume of deionized water was investigated. Recovery values under the optimum conditions were between 68.6 and 85.2 %, the inner and intra-day precision expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD%, n = 3), were less than 15 % at spiking levels of 2.5-30 μg kg(-1). Linearity was studied from 0.5 to 30 μg L(-1), and the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.7 and 2.0 μg kg(-1), respectively. Real samples were analyzed by DLLME method and compared with confirmative immunoaffinity Column Chromatography (IAC) clean-up. Low cost, simplicity of operation, speed and minimum consumption of organic solvent were the main advantages of proposed method. The mean contamination of samples was 0.88 μg kg(-1) that was lower than European Legal Limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouhollah Karami-Osboo
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ramin Miri
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Katayoun Javidnia
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, P.O. Box 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Maham
- Department of Chemistry, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran
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21
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Vanesa D, Ana P. Occurrence of Ochratoxin A in coffee beans, ground roasted coffee and soluble coffee and method validation. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Occurrence of Ochratoxin A in Chinese wines: influence of local meteorological parameters. Eur Food Res Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-012-1886-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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24
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Santini A, Ferracane R, Mikušová P, Eged Š, Šrobárová A, Meca G, Mañes J, Ritieni A. Influence of different coffee drink preparations on ochratoxin A content and evaluation of the antioxidant activity and caffeine variations. Food Control 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Coronel M, Marin S, Cano G, Ramos A, Sanchis V. Ochratoxin A in Spanish retail ground roasted coffee: Occurrence and assessment of the exposure in Catalonia. Food Control 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of microscopic filamentous fungi. With regard to the widespread distribution of fungi in the environment, mycotoxins are considered to be one of the most important natural contaminants in foods and feeds. To protect consumers' health and reduce economic losses, surveillance and control of mycotoxins in food and feed has become a major objective for producers, regulatory authorities, and researchers worldwide. In this context, availability of reliable analytical methods applicable for this purpose is essential. Since the variety of chemical structures of mycotoxins makes impossible to use one single technique for their analysis, a vast number of analytical methods has been developed and validated. Both a large variability of food matrices and growing demands for a fast, cost-saving and accurate determination of multiple mycotoxins by a single method outline new challenges for analytical research. This strong effort is facilitated by technical developments in mass spectrometry allowing decreasing the influence of matrix effects in spite of omitting sample clean-up step. The current state-of-the-art together with future trends is presented in this chapter. Attention is focused mainly on instrumental method; advances in biosensors and other screening bioanalytical approaches enabling analysis of multiple mycotoxins are not discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Hajslova
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic.
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27
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Iha MH, Trucksess MW. Aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in tea prepared from naturally contaminated powdered ginger. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2010; 27:1142-7. [PMID: 20589549 DOI: 10.1080/19440041003795319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The migration of several major mycotoxins, aflatoxins B(1) (AFB(1)), B(2), G(1), and G(2) (AFT, total of the aflatoxins) and ochratoxin A (OTA), from naturally contaminated powdered ginger to surrounding liquid (tea) was investigated. The toxins are commonly found in cereal grains and are toxic, carcinogenic and thermostable. Ginger root is widely used for digestive problems. Powdered ginger (2 g) found to contain AFT and OTA was placed in an empty heat sealable tea bag. The tea bag was heat-sealed and used to prepare tea under different conditions: temperature (50 and 100 degrees C), time (5 and 10 min) and volume (100 and 200 ml). The tea bag was placed in hot water and stirred every 1 min for 5 s during the first 5 min of steeping. After steeping, the tea bag was removed and the tea and ginger residue (in the tea bag) were analysed separately for AFT and OTA. After extraction and immunoaffinity column (IAC) clean-up, the isolated AFT and OTA were separated by reversed-phase liquid chromatography and quantified using a fluorescence detector. At 100 degrees C, approximately 30-40% of AFB(1) and AFT and 20-30% of OTA in the contaminated ginger were found in the ginger tea; the total amounts of AFT and OTA in tea varied less than 5% under the three conditions of preparation. At 50 degrees C, about 10% of OTA and AFT were found in tea. This is the first study on the migration of AFT from botanicals to tea. It is also the first to study the distribution of AFT and OTA from powdered ginger to tea and ginger residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Iha
- Bromatology and Chemistry, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Rua Minas 877, CEP 14090-230, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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28
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Varga J, Kocsubé S, Péteri Z, Vágvölgyi C, Tóth B. Chemical, physical and biological approaches to prevent ochratoxin induced toxicoses in humans and animals. Toxins (Basel) 2010; 2:1718-50. [PMID: 22069658 PMCID: PMC3153271 DOI: 10.3390/toxins2071718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxins are polyketide derived fungal secondary metabolites with nephrotoxic, immunosuppressive, teratogenic, and carcinogenic properties. Ochratoxin-producing fungi may contaminate agricultural products in the field (preharvest spoilage), during storage (postharvest spoilage), or during processing. Ochratoxin contamination of foods and feeds poses a serious health hazard to animals and humans. Several strategies have been investigated for lowering the ochratoxin content in agricultural products. These strategies can be classified into three main categories: prevention of ochratoxin contamination, decontamination or detoxification of foods contaminated with ochratoxins, and inhibition of the absorption of consumed ochratoxins in the gastrointestinal tract. This paper gives an overview of the strategies that are promising with regard to lowering the ochratoxin burden of animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Varga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (S.K.); (Z.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Sándor Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (S.K.); (Z.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Zsanett Péteri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (S.K.); (Z.P.); (C.V.)
- PannonPharma Company, Mária dűlő 36, H-7634 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (S.K.); (Z.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Beáta Tóth
- Cereal Research Non-Profit Limited Company, Alsókikötő sor 9, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (B.T.)
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29
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Determination of mycotoxins in foods: current state of analytical methods and limitations. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 86:1595-612. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2535-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Shephard G, Berthiller F, Dorner J, Krska R, Lombaert G, Malone B, Maragos C, Sabino M, Solfrizzo M, Trucksess M, van Egmond H, Whitaker T. Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2008-2009. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2010. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2009.1172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights developments in mycotoxin analysis and sampling over a period between mid-2008 and mid-2009. It covers the major mycotoxins: aflatoxins, alternaria toxins, cyclopiazonic acid, fumonisins, ochratoxin, patulin, trichothecenes and zearalenone. Developments in mycotoxin analysis continue, with emphasis on novel immunological methods and further description of LC-MS and LC-MS/MS, particularly as multimycotoxin applications for different ranges of mycotoxins. Although falling outside the main emphasis of the review, some aspects of natural occurrence have been mentioned, especially if linked to novel method developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Shephard
- PROMEC Unit, Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - F. Berthiller
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Research, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Center for Analytical Chemistry, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - J. Dorner
- USDA, ARS, National Peanut Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 509, 1011 Forrester Dr SE, Dawson, GA 31742, USA
| | - R. Krska
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Research, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Center for Analytical Chemistry, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - G. Lombaert
- Health Canada, 510 Lagimodiere Blvd., Winnipeg, MB, R2J 3Y1, Canada
| | - B. Malone
- Trilogy Analytical Laboratory, 111 West Fourth Street, Washington, MO 63090, USA
| | - C. Maragos
- USDA, ARS National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - M. Sabino
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av Dr Arnaldo 355, 01246-902, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - M. Solfrizzo
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/o, Bari 700126, Italy
| | - M. Trucksess
- US Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - H. van Egmond
- RIKILT, Cluster Natural Toxins & Pesticides, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - T. Whitaker
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, P.O. Box 7625, N.C. State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7625 USA
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31
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Bhat R, Rai RV, Karim A. Mycotoxins in Food and Feed: Present Status and Future Concerns. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2010; 9:57-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2009.00094.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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32
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Noba S, Uyama A, Mochizuki N. Determination of ochratoxin a in ready-to-drink coffee by immunoaffinity cleanup and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:6036-6040. [PMID: 19537783 DOI: 10.1021/jf900546p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We developed a simple and accurate method for determining ochratoxin A (OTA) in ready-to-drink coffee, using an immunoaffinity column for cleanup and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) for identification and quantification. When uniformly stable isotope-labeled OTA (U-[(13)C(20)]-OTA) was employed as an internal standard, the recovery rate of the method was 97.3% (the spiked OTA level was 0.10 ng/mL), the repeatability (relative standard deviation) was 1.9%, and the intermediate precision (relative standard deviation) was 4.0%. The limit of quantification was 0.0065 ng/mL based on a signal-to-noise ratio in coffee of 10:1. The developed method was used for the determination of OTA in ready-to-drink coffee. A total of 30 ready-to-drink coffee samples commercially available in Japan were analyzed. OTA was detected in all of the samples at concentrations ranging from trace levels (0.0020-0.010 ng/mL) to 0.037 ng/mL. This method was shown to be useful for accurately evaluating the intake of OTA from coffee beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigekuni Noba
- Research Laboratories for Food Safety Chemistry, Asahi Breweries, Limited, Moriya-shi, Ibaraki 302-0106, Japan.
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