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Visagie C, Yilmaz N, Kocsubé S, Frisvad J, Hubka V, Samson R, Houbraken J. A review of recently introduced Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces and other Eurotiales species. Stud Mycol 2024; 107:1-66. [PMID: 38600958 PMCID: PMC11003441 DOI: 10.3114/sim.2024.107.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The order Eurotiales is diverse and includes species that impact our daily lives in many ways. In the past, its taxonomy was difficult due to morphological similarities, which made accurate identification of species difficult. This situation improved and stabilised with recent taxonomic and nomenclatural revisions that modernised Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces. This was mainly due to the availability of curated accepted species lists and the publication of comprehensive DNA sequence reference datasets. This has also led to a sharp increase in the number of new species described each year with the accepted species lists in turn also needing regular updates. The focus of this study was to review the 160 species described between the last list of accepted species published in 2020 until 31 December 2022. To review these species, single-gene phylogenies were constructed and GCPSR (Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition) was applied. Multi-gene phylogenetic analyses were performed to further determine the relationships of the newly introduced species. As a result, we accepted 133 species (37 Aspergillus, two Paecilomyces, 59 Penicillium, two Rasamsonia, 32 Talaromyces and one Xerochrysium), synonymised 22, classified four as doubtful and created a new combination for Paraxerochrysium coryli, which is classified in Xerochrysium. This brings the number of accepted species to 453 for Aspergillus, 12 for Paecilomyces, 535 for Penicillium, 14 for Rasamsonia, 203 for Talaromyces and four for Xerochrysium. We accept the newly introduced section Tenues (in Talaromyces), and series Hainanici (in Aspergillus sect. Cavernicolarum) and Vascosobrinhoana (in Penicillium sect. Citrina). In addition, we validate the invalidly described species Aspergillus annui and A. saccharicola, and series Annuorum (in Aspergillus sect. Flavi), introduce a new combination for Dichlaena lentisci (type of the genus) and place it in a new section in Aspergillus subgenus Circumdati, provide an updated description for Rasamsonia oblata, and list excluded and recently synonymised species that were previously accepted. This study represents an important update of the accepted species lists in Eurotiales. Taxonomic novelties: New sections: Aspergillus section Dichlaena Visagie, Kocsubé & Houbraken. New series: Aspergillus series Annuorum J.J. Silva, B.T. Iamanaka, Frisvad. New species: Aspergillus annui J.J. Silva, M.H.P. Fungaro, Frisvad, M.H. Taniwaki & B.T. Iamanaka; Aspergillus saccharicola J.J. Silva, Frisvad, M.H.P. Fungaro, M.H. Taniwaki & B.T. Iamanaka. New combinations: Aspergillus lentisci (Durieu & Mont.) Visagie, Malloch, L. Kriegsteiner, Samson & Houbraken; Xerochrysium coryli (Crous & Decock) Visagie & Houbraken. Citation: Visagie CM, Yilmaz N, Kocsubé S, Frisvad JC, Hubka V, Samson RA, Houbraken J (2024). A review of recently introduced Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces and other Eurotiales species. Studies in Mycology 107: 1-66. doi: 10.3114/sim.2024.107.01.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.M. Visagie
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - N. Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - S. Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
- ELKH-SZTE Pathomechanisms of Fungal Infections Research Group, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - J.C. Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, DK-2800 Kgs, Denmark
| | - V. Hubka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R.A. Samson
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Flipphi M, Harispe ML, Hamari Z, Kocsubé S, Scazzocchio C, Ramón A. An ascomycete H4 variant with an unknown function. R Soc Open Sci 2024; 11:231705. [PMID: 38384781 PMCID: PMC10878826 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Histone variants leading to altered nucleosome structure, dynamics and DNA accessibility occur frequently, albeit rarely for H4. We carried out a comprehensive in silico scrutiny of fungal genomes, which revealed the presence of a novel H4 variant (H4E) in the ascomycetes, throughout the Pezizomycotina, in basal species of the Taphrinomycotina and also in the Glomeromycota. The coding cognate genes show a specific intron/exon organization, different from H4 canonical genes. H4Es diverge from canonical H4s mainly in the N- and C-terminal extensions, showing marked differences in the distribution and number of Lys and Arg residues, which may result in novel post-translational modifications. In Aspergillus nidulans (Pezizomycotina, Eurotiomycetes) the H4E variant protein level is low in mycelia. However, the encoding gene is well expressed at 37°C under nitrogen starvation. H4E localizes to the nucleus and interacts with H3, but its absence or overexpression does not result in any detectable phenotype. Deletion of only one of the of the two canonical H4 genes results in a strikingly impaired growth phenotype, which indicates that H4E cannot replace this canonical histone. Thus, an H4 variant is present throughout a whole subphylum of the ascomycetes, but with hitherto no experimentally detectable function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Flipphi
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - María Laura Harispe
- Instituto de Profesores Artigas, Consejo de Formación en Educación (CFE, ANEP), Uruguay
| | - Zsuzsanna Hamari
- Faculty of Science and Informatics, Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kocsubé
- Faculty of Science and Informatics, Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Claudio Scazzocchio
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Ana Ramón
- Dpto. de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Sección Bioquímica, UdelaR, Uruguay
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Sahu N, Indic B, Wong-Bajracharya J, Merényi Z, Ke HM, Ahrendt S, Monk TL, Kocsubé S, Drula E, Lipzen A, Bálint B, Henrissat B, Andreopoulos B, Martin FM, Bugge Harder C, Rigling D, Ford KL, Foster GD, Pangilinan J, Papanicolaou A, Barry K, LaButti K, Virágh M, Koriabine M, Yan M, Riley R, Champramary S, Plett KL, Grigoriev IV, Tsai IJ, Slot J, Sipos G, Plett J, Nagy LG. Vertical and horizontal gene transfer shaped plant colonization and biomass degradation in the fungal genus Armillaria. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:1668-1681. [PMID: 37550506 PMCID: PMC7615209 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The fungal genus Armillaria contains necrotrophic pathogens and some of the largest terrestrial organisms that cause tremendous losses in diverse ecosystems, yet how they evolved pathogenicity in a clade of dominantly non-pathogenic wood degraders remains elusive. Here we show that Armillaria species, in addition to gene duplications and de novo gene origins, acquired at least 1,025 genes via 124 horizontal gene transfer events, primarily from Ascomycota. Horizontal gene transfer might have affected plant biomass degrading and virulence abilities of Armillaria, and provides an explanation for their unusual, soft rot-like wood decay strategy. Combined multi-species expression data revealed extensive regulation of horizontally acquired and wood-decay related genes, putative virulence factors and two novel conserved pathogenicity-induced small secreted proteins, which induced necrosis in planta. Overall, this study details how evolution knitted together horizontally and vertically inherited genes in complex adaptive traits of plant biomass degradation and pathogenicity in important fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sahu
- Biological Research Center, Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Boris Indic
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Faculty of Forestry, Institute of Forest and Natural Resource Management, University of Sopron, Sopron, Hungary
| | - Johanna Wong-Bajracharya
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zsolt Merényi
- Biological Research Center, Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Huei-Mien Ke
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Steven Ahrendt
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tori-Lee Monk
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sándor Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- ELKH-SZTE Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Elodie Drula
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- INRAE, UMR 1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Marseille, France
| | - Anna Lipzen
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Balázs Bálint
- Biological Research Center, Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bill Andreopoulos
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Francis M Martin
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UMR 1136 'Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes', Centre INRAE Grand Est - Nancy, Champenoux, France
| | - Christoffer Bugge Harder
- Department of Biology, Section of Terrestrial Ecology, University of Copenhagen, København Ø, Denmark
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel Rigling
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Kathryn L Ford
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gary D Foster
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jasmyn Pangilinan
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Alexie Papanicolaou
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kerrie Barry
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kurt LaButti
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Máté Virágh
- Biological Research Center, Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Maxim Koriabine
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mi Yan
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robert Riley
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Simang Champramary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Faculty of Forestry, Institute of Forest and Natural Resource Management, University of Sopron, Sopron, Hungary
| | - Krista L Plett
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Igor V Grigoriev
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Jason Slot
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - György Sipos
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Faculty of Forestry, Institute of Forest and Natural Resource Management, University of Sopron, Sopron, Hungary
| | - Jonathan Plett
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
| | - László G Nagy
- Biological Research Center, Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Szeged, Hungary.
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Nagy VD, Zhumakayev A, Vörös M, Bordé Á, Szarvas A, Szűcs A, Kocsubé S, Jakab P, Monostori T, Škrbić BD, Mohai E, Hatvani L, Vágvölgyi C, Kredics L. Development of a Multicomponent Microbiological Soil Inoculant and Its Performance in Sweet Potato Cultivation. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040914. [PMID: 37110337 PMCID: PMC10143537 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The cultivation and consumption of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) are increasing globally. As the usage of chemical fertilizers and pest control agents during its cultivation may lead to soil, water and air pollution, there is an emerging need for environment-friendly, biological solutions enabling increased amounts of healthy crop and efficient disease management. Microbiological agents for agricultural purposes gained increasing importance in the past few decades. Our goal was to develop an agricultural soil inoculant from multiple microorganisms and test its application potential in sweet potato cultivation. Two Trichoderma strains were selected: Trichoderma ghanense strain SZMC 25217 based on its extracellular enzyme activities for the biodegradation of plant residues, and Trichoderma afroharzianum strain SZMC 25231 for biocontrol purposes against fungal plant pathogens. The Bacillus velezensis strain SZMC 24986 proved to be the best growth inhibitor of most of the nine tested strains of fungal species known as plant pathogens, therefore it was also selected for biocontrol purposes against fungal plant pathogens. Arthrobacter globiformis strain SZMC 25081, showing the fastest growth on nitrogen-free medium, was selected as a component with possible nitrogen-fixing potential. A Pseudomonas resinovorans strain, SZMC 25872, was selected for its ability to produce indole-3-acetic acid, which is among the important traits of potential plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). A series of experiments were performed to test the selected strains for their tolerance to abiotic stress factors such as pH, temperature, water activity and fungicides, influencing the survivability in agricultural environments. The selected strains were used to treat sweet potato in two separate field experiments. Yield increase was observed for the plants treated with the selected microbial consortium (synthetic community) in comparison with the control group in both cases. Our results suggest that the developed microbial inoculant has the potential to be used in sweet potato plantations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about the successful application of a fungal-bacterial consortium in sweet potato cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Dávid Nagy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anuar Zhumakayev
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mónika Vörös
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ádám Bordé
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Szeged, Andrássy Street 15, 6800 Hódmezővásárhely, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Szarvas
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Szeged, Andrássy Street 15, 6800 Hódmezővásárhely, Hungary
| | - Attila Szűcs
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Jakab
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Szeged, Andrássy Street 15, 6800 Hódmezővásárhely, Hungary
| | - Tamás Monostori
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Szeged, Andrássy Street 15, 6800 Hódmezővásárhely, Hungary
| | - Biljana D. Škrbić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Edina Mohai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lóránt Hatvani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Kredics
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
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Zhumakayev AR, Varga M, Vörös M, Kocsubé S, Ramteke PW, Szekeres A, Vágvölgyi C, Hatvani L, Marik T. Characterization of the antagonistic potential of the glyphosate-tolerant Pseudomonas resinovorans SZMC 25872 strain against the plant pathogenic bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1034237. [PMID: 36518497 PMCID: PMC9743988 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1034237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of microorganisms with biocontrol activity against fungal and bacterial pathogens of plants is recognized as a promising, effective, and environment-friendly strategy to protect agricultural crops. We report the glyphosate-tolerant Pseudomonas resinovorans SZMC 25872 isolate as a novel strain with antagonistic potential towards the plant pathogenic bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. In our studies, the growth of the P. resinovorans SZMC 25872 and A. tumefaciens SZMC 14557 isolates in the presence of 74 different carbon sources, and the effect of 11 carbon sources utilized by both strains on the biocontrol efficacy was examined. Seven variations of media with different carbon sources were selected for the assays to observe the biocontrol potential of the P. resinovorans strain. Also, 50% concentrations of the cell-free culture filtrates (CCF) obtained from medium amended with L-alanine or succinic acid as sole carbon source were found to be effective for the growth suppression of A. tumefaciens by 83.03 and 56.80%, respectively. The effect of 7 media on siderophore amount and the activity of extracellular trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like proteases, as well as esterases were also evaluated. Significant positive correlation was found between the siderophore amount and the percentage of inhibition, and the inhibitory effect of the CCFs obtained from medium amended with succinic acid was eliminated in the presence of an additional iron source, suggesting that siderophores produced by P. resinovorans play an important role in its antagonistic potential. The metabolic profile analysis of the P. resinovorans SZMC 25872 strain, performed by high performance liquid chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS), has identified several previously not reported metabolites that might play role in the antagonistic effect against A. tumefaciens. Based on our findings we suggest that the possible inhibition modes of A. tumefaciens SZMC 14557 by P. resinovorans SZMC 25872 include siderophore-mediated suppression, extracellular enzyme activities and novel bioactive metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuar R. Zhumakayev
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mónika Varga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mónika Vörös
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- ELKH-SZTE Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Pramod W. Ramteke
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Ambedkar College, Deekshbhoomi, Nagpur, India
| | - András Szekeres
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lóránt Hatvani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Marik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Kartali T, Zsindely N, Nyilasi I, Németh O, Sávai GN, Kocsubé S, Lipinszki Z, Patai R, Spisák K, Nagy G, Bodai L, Vágvölgyi C, Papp T. Molecular Characterization of Novel Mycoviruses in Seven Umbelopsis Strains. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112343. [PMID: 36366438 PMCID: PMC9694724 DOI: 10.3390/v14112343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of viruses is less explored in Mucoromycota as compared to other fungal groups such as Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Recently, more and more mycoviruses are identified from the early-diverging lineages of fungi. We have determined the genome of 11 novel dsRNA viruses in seven different Umbelopsis strains with next-generation sequencing (NGS). The identified viruses were named Umbelopsis ramanniana virus 5 (UrV5), 6a (UrV6a); 6b (UrV6b); 7 (UrV7); 8a (UrV8a); 8b (UrV8b); Umbelopsis gibberispora virus 1 (UgV1); 2 (UgV2) and Umbelopsis dimorpha virus 1a (UdV1a), 1b (UdV1b) and 2 (UdV2). All the newly identified viruses contain two open reading frames (ORFs), which putatively encode the coat protein (CP) and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), respectively. Based on the phylogeny inferred from the RdRp sequences, eight viruses (UrV7, UrV8a, UrV8b, UgV1, UgV2, UdV1a, UdV1b and UdV2) belong to the genus Totivirus, while UrV5, UrV6a and UrV6b are placed into a yet unclassified but well-defined Totiviridae-related group. In UrV5, UgV1, UgV2, UrV8b, UdV1a, UdV2 and UdV1b, ORF2 is predicted to be translated as a fusion protein via a rare +1 (or -2) ribosomal frameshift, which is not characteristic to most members of the Totivirus genus. Virus particles 31 to 32 nm in diameter could be detected in the examined fungal strains by transmission electron microscopy. Through the identification and characterization of new viruses of Mucoromycota fungi, we can gain insight into the diversity of mycoviruses, as well as into their phylogeny and genome organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Kartali
- ELKH-SZTE Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: (T.K.); (T.P.)
| | - Nóra Zsindely
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Nyilasi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Németh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergő Norbert Sávai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Lipinszki
- MTA SZBK Lendület Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Roland Patai
- Neuronal Plasticity Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Spisák
- Neuronal Plasticity Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Bodai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Papp
- ELKH-SZTE Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: (T.K.); (T.P.)
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Andersson (Aino) M, Varga A, Mikkola R, Vornanen-Winqvist C, Salo J, Kredics L, Kocsubé S, Salonen H. Aspergillus Was the Dominant Genus Found during Diversity Tracking of Potentially Pathogenic Indoor Fungal Isolates. Pathogens 2022; 11:1171. [PMID: 36297230 PMCID: PMC9610493 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Viable airborne pathogenic fungi represent a potential health hazard when exposing vulnerable persons in quantities exceeding their resilience. In this study, 284 indoor fungal isolates from a strain collection of indoor fungi were screened for pathogenic potential through the ability to grow in neutral pH at 37 °C and 30 °C. The isolates were collected from 20 locations including 14 problematic and 6 non-problematic ordinary buildings. Out of the screened isolates, 170 isolates were unable to grow at 37 °C, whereas 67 isolates growing at pH 7.2 at 37 °C were considered as potential opportunistic pathogens. Forty-seven isolates growing at 30 °C but not at 37 °C were considered as less likely pathogens. Out of these categories, 33 and 33 strains, respectively, were identified to the species level. The problematic buildings included known opportunistic pathogens: Aspergillus calidoustus, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Rhizopus arrhizus and Paecilomyces variotii, as well as less likely pathogens: Aspergillus versicolor, Chaetomium cochliodes, Chaetomium globosum and Chaetomium rectangulare. Opportunistic pathogens such as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus tubingensis and less likely pathogens such as Aspergillus westerdijkiae, Chaetomium globosum and Dichotomopilus finlandicus were isolated both from ordinary and from problematic buildings. Aspergillus was the dominant, most diverse genus found during screening for potentially pathogenic isolates in the indoor strain collection. Studies on Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus calidodoustus revealed that tolerance to cleaning chemicals may contribute to the adaptation of Aspergillus species to indoor environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - András Varga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Raimo Mikkola
- Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | | | - Johanna Salo
- Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - László Kredics
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Heidi Salonen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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Kartali T, Nyilasi I, Kocsubé S, Patai R, Polgár TF, Zsindely N, Nagy G, Bodai L, Lipinszki Z, Vágvölgyi C, Papp T. Characterization of Four Novel dsRNA Viruses Isolated from Mucor hiemalis Strains. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112319. [PMID: 34835124 PMCID: PMC8625083 DOI: 10.3390/v13112319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously screened the total nucleic acid extracts of 123 Mucor strains for the presence of dsRNA molecules without further molecular analyses. Here, we characterized five novel dsRNA genomes isolated from four different Mucor hiemalis strains with next-generation sequencing (NGS), namely Mucor hiemalis virus 1a (MhV1a) from WRL CN(M) 122; Mucor hiemalis virus 1b (MhV1b) from NRRL 3624; Mucor hiemalis virus 2 (MhV2) from NRRL 3616; and Mucor hiemalis virus 3 (MhV3) and Mucor hiemalis virus (MhV4) from NRRL 3617 strains. Genomes contain two open reading frames (ORF), which encode the coat protein (CP) and the RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), respectively. In MhV1a and MhV1b, it is predicted to be translated as a fusion protein via -1 ribosomal frameshift, while in MhV4 via a rare +1 (or-2) ribosomal frameshift. In MhV2 and MhV3, the presence of specific UAAUG pentanucleotide motif points to the fact for coupled translation termination and reinitialization. MhV1a, MhV2, and MhV3 are part of the clade representing the genus Victorivirus, while MhV4 is seated in Totivirus genus clade. The detected VLPs in Mucor strains were from 33 to 36 nm in diameter. Hybridization analysis revealed that the dsRNA molecules of MhV1a-MhV4 hybridized to the corresponding molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Kartali
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.N.); (S.K.); (N.Z.); (C.V.)
- Correspondence: (T.K.); (T.P.)
| | - Ildikó Nyilasi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.N.); (S.K.); (N.Z.); (C.V.)
| | - Sándor Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.N.); (S.K.); (N.Z.); (C.V.)
| | - Roland Patai
- Neuronal Plasticity Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (R.P.); (T.F.P.)
| | - Tamás F. Polgár
- Neuronal Plasticity Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (R.P.); (T.F.P.)
- Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nóra Zsindely
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.N.); (S.K.); (N.Z.); (C.V.)
| | - Gábor Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (G.N.); (L.B.)
| | - László Bodai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (G.N.); (L.B.)
| | - Zoltán Lipinszki
- MTA SZBK Lendület Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), 6726 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.N.); (S.K.); (N.Z.); (C.V.)
| | - Tamás Papp
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.N.); (S.K.); (N.Z.); (C.V.)
- MTA-SZTE Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: (T.K.); (T.P.)
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9
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Bokor E, Flipphi M, Kocsubé S, Ámon J, Vágvölgyi C, Scazzocchio C, Hamari Z. Genome organization and evolution of a eukaryotic nicotinate co-inducible pathway. Open Biol 2021; 11:210099. [PMID: 34582709 PMCID: PMC8478523 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In Aspergillus nidulans a regulon including 11 hxn genes (hxnS, T, R, P, Y, Z, X, W, V, M and N) is inducible by a nicotinate metabolic derivative, repressible by ammonium and under stringent control of the nitrogen-state-sensitive GATA factor AreA and the specific transcription factor HxnR. This is the first report in a eukaryote of the genomic organization of a possibly complete pathway of nicotinate utilization. In A. nidulans the regulon is organized in three distinct clusters, this organization is variable in the Ascomycota. In some Pezizomycotina species all 11 genes map in a single cluster; in others they map in two clusters. This variable organization sheds light on cluster evolution. Instances of gene duplication followed by or simultaneous with integration in the cluster, partial or total cluster loss, and horizontal gene transfer of several genes (including an example of whole cluster re-acquisition in Aspergillus of section Flavi) were detected, together with the incorporation in some clusters of genes not found in the A. nidulans co-regulated regulon, which underlie both the plasticity and the reticulate character of metabolic cluster evolution. This study provides a comprehensive phylogeny of six members of the cluster across representatives of all Ascomycota classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Bokor
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged Faculty of Science and Informatics, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Michel Flipphi
- Institute de Génétique et Microbiologie, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Sándor Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged Faculty of Science and Informatics, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Ámon
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged Faculty of Science and Informatics, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged Faculty of Science and Informatics, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Claudio Scazzocchio
- Department of Microbiology, Imperial College, London, UK,Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Zsuzsanna Hamari
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged Faculty of Science and Informatics, Szeged, Hungary
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Magyar D, Tischner Z, Páldy A, Kocsubé S, Dancsházy Z, Halász Á, Kredics L. Impact of global megatrends on the spread of microscopic fungi in the Pannonian Biogeographical Region. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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11
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Nagy G, Kiss S, Varghese R, Bauer K, Szebenyi C, Kocsubé S, Homa M, Bodai L, Zsindely N, Nagy G, Vágvölgyi C, Papp T. Characterization of Three Pleiotropic Drug Resistance Transporter Genes and Their Participation in the Azole Resistance of Mucor circinelloides. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:660347. [PMID: 33937100 PMCID: PMC8079984 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.660347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucormycosis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection caused by certain members of the fungal order Mucorales. This infection is associated with high mortality rate, which can reach nearly 100% depending on the underlying condition of the patient. Treatment of mucormycosis is challenging because these fungi are intrinsically resistant to most of the routinely used antifungal agents, such as most of the azoles. One possible mechanism of azole resistance is the drug efflux catalyzed by members of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily. The pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) transporter subfamily of ABC transporters is the most closely associated to drug resistance. The genome of Mucor circinelloides encodes eight putative PDR-type transporters. In this study, transcription of the eight pdr genes has been analyzed after azole treatment. Only the pdr1 showed increased transcript level in response to all tested azoles. Deletion of this gene caused increased susceptibility to posaconazole, ravuconazole and isavuconazole and altered growth ability of the mutant. In the pdr1 deletion mutant, transcript level of pdr2 and pdr6 significantly increased. Deletion of pdr2 and pdr6 was also done to create single and double knock out mutants for the three genes. After deletion of pdr2 and pdr6, growth ability of the mutant strains decreased, while deletion of pdr2 resulted in increased sensitivity against posaconazole, ravuconazole and isavuconazole. Our result suggests that the regulation of the eight pdr genes is interconnected and pdr1 and pdr2 participates in the resistance of the fungus to posaconazole, ravuconazole and isavuconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Nagy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE “Lendület” Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kiss
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rakesh Varghese
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kitti Bauer
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csilla Szebenyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE “Lendület” Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mónika Homa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE “Lendület” Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Bodai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nóra Zsindely
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Papp
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE “Lendület” Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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12
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Dobolyi C, Inotai K, Bata-Vidács I, Sárkány D, Csernus O, Kocsubé S, Tóth B, Szekeres A, Kukolya J. Isolation and detailed characterisation of the first sterigmatocystin hyperproducer mould strain in Hungary. AAlim 2021. [DOI: 10.1556/066.2020.00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAspergillus strains were isolated from Hungarian mills in order to get information on the appearance of sterigmatocystin (ST) producing moulds, whose presence has never been demonstrated in Hungary. Fungal isolates were classified into nine morphotypes, sections Nigri, Nidulantes, Versicolores (two morphotypes), Circumdati, Flavi (two morphotypes), Clavati and Terrei by classical mycological assays. ST producing strains could be classified into section Versicolores. ST production of the isolates was assessed by liquid and solid phase growth experiments and compared to ST producing reference strains: Aspergillus pepii SzMC 22332, Aspergillus versicolor SzMC 22333, Aspergillus griseoaurantiacus SzMC 22334 and Aspergillus nidulans RDIT9.32. Four of our isolates marked as Km11, Km14, Km26 and Km31 showed ST production in liquid medium. ST production on solid phase corn grit substrate was measured after three weeks of incubation, and Km26 isolate proved to be the most prominent with a toxin concentration of 277.1 μg g−1, surpassing all reference strains. The toxin-producing ability of Km26 isolate was also tested in a field experiment, where corn was infected. By the end of the experiment, ST level of 19.56 μg kg−1 was measured in infected corn.Molecular taxonomic identification of the Km26 strain was performed using internal transcribed spacer (ITS), calmodulin and tubulin sequence analyses. Based on these studies, strain Km26 was identified as Aspergillus creber.Here we report that an ST-producing A. creber strain has appeared in Hungary, and the Km26 strain is the first known extreme ST-producing mould in this country. As a result of climate change, aflatoxin B1 producing Aspergillus flavus strains have appeared in Hungary in the last decade. As strain Km26 is the only A. creber isolate in Hungary so far, there is no sign of mass prevalence, and due to the lower temperature optimum of the species compared to A. flavus, its appearance is probably not related to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cs. Dobolyi
- 1Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, Szent István University, Páter K. út 1, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - K. Inotai
- 2Department of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Herman Ottó u. 15, H-1022, Budapest, Hungary
| | - I. Bata-Vidács
- 2Department of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Herman Ottó u. 15, H-1022, Budapest, Hungary
- 3Research Group for Food Biotechnology, Buda Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Herman Ottó u. 15, H-1022, Budapest, Hungary
| | - D. Sárkány
- 2Department of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Herman Ottó u. 15, H-1022, Budapest, Hungary
| | - O. Csernus
- 4Department of Brewing and Distilling, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Ménesi út 45, H-1118, Budapest, Hungary
| | - S. Kocsubé
- 5Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - B. Tóth
- 6Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - A. Szekeres
- 5Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - J. Kukolya
- 2Department of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Herman Ottó u. 15, H-1022, Budapest, Hungary
- 3Research Group for Food Biotechnology, Buda Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Herman Ottó u. 15, H-1022, Budapest, Hungary
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Hatvani L, Homa M, Chenthamara K, Cai F, Kocsubé S, Atanasova L, Mlinaric-Missoni E, Manikandan P, Revathi R, Dóczi I, Bogáts G, Narendran V, Büchner R, Vágvölgyi C, Druzhinina IS, Kredics L. Agricultural systems as potential sources of emerging human mycoses caused by Trichoderma: a successful, common phylotype of Trichoderma longibrachiatum in the frontline. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 366:5670621. [PMID: 31816013 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma species are abundant in different agricultural habitats, but some representatives of this genus, mainly clade Longibrachiatum members are also emerging as causative agents of various human diseases with even fatal outcome. Strains of these species frequently show resistance to commonly used azole antifungals. Based on previous data it is hypothesized that Trichoderma isolates identified in human infections derive from environmental-including agricultural-origins. We examined Trichoderma longibrachiatum Rifai and Trichoderma bissettii Sandoval-Denis & Guarro strains recovered from four novel cases of human mycoses, along with isolates from previous case reports and different agricultural habitats, using multilocus phylogenetic analysis, BIOLOG Phenotype Microarrays and Etest. Strains attributed to T. bissettii were more abundant in both clinical and agricultural specimens compared to T. longibrachiatum. The majority of the isolates of both taxa could tolerate >256, >32 and >32 μg/ml fluconazole, itraconazole and posaconazole, respectively. None of the obtained results revealed characteristic differences between strains of clinical and agricultural origin, nor between the two taxa, supporting that agricultural environments may be significant sources of infections caused by these emerging human fungal pathogens. Furthermore, based on our findings we propose the re-classification of T. bissettii as T. longibrachiatum f. sp. bissettii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lóránt Hatvani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., Szeged, 6726, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE "Lendület" Mycobiome Research Group, Közép fasor 52., Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Mónika Homa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., Szeged, 6726, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE "Lendület" Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, Közép fasor 52., Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Komal Chenthamara
- Microbiology and Applied Genomics Group, Research Area Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental & Bioscience Engineering (ICEBE), Gumpendorferstrasse 1a/E166-5., TU Wien, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Feng Cai
- Microbiology and Applied Genomics Group, Research Area Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental & Bioscience Engineering (ICEBE), Gumpendorferstrasse 1a/E166-5., TU Wien, Vienna, 1060, Austria.,Fungal Genomics Group, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1., Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sándor Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Lea Atanasova
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18., Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Emilija Mlinaric-Missoni
- Croatian National Institute of Public Health, Rockefellerova 2., Zagreb, 10000, Croatia (retired)
| | - Palanisamy Manikandan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Academic City, Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia.,Greenlink Analytical and Research Laboratory India Private Ltd, Tex Park Road, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 014, India
| | - Rajaraman Revathi
- Aravind Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Avinashi Road, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 014, India
| | - Ilona Dóczi
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6., Szeged, 6725, Hungary
| | - Gábor Bogáts
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 8., Szeged, 6725, Hungary
| | - Venkatapathy Narendran
- Aravind Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Avinashi Road, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 014, India
| | - Rita Büchner
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., Szeged, 6726, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Irina S Druzhinina
- Microbiology and Applied Genomics Group, Research Area Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental & Bioscience Engineering (ICEBE), Gumpendorferstrasse 1a/E166-5., TU Wien, Vienna, 1060, Austria.,Fungal Genomics Group, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1., Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - László Kredics
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., Szeged, 6726, Hungary
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14
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Turbat A, Rakk D, Vigneshwari A, Kocsubé S, Thu H, Szepesi Á, Bakacsy L, D. Škrbić B, Jigjiddorj EA, Vágvölgyi C, Szekeres A. Characterization of the Plant Growth-Promoting Activities of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Sophora flavescens. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8050683. [PMID: 32392856 PMCID: PMC7284388 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi in symbiotic association with their host plant are well known to improve plant growth and reduce the adverse effects of both biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, fungal endophytes are beginning to receive increased attention in an effort to find growth-promoting strains that could be applied to enhance crop yield and quality. In our study, the plant growth-promoting activities of endophytic fungi isolated from various parts of Sophora flavescens (a medicinally important plant in Mongolia and China) have been revealed and investigated. Fungal isolates were identified using molecular taxonomical methods, while their plant growth-promoting abilities were evaluated in plate assays. Altogether, 15 strains were isolated, representing the genera Alternaria, Didymella, Fusarium and Xylogone. Five of the isolates possessed phosphate solubilization activities and twelve secreted siderophores, while all of them were able to produce indoleacetic acid (IAA) in the presence or absence of tryptophan. The endogenous and exogenous accumulation of IAA were also monitored in liquid cultures using the HPLC-MS/MS technique to refine the plate assay results. Furthermore, for the highest IAA producer fungi, the effects of their extracts were also examined in plant bioassays. In these tests, the primary root lengths of the model Arabidopsis thaliana were increased in several cases, while the biomasses were significantly lower than the control IAA treatment. Significant alterations have also been detected in the photosynthetic pigment (chlorophyll-a, -b and carotenoids) content due to the fungal extract treatments, but these changes did not show any specific trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adiyadolgor Turbat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (A.T.); (D.R.); (A.V.); (S.K.); (H.T.); (C.V.)
- Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dávid Rakk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (A.T.); (D.R.); (A.V.); (S.K.); (H.T.); (C.V.)
- Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Aruna Vigneshwari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (A.T.); (D.R.); (A.V.); (S.K.); (H.T.); (C.V.)
| | - Sándor Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (A.T.); (D.R.); (A.V.); (S.K.); (H.T.); (C.V.)
| | - Huynh Thu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (A.T.); (D.R.); (A.V.); (S.K.); (H.T.); (C.V.)
- Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Szepesi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Á.S.); (L.B.)
| | - László Bakacsy
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Á.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Biljana D. Škrbić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Enkh-Amgalan Jigjiddorj
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Mongolian Academy of Science, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia;
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (A.T.); (D.R.); (A.V.); (S.K.); (H.T.); (C.V.)
| | - András Szekeres
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (A.T.); (D.R.); (A.V.); (S.K.); (H.T.); (C.V.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Houbraken J, Kocsubé S, Visagie C, Yilmaz N, Wang XC, Meijer M, Kraak B, Hubka V, Bensch K, Samson R, Frisvad J. Classification of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces and related genera ( Eurotiales): An overview of families, genera, subgenera, sections, series and species. Stud Mycol 2020; 95:5-169. [PMID: 32855739 PMCID: PMC7426331 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Eurotiales is a relatively large order of Ascomycetes with members frequently having positive and negative impact on human activities. Species within this order gain attention from various research fields such as food, indoor and medical mycology and biotechnology. In this article we give an overview of families and genera present in the Eurotiales and introduce an updated subgeneric, sectional and series classification for Aspergillus and Penicillium. Finally, a comprehensive list of accepted species in the Eurotiales is given. The classification of the Eurotiales at family and genus level is traditionally based on phenotypic characters, and this classification has since been challenged using sequence-based approaches. Here, we re-evaluated the relationships between families and genera of the Eurotiales using a nine-gene sequence dataset. Based on this analysis, the new family Penicillaginaceae is introduced and four known families are accepted: Aspergillaceae, Elaphomycetaceae, Thermoascaceae and Trichocomaceae. The Eurotiales includes 28 genera: 15 genera are accommodated in the Aspergillaceae (Aspergillago, Aspergillus, Evansstolkia, Hamigera, Leiothecium, Monascus, Penicilliopsis, Penicillium, Phialomyces, Pseudohamigera, Pseudopenicillium, Sclerocleista, Warcupiella, Xerochrysium and Xeromyces), eight in the Trichocomaceae (Acidotalaromyces, Ascospirella, Dendrosphaera, Rasamsonia, Sagenomella, Talaromyces, Thermomyces, Trichocoma), two in the Thermoascaceae (Paecilomyces, Thermoascus) and one in the Penicillaginaceae (Penicillago). The classification of the Elaphomycetaceae was not part of this study, but according to literature two genera are present in this family (Elaphomyces and Pseudotulostoma). The use of an infrageneric classification system has a long tradition in Aspergillus and Penicillium. Most recent taxonomic studies focused on the sectional level, resulting in a well-established sectional classification in these genera. In contrast, a series classification in Aspergillus and Penicillium is often outdated or lacking, but is still relevant, e.g., the allocation of a species to a series can be highly predictive in what functional characters the species might have and might be useful when using a phenotype-based identification. The majority of the series in Aspergillus and Penicillium are invalidly described and here we introduce a new series classification. Using a phylogenetic approach, often supported by phenotypic, physiologic and/or extrolite data, Aspergillus is subdivided in six subgenera, 27 sections (five new) and 75 series (73 new, one new combination), and Penicillium in two subgenera, 32 sections (seven new) and 89 series (57 new, six new combinations). Correct identification of species belonging to the Eurotiales is difficult, but crucial, as the species name is the linking pin to information. Lists of accepted species are a helpful aid for researchers to obtain a correct identification using the current taxonomic schemes. In the most recent list from 2014, 339 Aspergillus, 354 Penicillium and 88 Talaromyces species were accepted. These numbers increased significantly, and the current list includes 446 Aspergillus (32 % increase), 483 Penicillium (36 % increase) and 171 Talaromyces (94 % increase) species, showing the large diversity and high interest in these genera. We expanded this list with all genera and species belonging to the Eurotiales (except those belonging to Elaphomycetaceae). The list includes 1 187 species, distributed over 27 genera, and contains MycoBank numbers, collection numbers of type and ex-type cultures, subgenus, section and series classification data, information on the mode of reproduction, and GenBank accession numbers of ITS, beta-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) gene sequences.
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Key Words
- Acidotalaromyces Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Acidotalaromyces lignorum (Stolk) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Ascospirella Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Ascospirella lutea (Zukal) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Aspergillus chaetosartoryae Hubka, Kocsubé & Houbraken
- Classification
- Evansstolkia Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Evansstolkia leycettana (H.C. Evans & Stolk) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Hamigera brevicompacta (H.Z. Kong) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Infrageneric classification
- New combinations, series
- New combinations, species
- New genera
- New names
- New sections
- New series
- New taxa
- Nomenclature
- Paecilomyces lagunculariae (C. Ram) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Penicillaginaceae Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Penicillago kabunica (Baghd.) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Penicillago mirabilis (Beliakova & Milko) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Penicillago moldavica (Milko & Beliakova) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Phialomyces arenicola (Chalab.) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Phialomyces humicoloides (Bills & Heredia) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Phylogeny
- Polythetic classes
- Pseudohamigera Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Pseudohamigera striata (Raper & Fennell) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Talaromyces resinae (Z.T. Qi & H.Z. Kong) Houbraken & X.C. Wang
- Talaromyces striatoconidius Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Taxonomic novelties: New family
- Thermoascus verrucosus (Samson & Tansey) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Thermoascus yaguchii Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- in Aspergillus: sect. Bispori S.W. Peterson, Varga, Frisvad, Samson ex Houbraken
- in Aspergillus: ser. Acidohumorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- in Aspergillus: ser. Inflati (Stolk & Samson) Houbraken & Frisvad
- in Penicillium: sect. Alfrediorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- in Penicillium: ser. Adametziorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- in Penicillium: ser. Alutacea (Pitt) Houbraken & Frisvad
- sect. Crypta Houbraken & Frisvad
- sect. Eremophila Houbraken & Frisvad
- sect. Formosana Houbraken & Frisvad
- sect. Griseola Houbraken & Frisvad
- sect. Inusitata Houbraken & Frisvad
- sect. Lasseniorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- sect. Polypaecilum Houbraken & Frisvad
- sect. Raperorum S.W. Peterson, Varga, Frisvad, Samson ex Houbraken
- sect. Silvatici S.W. Peterson, Varga, Frisvad, Samson ex Houbraken
- sect. Vargarum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Alliacei Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Ambigui Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Angustiporcata Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Arxiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Atramentosa Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Aurantiobrunnei Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Avenacei Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Bertholletiarum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Biplani Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Brevicompacta Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Brevipedes Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Brunneouniseriati Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Buchwaldiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Calidousti Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Canini Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Carbonarii Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Cavernicolarum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Cervini Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Chevalierorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Cinnamopurpurea Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Circumdati Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Clavigera Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Conjuncti Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Copticolarum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Coremiiformes Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Corylophila Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Costaricensia Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Cremei Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Crustacea (Pitt) Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Dalearum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Deflecti Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Egyptiaci Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Erubescentia (Pitt) Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Estinogena Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Euglauca Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Fennelliarum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Flavi Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Flavipedes Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Fortuita Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Fumigati Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Funiculosi Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Gallaica Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Georgiensia Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Goetziorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Gracilenta Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Halophilici Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Herqueorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Heteromorphi Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Hoeksiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Homomorphi Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Idahoensia Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Implicati Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Improvisa Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Indica Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Japonici Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Jiangxiensia Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Kalimarum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Kiamaensia Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Kitamyces Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Lapidosa (Pitt) Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Leporum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Leucocarpi Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Livida Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Longicatenata Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Macrosclerotiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Monodiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Multicolores Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Neoglabri Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Neonivei Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Nidulantes Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Nigri Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Nivei Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Nodula Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Nomiarum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Noonimiarum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Ochraceorosei Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Olivimuriarum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Osmophila Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Paradoxa Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Paxillorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Penicillioides Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Phoenicea Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Pinetorum (Pitt) Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Polypaecilum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Pulvini Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Quercetorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Raistrickiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Ramigena Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Restricti Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Robsamsonia Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Rolfsiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Roseopurpurea Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Rubri Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Salinarum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Samsoniorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Saturniformia Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Scabrosa Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Sclerotigena Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Sclerotiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Sheariorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Simplicissima Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Soppiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Sparsi Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Spathulati Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Spelaei Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Speluncei Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Spinulosa Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Stellati Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Steyniorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Sublectatica Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Sumatraensia Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Tamarindosolorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Teporium Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Terrei Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Thermomutati Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Thiersiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Thomiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Unguium Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Unilaterales Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Usti Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Verhageniorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Versicolores Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Virgata Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Viridinutantes Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Vitricolarum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Wentiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Westlingiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Whitfieldiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Xerophili Houbraken & Frisvad
- series Tularensia (Pitt) Houbraken & Frisvad
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S. Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - C.M. Visagie
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - N. Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - X.-C. Wang
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3, 1st Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - M. Meijer
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B. Kraak
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - V. Hubka
- Department of Botany, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K. Bensch
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R.A. Samson
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J.C. Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, B. 221, Kongens Lyngby, DK 2800, Denmark
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Kiss N, Homa M, Manikandan P, Mythili A, Krizsán K, Revathi R, Varga M, Papp T, Vágvölgyi C, Kredics L, Kocsubé S. New Species of the Genus Curvularia: C. tamilnaduensis and C. coimbatorensis from Fungal Keratitis Cases in South India. Pathogens 2019; 9:E9. [PMID: 31861831 PMCID: PMC7168623 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Curvularia are melanin-producing dematiaceous fungi of increasing clinical importance as causal agents of both local and invasive infections. This study contributes to the taxonomical and clinical knowledge of this genus by describing two new Curvularia species based on isolates from corneal scrapings of South Indian fungal keratitis patients. The phylogeny of the genus was updated based on three phylogenetic markers: the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal RNA gene cluster as well as fragments of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpdh) and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1α) genes. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree constructed from the alignment of the three concatenated loci revealed that the examined isolates are representing two new, yet undescribed, Curvularia species. Examination of colony and microscopic morphology revealed differences between the two species as well as between the new species and their close relatives. The new species were formally described as Curvularia tamilnaduensis N. Kiss & S. Kocsubé sp. nov. and Curvularia coimbatorensis N. Kiss & S. Kocsubé sp. nov. Antifungal susceptibility testing by the broth microdilution method of CLSI (Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute) revealed that the type strain of C. coimbatorensis is less susceptible to a series of antifungals than the C. tamilnaduensis strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémi Kiss
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.K.); (M.H.); (M.V.); (T.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Mónika Homa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.K.); (M.H.); (M.V.); (T.P.); (C.V.)
- MTA-SZTE “Lendület” Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Palanisamy Manikandan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia;
- Greenlink Analytical and Research Laboratory India Private Ltd., Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641014, India
| | - Arumugam Mythili
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. G.R. Damodaran College of Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641014, India;
| | - Krisztina Krizsán
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Rajaraman Revathi
- Aravind Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641014, India;
| | - Mónika Varga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.K.); (M.H.); (M.V.); (T.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Tamás Papp
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.K.); (M.H.); (M.V.); (T.P.); (C.V.)
- MTA-SZTE “Lendület” Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.K.); (M.H.); (M.V.); (T.P.); (C.V.)
| | - László Kredics
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.K.); (M.H.); (M.V.); (T.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Sándor Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.K.); (M.H.); (M.V.); (T.P.); (C.V.)
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17
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Homa M, Manikandan P, Szekeres A, Kiss N, Kocsubé S, Kredics L, Alshehri B, Dukhyil AAB, Revathi R, Narendran V, Vágvölgyi C, Shobana CS, Papp T. Characterization of Aspergillus tamarii Strains From Human Keratomycoses: Molecular Identification, Antifungal Susceptibility Patterns and Cyclopiazonic Acid Producing Abilities. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2249. [PMID: 31649626 PMCID: PMC6794953 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus tamarii appears to be an emerging aetiological agent of human keratomycoses in South India. The investigated strains were isolated from six suspected fungal keratitis patients attending a tertiary care eye hospital in Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu, India), and were initially identified by the microscopic examinations of the scrapings and the cultures. Our data suggest that A. tamarii could be easily overlooked when identification is carried out based on morphological characteristics alone, while the sequence analysis of the calmodulin gene can be used successfully to recognize this species accurately. According to the collected clinical data, ocular trauma is a common risk factor for the infection that gradually developed from mild to severe ulcers and could be healed with an appropriate combined antifungal therapy. Antifungal susceptibility testing revealed that A. tamarii strains are susceptible to the most commonly used topical or systemic antifungal agents (i.e., econazole, itraconazole and ketoconazole) except for natamycin. Moreover, natamycin proved to be similarly less effective than the azoles against A. tamarii in our drug interaction tests, as the predominance of indifferent interactions was revealed between natamycin and econazole and between natamycin and itraconazole as well. Four and five isolates of A. tamarii were confirmed to produce cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) in RPMI-1640 – which is designed to mimic the composition of human extracellular fluids – and in yeast extract sucrose (YES) medium, respectively, which is a widely used culture medium for testing mycotoxin production. Although a ten times lower mycelial biomass was recorded in RPMI-1640 than in YES medium, the toxin contents of the samples were of the same order of magnitude in both types of media. There might be a relationship between the outcome of infections and the toxigenic properties of the infecting fungal strains. However, this remains to be investigated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Homa
- MTA-SZTE "Lendület" Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Palanisamy Manikandan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia.,Greenlink Analytical and Research Laboratory (India) Private Limited, Coimbatore, India
| | - András Szekeres
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Noémi Kiss
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Kredics
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bader Alshehri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Aziz Bin Dukhyil
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajaraman Revathi
- Aravind Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Tamás Papp
- MTA-SZTE "Lendület" Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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18
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Kartali T, Nyilasi I, Szabó B, Kocsubé S, Patai R, Polgár TF, Nagy G, Vágvölgyi C, Papp T. Detection and Molecular Characterization of Novel dsRNA Viruses Related to the Totiviridae Family in Umbelopsis ramanniana. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:249. [PMID: 31380294 PMCID: PMC6644447 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Umbelopsis ramanniana is an oleaginous fungus belonging to the Mucoromycotina subphylum. Our group had previously detected four double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) bands in the U. ramanniana NRRL 1296 strain by gel electrophoresis. Here we describe the molecular characterization of its dsRNA elements as well as the discovery of four novel dsRNA viruses: Umbelopsis ramanniana virus 1 (UrV1), Umbelopsis ramanniana virus 2 (UrV2), Umbelopsis ramanniana virus 3 (UrV3), and Umbelopsis ramanniana virus 4 (UrV4). Full genomes of UrV1, UrV3, and UrV4 were determined using the full-length amplification of cDNAs (FLAC) technique; they contain two open reading frames (ORF), which putatively encode the coat protein (CP) and the RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), respectively. In case of UrV2, a partial ORF encoding a partial RdRp gene could be determined. Based on the phylogeny inferred from the RdRp sequences, UrV1 and UrV4 belong to the genus Totivirus, while UrV2 may belong to the genus Victorivirus. UrV3 nested to a novel, unclassified group of Totiviridae, which is related to the genus Totivirus. Hybridization analysis revealed that the dsRNA molecules of UrV1 and UrV4 correspond to the same 5.0-kbp electrophoretic band, whilst the probe for the UrV3 hybridized to the largest, 5.3-kbp and the 3.0-kbp bands of the dsRNA pattern of U. ramanniana. Interestingly, the probe for the UrV2 sequence did not hybridized to any dsRNA bands, but it could be amplified from the isolated 3.0-kbp fragment. By transmission electron microscopy, two different isometric virus particles with about 50 and 35 nm in diameter were detected in U. ramanniana NRRL 1296 indicating that this strain harbor multiple viruses. Beside U. ramanniana, dsRNA elements were also detected in other Umbelopsis isolates with different patterns consisting of 2 to 4 discrete and different sized (0.7–5.3-kbp) dsRNA molecules. Based on a hybridization analysis with UrV1 CP and RdRp probes, the bands with the size of around 5.0-kbp, which were present in all tested Umbelopsis strains, are presumed as possible full mycovirus genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Kartali
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Nyilasi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Boglárka Szabó
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Roland Patai
- Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás F Polgár
- Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Nagy
- MTA-SZTE Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Papp
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
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19
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Vigneshwari A, Rakk D, Németh A, Kocsubé S, Kiss N, Csupor D, Papp T, Škrbić B, Vágvölgyi C, Szekeres A. Host metabolite producing endophytic fungi isolated from Hypericum perforatum. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217060. [PMID: 31112560 PMCID: PMC6529008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, endophytic fungi have been isolated from various parts of the medicinal herb Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s Wort), which is known as a source of medically important metabolites. The isolated strains were cultured in liquid media and their ability to synthesize hypericin, the secondary metabolite of the host and its suspected precursor, emodin was tested analyzing the extracts of the fermentation broth and the mycelia. The HPLC-UV analysis of the chloroform/methanol extracts of the mycelia revealed that three isolates were able to produce emodin (SZMC 23771, 19.9 ng/mg; SZMC 23772, 20.8 ng/mg; SZMC 23769, 427.9 ng/mg) and one of them also could synthesize hypericin (SZMC 23769, 320.4 ng/mg). These results were also confirmed via UHPLC-HRMS technique both in full scan and MS/MS mode. The strains producing only emodin belong to the section Alternata of the genus Alternaria, while the isolate producing both metabolites was identified as Epicoccum nigrum. The mycelial extracts of E. nigrum and the Alternaria sp. SZMC 23772 showed higher inhibitory activities in the antimicrobial tests against the six selected bacteria compared to the hypericin and emodin standards in the applied concentration (100 μg/mL), while in case of the Alternaria sp. SZMC 23771 lower inhibition activities were observed on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptomyces albus than the pure compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Vigneshwari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dávid Rakk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anikó Németh
- Botanical Garden, University of Szeged, Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Noémi Kiss
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dezső Csupor
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Papp
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences—University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Biljana Škrbić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Natural Products, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Szekeres
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Natural Products, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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20
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Jakšić D, Kocsubé S, Bencsik O, Kecskeméti A, Szekeres A, Jelić D, Kopjar N, Vágvölgyi C, Varga J, Šegvić Klarić M. Aflatoxin production and in vitro toxicity of Aspergilli section Flavi isolated from air samples collected from different environments. Mycotoxin Res 2019; 35:217-230. [PMID: 30877631 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-019-00345-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aspergilli section Flavi, originally isolated from air samples collected from inhabited apartments (AP), unoccupied basements (BS), and processing facilities of a grain mill (GM), were analyzed for their potential to produce aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on solid media. The isolates were further characterized with regard to their cytotoxic, genotoxic, and pro-inflammatory properties in vitro. Aspergilli were identified based on partial calmodulin (CaM) gene sequencing; the producing capacities of isolates were analyzed by HPLC/FLD and confirmed by genes in biosynthesis (aflR, norA, omtA). In the grain mill, the Aspergilli section Flavi (up to 1.3 × 106 cfu/m3) dominated by AFB1-producing Aspergillus flavus (71%, 4.5-5254 ng/ml) which showed a serious health risk for workers. Living environments were not relevant sources of exposure. After 24 h, AFB1 (1-100 μmol/l) reduced cell viability (MTT test) in both A549 cells and THP-1 macrophage-like cells without reaching IC50. In A549 cells, the extract of the AFB1-producing A. flavus significantly decreased cell viability but not below 50%. THP-1 macrophage-like cells were more sensitive to both extracts, but IC50 was obtained only for the AFB1-producing strain (0.37 mg/ml; AFB1 2.78 μmol/l). AFB1 (1 and 10 μmol/l) induced significant DNA damage (tail intensity, alkaline comet assay) in A549 cells in contrast to Aspergilli extracts. AFB1 elevated IL-6 and IL-8, while Aspergilli extracts increased IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-17 release in THP-1 macrophages (ELISA). Chronic exposure to AFB1 and/or other metabolites in airborne A. flavus from occupational environments may stimulate epithelial damage of airways accompanied by lowered macrophage viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Jakšić
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Schrottova 39, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sándor Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - Ottó Bencsik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - Anita Kecskeméti
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - András Szekeres
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - Dubravko Jelić
- Fidelta Ltd., Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nevenka Kopjar
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - János Varga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - Maja Šegvić Klarić
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Schrottova 39, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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21
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Bóka B, Manczinger L, Kocsubé S, Shine K, Alharbi NS, Khaled JM, Münsterkötter M, Vágvölgyi C, Kredics L. Genome analysis of a Bacillus subtilis strain reveals genetic mutations determining biocontrol properties. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:52. [PMID: 30868269 PMCID: PMC6435635 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2625-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Several Bacillus strains are used as biocontrol agents, as they frequently have strong antagonistic effects against microbial plant pathogens. Bacillus strain SZMC 6179J, isolated from tomato rhizosphere, was previously shown to have excellent in vitro antagonistic properties against the most important fungal pathogens of tomato (Alternaria solani, Botrytis cinerea, Phytophthora infestans and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) as well as several Fusarium species. Taxonomic investigations revealed that it is a member of the B. subtilis subsp. subtilis group and very closely related with the reference type strain B. subtilis subsp. subtilis 168. The sequenced genome of strain SZMC 6179J contains the genes responsible for the synthesis of the extracellular antibiotics surfactin, fengycin and bacilysin. Compared to strain 168, a prophage-like region is missing from the genome of SZMC 6179J, while there are 106 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 23 deletion-insertion polymorphisms. The high biocontrol potential of strain SZMC 6179J may results from a single base deletion in the sfp gene encoding the transcription factor of the surfactin and fengycin operons. Hypermutated regions reflecting short-time evolutionary processes could be detected in SZMC 6179J. The deletion-insertion polymorphism in the sfp gene and the detected hypermutations can be suggested as genetic determinants of biocontrol features in B. subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Bóka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - László Manczinger
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Kadaikunnan Shine
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naiyf S Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal M Khaled
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Martin Münsterkötter
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Research Center for Forestry and Wood Industry, University of Sopron, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky u. 4, Sopron, 9401, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - László Kredics
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary.
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22
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Hajdu D, Huber A, Czajlik A, Tóth L, Kele Z, Kocsubé S, Fizil Á, Marx F, Galgóczy L, Batta G. Solution structure and novel insights into phylogeny and mode of action of the Neosartorya (Aspergillus) fischeri antifungal protein (NFAP). Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 129:511-522. [PMID: 30738898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Small, cysteine-rich and cationic antifungal proteins from natural sources are promising candidates for the development of novel treatment strategies to prevent and combat infections caused by drug-resistant fungi. However, limited information about their structure and antifungal mechanism hampers their future applications. In the present study, we determined the solution structure, dynamics and associated solvent areas of the Neosartorya (Aspergillus) fischeri antifungal protein NFAP. Genome mining within the genus revealed the presence of orthologous genes in N. fischeri and Neosartorya spathulata, and genes encoding closely related proteins can be found in Penicillium brasiliensis and Penicillium oxalicum. We show that the tertiary structure of these putative proteins can be resolved using the structure of NFAP as reliable template for in silico prediction. Localization studies with fluorescence-labelled protein pointed at an energy-dependent uptake mechanism of NFAP in the sensitive model fungus Neurospora crassa and subsequent cytoplasmic localization coincided with cell-death induction. The presented results contribute to a better understanding of the structure/function relationship of NFAP and related proteins and pave the way towards future antifungal drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorottya Hajdu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anna Huber
- Division of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - András Czajlik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Liliána Tóth
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kele
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ádám Fizil
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Florentine Marx
- Division of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - László Galgóczy
- Division of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Gyula Batta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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23
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Gömöri C, Nacsa-Farkas E, Kerekes E, Vidács A, Bencsik O, Kocsubé S, Khaled J, Alharbi N, Vágvölgyi C, Krisch J. Effect of essential oil vapours on aflatoxin production of Aspergillus parasiticus. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2018. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2017.2260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The effect of cinnamon, clary sage, juniper, lemon and marjoram essential oil (EO) vapours was tested on growth, aflatoxin production and sporulation of Aspergillus parasiticus. In reversed Petri-dish method the sub-lethal EO vapour concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.42 mg/cm3 air were used and growth rates (mm/day) and antifungal indices (%) were calculated from the growth curves of the fungus. Aflatoxin production was determined by HPLC and spores were counted in a Burker chamber. Cinnamon, clary sage and marjoram EOs showed concentration dependent growth inhibition. Antifungal index and aflatoxin production using the weak antifungals, juniper and lemon EO, increased in parallel. The same trend was found using cinnamon and clary sage EO vapours up to 0.11 mg/cm3 concentration, and marjoram EO up to 0.21 mg/cm3, while higher concentrations caused a sharp decrease in aflatoxin production. Applying sub-lethal concentrations of EOs might induce stress response in A. parasiticus leading to increased aflatoxin production. Only EO concentrations with strong growth and sporulation inhibitory effect were suitable to inhibit the aflatoxin production of A. parasiticus..
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Affiliation(s)
- Cs. Gömöri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - E. Nacsa-Farkas
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - E.B. Kerekes
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - A. Vidács
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - O. Bencsik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - S. Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - J.M. Khaled
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - N.S. Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cs. Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - J. Krisch
- Institute of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Mars tér 7, 6724 Szeged, Hungary
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Jakšić D, Kocsubé S, Bencsik O, Kecskeméti A, Szekeres A, Jelić D, Kopjar N, Vágvölgyi C, Varga J, Šegvić Klarić M. Fumonisin production and toxic capacity in airborne black Aspergilli. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 53:160-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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25
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Sonderegger C, Váradi G, Galgóczy L, Kocsubé S, Posch W, Borics A, Dubrac S, Tóth GK, Wilflingseder D, Marx F. The Evolutionary Conserved γ-Core Motif Influences the Anti- Candida Activity of the Penicillium chrysogenum Antifungal Protein PAF. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1655. [PMID: 30079061 PMCID: PMC6062912 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Small, cysteine-rich and cationic antimicrobial proteins (AMPs) from filamentous ascomycetes represent ideal bio-molecules for the development of next-generation antifungal therapeutics. They are promising candidates to counteract resistance development and may complement or even replace current small molecule-based antibiotics in the future. In this study, we show that a 14 amino acid (aa) long peptide (Pγ) spanning the highly conserved γ-core motif of the Penicillium chrysogenum antifungal protein (PAF) has antifungal activity against the opportunistic human pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. By substituting specific aa we elevated the positive net charge and the hydrophilicity of Pγ and created the peptide variants Pγvar and Pγopt with 10-fold higher antifungal activity than Pγ. Similarly, the antifungal efficacy of the PAF protein could be significantly improved by exchanging the respective aa in the γ-core of the protein by creating the protein variants PAFγvar and PAFγopt. The designed peptides and proteins were investigated in detail for their physicochemical features and mode of action, and were tested for cytotoxicity on mammalian cells. This study proves for the first time the important role of the γ-core motif in the biological function of an AMP from ascomycetes. Furthermore, we provide a detailed phylogenetic analysis that proves the presence and conservation of the γ-core motif in all AMP classes from Eurotiomycetes. We emphasize the potential of this common protein motif for the design of short antifungal peptides and as a protein motif in which targeted aa substitutions enhance antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Sonderegger
- Biocenter, Division of Molecular Biology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Györgyi Váradi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Galgóczy
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Wilfried Posch
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Attila Borics
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sandrine Dubrac
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gábor K. Tóth
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Doris Wilflingseder
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florentine Marx
- Biocenter, Division of Molecular Biology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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26
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Szarkándi JG, Schmidt-Stohn G, Dima B, Hussain S, Kocsubé S, Papp T, Vágvölgyi C, Nagy LG. The genus Parasola: phylogeny and the description of three new species. Mycologia 2017; 109:620-629. [PMID: 29140762 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2017.1386526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Parasola represents an enigmatic lineage of veil-less, coprinoid fungi in Psathyrellaceae (Agaricales). The species-level taxonomy of the genus has been in a flux recently, resulting in the elimination of some long-established names and the description of new taxa. Here, we reconstruct the phylogeny of Parasola using two nuc rDNA loci, the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and 28S and identify several putatively undescribed species, of which three are formally described here (Parasola crataegi, P. ochracea, and P. plicatilis-similis) based on molecular and morphological data. Morphological descriptions for the new species and an identification key to accepted Parasola species are given. We revise and discuss our current understanding of the phylogeny of Parasola.
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Affiliation(s)
- János G Szarkándi
- a Department of Microbiology , University of Szeged, Faculty of Science and Informatics , Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged , Hungary
| | | | - Bálint Dima
- c Department of Plant Anatomy , Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University , Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest , Hungary.,d Department of Biosciences (Plant Biology) , Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Shah Hussain
- e Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat , Mingora 19130 , Pakistan
| | - Sándor Kocsubé
- a Department of Microbiology , University of Szeged, Faculty of Science and Informatics , Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged , Hungary
| | - Tamás Papp
- f MTA-SZTE "Lendület" Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group , Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged , Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- a Department of Microbiology , University of Szeged, Faculty of Science and Informatics , Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged , Hungary
| | - László G Nagy
- g Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit , Institute of Biochemistry , BRC, HAS, Temesvári körút 62, H-6726 Szeged , Hungary
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Baranyi N, Kocsubé S, Jakšić Despot D, Šegvić Klarić M, Szekeres A, Bencsik O, Kecskeméti A, Manikandan P, Tóth B, Kredics L, Khaled JM, Alharbi NS, Vágvölgyi C, Varga J. Combined genotyping strategy reveals structural differences between Aspergillus flavus lineages from different habitats impacting human health. J Basic Microbiol 2017; 57:899-909. [PMID: 28902962 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201700243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus is a filamentous fungus which is widespread on agricultural products and also able to cause various human diseases. This species is frequently isolated from indoor air as well, furthermore, it is known as a common causal agent of keratomycosis, particularly in subtropical and tropical areas. It is also able to produce aflatoxins, one of the most carcinogenic mycotoxins which are harmful to animals and humans. In this study, 59 A. flavus isolates from four different habitats and 1 A. minisclerotigenes isolate were investigated. The isolates were identified and confirmed at the species level by the sequence analysis of a part of their calmodulin gene. Applying a combined analysis of UP-PCR, microsatellite, and calmodulin sequence data, the four group of isolates formed separate clusters on the phylogenetic tree. Examining the distribution of mating type genes MAT1-1 and MAT1-2, a ratio of approximately 3:1 was determined, and no correlation was found between the carried mating type gene and the aflatoxin production capability. HPLC analysis revealed that none of the examined isolates collected from indoor air or maize in Central Europe were able to produce aflatoxins, while about half of the isolates from India produced these mycotoxins under the test conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Baranyi
- Faculty of Science and Informatics, Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kocsubé
- Faculty of Science and Informatics, Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Daniela Jakšić Despot
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Microbiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Šegvić Klarić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Microbiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - András Szekeres
- Faculty of Science and Informatics, Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ottó Bencsik
- Faculty of Science and Informatics, Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anita Kecskeméti
- Faculty of Science and Informatics, Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Palanisamy Manikandan
- Greenlink Analytical and Research Laboratory India Private Ltd, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Beáta Tóth
- National Agricultural Research and Innovation Center, NÖKO, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Kredics
- Faculty of Science and Informatics, Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jamal M Khaled
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Naiyf S Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Faculty of Science and Informatics, Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - János Varga
- Faculty of Science and Informatics, Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Giusiano GE, Piontelli E, Fernández MS, Mangiaterra ML, Cattana ME, Kocsubé S, Varga J. Biodiversity of species of Aspergillus section Fumigati in semi-desert soils in Argentina. Rev Argent Microbiol 2017; 49:247-254. [PMID: 28551307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution of Aspergillus species in soil has been widely studied all over the world. The aim of this study was the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of species Aspergillus belonging to section Fumigati present in soils from two Argentinian semi-desert areas having different geological conditions. Altogether, 23 isolates belonging to Aspergillus section Fumigati were recovered and identified using a polyphasic approach including phenotypic and molecular identifications. Aspergillus fumigatus sensu stricto and Aspergillus fumigatiaffinis had the highest frequency, of occurrence while isolates closely related to Aspergillus udagawae and Aspergillus felis were rarely observed. A. fumigatiaffinis and isolates closer to A. udagawae were isolated for the first time from Argentinian soils and this is the first report on the occurrence of species belonging to the A. felis clade in South America. Recent scientific interests in biodiversity, as well as the increasing importance of aspergilli as causative agents of human and animal diseases increase the need to understand the diversity and occurrence of these fungi in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo E Giusiano
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, CONICET, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Departamento de Micología, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina.
| | - Eduardo Piontelli
- Universidad de Valparaíso, Escuela de Medicina, Cátedra de Micología, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Mariana S Fernández
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, CONICET, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Departamento de Micología, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina
| | - Magdalena L Mangiaterra
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, CONICET, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Departamento de Micología, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina
| | - María E Cattana
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, CONICET, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Departamento de Micología, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina
| | - Sándor Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Varga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Chen AJ, Frisvad JC, Sun BD, Varga J, Kocsubé S, Dijksterhuis J, Kim DH, Hong SB, Houbraken J, Samson RA. Aspergillus section Nidulantes (formerly Emericella): Polyphasic taxonomy, chemistry and biology. Stud Mycol 2016; 84:1-118. [PMID: 28050053 PMCID: PMC5198626 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus section Nidulantes includes species with striking morphological characters, such as biseriate conidiophores with brown-pigmented stipes, and if present, the production of ascomata embedded in masses of Hülle cells with often reddish brown ascospores. The majority of species in this section have a sexual state, which were named Emericella in the dual name nomenclature system. In the present study, strains belonging to subgenus Nidulantes were subjected to multilocus molecular phylogenetic analyses using internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), partial β-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) sequences. Nine sections are accepted in subgenus Nidulantes including the new section Cavernicolus. A polyphasic approach using morphological characters, extrolites, physiological characters and phylogeny was applied to investigate the taxonomy of section Nidulantes. Based on this approach, section Nidulantes is subdivided in seven clades and 65 species, and 10 species are described here as new. Morphological characters including colour, shape, size, and ornamentation of ascospores, shape and size of conidia and vesicles, growth temperatures are important for identifying species. Many species of section Nidulantes produce the carcinogenic mycotoxin sterigmatocystin. The most important mycotoxins in Aspergillus section Nidulantes are aflatoxins, sterigmatocystin, emestrin, fumitremorgins, asteltoxins, and paxillin while other extrolites are useful drugs or drug lead candidates such as echinocandins, mulundocandins, calbistrins, varitriols, variecolins and terrain. Aflatoxin B1 is produced by four species: A. astellatus, A. miraensis, A. olivicola, and A. venezuelensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China; CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J C Frisvad
- Department of Systems Biology, Søltofts Plads B. 221, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - B D Sun
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Centre, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - J Varga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - S Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - J Dijksterhuis
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - D H Kim
- Division of Forest Environment Protection, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - S-B Hong
- Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, National Institute of Agricultural Science, 166, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - J Houbraken
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R A Samson
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Kocsubé S, Perrone G, Magistà D, Houbraken J, Varga J, Szigeti G, Hubka V, Hong SB, Frisvad J, Samson R. Aspergillus is monophyletic: Evidence from multiple gene phylogenies and extrolites profiles. Stud Mycol 2016; 85:199-213. [PMID: 28082760 PMCID: PMC5220211 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus is one of the economically most important fungal genera. Recently, the ICN adopted the single name nomenclature which has forced mycologists to choose one name for fungi (e.g. Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, etc.). Previously two proposals for the single name nomenclature in Aspergillus were presented: one attributes the name "Aspergillus" to clades comprising seven different teleomorphic names, by supporting the monophyly of this genus; the other proposes that Aspergillus is a non-monophyletic genus, by preserving the Aspergillus name only to species belonging to subgenus Circumdati and maintaining the sexual names in the other clades. The aim of our study was to test the monophyly of Aspergilli by two independent phylogenetic analyses using a multilocus phylogenetic approach. One test was run on the publicly available coding regions of six genes (RPB1, RPB2, Tsr1, Cct8, BenA, CaM), using 96 species of Penicillium, Aspergillus and related taxa. Bayesian (MrBayes) and Ultrafast Maximum Likelihood (IQ-Tree) and Rapid Maximum Likelihood (RaxML) analyses gave the same conclusion highly supporting the monophyly of Aspergillus. The other analyses were also performed by using publicly available data of the coding sequences of nine loci (18S rRNA, 5,8S rRNA, 28S rRNA (D1-D2), RPB1, RPB2, CaM, BenA, Tsr1, Cct8) of 204 different species. Both Bayesian (MrBayes) and Maximum Likelihood (RAxML) trees obtained by this second round of independent analyses strongly supported the monophyly of the genus Aspergillus. The stability test also confirmed the robustness of the results obtained. In conclusion, statistical analyses have rejected the hypothesis that the Aspergilli are non-monophyletic, and provided robust arguments that the genus is monophyletic and clearly separated from the monophyletic genus Penicillium. There is no phylogenetic evidence to split Aspergillus into several genera and the name Aspergillus can be used for all the species belonging to Aspergillus i.e. the clade comprising the subgenera Aspergillus, Circumdati, Fumigati, Nidulantes, section Cremei and certain species which were formerly part of the genera Phialosimplex and Polypaecilum. Section Cremei and the clade containing Polypaecilum and Phialosimplex are proposed as new subgenera of Aspergillus. The phylogenetic analysis also clearly shows that Aspergillus clavatoflavus and A. zonatus do not belong to the genus Aspergillus. Aspergillus clavatoflavus is therefore transferred to a new genus Aspergillago as Aspergillago clavatoflavus and A. zonatus was transferred to Penicilliopsis as P. zonata. The subgenera of Aspergillus share similar extrolite profiles indicating that the genus is one large genus from a chemotaxonomical point of view. Morphological and ecophysiological characteristics of the species also strongly indicate that Aspergillus is a polythetic class in phenotypic characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kocsubé
- Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - G. Perrone
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - D. Magistà
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - J. Houbraken
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. Varga
- Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - G. Szigeti
- Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - V. Hubka
- Department of Botany, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - S.-B. Hong
- Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, National Institute of Agricultural Science, 166, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - J.C. Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - R.A. Samson
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Šegvić Klarić M, Jakšić Despot D, Kopjar N, Rašić D, Kocsubé S, Varga J, Peraica M. Cytotoxic and genotoxic potencies of single and combined spore extracts of airborne OTA-producing and OTA-non-producing Aspergilli in Human lung A549 cells. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2015; 120:206-214. [PMID: 26086577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus sclerotiorum (AS) is a well-known producer of ochratoxin A (OTA) while Aspergillus pseudoglaucus (AP) produces a wide range of extrolites with poorly investigated toxicity. These species are frequently co-occur in grain mill aeromycota. The aim of this study was to determine OTA levels in spore extracts using HPLC and immunoaffinity columns, and to examine the cytotoxicity of pure OTA, OTA-positive (AS-OTA(+)) and OTA-negative (AS-OTA(-)) spore extracts, as well as of AP spore extract, on human lung adenocarcinoma cells A549, individually and in combination, using a colorimetric MTT test (540nm). To establish which type of cell death predominated after treatments, a quantitative fluorescent assay with ethidium bromide and acridine orange was used, and the level of primary DNA damage in A549 cells was evaluated using the alkaline comet assay. OTA was detected in spore extracts (0.3-28µg/mL) of 3/6 of the AS strains, while none of the tested AP strains were able to produce OTA. Taking into account the maximum detected concentration of OTA in the spores, the daily intake of OTA by inhalation was calculated to be 1ng/kg body weight (b.w.), which is below the tolerable daily intake for OTA (17ng/kg b.w.). Using the MTT test, the following IC50 values were obtained: single OTA (53μg/mL); AS-OTA(+) (mass concentration 934μg/mL corresponds to 10.5μg/mL of OTA in spore extract); and 2126μg/mL for AP. The highest applied concentration of AS-OTA(-) spore extract (4940μg/mL) decreased cell viability by 30% and IC50 for the extract could not be determined. Single OTA and AS-OTA(+) and combinations (AP+AS-OTA(+) and AP+AS-OTA(-)) in subtoxic concentrations provoked significant primary DNA damage, apoptosis, and to a lesser extent, necrosis in A549 cells. Mixture of AP+AS-OTA(+) and AP+AS-OTA(-) in subtoxic concentrations showed dominant additive interactions. Despite the low calculated daily intake of OTA by inhalation, our results suggest that chronic exposure to high levels of OTA-producing airborne fungi in combination with other more or less toxic moulds pose a significant threat to human health due to their possible additive and/or synergistic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Šegvić Klarić
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Schrottova 39, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Daniela Jakšić Despot
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Schrottova 39, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nevenka Kopjar
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute of Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Rašić
- Toxicology Unit, Institute of Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sándor Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Varga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Maja Peraica
- Toxicology Unit, Institute of Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
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Baranyi N, Despot DJ, Palágyi A, Kiss N, Kocsubé S, Szekeres A, Kecskeméti A, Bencsik O, Vágvölgyi C, Klarić MŠ, Varga J. Identification of Aspergillus species in Central Europe able to produce G-type aflatoxins. Acta Biol Hung 2015; 66:339-47. [PMID: 26344029 DOI: 10.1556/018.66.2015.3.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of potential aflatoxin producing fungi was examined in various agricultural products and indoor air in Central European countries including Hungary, Serbia and Croatia. For species identification, both morphological and sequence based methods were applied. Aspergillus flavus was detected in several samples including maize, cheese, nuts, spices and indoor air, and several isolates were able to produce aflatoxins. Besides, three other species of Aspergillus section Flavi, A. nomius, A. pseudonomius and A. parasiticus were also isolated from cheese, maize and indoor air, respectively. This is the first report on the occurrence of A. nomius and A. pseudonomius in Central Europe. All A. nomius, A. pseudonomius and A. parasiticus isolates were able to produce aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2. The A. nomius isolate came from cheese produced very high amounts of aflatoxins (above 1 mg ml⁻¹). All A. nomius, A. pseudonomius and A. parasiticus isolates produced much higher amounts of aflatoxin G1 then aflatoxin B1. Further studies are in progress to examine the occurrence of producers of these highly carcinogenic mycotoxins in agricultural products and indoor air in Central Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Baranyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged , Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged , Hungary
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Mlinarić-Missoni E, Hatvani L, Kocsubé S, Vágvölgyi C, Škarić I, Lukić-Grlić A. Cyberlindnera fabianii in the neonatal and paediatric intensive care unit: case reports. JMM Case Rep 2015. [DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lóránt Hatvani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Amarela Lukić-Grlić
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
- Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Gherbawy Y, Elhariry H, Kocsubé S, Bahobial A, Deeb BE, Altalhi A, Varga J, Vágvölgyi C. Molecular Characterization of BlackAspergillusSpecies from Onion and Their Potential for Ochratoxin A and Fumonisin B2 Production. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2015; 12:414-23. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2014.1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Youssuf Gherbawy
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Hesham Elhariry
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sándor Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Abdulaziz Bahobial
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bahig El Deeb
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Abdulla Altalhi
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - János Varga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Nyilasi I, Kocsubé S, Krizsán K, Galgóczy L, Papp T, Pesti M, Nagy K, Vágvölgyi C. Susceptibility of clinically important dermatophytes against statins and different statin-antifungal combinations. Med Mycol 2014; 52:140-8. [PMID: 24004389 DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2013.828160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The investigation of the antifungal activities of drugs whose primary activities are not related to their antimicrobial potential is in the current forefront of research. Statin compounds, which are routinely used as cholesterol-lowering drugs, may also exert direct antimicrobial effects. In this study, the in vitro antifungal activities of various statins (lovastatin, simvastatin, fluvastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin and pravastatin) were examined against one isolate each of four dermatophyte species (Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum canis and Microsporum gypseum). Basically, statins were effective in inhibiting all dermatophyte studied, but were particularly active against M. canis and T. mentagrophytes. Fluvastatin and simvastatin were active against all of the tested fungi causing a complete inhibition of their growth at very low concentrations (6.25-12.5 μg/ml). Lovastatin and rosuvastatin had inhibitory effects at higher concentrations (25-128 μg/ml), while atorvastatin and pravastatin proved the less effective. The in vitro interactions between statins and different antifungals (ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, amphotericin B, nystatin, griseofulvin, terbinafine and primycin) were also investigated using a standard chequerboard broth microdilution method. Synergetic interactions were observed in several cases, most of them were noticed when statins were combined with terbinafine and the different azoles. Some combinations were particularly active (ketoconazole-simvastatin or terbinafine-simvastatin), as they were found to exert synergistic effect against all of the investigated isolates. The other antifungals showed synergistic interactions with statins in only certain cases. These results suggest that statins exert substantial antifungal effects against dermatophyte fungi and they should be promising components in a combination therapy as they can act synergistically with a number of clinically used antifungal agents.
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Samson R, Visagie C, Houbraken J, Hong SB, Hubka V, Klaassen C, Perrone G, Seifert K, Susca A, Tanney J, Varga J, Kocsubé S, Szigeti G, Yaguchi T, Frisvad J. Phylogeny, identification and nomenclature of the genus Aspergillus. Stud Mycol 2014; 78:141-73. [PMID: 25492982 PMCID: PMC4260807 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 608] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus comprises a diverse group of species based on morphological, physiological and phylogenetic characters, which significantly impact biotechnology, food production, indoor environments and human health. Aspergillus was traditionally associated with nine teleomorph genera, but phylogenetic data suggest that together with genera such as Polypaecilum, Phialosimplex, Dichotomomyces and Cristaspora, Aspergillus forms a monophyletic clade closely related to Penicillium. Changes in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants resulted in the move to one name per species, meaning that a decision had to be made whether to keep Aspergillus as one big genus or to split it into several smaller genera. The International Commission of Penicillium and Aspergillus decided to keep Aspergillus instead of using smaller genera. In this paper, we present the arguments for this decision. We introduce new combinations for accepted species presently lacking an Aspergillus name and provide an updated accepted species list for the genus, now containing 339 species. To add to the scientific value of the list, we include information about living ex-type culture collection numbers and GenBank accession numbers for available representative ITS, calmodulin, β-tubulin and RPB2 sequences. In addition, we recommend a standard working technique for Aspergillus and propose calmodulin as a secondary identification marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.A. Samson
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C.M. Visagie
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. Houbraken
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S.-B. Hong
- Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon, South Korea
| | - V. Hubka
- Department of Botany, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C.H.W. Klaassen
- Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, C70 Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, 532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G. Perrone
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - K.A. Seifert
- Biodiversity (Mycology), Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - A. Susca
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - J.B. Tanney
- Biodiversity (Mycology), Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - J. Varga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - S. Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - G. Szigeti
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - T. Yaguchi
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
| | - J.C. Frisvad
- Department of Systems Biology, Building 221, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Dobolyi C, Sebők F, Varga J, Kocsubé S, Szigeti G, Baranyi N, Szécsi Á, Tóth B, Varga M, Kriszt B, Szoboszlay S, Krifaton C, Kukolya J. Erratum to: Occurrence of aflatoxin producingAspergillus flavusisolates in maize kernel in Hungary. Acta Alimentaria 2013. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.42.2013.4.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Dobolyi C, Sebők F, Varga J, Kocsubé S, Szigeti G, Baranyi N, Szécsi Á, Tóth B, Varga M, Kriszt B, Szoboszlay S, Krifaton C, Kukolya J. Occurrence of aflatoxin producingAspergillus flavusisolates in maize kernel in Hungary. Acta Alimentaria 2013. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.42.2013.3.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Varga J, Kocsubé S, Szigeti G, Man V, Tóth B, Vágvölgyi C, Bartók T. Black Aspergilli and fumonisin contamination in onions purchased in Hungary. Acta Alimentaria 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.41.2012.4.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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41
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Virág E, Belagyi J, Kocsubé S, Vágvölgyi C, Pesti M. Antifungal activity of the primycin complex and its main components A1, A2 and C1 on a Candida albicans clinical isolate, and their effects on the dynamic plasma membrane changes. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2012; 66:67-72. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2012.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nagy LG, Kocsubé S, Csanádi Z, Kovács GM, Petkovits T, Vágvölgyi C, Papp T. Re-mind the gap! Insertion - deletion data reveal neglected phylogenetic potential of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of fungi. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49794. [PMID: 23185439 PMCID: PMC3501463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapidly evolving, indel-rich phylogenetic markers play a pivotal role in our understanding of the relationships at multiple levels of the tree of life. There is extensive evidence that indels provide conserved phylogenetic signal, however, the range of phylogenetic depths for which gaps retain tree signal has not been investigated in detail. Here we address this question using the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), which is central in many phylogenetic studies, molecular ecology, detection and identification of pathogenic and non-pathogenic species. ITS is repeatedly criticized for indel-induced alignment problems and the lack of phylogenetic resolution above species level, although these have not been critically investigated. In this study, we examined whether the inclusion of gap characters in the analyses shifts the phylogenetic utility of ITS alignments towards earlier divergences. By re-analyzing 115 published fungal ITS alignments, we found that indels are slightly more conserved than nucleotide substitutions, and when included in phylogenetic analyses, improved the resolution and branch support of phylogenies across an array of taxonomic ranges and extended the resolving power of ITS towards earlier nodes of phylogenetic trees. Our results reconcile previous contradicting evidence for the effects of data exclusion: in the case of more sophisticated indel placement, the exclusion of indel-rich regions from the analyses results in a loss of tree resolution, whereas in the case of simpler alignment methods, the exclusion of gapped sites improves it. Although the empirical datasets do not provide to measure alignment accuracy objectively, our results for the ITS region are consistent with previous simulations studies alignment algorithms. We suggest that sophisticated alignment algorithms and the inclusion of indels make the ITS region and potentially other rapidly evolving indel-rich loci valuable sources of phylogenetic information, which can be exploited at multiple taxonomic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- László G Nagy
- University of Szeged, Faculty of Science and Informatics, Department of Microbiology, Szeged, Hungary.
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Bereczki L, Bartha N, Kocsubé S, Sóki J, Lengyel G, Tálosi G, Máder K, Deák J, Dóczi I. Fungaemia caused byCandida pulcherrima. Med Mycol 2012; 50:522-4. [DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2011.644590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Manikandan P, Varga J, Kocsubé S, Anita R, Revathi R, Németh TM, Narendran V, Vágvölgyi C, Panneer Selvam K, Shobana CS, Babu Singh YR, Kredics L. Epidemiology of Aspergillus keratitis at a tertiary care eye hospital in South India and antifungal susceptibilities of the causative agents. Mycoses 2012; 56:26-33. [PMID: 22487304 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2012.02194.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, Aspergillus species are reported frequently as aetiological agents of fungal keratitis in tropical countries such as India. Our aim was to evaluate the epidemiological features of Aspergillus keratitis cases over a 3-year period in a tertiary eye care hospital and to determine the antifungal susceptibilities of the causative agents. This study included culture proven Aspergillus keratitis cases diagnosed between September 2005 and August 2008. Data including prevalence, predisposing factors and demography were recorded, the isolates were identified by morphological and molecular methods and the minimum inhibitory concentration values of antifungal agents towards the isolates were determined by the microdilution method. Two hundred Aspergillus isolates were identified among 1737 culture proven cases. Most of the aspergilli (75%) proved to be A. flavus, followed by A. fumigatus (11.5%). Sixteen (8%) isolates belonged to species that are recently identified causative agents of mycotic keratitis. Most of the infected patients (88%) were adults ranging from 21 to 70 years of age. Co-existing ocular disease was confirmed in 16.5% of the patients. Econazole, clotrimazole and ketoconazole were notably active against A. flavus. Aspergillus keratitis is a significant problem in patients with ocular lesions in South-Indian States, warranting early diagnosis and initiation of specific antifungal therapy to improve outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanisamy Manikandan
- Aravind Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
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Nagy LG, Házi J, Szappanos B, Kocsubé S, Bálint B, Rákhely G, Vágvölgyi C, Papp T. The evolution of defense mechanisms correlate with the explosive diversification of autodigesting Coprinellus mushrooms (Agaricales, Fungi). Syst Biol 2012; 61:595-607. [PMID: 22223448 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/sys002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bursts of diversification are known to have contributed significantly to the extant morphological and species diversity, but evidence for many of the theoretical predictions about adaptive radiations have remained contentious. Despite their tremendous diversity, patterns of evolutionary diversification and the contribution of explosive episodes in fungi are largely unknown. Here, using the genus Coprinellus (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) as a model, we report the first explosive fungal radiation and infer that the onset of the radiation correlates with a change from a multilayered to a much simpler defense structure on the fruiting bodies. We hypothesize that this change constitutes a key innovation, probably relaxing constraints on diversification imposed by nutritional investment into the development of protective tissues of fruiting bodies. Fossil calibration suggests that Coprinellus mushrooms radiated during the Miocene coinciding with global radiation of large grazing mammals following expansion of dry open grasslands. In addition to diversification rate-based methods, we test the hard polytomy hypothesis, by analyzing the resolvability of internal nodes of the backbone of the putative radiation using Reversible-Jump MCMC. We discuss potential applications and pitfalls of this approach as well as how biologically meaningful polytomies can be distinguished from alignment shortcomings. Our data provide insights into the nature of adaptive radiations in general by revealing a deceleration of morphological diversification through time. The dynamics of morphological diversification was approximated by obtaining the temporal distribution of state changes in discrete traits along the trees and comparing it with the tempo of lineage accumulation. We found that the number of state changes correlate with the number of lineages, even in parts of the tree with short internal branches, and peaks around the onset of the explosive radiation followed by a slowdown, most likely because of the decrease in available niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- László G Nagy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Kozep fasor 52., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
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Varga J, Kocsubé S, Tóth B, Bartók T. Response to letter to the editor on ‘Fumonisin contamination and fumonisin producing black Aspergilli in dried vine fruits of different origin published in International Journal of Food Microbiology, 143:143–149’. Int J Food Microbiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Abstract
Four new species, Aspergillus eucalypticola, A. neoniger, A. fijiensis and A. indologenus are described and illustrated. Aspergillus eucalypticola was isolated from Eucalyptus leaf from Australia, and is related to A. tubingensis and A. costaricaensis, but could clearly be distinguished from them based on either β-tubulin or calmodulin sequence data. Aspergillus eucalypticola produced pyranonigrin A, funalenone, aurasperone B and other naphtho-γ-pyrones. Aspergillus neoniger is also a biseriate species isolated from desert sand in Namibia, and mangrove water in Venezuela, which produces aurasperone B and pyranonigrin A. Aspergillus fijiensis is a uniseriate species related to A. aculeatinus, and was isolated from soil in Fiji, and from Lactuca sativa in Indonesia. This species is able to grow at 37 °C, and produces asperparalines and okaramins. Aspergillus indologenus was isolated from soil, India. This species also belongs to the uniseriate group of black aspergilli, and was found to be related to, but clearly distinguishable from A. uvarum based on β-tubulin, calmodulin and ITS sequence data. Aspergillus indologenus produced the insecticidal compounds okaramins A, B, H, and two types of indol-alkaloids which have not been structure elucidated. Two other species, A. violaceofuscus and A. acidus, are revalidated based on molecular and extrolite data. Aspergillus violaceofuscus was found to be related to A. japonicus, and produced some of the same interesting indol-alkaloids as A. indologenus, and also produced several families of partially characterised extrolites that were also found in A. heteromorphus. Aspergillus acidus (previously known as A. foetidus var. pallidus and A. foetidus var. acidus) is also a valid species, while A. foetidus is a synonym of A. niger based on molecular and physiological data. Two other species described previously, A. coreanus and A. lacticoffeatus, were found to be colour mutants of A. acidus and A. niger, respectively. Methods which could be used to distinguish the two closely related and economically important species A. niger and A. awamori are also detailed. Although these species differ in their occurrence and several physiological means (elastase activities, abilities to utilise 2-deoxy-D-glucose as sole carbon source), our data indicate that only molecular approaches including sequence analysis of calmodulin or β-tubulin genes, AFLP analysis, UP-PCR analysis or mtDNA RFLP analysis can be used reliably to distinguish these sibling species. Aspergillus section Nigri now includes 26 taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Varga
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
- Correspondence: János Varga,
| | - J.C. Frisvad
- Center for Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Systems Biology-DTU, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - S. Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - B. Brankovics
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - B. Tóth
- Cereal Research Non-Profit Ltd., H-6726 Szeged, Alsókikötő sor 9, Hungary
| | - G. Szigeti
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - R.A. Samson
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Szigeti G, Sedaghati E, Mahmoudabadi AZ, Naseri A, Kocsubé S, Vágvölgyi C, Varga J. Species assignment and antifungal susceptibilities of black aspergilli recovered from otomycosis cases in Iran. Mycoses 2011; 55:333-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2011.02103.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sedaghati E, Nikkhah M, Zare R, Fotuhifar K, Kocsubé S, Vágvölgyi C, Varga J. Molecular identification of potentialy mycotoxigenic black Aspergili contaminating pistachio nuts in Iran. Acta Alimentaria 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.40.2011.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Naeimi S, Kocsubé S, Antal Z, Okhovvat SM, Javan-Nikkhah M, Vágvölgyi C, Kredics L. Strain-specific SCAR markers for the detection of Trichoderma harzianum AS12-2, a biological control agent against Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of rice sheath blight. Acta Biol Hung 2011; 62:73-84. [PMID: 21388921 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.61.2011.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In order to identify a specific marker for T. harzianum AS12-2, a strain capable of controlling rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani, UP-PCR was performed using five universal primers (UP) both separately and in pairwise combinations. The application of two UP primers resulted in the amplification of unique fragments from the genomic DNA of T. harzianum AS12-2, clearly distinguishing it from other Trichoderma strains. The unique fragments had no significant sequence homology with any other known sequence available in databases. Based on the sequences of the unique fragments, 14 oligonucleotide primers were designed. Two primer sets amplified a fragment of expected size from the DNA of strain T. harzianum AS12-2 but not from any other examined strains belonging to T. harzianum, to other Trichoderma species assayed, or to other common fungi present in paddy fields of Mazandaran province, Iran. In conclusion, SCAR (sequence characterized amplified regions) markers were successfully identified and rapid, reliable tools were provided for the detection of an effective biocontrol Trichoderma strain, which can facilitate studies of its population dynamics and establishment after release into the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Naeimi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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