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Lukova P, Katsarov P. Contemporary Aspects of Designing Marine Polysaccharide Microparticles as Drug Carriers for Biomedical Application. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2126. [PMID: 37631340 PMCID: PMC10458623 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The main goal of modern pharmaceutical technology is to create new drug formulations that are safer and more effective. These formulations should allow targeted drug delivery, improved drug stability and bioavailability, fewer side effects, and reduced drug toxicity. One successful approach for achieving these objectives is using polymer microcarriers for drug delivery. They are effective for treating various diseases through different administration routes. When creating pharmaceutical systems, choosing the right drug carrier is crucial. Biomaterials have become increasingly popular over the past few decades due to their lack of toxicity, renewable sources, and affordability. Marine polysaccharides, in particular, have been widely used as substitutes for synthetic polymers in drug carrier applications. Their inherent properties, such as biodegradability and biocompatibility, make marine polysaccharide-based microcarriers a prospective platform for developing drug delivery systems. This review paper explores the principles of microparticle design using marine polysaccharides as drug carriers. By reviewing the current literature, the paper highlights the challenges of formulating polymer microparticles, and proposes various technological solutions. It also outlines future perspectives for developing marine polysaccharides as drug microcarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolina Lukova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Plamen Katsarov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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2
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Haggag YA, Abd Elrahman AA, Ulber R, Zayed A. Fucoidan in Pharmaceutical Formulations: A Comprehensive Review for Smart Drug Delivery Systems. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020112. [PMID: 36827153 PMCID: PMC9965894 DOI: 10.3390/md21020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan is a heterogeneous group of polysaccharides isolated from marine organisms, including brown algae and marine invertebrates. The physicochemical characteristics and potential bioactivities of fucoidan have attracted substantial interest in pharmaceutical industries in the past few decades. These polysaccharides are characterized by possessing sulfate ester groups that impart negatively charged surfaces, low/high molecular weight, and water solubility. In addition, various promising bioactivities have been reported, such as antitumor, immunomodulatory, and antiviral effects. Hence, the formulation of fucoidan has been investigated in the past few years in diverse pharmaceutical dosage forms to be able to reach their site of action effectively. Moreover, they can act as carriers for various drugs in value-added drug delivery systems. The current work highlights the attractive biopharmaceutical properties of fucoidan being formulated in oral, inhalable, topical, injectable, and other advanced formulations treating life-quality-affecting diseases. Therefore, the present work points out the current status of fucoidan pharmaceutical formulations for future research transferring their application from in vitro and in vivo studies to clinical application and market availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf A. Haggag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, El-Geish Street, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Abeer A. Abd Elrahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, El-Geish Street, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Roland Ulber
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Street 49, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ahmed Zayed
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Street 49, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, El-Guish Street, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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3
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Reys LL, Silva SS, Soares da Costa D, Reis RL, Silva TH. Fucoidan-based hydrogels particles as versatile carriers for diabetes treatment strategies. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2022; 33:1939-1954. [PMID: 35699411 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2088533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is a current lack of fully efficient therapies for diabetes mellitus, a chronic disease where the metabolism of blood glucose is severely hindered by a deficit in insulin or cell resistance to this hormone. Therefore, it is crucial to develop new therapeutic strategies to treat this disease, including devices for the controlled delivery of insulin or encapsulation of insulin-producing cells. In this work, fucoidan (Fu) - a marine sulfated polysaccharide exhibiting relevant properties on reducing blood glucose and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects - was used for the development of versatile carriers envisaging diabetes advanced therapies. Fu was functionalized by methacrylation (MFu) using 8% and 12% (v/v) of methacrylic anhydride and further photocrosslinked using visible light in the presence of triethanolamine and eosin-y to produce hydrogel particles. Degree of methacrylation varied between 2.78 and 6.50, as determined by 1HNMR, and the produced particles have an average diameter ranging from 0.63 to 1.3 mm (dry state). Insulin (5%) was added to MFu solution to produce drug-loaded particles and the release profile was assessed in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) for 24 h. Insulin was released in a sustained manner during the initial 8 h, reaching then a plateau, higher in PBS than in SIF, indicating that lower pH favors drug liberation. Moreover, the ability of MFu particles to serve as templates for the culture of human pancreatic cells was assessed using 1.1B4 cell line during up to 7 days. During the culture period studied, pancreatic beta cells were proliferating, with a global viability over 80% and tend to form pseudo-islets, thus suggesting that the proposed biomaterial could be a good candidate as versatile carrier for diabetes treatment as they sustain the release of insulin and support pancreatic beta cells viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara L Reys
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Simone S Silva
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Diana Soares da Costa
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Tiago H Silva
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
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Iqbal MW, Riaz T, Mahmood S, Bilal M, Manzoor MF, Qamar SA, Qi X. Fucoidan-based nanomaterial and its multifunctional role for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:354-380. [PMID: 35930305 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2106182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidans are promising sulfated polysaccharides isolated from marine sources that have piqued the interest of scientists in recent years due to their widespread use as a bioactive substance. Bioactive coatings and films, unsurprisingly, have seized these substances to create novel, culinary, therapeutic, and diagnostic bioactive nanomaterials. The applications of fucoidan and its composite nanomaterials have a wide variety of food as well as pharmacological properties, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-thrombic, anti-coagulant, immunoregulatory, and anti-viral properties. Blends of fucoidan with other biopolymers such as chitosan, alginate, curdlan, starch, etc., have shown promising coating and film-forming capabilities. A blending of biopolymers is a recommended approach to improve their anticipated properties. This review focuses on the fundamental knowledge and current development of fucoidan, fucoidan-based composite material for bioactive coatings and films, and their biological properties. In this article, fucoidan-based edible bioactive coatings and films expressed excellent mechanical strength that can prolong the shelf-life of food products and maintain their biodegradability. Additionally, these coatings and films showed numerous applications in the biomedical field and contribute to the economy. We hope this review can deliver the theoretical basis for the development of fucoidan-based bioactive material and films.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tahreem Riaz
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shahid Mahmood
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | | | - Sarmad Ahmad Qamar
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xianghui Qi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Seaweed Phenolics as Natural Antioxidants, Aquafeed Additives, Veterinary Treatments and Cross-Linkers for Microencapsulation. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20070445. [PMID: 35877738 PMCID: PMC9319038 DOI: 10.3390/md20070445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Driven by consumer demand and government policies, synthetic additives in aquafeed require substitution with sustainable and natural alternatives. Seaweeds have been shown to be a sustainable marine source of novel bioactive phenolic compounds that can be used in food, animal and aqua feeds, or microencapsulation applications. For example, phlorotannins are a structurally unique polymeric phenolic group exclusively found in brown seaweed that act through multiple antioxidant mechanisms. Seaweed phenolics show high affinities for binding proteins via covalent and non-covalent bonds and can have specific bioactivities due to their structures and associated physicochemical properties. Their ability to act as protein cross-linkers means they can be used to enhance the rheological and mechanical properties of food-grade delivery systems, such as microencapsulation, which is a new area of investigation illustrating the versatility of seaweed phenolics. Here we review how seaweed phenolics can be used in a range of applications, with reference to their bioactivity and structural properties.
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Atmaca H, Oguz F, Ilhan S. Drug delivery systems for cancer treatment: a review of marine-derived polysaccharides. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1031-1045. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220211153931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation and the spread of cells to other tissues and remains one of the worldwide problems waiting to be solved. There are various treatment strategies for cancer, such as chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, although it varies according to its type and stage. Many chemotherapeutic agents have limited clinical use due to lack of efficacy, off-target toxicity, metabolic instability, or poor pharmacokinetics. One possible solution to this high rate of clinical failure is to design drug delivery systems that deliver drugs in a controlled and specific manner and are not toxic to normal cells.
Marine systems contain biodiversity, including components and materials that can be used in biomedical applications and therapy. Biomaterials such as chitin, chitosan, alginate, carrageenan, fucoidan, hyaluronan, agarose, and ulvan obtained from marine organisms have found use in DDSs today. These polysaccharides are biocompatible, non-toxic, biodegradable, and cost-effective, making them ideal raw materials for increasingly complex DDSs with a potentially regulated release. In this review, the contributions of polysaccharides from the marine environment to the development of anticancer drugs in DDSs will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harika Atmaca
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Muradiye, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Ferdi Oguz
- Department of Biology, The Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Muradiye, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Ilhan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Muradiye, Manisa, Turkey
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7
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Hwang J, Yadav D, Lee PC, Jin JO. Immunomodulatory effects of polysaccharides from marine algae for treating cancer, infectious disease, and inflammation. Phytother Res 2021; 36:761-777. [PMID: 34962325 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A significant rise in the occurrence and severity of adverse reactions to several synthetic drugs has fueled considerable interest in natural product-based therapeutics. In humans and animals, polysaccharides from marine microalgae and seaweeds have immunomodulatory effects. In addition, these polysaccharides may possess antiviral, anticancer, hypoglycemic, anticoagulant, and antioxidant properties. During inflammatory diseases, such as autoimmune diseases and sepsis, immunosuppressive molecules can serve as therapeutic agents. Similarly, molecules that participate in immune activation can induce immune responses against cancer and infectious diseases. We aim to discuss the chemical composition of the algal polysaccharides, namely alginate, fucoidan, ascophyllan, and porphyran. We also summarize their applications in the treatment of cancer, infectious disease, and inflammation. Recent applications of nanoparticles that are based on algal polysaccharides for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases have also been addressed. In conclusion, these applications of marine algal polysaccharides could provide novel therapeutic alternatives for several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyoung Hwang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter Cw Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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8
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Polysaccharide-Based Micro- and Nanosized Drug Delivery Systems for Potential Application in the Pediatric Dentistry. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193342. [PMID: 34641160 PMCID: PMC8512615 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The intensive development of micro- and nanotechnologies in recent years has offered a wide horizon of new possibilities for drug delivery in dentistry. The use of polymeric drug carriers turned out to be a very successful technique for formulating micro- and nanoparticles with controlled or targeted drug release in the oral cavity. Such innovative strategies have the potential to provide an improved therapeutic approach to prevention and treatment of various oral diseases not only for adults, but also in the pediatric dental practice. Due to their biocompatibility, biotolerance and biodegradability, naturally occurring polysaccharides like chitosan, alginate, pectin, dextran, starch, etc., are among the most preferred materials for preparation of micro- and nano-devices for drug delivery, offering simple particle-forming characteristics and easily tunable properties of the formulated structures. Their low immunogenicity and low toxicity provide an advantage over most synthetic polymers for the development of pediatric formulations. This review is focused on micro- and nanoscale polysaccharide biomaterials as dental drug carriers, with an emphasis on their potential application in pediatric dentistry.
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9
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Fucoidan-Doxorubicin Nanoparticles Targeting P-Selectin for Effective Breast Cancer Therapy. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 249:116837. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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10
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Krylova NV, Ermakova SP, Lavrov VF, Leneva IA, Kompanets GG, Iunikhina OV, Nosik MN, Ebralidze LK, Falynskova IN, Silchenko AS, Zaporozhets TS. The Comparative Analysis of Antiviral Activity of Native and Modified Fucoidans from Brown Algae Fucus evanescens In Vitro and In Vivo. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E224. [PMID: 32331442 PMCID: PMC7230360 DOI: 10.3390/md18040224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzymatic depolymerization of fucoidans from brown algae allowed the production of their standardized derivatives with different biological activities. This work aimed to compare the antiviral activities of native (FeF) and modified with enzyme (FeHMP) fucoidans from F. evanescens. The cytotoxicity and antiviral activities of the FeF and FeHMP against herpes viruses (HSV-1, HSV-2), enterovirus (ECHO-1), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) in Vero and human MT-4 cell lines were examined by methylthiazolyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction assays, respectively. The efficacy of fucoidans in vivo was evaluated in the outbred mice model of vaginitis caused by HSV-2. We have shown that both FeF and FeHMP significantly inhibited virus-induced CPE in vitro and were more effective against HSV. FeF exhibited antiviral activity against HSV-2 with a selective index (SI) > 40, and FeHMP with SI ˃ 20, when they were added before virus infection or at the early stages of the HSV-2 lifecycle. Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that after intraperitoneal administration (10 mg/kg), both FeF and FeHMP protected mice from lethal intravaginal HSV-2 infection to approximately the same degree (44-56%). Thus, FeF and FeHMP have comparable potency against several DNA and RNA viruses, allowing us to consider the studied fucoidans as promising broad-spectrum antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya V. Krylova
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (G.G.K.); (O.V.I.); (T.S.Z.)
| | - Svetlana P. Ermakova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (S.P.E.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Vyacheslav F. Lavrov
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (V.F.L.); (I.A.L.); (M.N.N.); (L.K.E.); (I.N.F.)
| | - Irina A. Leneva
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (V.F.L.); (I.A.L.); (M.N.N.); (L.K.E.); (I.N.F.)
| | - Galina G. Kompanets
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (G.G.K.); (O.V.I.); (T.S.Z.)
| | - Olga V. Iunikhina
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (G.G.K.); (O.V.I.); (T.S.Z.)
| | - Marina N. Nosik
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (V.F.L.); (I.A.L.); (M.N.N.); (L.K.E.); (I.N.F.)
| | - Linna K. Ebralidze
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (V.F.L.); (I.A.L.); (M.N.N.); (L.K.E.); (I.N.F.)
| | - Irina N. Falynskova
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (V.F.L.); (I.A.L.); (M.N.N.); (L.K.E.); (I.N.F.)
| | - Artem S. Silchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (S.P.E.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Tatyana S. Zaporozhets
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (G.G.K.); (O.V.I.); (T.S.Z.)
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Nunes C, Coimbra MA. The Potential of Fucose-Containing Sulfated Polysaccharides As Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:6399-6411. [PMID: 30543164 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666181213093718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Marine environments have a high quantity and diversity of sulfated polysaccharides. In coastal regions brown algae are the most abundant biomass producers and their cell walls have fucosecontaining sulfated polysaccharides (FCSP), known as fucans and/or fucoidans. These sulfated compounds have been widely researched for their biomedical properties, namely the immunomodulatory, haemostasis, pathogen inhibition, anti-inflammatory capacity, and antitumoral. These activities are probably due to their ability to mimic the carbohydrate moieties of mammalian glycosaminoglycans. Therefore, the FCSP are interesting compounds for application in health-related subjects, mainly for developing scaffolds for delivery systems or tissue regeneration. FCSP showed potential for these applications also due to their ability to form stable 3D structures with other polymers able to entrap therapeutic agents or cell and growth factors, besides their biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, for the clinical use of these biopolymers well-defined reproducible molecules are required in order to accurately establish relationships between structural features and human health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Nunes
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.,QOPNA/LAQVREQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Manuel A Coimbra
- QOPNA/LAQVREQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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12
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Suprunchuk VE. Low-molecular-weight fucoidan: Chemical modification, synthesis of its oligomeric fragments and mimetics. Carbohydr Res 2019; 485:107806. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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13
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Citkowska A, Szekalska M, Winnicka K. Possibilities of Fucoidan Utilization in the Development of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E458. [PMID: 31387230 PMCID: PMC6722496 DOI: 10.3390/md17080458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan is a polysaccharide built from L-fucose molecules. The main source of this polysaccharide is the extracellular matrix of brown seaweed (Phaeophyta), but it can be also isolated from invertebrates such as sea urchins (Echinoidea) and sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea). Interest in fucoidan is related to its broad biological activity, including possible antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiviral or antithrombotic effects. The potential application of fucoidan in the pharmaceutical technology is also due to its ionic nature. The negative charge of the molecule results from the presence of sulfate residues in the C-2 and C-4 positions, occasionally in C-3, allowing the formation of complexes with other oppositely charged molecules. Fucoidan is non-toxic, biodegradable and biocompatible compound approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) category as food ingredient. Fucoidan plays an important role in the pharmaceutical technology, so in this work aspects concerning its pharmaceutical characteristics and designing of various dosage forms (nanoparticles, liposomes, microparticles, and semisolid formulations) with fucoidan itself and with its combinations with other polymers or components that give a positive charge were reviewed. Advantages and limitations of fucoidan utilization in the pharmaceutical technology were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Citkowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Marta Szekalska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Winnicka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland.
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14
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Cunha L, Rosa da Costa AM, Lourenço JP, Buttini F, Grenha A. Spray-dried fucoidan microparticles for pulmonary delivery of antitubercular drugs. J Microencapsul 2018; 35:392-405. [PMID: 30112917 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2018.1513089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary tuberculosis accounts for 80% of cases and the delivery of antitubercular drugs into the lungs allows targeting the infected organ and, possibly, reducing systemic drug toxicity. This work aimed at using fucoidan as matrix of inhalable microparticles that associate two first-line antitubercular drugs, for an application in pulmonary tuberculosis therapy. Fucoidan is composed of fucose and sulphated sugar residues, moieties described as being recognised by surface receptors of alveolar macrophages, which host mycobacteria. Inhalable fucoidan microparticles loaded with antitubercular drugs were successfully produced with high association efficiencies of either isoniazid (95%) or rifabutin (81%). The microparticles evidenced no cytotoxicity on lung epithelial cells (A549). However, rifabutin-loaded microparticles showed a certain degree of toxicity on macrophage-like cells (THP-1) at the highest tested concentration (1 mg/mL). Furthermore, microparticles showed favourable aerodynamic properties for deep lung delivery (MMAD 2.0-3.8 µm) and, thus, show potential for an application as inhalable tuberculosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmylla Cunha
- a Centre for Biomedical Research , University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal.,b Centre for Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology , University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal
| | - Ana M Rosa da Costa
- c Chemistry Research Centre and Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal
| | - João P Lourenço
- c Chemistry Research Centre and Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal.,d Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Instituto Superior Técnico , University of Lisbon , Lisbon , Portugal
| | | | - Ana Grenha
- a Centre for Biomedical Research , University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal.,b Centre for Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology , University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal
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Goonoo N, Bhaw-Luximon A, Passanha P, Esteves S, Schönherr H, Jhurry D. Biomineralization potential and cellular response of PHB and PHBV blends with natural anionic polysaccharides. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 76:13-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.02.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Chollet L, Saboural P, Chauvierre C, Villemin JN, Letourneur D, Chaubet F. Fucoidans in Nanomedicine. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:E145. [PMID: 27483292 PMCID: PMC4999906 DOI: 10.3390/md14080145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidans are widespread cost-effective sulfated marine polysaccharides which have raised interest in the scientific community over last decades for their wide spectrum of bioactivities. Unsurprisingly, nanomedicine has grasped these compounds to develop innovative therapeutic and diagnostic nanosystems. The applications of fucoidans in nanomedicine as imaging agents, drug carriers or for their intrinsic properties are reviewed here after a short presentation of the main structural data and biological properties of fucoidans. The origin and the physicochemical specifications of fucoidans are summarized in order to discuss the strategy of fucoidan-containing nanosystems in Human health. Currently, there is a need for reproducible, well characterized fucoidan fractions to ensure significant progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Chollet
- Inserm, U1148, LVTS, University Paris Diderot, X Bichat Hospital, F-75877 Paris, France.
- Galilée Institute, University Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France.
- Algues & Mer, Kernigou, F-29242 Ouessant, France.
| | - Pierre Saboural
- Inserm, U1148, LVTS, University Paris Diderot, X Bichat Hospital, F-75877 Paris, France.
- Galilée Institute, University Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France.
| | - Cédric Chauvierre
- Inserm, U1148, LVTS, University Paris Diderot, X Bichat Hospital, F-75877 Paris, France.
- Galilée Institute, University Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France.
| | | | - Didier Letourneur
- Inserm, U1148, LVTS, University Paris Diderot, X Bichat Hospital, F-75877 Paris, France.
- Galilée Institute, University Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France.
| | - Frédéric Chaubet
- Inserm, U1148, LVTS, University Paris Diderot, X Bichat Hospital, F-75877 Paris, France.
- Galilée Institute, University Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France.
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Reys LL, Silva SS, Soares da Costa D, Oliveira NM, Mano JF, Reis RL, Silva TH. Fucoidan Hydrogels Photo-Cross-Linked with Visible Radiation As Matrices for Cell Culture. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:1151-1161. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara L. Reys
- 3B’s
Research Group − Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark- Parque de Ciência
e Tecnologia, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s−PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Simone S. Silva
- 3B’s
Research Group − Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark- Parque de Ciência
e Tecnologia, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s−PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Diana Soares da Costa
- 3B’s
Research Group − Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark- Parque de Ciência
e Tecnologia, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s−PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno M. Oliveira
- 3B’s
Research Group − Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark- Parque de Ciência
e Tecnologia, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s−PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João F. Mano
- 3B’s
Research Group − Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark- Parque de Ciência
e Tecnologia, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s−PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s
Research Group − Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark- Parque de Ciência
e Tecnologia, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s−PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Tiago H. Silva
- 3B’s
Research Group − Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark- Parque de Ciência
e Tecnologia, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s−PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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18
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Cunha L, Grenha A. Sulfated Seaweed Polysaccharides as Multifunctional Materials in Drug Delivery Applications. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:E42. [PMID: 26927134 PMCID: PMC4820297 DOI: 10.3390/md14030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the discovery of metabolites from marine resources showing biological activity has increased significantly. Among marine resources, seaweed is a valuable source of structurally diverse bioactive compounds. The cell walls of marine algae are rich in sulfated polysaccharides, including carrageenan in red algae, ulvan in green algae and fucoidan in brown algae. Sulfated polysaccharides have been increasingly studied over the years in the pharmaceutical field, given their potential usefulness in applications such as the design of drug delivery systems. The purpose of this review is to discuss potential applications of these polymers in drug delivery systems, with a focus on carrageenan, ulvan and fucoidan. General information regarding structure, extraction process and physicochemical properties is presented, along with a brief reference to reported biological activities. For each material, specific applications under the scope of drug delivery are described, addressing in privileged manner particulate carriers, as well as hydrogels and beads. A final section approaches the application of sulfated polysaccharides in targeted drug delivery, focusing with particular interest the capacity for macrophage targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmylla Cunha
- Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - Ana Grenha
- Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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19
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Cardoso MJ, Costa RR, Mano JF. Marine Origin Polysaccharides in Drug Delivery Systems. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:E34. [PMID: 26861358 PMCID: PMC4771987 DOI: 10.3390/md14020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oceans are a vast source of natural substances. In them, we find various compounds with wide biotechnological and biomedical applicabilities. The exploitation of the sea as a renewable source of biocompounds can have a positive impact on the development of new systems and devices for biomedical applications. Marine polysaccharides are among the most abundant materials in the seas, which contributes to a decrease of the extraction costs, besides their solubility behavior in aqueous solvents and extraction media, and their interaction with other biocompounds. Polysaccharides such as alginate, carrageenan and fucoidan can be extracted from algae, whereas chitosan and hyaluronan can be obtained from animal sources. Most marine polysaccharides have important biological properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and anti-inflammatory activity, as well as adhesive and antimicrobial actions. Moreover, they can be modified in order to allow processing them into various shapes and sizes and may exhibit response dependence to external stimuli, such as pH and temperature. Due to these properties, these biomaterials have been studied as raw material for the construction of carrier devices for drugs, including particles, capsules and hydrogels. The devices are designed to achieve a controlled release of therapeutic agents in an attempt to fight against serious diseases, and to be used in advanced therapies, such as gene delivery or regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias J Cardoso
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark-Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Rui R Costa
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark-Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - João F Mano
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark-Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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20
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Sezer AD, Kazak Sarılmışer H, Rayaman E, Çevikbaş A, Öner ET, Akbuğa J. Development and characterization of vancomycin-loaded levan-based microparticular system for drug delivery. Pharm Dev Technol 2015; 22:627-634. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2015.1116564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Demir Sezer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydarpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey,
| | - Hande Kazak Sarılmışer
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Göztepe, Istanbul, Turkey, and
| | - Erkan Rayaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydarpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adile Çevikbaş
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydarpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Toksoy Öner
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Göztepe, Istanbul, Turkey, and
| | - Jülide Akbuğa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydarpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey,
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21
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Preparing, characterizing, and evaluating chitosan/fucoidan nanoparticles as oral delivery carriers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-014-0415-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Silva TH, Alves A, Popa EG, Reys LL, Gomes ME, Sousa RA, Silva SS, Mano JF, Reis RL. Marine algae sulfated polysaccharides for tissue engineering and drug delivery approaches. BIOMATTER 2012; 2:278-89. [PMID: 23507892 PMCID: PMC3568112 DOI: 10.4161/biom.22947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical field is constantly requesting for new biomaterials, with innovative properties. Natural polymers appear as materials of election for this goal due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. In particular, materials found in marine environment are of great interest since the chemical and biological diversity found in this environment is almost uncountable and continuously growing with the research in deeper waters. Moreover, there is also a slower risk of these materials to pose illnesses to humans. In particular, sulfated polysaccharides can be found in marine environment, in different algae species. These polysaccharides don't have equivalent in the terrestrial plants and resembles the chemical and biological properties of mammalian glycosaminoglycans. In this perspective, are receiving growing interest for application on health-related fields. On this review, we will focus on the biomedical applications of marine algae sulfated polymers, in particular on the development of innovative systems for tissue engineering and drug delivery approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago H Silva
- 3B's Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal.
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23
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Laroui H, Sitaraman SV, Merlin D. Gastrointestinal Delivery of Anti-inflammatory Nanoparticles. Methods Enzymol 2012; 509:101-25. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-391858-1.00006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Khil’chenko SR, Zaporozhets TS, Shevchenko NM, Zvyagintseva TN, Vogel U, Seeberger P, Lepenies B. Immunostimulatory Activity of Fucoidan from the Brown AlgaFucus evanescens: Role of Sulfates and Acetates. J Carbohydr Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2011.604456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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25
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Sezer AD, Kazak H, Öner ET, Akbuğa J. Levan-based nanocarrier system for peptide and protein drug delivery: Optimization and influence of experimental parameters on the nanoparticle characteristics. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Fucoidan: A Versatile Biopolymer for Biomedical Applications. ACTIVE IMPLANTS AND SCAFFOLDS FOR TISSUE REGENERATION 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/8415_2011_67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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27
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Carlsson N, Borde A, Wölfel S, Kerman B, Larsson A. Quantification of protein concentration by the Bradford method in the presence of pharmaceutical polymers. Anal Biochem 2010; 411:116-21. [PMID: 21184728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated how the Bradford assay for measurements of protein released from a drug formulation may be affected by a concomitant release of a pharmaceutical polymer used to formulate the protein delivery device. The main result is that polymer-caused perturbations of the Coomassie dye absorbance at the Bradford monitoring wavelength (595nm) can be identified and corrected by recording absorption spectra in the region of 350-850mm. The pharmaceutical polymers Carbopol and chitosan illustrate two potential types of perturbations in the Bradford assay, whereas the third polymer, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), acts as a nonperturbing control. Carbopol increases the apparent absorbance at 595nm because the polymer aggregates at the low pH of the Bradford protocol, causing a turbidity contribution that can be corrected quantitatively at 595nm by measuring the sample absorbance at 850nm outside the dye absorption band. Chitosan is a cationic polymer under Bradford conditions and interacts directly with the anionic Coomassie dye and perturbs its absorption spectrum, including 595nm. In this case, the Bradford method remains useful if the polymer concentration is known but should be used with caution in release studies where the polymer concentration may vary and needs to be measured independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Carlsson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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28
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Sezer AD, Akbuğa J. The design of biodegradable ofloxacin-based core-shell microspheres: Influence of the formulation parameters on in vitro characterization. Pharm Dev Technol 2010; 17:118-24. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2010.529145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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29
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Tavera EM, Kadali SB, Bagaria HG, Liu AW, Wong MS. Experimental and modeling analysis of diffusive release from single-shell microcapsules. AIChE J 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.11914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Sezer AD, Akbuğa J. Comparison on in vitro characterization of fucospheres and chitosan microspheres encapsulated plasmid DNA (pGM-CSF): formulation design and release characteristics. AAPS PharmSciTech 2009; 10:1193-9. [PMID: 19859814 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-009-9324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a cytokine used in the treatment of serious conditions resulting from chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation such as neutropenia and aplastic anemia. Despite these effects, GM-CSF has a very short biological half-life, and it requires frequent injection during the treatment. Therefore, the cytokine production is possible in the body with plasmid-encoded GM-CSF (pGM-CSF) coding for cytokine administered to the body. However, the selection of the proper delivery system for the plasmid is important. In this study, two different delivery systems, encapsulated plasmid such as fucoidan-chitosan (fucosphere) and chitosan microspheres, were prepared and the particle physicochemical properties evaluated. Fucospheres and chitosan microspheres size ranges are 151-401 and 376-681 nm. The zeta potential values of the microspheres were changed between 8.3-17.1 mV (fucosphere) and +21.9-28.9 mV (chitosan microspheres). The encapsulation capacity of fucospheres changed between 84.2% and 94.7% depending on the chitosan molecular weight used in the formulation. In vitro plasmid DNA release from both delivery systems exhibited slower profiles of approximately 90-140 days. Integrity of released samples was checked by agarose gel electrophoresis, and any additional band was not seen. All formulations were analyzed kinetically. The calculated regression coefficients showed a higher r2 value with zero-order kinetics. In conclusion, the characterizations of the microspheres can be modulated by changing the formulation variables, and it can be concluded that fucospheres might be a potential carrier system for the controlled delivery of GM-CSF encoding plasmid DNA.
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The use of fucosphere in the treatment of dermal burns in rabbits. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2007; 69:189-98. [PMID: 17951036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2007] [Revised: 09/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to prepare a new microsphere (fucosphere) system based on polyion complexation of fucoidan with chitosan, and to evaluate its treatment efficiency on dermal burns. The physicochemical properties such as mean particle size and distribution, zeta potential and bioadhesive properties of the microspheres were investigated. The formulation which had the high surface charge, narrow size distribution and the highest bioadhesive property was selected and applied on seven male New Zealand white rabbits with dermal burns. Biopsy samples were taken on day 7, 14 and 21. Each burn site was evaluated macroscopically and histopathologically and the findings were compared with controls of fucoidan solution and chitosan microspheres. The microspheres between the size ranges of 367 and 1017 nm were obtained. The work of bioadhesion of microspheres, with the surface charges +6.1 to +26.3 mV, changed between 0.081 and 0.191 mJ cm(-2). Macroscopically and histopathological observations indicated that the fastest healing of the burns was obtained in group treated with fucosphere after 21 days of treatment (P<0.05). Rete peg formation values and nuclear organize regions (NORs) were higher with treated fucospheres than the other groups on day 14. In conclusion, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of fucospheres indicated that the new microsphere system shortened the treatment period of burns and provided fast and effective healing by improving regeneration and re-epithelization. Hence fucosphere may find application in the treatment of dermal burns.
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