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Tornacı S, Erginer M, Gökalsın B, Aysan A, Çetin M, Sadauki M, Fındıklı N, Genç S, Sesal C, Toksoy Öner E. Investigating the cryoprotective efficacy of fructans in mammalian cell systems via a structure-functional perspective. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 328:121704. [PMID: 38220340 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Fructans have long been known with their role in protecting organisms against various stress factors due to their ability to induce controlled dehydration and support membrane stability. Considering the vital importance of such features in cryo-technologies, this study aimed to explore the cryoprotective efficacy of fructans in mammalian cell systems where structurally different fructan polymers were examined on in vitro cell models derived from organs such as the liver, frequently used in transplantation, osteoblast, and cord cells, commonly employed in cell banking, as well as human seminal fluids that are of vital importance in assisted reproductive technology. To gain insights into the fructan/membrane interplay, structural differences were linked to rheological properties as well as to lipid membrane interactions where both fluorescein leakage from unilamellar liposomes and membrane integrity of osteoblast cells were monitored. High survival rates obtained with human endothelial, osteoblast and liver cells for up to two months clearly showed that fructans could be considered as effective non-permeating cryoprotectants, especially for extended periods of cryopreservation. In trials with human seminal fluid, short chained levan in combination with human serum albumin and glycerol proved very effective in preserving semen samples across multiple patients without any morphological abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selay Tornacı
- IBSB-Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Erginer
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Institute of Nanotechnology and Biotechnology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Barış Gökalsın
- Marmara University, Department of Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arzu Aysan
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Metin Çetin
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mubarak Sadauki
- IBSB-Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Necati Fındıklı
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey; Bahceci Health Group, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seval Genç
- Marmara University, Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cenk Sesal
- Marmara University, Department of Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Toksoy Öner
- IBSB-Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Peled E, Tornaci S, Zlotver I, Dubnika A, Toksoy Öner E, Sosnik A. First transcriptomic insight into the reprogramming of human macrophages by levan-type fructans. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 320:121203. [PMID: 37659791 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Based on stimuli in the biological milieu, macrophages can undergo classical activation into the M1 pro-inflammatory (anti-cancer) phenotype or to the alternatively activated M2 anti-inflammatory one. Drug-free biomaterials have emerged as a new therapeutic strategy to modulate macrophage phenotype. Among them, polysaccharides polarize macrophages to M1 or M2 phenotypes based on the surface receptors they bind. Levan, a fructan, has been proposed as a novel biomaterial though its interaction with macrophages has been scarcely explored. In this study, we investigate the interaction of non-hydrolyzed and hydrolyzed Halomonas levan and its sulfated derivative with human macrophages in vitro. Viability studies show that these levans are cell compatible. In addition, RNA-sequencing analysis reveals the upregulation of pro-inflammatory pathways. These results are in good agreement with real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction that indicates higher expression levels of C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8 and interleukin-6 genes and the M2-to-M1 reprogramming of these cells upon levan treatment. Finally, cytokine release studies confirm that hydrolyzed levans increase the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reprogram IL-4-polarized macrophages to the M1 state. Overall findings indicate that Halomonas levans trigger a classical macrophage activation and pave the way for their application in therapeutic interventions requiring a pro-inflammatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Peled
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Selay Tornaci
- IBSB, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ivan Zlotver
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Arita Dubnika
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia; Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ebru Toksoy Öner
- IBSB, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alejandro Sosnik
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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Hasköylü ME, Gökalsin B, Tornaci S, Sesal C, Öner ET. Exploring the potential of Halomonas levan and its derivatives as active ingredients in cosmeceutical and skin regenerating formulations. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124418. [PMID: 37080400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Demand on natural products that contain biological ingredients mimicking growth factors and cytokines made natural polysaccharides popular in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Levan is the β-(2-6) linked, nontoxic, biocompatible, water-soluble, film former fructan polymer that has diverse applications in pharmacy and cosmeceutical industries with its moisturizing, whitening, anti-irritant, anti-aging and slimming activities. Driven by the limited reports on few structurally similar levan polymers, this study presents the first systematic investigation on the effects of structurally different extremophilic Halomonas levan polysaccharides on human skin epidermis cells. In-vitro experiments with microbially produced linear Halomonas levan (HL), its hydrolyzed, (hHL) and sulfonated (ShHL) derivatives as well as enzymatically produced branched levan (EL) revealed increased keratinocyte and fibroblast proliferation (113-118 %), improved skin barrier function through induced expressions of involucrin (2.0 and 6.43 fold changes for HL and EL) and filaggrin (1.74 and 3.89 fold changes for hHL and ShHL) genes and increased type I collagen (2.63 for ShHL) and hyaluronan synthase 3 (1.41 for HL) gene expressions together with fast wound healing ability within 24 h (100 %, HL) on 2D wound models clearly showed that HL and its derivatives have high potential to be used as natural active ingredients in cosmeceutical and skin regenerating formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Erginer Hasköylü
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Institute of Nanotechnology and Biotechnology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Barış Gökalsin
- Marmara University, Department of Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selay Tornaci
- IBSB, Marmara University, Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cenk Sesal
- Marmara University, Department of Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Toksoy Öner
- IBSB, Marmara University, Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul, Turkey
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Erkorkmaz BA, Kırtel O, Abaramak G, Nikerel E, Öner ET. UV and Chemically Induced Halomonas smyrnensis Mutants for Enhanced Levan Productivity. J Biotechnol 2022; 356:19-29. [PMID: 35914617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Halomonas smyrnensis AAD6T is a moderately halophilic bacterium proven to be a powerful biotechnological tool with its ability to accumulate valuable biopolymers such as levan and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). Levan is a fructose homopolymer with β-2,6 fructofuranosidic linkages on the polymer backbone, and its distinctive applications in various industries such as food, pharmaceutical, medical, and chemical have been well-defined. On the other hand, PHB is a promising raw material to produce biodegradable plastics. Although it was shown in our previous studies that H. smyrnensis AAD6T exhibits one of the highest conversion yields of sucrose to levan reported to date, novel strategies are required to overcome high costs of levan production. In this study, we aimed at increasing levan productivity of H. smyrnensis AAD6T cultures using random mutagenesis techniques combined (i.e., ethyl methanesulfate treatment and/or ultraviolet irradiation). After several consecutive treatments, mutant strains BAE2, BAE5 and BAE6 were selected as efficient levan producers, as BAE2 standing out as the most efficient one not only in sucrose utilization and levan production rates, but also in final PHB concentrations. The mutants' whole genome sequences were analysed to determine the mutations occurred. Several mutations in genes related to central carbon metabolism and osmoregulation were found. Our results suggest that random mutagenesis can be a facile and efficient strategy to enhance the performance of extremophiles in adverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Adnan Erkorkmaz
- Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group-IBSB, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Onur Kırtel
- Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group-IBSB, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülbahar Abaramak
- Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group-IBSB, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emrah Nikerel
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Toksoy Öner
- Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group-IBSB, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey.
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Lian D, Zhuang S, Shui C, Zheng S, Ma Y, Sun Z, Porras-Domínguez JR, Öner ET, Liang M, Van den Ende W. Characterization of inulolytic enzymes from the Jerusalem artichoke-derived Glutamicibacter mishrai NJAU-1. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5525-5538. [PMID: 35896838 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The rhizosphere context of inulin-accumulating plants, such as Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus), is an ideal starting basis for the discovery of inulolytic enzymes with potential for bio fructose production. We isolated a Glutamicibacter mishrai NJAU-1 strain from this context, showing exo-inulinase activity, releasing fructose from fructans. The growth conditions (pH 9.0; 15 °C) were adjusted, and the production of inulinase by Glutamicibacter mishrai NJAU-1 increased by 90% (0.32 U/mL). Intriguingly, both levan and inulin, but not fructose and sucrose, induced the production of exo-inulinase activity. Two exo-inulinase genes (inu1 and inu2) were cloned and heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris. While INU2 preferentially hydrolyzed longer inulins, the smallest fructan 1-kestose appeared as the preferred substrate for INU1, also efficiently degrading nystose and sucrose. Active site docking studies with GFn- and Fn-type small inulins (G is glucose, F is fructose, and n is the number of β (2-1) bound fructose moieties) revealed subtle substrate differences between INU1 and INU2. A possible explanation about substrate specificity and INU's protein structure is then suggested. KEY POINTS: • A Glutamicibacter mishrai strain harbored exo-inulinase activity. • Fructans induced the inulolytic activity in G. mishrai while the inulolytic activity was optimized at pH 9.0 and 15 °C. • Two exo-inulinases with differential substrate specificity were characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lian
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuo Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Shui
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shicheng Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhong Ma
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongjiu Sun
- College of Grassland and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jaime R Porras-Domínguez
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology and KU Leuven Plant Institute, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Ebru Toksoy Öner
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, 34722, Turkey
| | - Mingxiang Liang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology and KU Leuven Plant Institute, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001, Louvain, Belgium
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Jaafar NR, Jailani N, Rahman RA, Öner ET, Murad AMA, Illias RM. Protein surface engineering and interaction studies of maltogenic amylase towards improved enzyme immobilisation. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:70-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Versluys M, Toksoy Öner E, Van den Ende W. Fructan oligosaccharide priming alters apoplastic sugar dynamics and improves resistance against Botrytis cinerea in chicory. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:4214-4235. [PMID: 35383363 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates such as fructans can be involved in priming or defence stimulation, and hence potentially provide new strategies for crop protection against biotic stress. Chicory (Cichorium intybus) is a model plant for fructan research and is a crop with many known health benefits. Using the chicory-Botrytis cinerea pathosystem, we tested the effectiveness of fructan-induced immunity, focussing on different plant and microbial fructans. Sugar dynamics were followed after priming and subsequent pathogen infection. Our results indicated that many higher plants might detect extracellular levan oligosaccharides (LOS) of microbial origin, while chicory also detects extracellular small inulin-type fructooligosaccharides (FOS) of endogenous origin, thus differing from the findings of previous fructan priming studies. No clear positive effects were observed for inulin or mixed-type fructans. An elicitor-specific burst of reactive oxygen species was observed for sulfated LOS, while FOS and LOS both behaved as genuine priming agents. In addition, a direct antifungal effect was observed for sulfated LOS. Intriguingly, LOS priming led to a temporary increase in apoplastic sugar concentrations, mainly glucose, which could trigger downstream responses. Total sugar and starch contents in total extracts of LOS-primed leaves were higher after leaf detachment, indicating they could maintain their metabolic activity. Our results indicate the importance of balancing intra- and extracellular sugar levels (osmotic balance) in the context of 'sweet immunity' pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Versluys
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology and KU Leuven Plant Institute, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ebru Toksoy Öner
- IBSB-Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology and KU Leuven Plant Institute, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Ni D, Zhang S, Kırtel O, Xu W, Chen Q, Öner ET, Mu W. Improving the Thermostability and Catalytic Activity of an Inulosucrase by Rational Engineering for the Biosynthesis of Microbial Inulin. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:13125-13134. [PMID: 34618455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thermostability and enzymatic activity are two vital indexes determining the application of an enzyme on an industrial scale. A truncated inulosucrase, Laga-ISΔ138-702, from Lactobacillus gasseri showed high catalysis activity. To further enhance its thermostability and activity, multiple sequence alignment (MSA) and rational design based on the modeled structure were performed. Variants A446E, S482A, I614M, and A627S were identified with an improved denaturation temperature (Tm) of more than 1 °C. A combinational mutation method was further carried out to explore the synergistic promotion effects of single-point mutants. Additionally, 33 residues at the N-terminus were truncated to construct mutant M4N-33. The half-life of M4N-33 at 55 °C increased by 120 times compared to that of Laga-ISΔ138-702, and the relative activity of M4N-33 increased up to 152% at the optimal pH and temperature (pH 5.5 and 60 °C). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations illustrated the decreased b-factor of the surface loop of M4N-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Onur Kırtel
- IBSB─Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Göztepe Campus, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ebru Toksoy Öner
- IBSB─Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Göztepe Campus, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
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Abstract
Considering the need for systematic studies on levan based hydrogels to widen their use in drug delivery systems and biomedical applications, this study is mainly focused on the synthesis and comprehensive characterization as well as drug release properties of hydrogels based on Halomonas levan (HL) and its chemical derivatives. For this, hydrolyzed and phosphonated HL derivatives were chemically synthesized and then cross-linked with 1,4-Butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) and the obtained hydrogels were characterized in terms of their swelling, adhesivity, and rheological properties. Both native and phosphonated HL hydrogels retained their rigid gel like structure with increasing shear stress levels and tack test analysis showed superior adhesive properties of the phosphonated HL hydrogels. Moreover, hydrogels were loaded with resveratrol and entrapment and release studies as well as cell culture studies with human keratinocytes were performed. Biocompatible and adhesive features of the hydrogels confirmed their suitability for tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Selvin Selvi
- IBSB—Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Erginer Hasköylü
- IBSB—Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seval Genç
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Toksoy Öner
- IBSB—Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ni D, Kırtel O, Yin D, Xu W, Chen Q, Öner ET, Mu W. Improving the catalytic behaviors of Lactobacillus-derived fructansucrases by truncation strategies. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 149:109857. [PMID: 34311894 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Fructansucrases (FSs), including inulosucrase (IS) and levansucrase (LS), are the members of the Glycoside Hydrolase family 68 (GH68) enzymes. IS and LS catalyze the polymerization of the fructosyl moiety from sucrose to inulin- and levan-type fructans, respectively. Lactobacillus-derived FSs have relatively extended N- and C-terminal sequences. However, the functional roles of these sequences in their enzymatic properties and fructan biosynthesis remain largely unknown. Limosilactobacillus reuteri (basionym: Lactobacillus reuteri) 121 could produce both IS and LS, abbreviated as Lare121-IS and Lare121-LS, respectively. In this study, it was found that the terminal truncation displayed an obvious effect on their activities and the N-terminal truncated variants, Lare121-ISΔ177-701 and Lare121-LSΔ154-686, displayed the highest activities. Melting temperature (Tm) and the thermostability at 50 °C were measured to evaluate the stability of various truncated versions, revealing the different effects of N-terminal on the stability. The average molecular weight and polymerization degree of the fructans produced by different truncated variants did not change considerably, indicating that N-terminal truncation had low influence on fructan biosynthesis. In addition, it was found that N-terminal truncation could also improve the activity of other reported FSs from Lactobacillus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Onur Kırtel
- IBSB-Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Göztepe Campus, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dejing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qiuming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ebru Toksoy Öner
- IBSB-Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Göztepe Campus, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
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Abaramak G, Porras-Domínguez JR, Janse van Rensburg HC, Lescrinier E, Toksoy Öner E, Kırtel O, Van den Ende W. Functional and Molecular Characterization of the Halomicrobium sp. IBSBa Inulosucrase. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040749. [PMID: 33918392 PMCID: PMC8066391 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructans are fructose-based (poly)saccharides with inulin and levan being the best-known ones. Thanks to their health-related benefits, inulin-type fructans have been under the focus of scientific and industrial communities, though mostly represented by plant-based inulins, and rarely by microbial ones. Recently, it was discovered that some extremely halophilic Archaea are also able to synthesize fructans. Here, we describe the first in-depth functional and molecular characterization of an Archaeal inulosucrase from Halomicrobium sp. IBSBa (HmcIsc). The HmcIsc enzyme was recombinantly expressed and purified in Escherichia coli and shown to synthesize inulin as proven by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. In accordance with the halophilic lifestyle of its native host, the enzyme showed maximum activity at very high NaCl concentrations (3.5 M), with specific adaptations for that purpose. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that Archaeal inulosucrases have been acquired from halophilic bacilli through horizontal gene transfer, with a HX(H/F)T motif evolving further into a HXHT motif, together with a unique D residue creating the onset of a specific alternative acceptor binding groove. This work uncovers a novel area in fructan research, highlighting unexplored aspects of life in hypersaline habitats, and raising questions about the general physiological relevance of inulosucrases and their products in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülbahar Abaramak
- IBSB-Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Bioengineering Department, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey; (G.A.); (E.T.Ö.)
| | - Jaime Ricardo Porras-Domínguez
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (J.R.P.-D.); (H.C.J.v.R.)
| | | | - Eveline Lescrinier
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Herestraat 49, P.O. Box 1041, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Ebru Toksoy Öner
- IBSB-Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Bioengineering Department, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey; (G.A.); (E.T.Ö.)
| | - Onur Kırtel
- IBSB-Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Bioengineering Department, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey; (G.A.); (E.T.Ö.)
- Correspondence: (O.K.); (W.V.d.E.)
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (J.R.P.-D.); (H.C.J.v.R.)
- Correspondence: (O.K.); (W.V.d.E.)
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Saha N, Saha N, Sáha T, Toksoy Öner E, Brodnjak UV, Redl H, von Byern J, Sáha P. Polymer Based Bioadhesive Biomaterials for Medical Application-A Perspective of Redefining Healthcare System Management. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3015. [PMID: 33339453 PMCID: PMC7766067 DOI: 10.3390/polym12123015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This article deliberates about the importance of polymer-based bioadhesive biomaterials' medical application in healthcare and in redefining healthcare management. Nowadays, the application of bioadhesion in the health sector is one of the great interests for various researchers, due to recent advances in their formulation development. Actually, this area of study is considered as an active multidisciplinary research approach, where engineers, scientists (including chemists, physicists, biologists, and medical experts), material producers and manufacturers combine their knowledge in order to provide better healthcare. Moreover, while discussing the implications of value-based healthcare, it is necessary to mention that health comprises three main domains, namely, physical, mental, and social health, which not only prioritize the quality healthcare, but also enable us to measure the outcomes of medical interventions. In addition, this conceptual article provides an understanding of the consequences of the natural or synthetic polymer-based bioadhesion of biomaterials, and its significance for redefining healthcare management as a novel approach. Furthermore, the research assumptions highlight that the quality healthcare concept has recently become a burning topic, wherein healthcare service providers, private research institutes, government authorities, public service boards, associations and academics have taken the initiative to restructure the healthcare system to create value for patients and increase their satisfaction, and lead ultimately to a healthier society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibedita Saha
- Footwear Research Centre, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, University Institute & Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Nad Ovčírnou 3685, 76001 Zlín, Czech Republic; (T.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Nabanita Saha
- Faculty of Technology Polymer, Centre, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, University Institute, Centre of Polymer Systems & Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 76001 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Sáha
- Footwear Research Centre, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, University Institute & Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Nad Ovčírnou 3685, 76001 Zlín, Czech Republic; (T.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Ebru Toksoy Öner
- Department of Bioengineering, IBSB. Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Urška Vrabič Brodnjak
- Graphic Arts and Design, Department of Textiles, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Heinz Redl
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (H.R.); (J.v.B.)
| | - Janek von Byern
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (H.R.); (J.v.B.)
| | - Petr Sáha
- Footwear Research Centre, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, University Institute & Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Nad Ovčírnou 3685, 76001 Zlín, Czech Republic; (T.S.); (P.S.)
- Faculty of Technology Polymer, Centre, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, University Institute, Centre of Polymer Systems & Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 76001 Zlín, Czech Republic
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Özcan E, Seven M, Şirin B, Çakır T, Nikerel E, Teusink B, Toksoy Öner E. Dynamic co-culture metabolic models reveal the fermentation dynamics, metabolic capacities and interplays of cheese starter cultures. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:223-237. [PMID: 32926401 PMCID: PMC7971941 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the cheese starter culture as a microbial community through a question: can the metabolic behaviour of a co-culture be explained by the characterized individual organism that constituted the co-culture? To address this question, the dairy-origin lactic acid bacteria Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus and Leuconostoc mesenteroides, commonly used in cheese starter cultures, were grown in pure and four different co-cultures. We used a dynamic metabolic modelling approach based on the integration of the genome-scale metabolic networks of the involved organisms to simulate the co-cultures. The strain-specific kinetic parameters of dynamic models were estimated using the pure culture experiments and they were subsequently applied to co-culture models. Biomass, carbon source, lactic acid and most of the amino acid concentration profiles simulated by the co-culture models fit closely to the experimental results and the co-culture models explained the mechanisms behind the dynamic microbial abundance. We then applied the co-culture models to estimate further information on the co-cultures that could not be obtained by the experimental method used. This includes estimation of the profile of various metabolites in the co-culture medium such as flavour compounds produced and the individual organism level metabolic exchange flux profiles, which revealed the potential metabolic interactions between organisms in the co-cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Özcan
- Systems Biology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Bioengineering, IBSB, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Seven
- Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Şirin
- Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tunahan Çakır
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Emrah Nikerel
- Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bas Teusink
- Systems Biology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ebru Toksoy Öner
- Department of Bioengineering, IBSB, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Janse van Rensburg HC, Takács Z, Freynschlag F, Toksoy Öner E, Jonak C, Van den Ende W. Fructans Prime ROS Dynamics and Botrytis cinerea Resistance in Arabidopsis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E805. [PMID: 32882794 PMCID: PMC7555011 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally derived molecules can be used as priming or defense stimulatory agents to protect against biotic stress. Fructans have gained strong interest due to their ability to induce resistance in a number of crop species. In this study, we set out to establish the role of fructan-induced immunity against the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that both inulin- and levan-type fructans from different sources can enhance Arabidopsis resistance against B. cinerea. We found that inulin from chicory roots and levan oligosaccharides from the exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium Halomonas smyrnensis primed the NADPH-oxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst in response to the elicitors flg22, derived from the bacterial flagellum, and oligogalacturonides (OGs), derived from the host cell wall. Neither induced a direct ROS burst typical of elicitors. We also found a primed response after infection with B. cinerea for H2O2 accumulation and the activities of ascorbate peroxidase and catalase. Sucrose accumulated as a consequence of fructan priming, and glucose and sucrose levels increased in fructan-treated plants after infection with B. cinerea. This study shows that levan-type fructans, specifically from bacterial origin, can prime plant defenses and that both inulin and levan oligosaccharide-mediated priming is associated with changes in ROS dynamics and sugar metabolism. Establishing fructan-induced immunity in Arabidopsis is an important step to further study the underlying mechanisms since a broad range of biological resources are available for Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoltan Takács
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Health & Bioresources, Bioresources, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (Z.T.); (F.F.); (C.J.)
| | - Florentina Freynschlag
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Health & Bioresources, Bioresources, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (Z.T.); (F.F.); (C.J.)
| | - Ebru Toksoy Öner
- IBSB, Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Bioengineering Department, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Claudia Jonak
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Health & Bioresources, Bioresources, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (Z.T.); (F.F.); (C.J.)
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;
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Shimizu N, Abea A, Ushiyama T, Toksoy Öner E. Effect of temperature on the hydrolysis of levan treated with compressed hot water fluids. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:2004-2014. [PMID: 32328267 PMCID: PMC7174225 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydrolysis of levan using compressed hot water for the production of functional fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) was investigated. Levans from Erwinia herbicola (EH) and Halomonas smyrnensis (HS) were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and light scattering techniques, and hydrolyzed using compressed hot water at four temperatures (120, 140, 160, and 180°C). The hydrolysates were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Levan HS showed a crystalline morphology, whereas levan EH showed an aggregated structure. Both levans had molar masses on the order of 106 g/mol, but levan EH had a smaller radius of gyration, hydrodynamic radius, and intrinsic viscosity. Levan EH hydrolyzed into FOSs at approximately 120°C, whereas levan HS required a temperature of at least 160°C, possibly because of differences in the degree of branching of the two levans. Both samples were degraded to fructose when treated at 180°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Shimizu
- Research Faculty of AgricultureHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Field Science Center for Northern BiosphereHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Andres Abea
- Graduate School of AgricultureHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | | | - Ebru Toksoy Öner
- Department of BioengineeringIBSBMarmara UniversityIstanbulTurkey
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16
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Başaran TI, Berber D, Gökalsın B, Tramice A, Tommonaro G, Abbamondi GR, Erginer Hasköylü M, Toksoy Öner E, Iodice C, Sesal NC. Extremophilic Natrinema versiforme Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum Sensing and Biofilm. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:79. [PMID: 32117114 PMCID: PMC7015896 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes high morbidity and mortality rates due to its biofilm form. Biofilm formation is regulated via quorum sensing (QS) mechanism and provides up to 1000 times more resistance against conventional antibiotics. QS related genes are expressed according to bacterial population density via signal molecules. QS inhibitors (QSIs) from natural sources are widely studied evaluating various extracts from extreme environments. It is suggested that extremely halophilic Archaea may also produce QSI compounds. For this purpose, we tested QS inhibitory potentials of ethyl acetate extracts from cell free supernatants and cells of Natrinema versiforme against QS and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa. To observe QS inhibition, all extracts were tested on P. aeruginosa lasB-gfp, rhlA-gfp, and pqsA-gfp biosensor strains and biofilm inhibition was studied using P. aeruginosa PAO1. According to our results, QS inhibition ratios of cell free supernatant extract (CFSE) were higher than cell extract (CE) on las system, whereas CE was more effective on rhl system. In addition, anti-biofilm effect of CFSE was higher than CE. Structural analysis revealed that the most abundant compound in the extracts was trans 4-(2-carboxy-vinyl) benzoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunahan Irmak Başaran
- Department of Biology, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Didem Berber
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Barış Gökalsın
- Department of Biology, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Merve Erginer Hasköylü
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Toksoy Öner
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Carmine Iodice
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry-CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Nüzhet Cenk Sesal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kırtel O, Lescrinier E, Van den Ende W, Toksoy Öner E. Discovery of fructans in Archaea. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 220:149-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Yaşar Yildiz S, Nikerel E, Toksoy Öner E. Genome-Scale Metabolic Model of a Microbial Cell Factory ( Brevibacillus thermoruber 423) with Multi-Industry Potentials for Exopolysaccharide Production. OMICS 2019; 23:237-246. [PMID: 30932743 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2019.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Brevibacillus thermoruber 423 is a thermophilic bacterium capable of producing high levels of exopolysaccharide (EPS) that has broad applications in nutrition, feed, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries, not to mention in health and bionanotechnology sectors. EPS is a natural, nontoxic, and biodegradable polymer of sugar residues and plays pivotal roles in cell-to-cell interactions, adhesion, biofilm formation, and protection of cell against environmental extremes. This bacterium is a thermophilic EPS producer while exceeding other thermophilic producers by virtue of high level of polymer synthesis. Recently, B. thermoruber 423 was noted for relevance to multiple industry sectors because of its capacity to use xylose, and produce EPS, isoprenoids, ethanol/butanol, lipases, proteases, cellulase, and glucoamylase enzymes as well as its resistance to arsenic. A key step in understanding EPS production with a systems-based approach is the knowledge of microbial genome sequence. To speed biotechnology and industrial applications, this study reports on a genome-scale metabolic model (GSMM) of B. thermoruber 423, constructed using the recently available high-quality genome sequence that we have subsequently validated using physiological data on batch growth and EPS production on seven different carbon sources. The model developed contains 1454 reactions (of which 1127 are assigned an enzyme commission number) and 1410 metabolites from 925 genes. This GSMM offers the promise to enable and accelerate further systems biology and industrial scale studies, not to mention the ability to calculate metabolic flux distribution in large networks and multiomic data integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songül Yaşar Yildiz
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emrah Nikerel
- 2 Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Toksoy Öner
- 3 Department of Bioengineering, IBSB, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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19
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Özcan E, Selvi SS, Nikerel E, Teusink B, Toksoy Öner E, Çakır T. A genome-scale metabolic network of the aroma bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:3153-3165. [PMID: 30712128 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09630-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris is an obligate heterolactic fermentative lactic acid bacterium that is mostly used in industrial dairy fermentations. The phosphoketolase pathway (PKP) is a unique feature of the obligate heterolactic fermentation, which leads to the production of lactate, ethanol, and/or acetate, and the final product profile of PKP highly depends on the energetics and redox state of the organism. Another characteristic of the L. mesenteroides subsp. cremoris is the production of aroma compounds in dairy fermentation, such as in cheese production, through the utilization of citrate. Considering its importance in dairy fermentation, a detailed metabolic characterization of the organism is necessary for its more efficient use in the industry. To this aim, a genome-scale metabolic model of dairy-origin L. mesenteroides subsp. cremoris ATCC 19254 (iLM.c559) was reconstructed to explain the energetics and redox state mechanisms of the organism in full detail. The model includes 559 genes governing 1088 reactions between 1129 metabolites, and the reactions cover citrate utilization and citrate-related flavor metabolism. The model was validated by simulating co-metabolism of glucose and citrate and comparing the in silico results to our experimental results. Model simulations further showed that, in co-metabolism of citrate and glucose, no flavor compounds were produced when citrate could stimulate the formation of biomass. Significant amounts of flavor metabolites (e.g., diacetyl and acetoin) were only produced when citrate could not enhance growth, which suggests that flavor formation only occurs under carbon and ATP excess. The effects of aerobic conditions and different carbon sources on product profiles and growth were also investigated using the reconstructed model. The analyses provided further insights for the growth stimulation and flavor formation mechanisms of the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Özcan
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.,IBSB, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Systems Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Selvin Selvi
- IBSB, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emrah Nikerel
- Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bas Teusink
- Systems Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ebru Toksoy Öner
- IBSB, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tunahan Çakır
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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Abstract
Levan is a fructose homopolysaccharide which gained attention recently for its unusual combination of properties distinguishing it from other natural biodegradable polysaccharides like chitosan, cellulose or starch. Among the strongest bioadhesives, film-forming levan is garnering interest for its role in some simple solutions to difficult problems. One of these is illustrated by the elegant research using laser-based techniques to construct levan films for healing wounds and burned tissue. Another is the development of bioresorbable electronic implants. Levan has been found in habitats as diverse as salterns and thermal waters to tropical plants and sugar factories. This review of the low viscosity, levan adhesive describes the mechanisms by which it forms bonds and the reasons behind some of its practical and industrial applications. Here we present descriptions from the literature for feasible approaches ready to transition from the laboratory to those searching for answers in fields as varied as medicine, packaging and furniture assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Combie
- Montana Biopolymers Inc., 119 Cathcart Circle, Winnsboro, SC 29180, United States of America
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Kırtel O, Versluys M, Van den Ende W, Toksoy Öner E. Fructans of the saline world. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1524-1539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kirtel O, Menéndez C, Versluys M, Van den Ende W, Hernández L, Toksoy Öner E. Levansucrase from Halomonas smyrnensis AAD6T: first halophilic GH-J clan enzyme recombinantly expressed, purified, and characterized. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:9207-9220. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Erkorkmaz BA, Kırtel O, Ateş Duru Ö, Toksoy Öner E. Development of a cost-effective production process for Halomonas levan. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 41:1247-1259. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-1952-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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24
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Özcan E, Öner ET. Microbial of Extracellular Polysaccharide Production from Biomass Sources. Polysaccharides 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03751-6_51-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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Versluys M, Kirtel O, Toksoy Öner E, Van den Ende W. The fructan syndrome: Evolutionary aspects and common themes among plants and microbes. Plant Cell Environ 2018; 41:16-38. [PMID: 28925070 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Fructans are multifunctional fructose-based water soluble carbohydrates found in all biological kingdoms but not in animals. Most research has focused on plant and microbial fructans and has received a growing interest because of their practical applications. Nevertheless, the origin of fructan production, the so-called "fructan syndrome," is still unknown. Why fructans only occur in a limited number of plant and microbial species remains unclear. In this review, we provide an overview of plant and microbial fructan research with a focus on fructans as an adaptation to the environment and their role in (a)biotic stress tolerance. The taxonomical and biogeographical distribution of fructans in both kingdoms is discussed and linked (where possible) to environmental factors. Overall, the fructan syndrome may be related to water scarcity and differences in physicochemical properties, for instance, water retaining characteristics, at least partially explain why different fructan types with different branching levels are found in different species. Although a close correlation between environmental stresses and fructan production is quite clear in plants, this link seems to be missing in microbes. We hypothesize that this can be at least partially explained by differential evolutionary timeframes for plants and microbes, combined with potential redundancy effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Versluys
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Onur Kirtel
- Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Bioengineering Department, Marmara University, Istanbul, 34722, Turkey
| | - Ebru Toksoy Öner
- Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Bioengineering Department, Marmara University, Istanbul, 34722, Turkey
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Öner ET, Hernández L, Combie J. Review of Levan polysaccharide: From a century of past experiences to future prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:827-844. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Erginer M, Coskunkan B, Morova T, Rende D, Bucak S, Baysal N, Ozisik R, Eroglu MS, Agirbasli M, Öner ET. Sulfated Halomonas levan as a heparin-mimetic bioactive glycan. N Biotechnol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2016.06.1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sezer AD, Kazak Sarılmışer H, Rayaman E, Çevikbaş A, Öner ET, Akbuğa J. Development and characterization of vancomycin-loaded levan-based microparticular system for drug delivery. Pharm Dev Technol 2015; 22:627-634. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2015.1116564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Demir Sezer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydarpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey,
| | - Hande Kazak Sarılmışer
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Göztepe, Istanbul, Turkey, and
| | - Erkan Rayaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydarpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adile Çevikbaş
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydarpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Toksoy Öner
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Göztepe, Istanbul, Turkey, and
| | - Jülide Akbuğa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydarpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey,
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Öner ET. Microbial Production of Extracellular Polysaccharides from Biomass. Pretreatment Techniques for Biofuels and Biorefineries 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-32735-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Sezer AD, Kazak H, Öner ET, Akbuğa J. Levan-based nanocarrier system for peptide and protein drug delivery: Optimization and influence of experimental parameters on the nanoparticle characteristics. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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33
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Nikerel IE, Ates Ö, Öner ET. Effect of bioprocess conditions on growth and alkaline protease production by halotolerant Bacillus licheniformis BA17. J Biotechnol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.07.855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Arslan D, Ates O, Öner ET, Oliver SG, Kirdar B. Construction of amylolytic nuclear petite Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains for bioethanol production by SSF. J Biotechnol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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