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Mondal PC, Salim R, Kumar V, Kaushik P, Shakil NA, Pankaj, Rana VS. Aphidicidal activity of nano-emulsions of spearmint oil and carvone against Rhopalosiphum maidis and Sitobion avenae. Sci Rep 2024; 14:24226. [PMID: 39414889 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-74149-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Different species of aphids, responsible for severe yield losses of cereal crops including wheat, (Triticum aestivum L.) are managed by insecticides, which are harmful to organisms and the environment under field conditions. Therefore, an environment friendly aphidicidal product of plant origin is required. Mentha spicata oil was found to be rich in carvone (81.88%), but the use of its oil and carvone in crop protection is lacking due to their volatility, poor solubility, and stability. A nanoformulaton not only solves these problems but also improve the efficacy and dose of the bioactive compounds. Thus, nano-emulsions of the oil and carvone prepared were characterized, and evaluated against Rhopalosiphum maidis (corn aphid) and Sitobion avenae (wheat aphid) The average droplet size of nano-emulsions of the oil and carvone was found to be 22.1 and 41.21 nm. Nano-emulsion of carvone exhibited higher aphid mortality (LC50 = 0.87-1.94 mg/mL) at 24 h and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.07-3.83 mg/mL) compared to the nano-emulsion of the oil (LC50 = 2.87-2.81 mg/mL; IC50 = 1.66-5.34 mg/mL). The repellence index (RI) in nano-emulsion of essential oil was found to be higher (84.73 and 81.72%) at the highest concentration (0.05 µL/cm2) than that of carvone (77.59 and 80.98%) for R. maidis and S. avenae. Further, in silico studies also revealed the favourable binding energy (- 6.6 to - 8.5 kcal/mol) of the main compounds in the oil with acetylcholinesterase, facilitated by hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding. This study suggests that the nano-emulsions of the essential oil and carvone can be explored under field conditions to establish efficacy for their utilization as aphidicidal and repellent products against aphids. In the present study, aphidicial and repellent activities of its essential oil and carvone were reported for the first time against R.maidis and S.avenae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Chandra Mondal
- The Graduate School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Rajna Salim
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Parshant Kaushik
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Najam Akhtar Shakil
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Pankaj
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Virendra Singh Rana
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Li X, Zhang H, Mao X. Liposomes delivery systems of functional substances for precision nutrition. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2024; 112:257-300. [PMID: 39218504 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Natural bioactive compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and other biological activities are vital for maintaining the body's physiological functions and enhancing immunity. These compounds have great potential as nutritional therapeutic agents, but they can be limited due to their poor flavor, color, unstable nature, and poor water solubility, and degradation by gastrointestinal enzymes. Liposomes, as ideal carriers, can encapsulate both water-soluble and fat-soluble nutrients, enhance the bioavailability of functional substances, promote the biological activity of functional substances, and control the release of nutrients. Despite their potential, liposomes still face obstacles in nutrient delivery. Therefore, the design of liposomes for special needs, optimization of the liposome preparation process, enhancement of liposome encapsulation efficiency, and industrial production are key issues that must be addressed in order to develop food-grade liposomes. Moreover, the research on surface-targeted modification and surface functionalization of liposomes is valuable for expanding the scope of application of liposomes and achieving the release of functional substances from liposomes at the appropriate time and site. The establishment of in vivo and in vitro digestion models of nutrient-loaded liposomes, in-depth study of gastrointestinal digestive behavior after liposome ingestion, targeted nutrient release, and deciphering the nutritional intervention of human diseases and positive health promotion are promising fields with broad development prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Qingdao, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Qingdao, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Qingdao, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao, P.R. China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, P.R. China.
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Radha A, Ahluwalia V, Rai AK, Varjani S, Awasthi MK, Sindhu R, Binod P, Saran S, Kumar V. The way forward to produce nutraceuticals from agri-food processing residues: obstacle, solution, and possibility. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 61:429-443. [PMID: 38327860 PMCID: PMC10844164 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05729-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Food matrices contain bioactive compounds that have health benefits beyond nutritional value. The bulk of bioactive chemicals are still present in agro-industrial by-products as food matrices. Throughout the food production chain, there is a lot of agro-industrial waste that, if not managed effectively, could harm the environment, company, and how nutritiously and adequately people eat. It's important to establish processes that maximise the use of agro-industrial by-products, such as biological technologies that improve the extraction and acquisition of bioactive compounds for the food and pharmaceutical industries. As opposed to nonbiological processes, biological procedures provide high-quality, bioactive extracts with minimum toxicity and environmental impact. Fermentation and enzymatic treatment are biological processes for obtaining bioactive compounds from agro-industrial waste. In this context, this article summarises the principal bioactive components in agro-industrial byproducts and the biological methods employed to extract them. In this review efficient utilization of bioactive compounds from agro-industrial waste more effectively in food and pharmaceutical industries has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Radha
- Fermentation and Microbial biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Jammu, 180001 India
- Academy of Scientifc and Innovative Research, CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Vivek Ahluwalia
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Mohali, Punjab 140 306 India
| | - Amit Kumar Rai
- Microbial Resources, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Sikkim Centre, Gangtok, India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248 007 Uttarakhand India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A& F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Department of Food Technology, T K M Institute of Technology, Kollam, Kerala 691 505 India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum, Kerala 695 019 India
| | - Saurabh Saran
- Fermentation and Microbial biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Jammu, 180001 India
- Academy of Scientifc and Innovative Research, CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Fermentation and Microbial biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Jammu, 180001 India
- Academy of Scientifc and Innovative Research, CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad, 201002 India
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Basu A, Namporn T, Ruenraroengsak P. Critical Review in Designing Plant-Based Anticancer Nanoparticles against Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1611. [PMID: 37376061 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), accounting for 85% of liver cancer cases, continues to be the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although various forms of chemotherapy and immunotherapy have been investigated in clinics, patients continue to suffer from high toxicity and undesirable side effects. Medicinal plants contain novel critical bioactives that can target multimodal oncogenic pathways; however, their clinical translation is often challenged due to poor aqueous solubility, low cellular uptake, and poor bioavailability. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery presents great opportunities in HCC therapy by increasing selectivity and transferring sufficient doses of bioactives to tumor areas with minimal damage to adjacent healthy cells. In fact, many phytochemicals encapsulated in FDA-approved nanocarriers have demonstrated the ability to modulate the tumor microenvironment. In this review, information about the mechanisms of promising plant bioactives against HCC is discussed and compared. Their benefits and risks as future nanotherapeutics are underscored. Nanocarriers that have been employed to encapsulate both pure bioactives and crude extracts for application in various HCC models are examined and compared. Finally, the current limitations in nanocarrier design, challenges related to the HCC microenvironment, and future opportunities are also discussed for the clinical translation of plant-based nanomedicines from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aalok Basu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayutthaya Rd., Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Thanaphon Namporn
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayutthaya Rd., Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pakatip Ruenraroengsak
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayutthaya Rd., Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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5
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Nsairat H, Lafi Z, Al-Sulaibi M, Gharaibeh L, Alshaer W. Impact of nanotechnology on the oral delivery of phyto-bioactive compounds. Food Chem 2023; 424:136438. [PMID: 37244187 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is an advanced field that has remarkable nutraceutical and food applications. Phyto-bioactive compounds (PBCs) play critical roles in promoting health and disease treatment. However, PBCs generally encounter several limitations that delay their widespread application. For example, most PBCs have low aqueous solubility, poor biostability, poor bioavailability, and a lack of target specificity. Moreover, the high concentrations of effective PBC doses also limit their application. As a result, encapsulating PBCs into an appropriate nanocarrier may increase their solubility and biostability and protect them from premature degradation. Moreover, nanoencapsulation could improve absorption and prolong circulation with a high opportunity for targeted delivery that may decrease unwanted toxicity. This review addresses the main parameters, variables, and barriers that control and affect oral PBC delivery. Moreover, this review discusses the potential role of biocompatible and biodegradable nanocarriers in improving the water solubility, chemical stability, bioavailability, and specificity/selectivity of PBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Nsairat
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan.
| | - Zainab Lafi
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Mazen Al-Sulaibi
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Lobna Gharaibeh
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
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Pereira GC. Novel Nanotechnology-Driven Prototypes for AI-Enriched Implanted Prosthetics Following Organ Failure. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2575:195-237. [PMID: 36301477 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2716-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Meeting medical challenges posed by global burdens is proven to be of primary interest. One example is the COVID-19 epidemic that humankind is currently experiencing, since around December 2019. Innovation is key to respond rapidly and effectively to sanitary and health emergencies, when human lives are severely threatened. In this scenery, medical devices that can be rapidly launched in the market and manufactured at scale are crucial for saving lives. One example is a lifesaving respiratory device launched in about 10 days (Mercedes F1 team's new device based on continuous positive airway pressure devices) and rapidly approved by international agencies responsible for assuring drug and medical devices safety, in response to the COVID-19 burden. Remarkably, it is the first time in history that mankind observes disease spread reaching such high proportions, globally, in such short time scale. However, while this epidemic had, in March 2020, reached the critical figures of about 38,000 deaths and c. 738,000 infected, organ donation and transplantation patients are suffering for years, accounting for an increasing number of affected, annually. These patients are invisible for the general public. Therefore, this chapter approaches the organ donation and transplantation burden, proposing effective solutions to leverage the suffering, improving life quality of patients enduring several underlying issues, from hemodialysis complications and critical organ failure to lacking compatible donors. This, on the basis of technology repurposing, to speed up approval processes followed by international agencies responsible for assuring drug and medical devices safety, while adding innovative methods to existing technology and reducing invasiveness.
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Hussain Z, Thu HE, Khan S, Sohail M, Sarfraz RM, Mahmood A, Abourehab MA. Phytonanomedicines, a state-of-the-art strategy for targeted delivery of anti-inflammatory phytochemicals: A review of improved pharmacokinetic profile and therapeutic efficacy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
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8
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Shariare MH, Khan MA, Al-Masum A, Khan JH, Uddin J, Kazi M. Development of Stable Liposomal Drug Delivery System of Thymoquinone and Its In Vitro Anticancer Studies Using Breast Cancer and Cervical Cancer Cell Lines. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196744. [PMID: 36235288 PMCID: PMC9571792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thymoquinone, a well-known phytoconstituent derived from the seeds of Nigella sativa, exhibits unique pharmacological activities However, despite the various medicinal properties of thymoquinone, its administration in vivo remains challenging due to poor aqueous solubility, bioavailability, and stability. Therefore, an advanced drugdelivery system is required to improve the therapeutic outcome of thymoquinone by enhancing its solubility and stability in biological systems. Therefore, this study is mainly focused on preparing thymoquinone-loaded liposomes to improve its physicochemical stability in gastric media and its performance in different cancer cell line studies. Liposomes were prepared using phospholipid extracted from egg yolk. The liposomal nano preparations were evaluated in terms of hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential, microscopic analysis, and entrapment efficiency. Cell-viability measurements were conducted using breast and cervical cancer cell lines. Optimized liposomal preparation exhibited polygonal, globule-like shape with a hydrodynamic diameter of less than 260 nm, PDI of 0.6, and zeta potential values of -23.0 mV. Solid-state characterizations performed using DSC and XRPD showed that the freeze-dried liposomal preparations were amorphous in nature. Gastric pH stability data showed no physical changes (precipitation, degradation) or significant growth in the average size of blank and thymoquinone-loaded liposomes after 24 h. Cell line studies exhibited better performance for thymoquinone-loaded liposomal drug delivery system compared with the thymoquinone-only solution; this finding can play a critical role in improving breast and cervical cancer treatment management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossain Shariare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (M.H.S.); (M.K.); Tel.: +880-1716620012 (M.H.S.); 966-114-677-372 (M.K.)
| | - Md Asaduzzaman Khan
- Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Abdullah Al-Masum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Junayet Hossain Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Jamal Uddin
- Center for Nanotechnology, Department of Natural Sciences, Coppin State University, Baltimore, MD 21216, USA
| | - Mohsin Kazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.H.S.); (M.K.); Tel.: +880-1716620012 (M.H.S.); 966-114-677-372 (M.K.)
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Liposomal β-Sitosterol Suppresses Metastasis of CT26/luc Colon Carcinoma via Inhibition of MMP-9 and Evoke of Immune System. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061214. [PMID: 35745788 PMCID: PMC9231002 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
β-sitosterol (SITO) has been reported with anticancer effects; however, with poor bioavailability. The current study aimed to investigate whether liposomal encapsulated β-sitosterol (LS) has a better inhibition effect on tumor metastasis than β-sitosterol in a CT26/luc lung metastasis mouse model and the possible underlying mechanism. LS was liposomal-encapsulated SITO and was delivered to mice by oral gavage. The cell viability was determined by the MTT assay, and invasiveness of the tumor cells and related protein expression were evaluated with the invasion assay and Western blotting. For therapeutic efficacy evaluation, male BALB/c mice were treated with PBS, SITO, and LS once a day for 7 days prior to intravenous injections of CT26/luc cells; treatments were continued twice a week post-cell inoculation throughout the entire experiment. Tumor growth inhibition was monitored by bioluminescent imaging (BLI). IL-12, IL-18, and IFN-γ in the intestinal epithelium were determined by ELISA. The results show that LS treatment had a better invasion inhibition with lower cytotoxicity than SITO when the same dose was utilized. Notably, mice treated with LS significantly exhibited fewer metastases to the lungs and other tissues/organs compared with the Control and SITO groups. Additionally, the IL-12, IL-18, and IFN-γ levels were significantly increased in the LS-treated mice compared with the Control and SITO groups. The underlying mechanism may be through the inhibition of MMP-9 and elicitation of the antitumoral Th1 immune response, such as increasing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, IL-12, IL-18, and IFN-γ.
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Inulin-Modified Liposomes as a Novel Delivery System for Cinnamaldehyde. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101467. [PMID: 35627037 PMCID: PMC9140198 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde as an antioxidant was encapsulated in inulin-modified nanoliposomes in order to improve its physical and antioxidant stability. The microstructure, particle size and volume distribution of cinnamaldehyde liposomes were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The particle size and polydispersion index (PDI) values of the inulin modified liposomes were 72.52 ± 0.71 nm and 0.223 ± 0.031, respectively. The results showed that the liposomes after surface modification with inulin remained spherical. Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra analysis showed that hydrogen bonds were formed between the inulin and the liposome membrane. Inulin binding also restricted the freedom of movement of lipid molecules and enhanced the order of the hydrophobic core of the membrane and the polar headgroup region in lipid molecules. Therefore, the addition of different concentrations of inulin influenced the permeability of the liposome bilayer membrane. However, when inulin was excessive, the capacity of the bilayer membrane to load the cinnamaldehyde was reduced, and the stability of the system was reduced. Additionally, the encapsulation efficiency (EE) and retention rate (RR) of cinnamaldehyde from inulin-modified liposomes during storage were determined. The EE value of the inulin modified liposomes was 70.71 ± 0.53%. The liposomes with 1.5% inulin concentration had the highest retention rate (RR) and the smallest particle size during storage at 4 °C. The addition of inulin also enhanced the thermal stability of the liposomes. Based on the results, the surface modification improved the oxidation stability of liposomes, especially the DPPH scavenging ability. In conclusion, these results might help to develop inulin as a potential candidate for the effective modification of the surface of liposomes and provide data and conclusions for it.
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Abstract
Brewers’ spent grains constitute a valuable byproduct of the beer industry. They are characterized by a rich nutritional composition consisting of around 70% lignocellulosic fibrous material, 20% proteins, 10% lipids, in addition to vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and phenolic compounds. These spent grains are produced in large amounts all through the year, are cheap, and lack economically feasible applications. Nowadays, 70% of these spent grains are used as animal feed, 10% are used for biogas production, and the remaining 20% are disposed in landfills. Due to the aforementioned facts, alternative uses of the brewers’ spent grains are highly sought-after. In fact, this nutrient-rich industrial by-product makes it a very good candidate for valorization through biotechnological processing, particularly microbial fermentation. After applying the needed pretreatments, using brewers’ spent grains as a substrate in submerged and solid-state fermentation of different microorganisms leads to the production of various value-added compounds such as organic acids, amino acids, volatile fatty acids, enzymes, vitamins, second-generation biofuels and other products.
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Chen C, Wang J, Sun M, Li J, Wang HMD. Toward the next-generation phyto-nanomedicines: cell-derived nanovesicles (CDNs) for natural product delivery. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112416. [PMID: 34781147 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals are plant-derived bioactive compounds, which have been widely used for therapeutic purposes. Due to the poor water-solubility, low bioavailability and non-specific targeting characteristic, diverse classes of nanocarriers are utilized for encapsulation and delivery of bio-effective agents. Cell-derived nanovesicles (CDNs), known for exosomes or extracellular vesicles (EVs), are biological nanoparticles with multiple functions. Compared to the artificial counterpart, CDNs hold great potential in drug delivery given the higher stability, superior biocompatibility and the lager capability of encapsulating bioactive molecules. Here, we provide a bench-to-bedside review of CDNs-based nanoplatform, including the bio-origin, preparation, characterization and functionalization. Beyond that, the focus is laid on the therapeutic effect of CDNs-mediated drug delivery for natural products. The state-of-art development as well as some pre-clinical applications of using CDNs for disease treatment is also summarized. It is highly expected that the continuing development of CDNs-based delivery systems will further promote the clinical utilization and translation of phyto-nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxiang Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, China
| | - Mengdi Sun
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, China.
| | - Hui-Min David Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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Pinilla CMB, Lopes NA, Brandelli A. Lipid-Based Nanostructures for the Delivery of Natural Antimicrobials. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123587. [PMID: 34208209 PMCID: PMC8230829 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Encapsulation can be a suitable strategy to protect natural antimicrobial substances against some harsh conditions of processing and storage and to provide efficient formulations for antimicrobial delivery. Lipid-based nanostructures, including liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), and nanostructured lipid nanocarriers (NLCs), are valuable systems for the delivery and controlled release of natural antimicrobial substances. These nanostructures have been used as carriers for bacteriocins and other antimicrobial peptides, antimicrobial enzymes, essential oils, and antimicrobial phytochemicals. Most studies are conducted with liposomes, although the potential of SLNs and NLCs as antimicrobial nanocarriers is not yet fully established. Some studies reveal that lipid-based formulations can be used for co-encapsulation of natural antimicrobials, improving their potential to control microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Mauricio Barreto Pinilla
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Food Science and Technology (ICTA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil; (C.M.B.P.); (N.A.L.)
| | - Nathalie Almeida Lopes
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Food Science and Technology (ICTA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil; (C.M.B.P.); (N.A.L.)
| | - Adriano Brandelli
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Food Science and Technology (ICTA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil; (C.M.B.P.); (N.A.L.)
- Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CNANO), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-51-3308-6249
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Kumar V, Kumar R, Jain VK, Nagpal S. Comparison of Virosome vs. Liposome as drug delivery vehicle using HepG2 and CaCo2 cell lines. J Microencapsul 2021; 38:263-275. [PMID: 33719838 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2021.1902009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present work involves encapsulation of herbal drug nanocurcumin into the virosomes and compared with a liposome in terms of their in vitro anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-migratory efficacy. METHODS The anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-migratory efficacy of virosome and liposome were compared in HepG2 and CaCo2 cells by using MTT, Nitric oxide scavenging, and Wound healing assay, respectively. RESULTS Size of the optimised NC-Virosome and NC-Liposome was 70.06 ± 1.63 and 265.80 ± 1.64 nm, respectively. The prepared NC-Virosome can be stored at -4 °C up to six months. The drug encapsulation efficiency of NC-Virosome and NC-Liposome was found to be 84.66 ± 1.67 and 62.15 ± 1.75% (w/w). The evaluated minimum inhibitory concentration (IC50 value) for NC-Virosome was 102.7 μg/ml and 108.1 μg/ml, while NC-Liposome showed 129.2 μg/ml and 160.1 μg/ml for HepG2 and CaCo2 cells, respectively. Morphological examination depicts detachment of the cells from substratum after exposure to NC-Virosome for 48 h. CONCLUSION The prepared NC-Virosome provides remarkable in vitro efficacy in both the cell lines with site-specific drug-targeting potential as compared to the liposome, results proved its potential as a drug delivery vehicle for future therapy with reduced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Kumar
- Amity Institute of Advanced Research and Studies (Materials & Devices), Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Virology Section, Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - V K Jain
- Amity Institute of Advanced Research and Studies (Materials & Devices), Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Suman Nagpal
- Amity Institute of Advanced Research and Studies (Materials & Devices), Amity University, Noida, India
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Kumar V, Ahluwalia V, Saran S, Kumar J, Patel AK, Singhania RR. Recent developments on solid-state fermentation for production of microbial secondary metabolites: Challenges and solutions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 323:124566. [PMID: 33390315 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbial secondary metabolites (SMs) are the intermediate or the product of metabolism produced during fermentation process. SMs are produced during stationary phase and play a major role in competition, antagonism and self defence mechanisms. These metabolites finds application in the pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics etc. These are produced besides primary key metabolites (e.g., amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates etc.). Growth condition in solid-state fermentation (SSF) resembles microorganism's own native environment allowing the microorganisms to adapt best. Recent developments in bioprocessing has identified specific SSF practices that have a significant impact on SMs production. The practice of SSF, representing new opportunities to design better bioprocessing with potential genetic development goals for expanding the list of exciting SMs. Current updates cover advanced techniques on SSF to improve microbial SMs production and their ease of operation and cost-effective production strategies. Various factors affecting the SSF have been discussed with respect to sustainable development of novel SSF strategies for SMs production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Fermentation Technology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Post Bag No. 3, Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India
| | - Vivek Ahluwalia
- Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology, Gurugram, Haryana 122 016, India
| | - Saurabh Saran
- Fermentation Technology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Post Bag No. 3, Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology, Gurugram, Haryana 122 016, India
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, India
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Gómez-Hernández MA, Flores-Merino MV, Sánchez-Flores JE, Burrola-Aguilar C, Zepeda-Gómez C, Nieto-Trujillo A, Estrada-Zúñiga ME. Photoprotective Activity of Buddleja cordata Cell Culture Methanolic Extract on UVB-irradiated 3T3-Swiss Albino Fibroblasts. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020266. [PMID: 33573194 PMCID: PMC7912278 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The research on compounds exhibiting photoprotection against ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a matter of increasing interest. The methanolic extract of a cell culture of Buddleja cordata has potential photoprotective effects as these cells produce phenolic secondary metabolites (SMs). These metabolites are attributed with biological activities capable of counteracting the harmful effects caused by UVR on skin. In the present work, the methanolic extract (310–2500 µg/mL) of B. cordata cell culture showed a photoprotective effect on UVB-irradiated 3T3-Swiss albino fibroblasts with a significant increase in cell viability. The greatest photoprotective effect (75%) of the extract was observed at 2500 µg/mL, which was statistically comparable with that of 250 µg/mL verbascoside, used as positive control. In addition, concentrations of the extract higher than 2500 µg/mL resulted in decreased cell viability (≤83%) after 24 h of exposure. Phytochemical analysis of the extract allowed us to determine that it was characterized by high concentrations of total phenol and total phenolic acid contents (138 ± 4.7 mg gallic acid equivalents and 44.01 ± 1.33 mg verbascoside equivalents per gram of extract, respectively) as well as absorption of UV light (first and second bands peaking at 294 and 330 nm, respectively). Some phenylethanoid glycosides were identified from the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Abraham Gómez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Toxicología de Productos Naturales, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB-IPN), Av. Wilfrido Massieu, Esq. Con Manuel M. Stampa s/n, Colonia Planetario Lindavista, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México C.P. 07700, Mexico;
| | - Miriam V. Flores-Merino
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón s/n, Residencial Colón y Col Ciprés, Toluca C.P. 50120, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (M.V.F.-M.); (M.E.E.-Z.)
| | - Jesús Enrique Sánchez-Flores
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón s/n, Residencial Colón y Col Ciprés, Toluca C.P. 50120, Mexico;
| | - Cristina Burrola-Aguilar
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Bióticos-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca Km 14.5, San Cayetano, Toluca C.P. 50295, Mexico; (C.B.-A.); (A.N.-T.)
| | - Carmen Zepeda-Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Campus El Cerrillo, Piedras Blancas, Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca Km. 15.5, Toluca C.P. 50200, Mexico;
| | - Aurelio Nieto-Trujillo
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Bióticos-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca Km 14.5, San Cayetano, Toluca C.P. 50295, Mexico; (C.B.-A.); (A.N.-T.)
| | - María Elena Estrada-Zúñiga
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Bióticos-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca Km 14.5, San Cayetano, Toluca C.P. 50295, Mexico; (C.B.-A.); (A.N.-T.)
- Correspondence: (M.V.F.-M.); (M.E.E.-Z.)
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Frampton MB, Blais A, Raczywolski Z, Castle A, Zelisko PM. Exploring the utility of hybrid siloxane-phosphocholine (SiPC) liposomes as drug delivery vehicles. RSC Adv 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10052h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid siloxane-phosphocholines (SiPCs) are a unique class of lipids that spontaneously form unilamellar vesicles (ULVs) that are ∼100 nm in diameter upon exposure to aqueous media without the need for extrusion and can be used as delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B. Frampton
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre for Biotechnology
- Brock University
- St. Catharines
- Canada
| | - Andrea Blais
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre for Biotechnology
- Brock University
- St. Catharines
- Canada
| | - Zachary Raczywolski
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre for Biotechnology
- Brock University
- St. Catharines
- Canada
| | - Alan Castle
- Department of Biological Sciences
- Centre for Biotechnology
- Brock University
- St. Catharines
- Canada
| | - Paul M. Zelisko
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre for Biotechnology
- Brock University
- St. Catharines
- Canada
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18
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Usach I, Margarucci E, Manca ML, Caddeo C, Aroffu M, Petretto GL, Manconi M, Peris JE. Comparison between Citral and Pompia Essential Oil Loaded in Phospholipid Vesicles for the Treatment of Skin and Mucosal Infections. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10020286. [PMID: 32046201 PMCID: PMC7075235 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Citrus species extracts are well known sources of bio-functional compounds with health-promoting effects. In particular, essential oils are known for their antibacterial activity due to the high content of terpenes. In this work, the steam-distilled essential oil from the leaves of Citrus limon var. pompia was loaded in phospholipid vesicles. The physico-chemical characteristics of the essential oil loaded vesicles were compared with those of vesicles that were loaded with citral, which is one of the most abundant terpenes of Citrus essential oils. The biocompatibility of the vesicles was assessed in vitro in human keratinocytes. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of the vesicles was tested while using different bacterial strains and a yeast: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, respectively. The vesicles were small in size (~140 nm), slightly polydispersed (PI ~ 0.31), highly negatively charged (~ −73 mV), and able to incorporate high amounts of essential oil or citral (E% ~ 86%). Pompia essential oil and citral exhibited antimicrobial activity against all of the assayed microorganisms, with P. aeruginosa being the least sensitive. Citral was slightly more effective than pompia essential oil against E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans. The incorporation of citral in vesicles improved its antifungal activity against C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Usach
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. V. Andrés Estellés, s/n Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain; (I.U.); (E.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Margarucci
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. V. Andrés Estellés, s/n Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain; (I.U.); (E.M.)
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, Cagliari 09124, Italy; (M.L.M.); (C.C.); (M.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Letizia Manca
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, Cagliari 09124, Italy; (M.L.M.); (C.C.); (M.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Carla Caddeo
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, Cagliari 09124, Italy; (M.L.M.); (C.C.); (M.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Matteo Aroffu
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, Cagliari 09124, Italy; (M.L.M.); (C.C.); (M.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Giacomo L. Petretto
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy;
| | - Maria Manconi
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, Cagliari 09124, Italy; (M.L.M.); (C.C.); (M.A.); (M.M.)
| | - José-Esteban Peris
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. V. Andrés Estellés, s/n Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain; (I.U.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963-543-353; Fax: +34-963-544-911
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