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Radha A, Ahluwalia V, Rai AK, Varjani S, Awasthi MK, Sindhu R, Binod P, Saran S, Kumar V. The way forward to produce nutraceuticals from agri-food processing residues: obstacle, solution, and possibility. J Food Sci Technol 2024; 61:429-443. [PMID: 38327860 PMCID: PMC10844164 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05729-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Food matrices contain bioactive compounds that have health benefits beyond nutritional value. The bulk of bioactive chemicals are still present in agro-industrial by-products as food matrices. Throughout the food production chain, there is a lot of agro-industrial waste that, if not managed effectively, could harm the environment, company, and how nutritiously and adequately people eat. It's important to establish processes that maximise the use of agro-industrial by-products, such as biological technologies that improve the extraction and acquisition of bioactive compounds for the food and pharmaceutical industries. As opposed to nonbiological processes, biological procedures provide high-quality, bioactive extracts with minimum toxicity and environmental impact. Fermentation and enzymatic treatment are biological processes for obtaining bioactive compounds from agro-industrial waste. In this context, this article summarises the principal bioactive components in agro-industrial byproducts and the biological methods employed to extract them. In this review efficient utilization of bioactive compounds from agro-industrial waste more effectively in food and pharmaceutical industries has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Radha
- Fermentation and Microbial biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Jammu, 180001 India
- Academy of Scientifc and Innovative Research, CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Vivek Ahluwalia
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Mohali, Punjab 140 306 India
| | - Amit Kumar Rai
- Microbial Resources, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Sikkim Centre, Gangtok, India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248 007 Uttarakhand India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A& F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Department of Food Technology, T K M Institute of Technology, Kollam, Kerala 691 505 India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum, Kerala 695 019 India
| | - Saurabh Saran
- Fermentation and Microbial biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Jammu, 180001 India
- Academy of Scientifc and Innovative Research, CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Fermentation and Microbial biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Jammu, 180001 India
- Academy of Scientifc and Innovative Research, CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad, 201002 India
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Kiriyanthan RM, Radha A, Pandikumar P, Azhahianambi P, Madan N, Ignacimuthu S. Growth inhibitory effect of selected quinones from Indian medicinal plants against Theileria annulata. Exp Parasitol 2023; 254:108622. [PMID: 37758051 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Tropical Bovine Theileriosis, caused by the protozoan parasite Theileria annulata, poses a significant threat to cattle populations. Currently, Buparvaquone is the sole effective naphthoquinone drug commercially available for its treatment. In our research, we delved into the potential of naturally occurring quinones as alternative treatments. We isolated two quinones, emodin and chrysophanol, from Rheum emodi Wall, and two more, embelin and lawsone, from Embelia ribes Burm.f. and Lawsonia inermis L. respectively. We assessed the anti-Theileria efficacy of these quinones in vitro using MTT and flow cytometric assays on T. annulata-infected bovine lymphocytes. Additionally, we evaluated their safety on uninfected bovine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) and Vero cells. Emodin emerged as a promising candidate, exhibiting an IC50 value of 4 μM, surpassing that of buparvaquone. Emodin also displayed relatively low LD50 values of 1.74 mM against uninfected PBMC and 0.87 mM against Vero cells, suggesting potential safety. Remarkably, emodin demonstrated a high cell absorption rate of 71.32%. While emodin's efficacy and bioavailability are encouraging, further research is imperative to validate its safety and effectiveness for treating Tropical Bovine Theileriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Mary Kiriyanthan
- PG and Research Department of Botany, Bharathi Women's College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600108, India
| | - A Radha
- PG and Research Department of Botany, Bharathi Women's College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600108, India.
| | - Perumal Pandikumar
- Xavier Research Foundation, St Xavier's College, Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu, 627 002, India
| | - Palavesam Azhahianambi
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, 600 051, India
| | - N Madan
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, 600 051, India
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Kumar V, Radha A, Sharma V, Nekkala N, Saran S. Utilization of xylose enriched extract from spent lemongrass hydrolysate for clavulanic acid production using Streptomyces clavuligerus (MTCC 1142). Bioresour Technol 2023:129268. [PMID: 37286045 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of this study was to provide possible alternative production medium containing xylose enriched spent lemongrass hydrolysate with glycerol as a feedstock and corn gluten meal as a nitrogen source for their ability to support the cell growth of the Streptomyces clavuligerus MTCC 1142 for the production of clavulanic acid. The xylose was extracted from spent lemongrass by using 0.25% dilute nitric acid and further partial purification of acid spent hydrolysate was performed using ion exchange resin. The method was optimized using xylose enriched hydrolysate as feed stock combined with glycerol at ratio 1:1 and growing the selected strain aerobically in media at neutral pH containing 5 mM phosphate ion concentration and using corn gluten meal as a nitrogen source, fermenting at a temperature of 28-30 °C for 96 h and 0.59 g/L clavulanic acid was effectively produced. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using spent lemongrass as feedstock for the cultivation of S. clavuligerus to produce clavulanic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Fermentation and Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Anu Radha
- Fermentation and Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Varsha Sharma
- Fermentation and Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Nagaraju Nekkala
- Quality Management & Instrumentation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Jammu 180001, India
| | - Saurabh Saran
- Fermentation and Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Chellasamy G, Kiriyanthan RM, Maharajan T, Radha A, Yun K. Remediation of microplastics using bionanomaterials: A review. Environ Res 2022; 208:112724. [PMID: 35026186 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pollution by microplastics (MPs) formed by the physicochemical breakdown of plastics are a worldwide issue with long-lasting and hazardous natural effects. The natural expulsion of MPs takes several years and can be dangerous. Several effective technological innovations have been developed over the years to remediate harmful MPs. Among them, a blend of nanotechnological techniques using bionanomaterials has been investigated to a large extent. The objective of this review is to compile the MPs found in the environment and bionanomaterial-based approaches for their removal. This information is important for researchers who are exploring the adverse consequences of MPs and their remediation and developing advanced eco-friendly strategies to control and eradicate MPs in the future. The control and eradication of MPs depend on all of us; hence, the proper awareness of MPs pollution must be provided to every individual, as all of us are a part of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Chellasamy
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Theivanayagam Maharajan
- Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kalamassery, Cochin, 683 104, Kerala, India
| | - A Radha
- PG and Research Department of Botany, Bharathi Women's College, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kyusik Yun
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea.
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Buvanesvaragurunathan K, Ganesh J, Nagul Kumar S, Porchezhiyan V, Radha A, Azhahianambi P, Pandikumar P, Ignacimuthu S. In vitro growth inhibitory effect of selected 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid esters on Theileriaannulata. Exp Parasitol 2022; 236-237:108258. [PMID: 35421387 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is one of the important Pentacyclic Triterpenoids (PT) found in the roots of licorice. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro growth inhibitory effect of 18β-GA (18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid) and C-30 esters against Theileria annulata, the causative agent of Tropical Bovine Theileriosis. C-30 esters of 18β-GA were synthesized and their structures were elucidated using spectroscopy. The pharmacodynamic properties of 18β-GA and its C-30 esters were predicted using DataWarrior and Swiss ADME tools. Cattle isolates of T. annulata schizont-infected bovine lymphoblastoid cells were cultured using standard conditions and the growth inhibitory effect of GA and its esters were evaluated using MTT assay. The isopropyl ester of 18β-GA (GI50- 1.638 μM; R2- 0.818) showed improved anti-theileriosis efficacy than other 18β-GA derivatives. The propyl (GI50 - 5.549 μM), ethyl (GI50 - 5.638 μM), and benzyl (GI50 - 7.431 μM) esters also showed considerable inhibitory effect. The GI50 value for 18β-GA was recorded as 6.829 μM. This study throws light on the usefulness of 18β-GA and its esters for the treatment of Tropical Bovine Theileriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Buvanesvaragurunathan
- PG and Research Department of Botany, Bharathi Women's College, Broadway Road, George Town, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600108, India
| | - J Ganesh
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 051, India
| | - S Nagul Kumar
- PG and Research Department of Botany, Bharathi Women's College, Broadway Road, George Town, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600108, India
| | - V Porchezhiyan
- PG and Research Department of Botany, Bharathi Women's College, Broadway Road, George Town, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600108, India
| | - A Radha
- PG and Research Department of Botany, Bharathi Women's College, Broadway Road, George Town, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600108, India
| | - P Azhahianambi
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 051, India.
| | - P Pandikumar
- Xavier Research Foundation, St Xavier's College, Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu, 627 002, India.
| | - S Ignacimuthu
- Xavier Research Foundation, St Xavier's College, Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu, 627 002, India.
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Firdoos T, Kumar P, Radha A, Gomila RM, Frontera A, Sood P, Pandey SK. An insight into triel bonds in O, O′-diarylphosphorodithioates of thallium( i): experimental and theoretical investigations. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04852j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Two new thallium(i) compounds have been synthesized and structurally characterized. The existence of triel bonds in these compounds has been confirmed by HSA and DFT calculations using QTAIM and NCI plot index methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahira Firdoos
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, Baba Saheb Ambedkar Road, Jammu Tawi-180006, J&K, India
| | - Pretam Kumar
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, Baba Saheb Ambedkar Road, Jammu Tawi-180006, J&K, India
| | - Anu Radha
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, Baba Saheb Ambedkar Road, Jammu Tawi-180006, J&K, India
| | - Rosa M. Gomila
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca (Baleares), Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca (Baleares), Spain
| | - Puneet Sood
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology, Block-A2 Building, Kamand Campus, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh-175005, India
| | - Sushil K. Pandey
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, Baba Saheb Ambedkar Road, Jammu Tawi-180006, J&K, India
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Nagul Kumar S, Buvanesvaragurunathan K, Govindaraj R, Rajan S, Balakrishna K, Shirota O, Radha A, Perumal P, Ignacimuthu S. Hepatoprotective constituents from Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge. Int J Med Mushrooms 2022; 24:35-47. [DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2022045329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kumar P, Banerjee S, Radha A, Firdoos T, Sahoo SC, Pandey SK. Role of non-covalent interactions in the supramolecular architectures of mercury(ii) diphenyldithiophosphates: An experimental and theoretical investigation. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05709f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The H-bond, spodium bond and CH⋯π interactions playing an important role in the supramolecular organization of two mercury(ii) diphenyldithiophosphate complexes have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pretam Kumar
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry
- University of Jammu
- Jammu Tawi-180006
- India
| | - Snehasis Banerjee
- Govt. College of Engineering and Leather Technology
- Kolkata-700106
- India
| | - Anu Radha
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry
- University of Jammu
- Jammu Tawi-180006
- India
| | - Tahira Firdoos
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry
- University of Jammu
- Jammu Tawi-180006
- India
| | - Subash Chandra Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh-160014
- India
| | - Sushil K. Pandey
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry
- University of Jammu
- Jammu Tawi-180006
- India
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Sharma D, Radha A, Kumar P, Kumar S, Jassal AK, Lata S, Vikas, Pandey SK. N-donor stabilized complexes of nickel(II) diphenyldithiophosphates: single-crystal X-ray, HSA and computational analysis. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-020-00411-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Radha A, Sharma D, Kumar P, Sood P, Rani N, Vikas, Kumar Pandey S. Arsenic(III) complexes of substituted diphenyldithiophosphate: synthesis, characterization, single crystal X-ray, DFT, and Hirshfeld surface analysis. J COORD CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2020.1735001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anu Radha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Deepika Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Pretam Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Puneet Sood
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, Himachal, Pradesh, India
| | - Namrata Rani
- Quantum Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vikas
- Quantum Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Radha A, Kumar S, Sharma D, Jassal AK, Zaręba JK, Franconetti A, Frontera A, Sood P, Pandey SK. Indirect influence of alkyl substituent on sigma-hole interactions: The case study of antimony(III) diphenyldithiophosphates with covalent Sb-S and non-covalent Sb⋯S pnictogen bonds. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.114126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kumar S, Radha A, Kour M, Kumar R, Chouaih A, Pandey SK. DFT studies of disubstituted diphenyldithiophosphates of nickel(II): Structural and some spectral parameters. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.02.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Bhagat SK, Kannan S, Babu MRR, Murugan kanagasabapathy T, Kumar Jain M, Ramesh C, Radha A. Soft Tissue Changes Following Combined Anterior Segmental Bimaxillary Orthognathic Procedures. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2019; 18:93-99. [PMID: 30728699 PMCID: PMC6328814 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-018-1099-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS & OBJECTIVES To analyze the soft tissue response in patients treated by combined anterior segmental bimaxillary procedures. METHODS A Prospective, observational and analytical study was carried out for a period of 2 years involving 37 patients with predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria; lateral cephalograms were taken by the same operator on the standardized unit immediately before and 6 months after surgery; hard and soft tissue landmarks were measured in millimeters to both horizontal and vertical reference lines; any differences in distances were recorded as a surgical change; appropriate statistical test was carried; level of significance was p < 0.05. RESULTS All patients underwent anterior maxillary osteotomy with 34 anterior mandibular osteotomies, 2 advancement genioplasties and 1 reduction genioplasty. Analysis showed significant angular, horizontal and vertical change. The significant differences in skeletal variables were observed in N-Pg distance, overjet, overbite, U1-NF angle, L1-Mp angle and soft tissue variables like labiomental angle, upper-lower lip protrusion, upper-lower lip length and lower incisor to labrale inferius distance. Nasolabial angle, interlabial gap and upper incisor exposure were extremely significant. CONCLUSION Soft tissue response to surgery is perhaps more predictable after 6 months, so this may be a treatment modality of choice in adult bimaxillary/dentoalveolar protrusion patients who need instant esthetic facial results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Bhagat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mahatma Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences Gorimedu, Pondicherry, India
- Face Max Dental and Maxillofacial Centre, 25/2 Trikuta Nager, Jammu Tawi, 180012 India
| | - Sankar Kannan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mahatma Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences Gorimedu, Pondicherry, India
| | - M. R. Ramesh Babu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mahatma Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences Gorimedu, Pondicherry, India
| | - Thiru Murugan kanagasabapathy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mahatma Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences Gorimedu, Pondicherry, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Jain
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mahatma Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences Gorimedu, Pondicherry, India
| | - C. Ramesh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mahatma Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences Gorimedu, Pondicherry, India
| | - Anu Radha
- Clinical Psychology, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
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Magudapathi C, Nithya J, Mohanraj R, Sivanesan B, Radha A. Krukenberg Tumor in Pregnancy. Indian J Gynecol Oncolog 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40944-017-0161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Vinayaga Moorthi P, Balasubramanian C, Selvarani S, Radha A. Efficacy of sub lethal concentration of entomopathogenic fungi on the feeding and reproduction of Spodoptera litura. Springerplus 2015; 4:681. [PMID: 26558183 PMCID: PMC4636509 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present investigation, impact of sub lethal concentrations of entomopathogenic fungi, namely Isaria fumosorosea, Beauveria bassiana and Paecilomyces variotii, secondary metabolite on feeding, growth, fecundity and hatchability of Spodoptera litura was performed. The S. litura treated with I. fumosorosea and B. bassiana metabolites exhibited renounced food consumption. The growth rate of treated S. litura with metabolite of I. fumosorosea had drastic reduction. In the case of approximate digestibility (AD), maximum impact was established by the I. fumosorosea isolate, which significantly reduced the approximate digestibility of the IV and V instar larvae. The III instar larvae of S. litura treated with I. fumosorosea metabolite showed significantly lower efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) and efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) values than IV and V instars. However the performance of metabolites on fecundity and hatchability of S. litura was immense. Therefore, metabolites of I. fumosorosea could be reliable biocontrol agent, which has been highly recommended for S. litura management in commercial crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vinayaga Moorthi
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Thiagarajar College (Autonomous), Madurai, 625 009 Tamil Nadu India
| | - C Balasubramanian
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Thiagarajar College (Autonomous), Madurai, 625 009 Tamil Nadu India
| | - S Selvarani
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Thiagarajar College (Autonomous), Madurai, 625 009 Tamil Nadu India
| | - A Radha
- Kunthavai Nacchiyar Government Arts College for Women (Autonomous), Thanjavur, India
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Faisal K, Periasamy VS, Sahabudeen S, Radha A, Anandhi R, Akbarsha MA. Spermatotoxic effect of aflatoxin B1 in rat: extrusion of outer dense fibres and associated axonemal microtubule doublets of sperm flagellum. Reproduction 2008; 135:303-10. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-07-0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Male Wistar rats were treated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Live as well as methanol-fixed cauda epididymal spermatozoa were stained with acridine orange (AO) and ethidium bromide (EB) and observed under a fluorescence microscope. Giemsa-stained smears were observed in a bright field microscope. Unstained smears were observed with phase contrast illumination. The axoneme of more than 10% of the spermatozoa of treated rats had the outer dense fibres (ODFs), in varying numbers, and the associated axonemal microtubule doublets of the flagellum extruded either at midpiece–principal piece junction or connecting piece. This could be perceived in all light microscopic preparations, but AO–EB staining offered an advantage of the assessment of the viability as well. TEM observation of sections of the testis and cauda epididymidis also revealed ODF extrusion, as seen in the transverse sections of sperm flagella missing one or more ODFs and the associated axonemal microtubule doublets. In a few such sections, the extruded elements were seen in the cytoplasm, outside the mitochondrial sheath or peripheral sheath. Marginal to severe mitochondrial pathologies were observed in the spermatozoa and elongated spermatids, suggesting a link between AFB1-induced sperm mitochondrial pathology and extrusion of ODFs. However, the possibility that AFB1 treatment would disrupt the cytoskeletal proteins of the flagellum, resulting in the extrusion of ODFs, cannot be excluded. This sperm abnormality is reported for the first time as produced by a dietary toxin. Dietary aflatoxins, therefore, could also be contributory factors for the deterioration of the reproductive health of men.
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Bandyopadhyaya A, Sangeetha N, Radha A, Maitra U. Synthesis of both enantiomers of 1-phenylethane-1,2-diol via chirality transfer from bile acid derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(00)00338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kumar V, Radha A, Kumar Chitta S. In vitro plant regeneration of fig (Ficus carica L. cv. gular) using apical buds from mature trees. Plant Cell Rep 1998; 17:717-720. [PMID: 30736531 DOI: 10.1007/s002990050471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A reliable procedure for multiple-shoot induction and plantlet regeneration was developed with apical buds collected from 7- to 8-year-old trees of Ficus carica L. using Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.2 mg/l 1-naphthaleneacetic acid. The in-vitro-regenerated shoots were further multiplied on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.2 mg/l 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and an average multiplication rate of four per subculture was established with 90% success. Excised shoots were rooted in liquid half strength MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid and 0.2% activated charcoal. Regenerated plantlets were successfully established in soil, with a success rate of 68%.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur-515 003, India Fax no.: +91-08554-32432, , , , , , IN
| | - A Radha
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur-515 003, India Fax no.: +91-08554-32432, , , , , , IN
| | - S Kumar Chitta
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur-515 003, India Fax no.: +91-08554-32432, , , , , , IN
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Abstract
X-ray diffraction analysis of poly d(AI).poly d(CT) in oriented and polycrystalline fibers has revealed the DNA structure to be a 10-fold, right-handed, antiparallel, Watson-Crick base paired double helix in two distinct packing arrangements corresponding to one and two helices, respectively, in the unit cell. The helix pitch is 32.1 A and 32.4 A in the two cases, almost 1.5 A shorter than in classical B-DNA. The resulting B'-DNA geometry, described in terms of a tetranucleotide repeat which is conformationally similar to B-DNA, has its minor groove closely shut and major groove correspondingly widened, thus striking a sharp morphological contrast to B-DNA. According to difference electron density maps, a spine of hydration along the minor groove connects both strands and provides structural stability; ordered sodium ions and water molecules are actively involved in bridging the phosphate groups of neighboring helices. The crystallographic R-values for these two allomorphs are 0.26 and 0.20, respectively, for data up to 3.0 A resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chandrasekaran
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Abstract
Fibers prepared from the enzymically debranched plant polysaccharide arabinan, containing (1-->5)-linked alpha-L-arabinofuranose residues, produce X-ray diffraction patterns containing concentric rings indicative of a high degree of structural organization. The measured unit cell dimensions and fiber density are consistent with a 2-fold helix passing through each unit cell. According to model-building techniques and energy calculations, a total of seven molecular structures (three with C2'-endo and four with C3'-endo sugars), all of pitch 8.74 A, and hence seven different crystal-packing arrangements are the most probable. While intrachain hydrogen bonds are only present in three cases, interhelix association is facilitated by hydrogen bonds in all allomorphs. Small energy differences between them suggest that easy conformational transitions may be made from one form to another. This polymorphism and the tendency to form microcrystals in the solid state might confer upon arabinan the observed fat mimetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Radha
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1160, USA
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Chandrasekaran R, Radha A, Park HS. Sodium ions and water molecules in the structure of poly(dA)·poly(dT). Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 1995; 51:1025-35. [PMID: 15299771 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444995001880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of X-ray diffraction data from a polycrystalline and well oriented fiber of the sodium salt of poly(dA).poly(dT) shows that this B'-DNA corresponds to a right-handed antiparallel tenfold double-helix of pitch 32.4 A, with C2'-endo furanose rings in both strands. The helix contrasts itself from B-DNA in terms of a very narrow minor groove. Difference electron-density maps have revealed that a continuous spine of water molecules, two per base pair, propagates along this groove with the same symmetry as the DNA and establishes new links between the two strands. In addition to this hydrated DNA helix, the monoclinic unit cell (space group P2(1)) accommodates about 20 sodium ions and 12 water molecules in the vicinity of phosphate groups. These structured guest molecules provide an intricate network of bridges, ranging in size from a single sodium ion to a multiple sodium-water-water-sodium unit, connecting phosphate groups belonging to adjacent DNA helices. The crystallographic R value for this structure is 0.23 for a total of 102 reflections extending out to 3.2 A resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chandrasekaran
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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23
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Abstract
X-ray diffraction data from well oriented and polycrystalline fibers of the lithium salt of poly d(AATT).poly d(AATT) are isomorphous with those from B-DNA. The double-helix consists of conformationally identical antiparallel strands and the molecular symmetry is 2 5(2); the asymmetric unit is a tetranucleotide, AATT, and 5 tetranucleotides span two turns per strand. Two double helices pass through a monoclinic unit cell of dimensions a = 31.05, b = 22.62, c = 33.85 A (fiber axis) and gamma = 90 degrees. In each repeating motif, the four nucleotides have distinct conformations, TpA displays an axial P-O bond and there is shortening of minor groove in the central region.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chandrasekaran
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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Abstract
Welan is the first branched polymer in the gellan family of polysaccharides whose three-dimensional structure has been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis of polycrystalline and well oriented fibers of the calcium salt. The molecule exists as a half-staggered, parallel, double-helix, similar to that of gellan. The side chains fold back on the main chain to form hydrogen bonds with the carboxylate groups. This shielding enhances the stability of the double-helix. Three molecules are organized in a trigonal unit cell of dimensions a = 20.83 and c = 28.69 A with a lateral separation of 12.0 A in each pair; this is 2.9 A larger than in gellan. The double helices are in contact with each other through calcium ions and water molecules via COO-...Ca2+...COO- and COO-...W...Ca2+...COO- interactions, and through side chain-side chain hydrogen bonds. These structural features enable us not only to explain how the side chains in welan are responsible for the enhanced molecular stability relative to gellan, but also to show how essential they are for the associative properties which control the rheology of the polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chandrasekaran
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1160
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Abstract
On the basis of the x-ray data from polycrystalline and well oriented fibers of the sodium salt of poly d(A).poly d(T) (Arnott et al, Nucl. Acids Res. 11, 4141-4155 (1983), a revised B'-DNA model incorporating B-like adenine and thymine strands is shown to give a much better x-ray agreement (R = 0.25) than the previously assigned model consisting of mixed sugar conformations in the two strands. The narrowing of the minor and the widening of the major grooves are promiscuous features of B'-DNA, which are common to all poly d(purine).poly d(pyrimidine) duplexes with two hydrogen bonded base-pairs and are in marked contrast with classical B-DNA. Due to modest propeller (-15 degrees), the cross strand diagonal hydrogen bonds (0.37 nm) in this duplex are not as strong as those in A,T-rich oligonucleotide crystal structures.
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Abstract
Native gellan, the natural form of the polysaccharide excreted by the bacterium Pseudomonas elodea, has a tetrasaccharide repeating unit that contains L-glycerol and acetate ester groups, and forms only weak and elastic gels. Based on X-ray diffraction data from well oriented and polycrystalline fibers of its potassium salt, the crystal structure of native gellan, including ions and water, has been determined and refined to a final R-value of 0.17. The molecule forms of a half-staggered, parallel, double helix of pitch 5.68 nm which is stabilized by hydrogen bonds involving the hydroxymethyl groups in one chain and both carboxylate and glyceryl groups in other. Two molecules are packed in an antiparallel fashion in a trigonal unit cell of side a = 1.65 nm. Although the gross molecular morphology and packing arrangements are isomorphous with those observed in the crystal structure of potassium gellan, which is devoid of any substitutions, native gellan exhibits exceptional changes in its ion binding characteristics with respect to gellan. In particular, the L-glyceryl groups do not allow the gellan-like coordinated interactions of the ions and the carbohydrate groups, within and between double helices, which are necessary for strong gelation. These results at the molecular level explain, for the first time, the differences in the behavior of the polymer with and without substitutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chandrasekaran
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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Pervaiz S, Jones WK, Yadow S, Radha A, Ramanathan TR, Alvarez M, Zaias N. A new method of quantitating damage to the hair shaft: its application to ultraviolet- and radio frequency-treated hair. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1991; 642:491-2. [PMID: 1725584 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb24428.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Pervaiz
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Mount Sinai Division, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida 33101
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Ganesh V, Radha A, Seshasayee M, Subrahmaniyan T, Aravamudan G. Structure of poly[-μ-(2,2'-dithiodibenzoato-O1,O2:O3:O4)-hexamethylenetetraminiocobalt(II)-]. Acta Crystallogr C 1990. [DOI: 10.1107/s010827018900987x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Abstract
The crystalline beta-form of the sodium salt of poly d(A).poly d(U) trapped in oriented fibers forms a Watson-Crick base-paired, 10(1) double-helix of pitch 3.2 nm. Two molecules are present in a monoclinic unit cell apparently isomorphous with beta-poly d(A).poly d(T). The two chains in each molecule both carry C2'-endo puckered furanose rings but are conformationally not identical. The orientations of the A:U base-pairs relative to the helix-axis are distinctly different from those in classical B-DNA and the overall morphology of the duplex in which they reside resembles that of the alpha-forms of poly (purine).poly (pyrimidine) DNA duplexes previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chandrasekaran
- Whistler Center, Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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Radha A, Seshasayee M, Aravamudan G. Structures of bis(piperidine-1-dithiocarbamato)nickel(II) and bis(piperidine-1-dithiocarbamato)copper(II). Acta Crystallogr C 1988. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270188003865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Radha A, Seshasayee M, Kuppusamy P. Structure of bis[1,2-bis(diphenylphosphinoethylene)]iodocobalt(II) tetraphenylborate. Acta Crystallogr C 1988. [DOI: 10.1107/s010827018800215x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Radha A, Seshasayee M, Radha K, Aravamudan G, Subramanyam C. Structure of bis[N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dithiocarbamato]copper(II), [Cu(C5H10NO2S2)2]. Acta Crystallogr C 1985. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270185007004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Radha A, Seshasayee M, Ramalingam K, Aravamudan G. Structure of (N,N'-o-phenylene-disalicylideneaminato)nickel(II), [Ni(C20H14N2O2)]. Acta Crystallogr C 1985. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270185007016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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36
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Mahadevan C, Seshasayee M, Radha A, Manoharan PT. Structure of bis(tetraethylammonium) bis[dimercaptomaleodinitrilato(2–)-S,S']nickelate(II), [N(C2H5)4]2[Ni(C4N2S2)2]. Acta Crystallogr C 1984. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270184010519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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