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Kang H, Fan T, Lin Z, Shi Y, Xie X, Li L, Xiang S, Yuan X, Li X, Li B, Chai A. Development of chitosan/carrageenan macrobeads for encapsulation of Paenibacillus polymyxa and its biocontrol efficiency against clubroot disease in Brassica crops. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130323. [PMID: 38387628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Clubroot, caused by the obligate parasite Plasmodiophora brassicae, is one of the most important diseases of brassicas. The antagonistic bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa ZF129 can suppress clubroot while its effectiveness is often unstable. To control clubroot more effectively, the macrobeads for controlled release of ZF129 were prepared using microencapsulation technology. Macrobeads with various ratios of chitosan (2 % w/w): carrageenan (0.3 % w/v) were prepared by an ionotropic gelation method and the bacteria ZF129 was loaded into macrobeads. The 1:1 chitosan: carrageenan showed the maximum swelling ratio (634 %), and the maximum survival rate (61.52 ± 1.12 %) after freeze-drying. Fourier transform infrared revealed the electrostatic interactions between chitosan and carrageenan. The macrobeads can efficiently release ZF129 strains into phosphate buffer solution and reach equilibrium in 48 h. The maximum number of bacteria cells to be released in the soil was observed after 25-30 days. The control efficacy of ZF129 macrobeads (chitosan: carrageenan, 1:1) and ZF129 culture against clubroot disease was 76.33 ± 3.65 % and 59.76 ± 4.43 % in greenhouse experiments, respectively and the control efficacy was calculated as 60.74 ± 5.00 % for ZF129 macrobeads and 40.94 ± 4.05 % for ZF129 culture under field experiments, respectively. The ZF129 macrobeads had significant growth-promoting effects on pak choi and Chinese cabbage. The encapsulation method described in this study is a prudent approach toward efficient biopesticides utilization with reduced environmental implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Tengfei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zihan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanxia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuewen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Sheng Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaowei Yuan
- Huasheng Seed Group Co., LTD, Qingzhou 262500, China
| | - Xingsheng Li
- Huasheng Seed Group Co., LTD, Qingzhou 262500, China
| | - Baoju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Ali Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Lotfalinezhad E, Taheri A, Razavi SE, Sanei SJ. Preparation and assessment of alginate-microencapsulated Trichoderma harzianum for controlling Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Rhizoctonia solani on tomato. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129278. [PMID: 38211905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop microencapsulation technology using alginate to improve the viability and performance of Trichoderma harzianum. The method of ionic gelation was used to prepare the microparticles, and the efficiency of encapsulation was estimated to be 99%. The average size of the prepared microspheres was 2600 μm (wet) and 1000 μm (dry). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the microspheres were approximately spherical. Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer analysis indicated an interaction between T. harzianum and the microspheres. The results of temperature resistance and light stability against ultraviolet radiation emphasized the positive impact of microencapsulation in improving the viability and resistance of T. harzianum compared to the non-microencapsulated state. The disease percentage of Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in plants treated with microencapsulated T. harzianum microcapsules was 8.88 % and 20 % respectively, but in the control group was 73.33 % (p ≤ 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Lotfalinezhad
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Abdolhossein Taheri
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Razavi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Seyed Javad Sanei
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
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Friuli M, Pellegrino R, Lamanna L, Nitti P, Madaghiele M, Demitri C. Materials Engineering to Help Pest Control: A Narrative Overview of Biopolymer-Based Entomopathogenic Fungi Formulations. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:918. [PMID: 37755026 PMCID: PMC10532551 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Biopolymer-based formulations show great promise in enhancing the effectiveness of entomopathogenic fungi as bioinsecticides. Chitosan and starch, among other biopolymers, have been utilized to improve spore delivery, persistence, and adherence to target insects. These formulations offer advantages such as target specificity, eco-friendliness, and sustainability. However, challenges related to production costs, stability, and shelf life need to be addressed. Recently, biomimetic lure and kill approaches based on biopolymers offer cost-effective solutions by leveraging natural attractants. Further research is needed to optimize these formulations and overcome challenges. Biopolymer-based formulations have the potential to revolutionize pest control practices, providing environmentally friendly and sustainable solutions for agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Friuli
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (R.P.); (L.L.); (P.N.); (M.M.); (C.D.)
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Martinez Y, Ribera J, Schwarze FWMR, De France K. Biotechnological development of Trichoderma-based formulations for biological control. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:5595-5612. [PMID: 37477696 PMCID: PMC10439859 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12687-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma spp. are a genus of well-known fungi that promote healthy growth and modulate different functions in plants, as well as protect against various plant pathogens. The application of Trichoderma and its propagules as a biological control method can therefore help to reduce the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture. This review critically discusses and analyzes groundbreaking innovations over the past few decades of biotechnological approaches to prepare active formulations containing Trichoderma. The use of various carrier substances is covered, emphasizing their effects on enhancing the shelf life, viability, and efficacy of the final product formulation. Furthermore, the use of processing techniques such as freeze drying, fluidized bed drying, and spray drying are highlighted, enabling the development of stable, light-weight formulations. Finally, promising microencapsulation techniques for maximizing the performance of Trichoderma spp. during application processes are discussed, leading to the next-generation of multi-functional biological control formulations. KEY POINTS: • The development of carrier substances to encapsulate Trichoderma propagules is highlighted. • Advances in biotechnological processes to prepare Trichoderma-containing formulations are critically discussed. • Current challenges and future outlook of Trichoderma-based formulations in the context of biological control are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Martinez
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Javier Ribera
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Francis W M R Schwarze
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Kevin De France
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
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Baldiviezo LV, Nieva LB, Pedrini N, Cardozo RM. Microencapsulation of a Native Strain of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana and Bioinsecticide Activity against Pyrethroid-Resistant Triatoma infestans to Vector Control of Chagas Disease in the Argentine Gran Chaco Region. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8050245. [PMID: 37235293 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8050245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-sucking bug Triatoma infestans is the main Chagas disease vector in the Southern Cone of Latin America. Populations resistant to pyrethroid insecticides have been detected in the early 2000s and then expanded to the endemic area of northern Salta province, Argentina. In this context, the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana has been shown to be pathogenic to pyrethroid-resistant T. infestans. In this study, both the bioinsecticidal activity and the residual effect of an alginate-based microencapsulation of a native strain of B. bassiana (Bb-C001) were tested under semi-field conditions against pyrethroid-resistant T. infestans nymphs. Fungal microencapsulated formulation caused higher nymph mortality than the unmicroencapsulated fungus and contributed to maintaining the conidial viability throughout the period evaluated under the tested conditions. These results suggest that alginate microencapsulation is an effective, simple, low-cost method that could be incorporated into the formulation of a bioinsecticide as a strategy to reduce the vector transmission of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Vanesa Baldiviezo
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
- Ministerio de Salud Pública de la Provincia de Salta (MSPS), Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Lucía Beatriz Nieva
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Pedrini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), CCT La Plata Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Calles 60 y 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Rubén Marino Cardozo
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
- Ministerio de Salud Pública de la Provincia de Salta (MSPS), Salta 4400, Argentina
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Production of microsclerotia by Trichoderma asperellum through submerged liquid fermentation using low-cost nitrogen and carbon sources. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Martínez-Cano B, Mendoza-Meneses CJ, García-Trejo JF, Macías-Bobadilla G, Aguirre-Becerra H, Soto-Zarazúa GM, Feregrino-Pérez AA. Review and Perspectives of the Use of Alginate as a Polymer Matrix for Microorganisms Applied in Agro-Industry. Molecules 2022; 27:4248. [PMID: 35807492 PMCID: PMC9268634 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate is a polysaccharide with the property of forming hydrogels, which is economic production, zero toxicity, and biocompatibility. In the agro-industry, alginate is used as a super absorbent polymer, coating seeds, fruits, and vegetables and as a carrier of bacteria and fungi as plant-growth promoters and biocontrol. The latter has a high impact on agriculture since the implementation of microorganisms in a polymer matrix improves soil quality; plant nutrition, and is functional as a preventive measure for the appearance of phytopathogenic. Additionally, it minimizes losses of foods due to wrong post-harvest handling. In this review, we provide an overview of physicochemical properties of alginate, some methods for preparation and modification of capsules and coatings, to finally describe its application in agro-industry as a matrix of plant-growth-promoting microorganisms, its effectiveness in cultivation and post-harvest, and its effect on the environment, as well as the prospects for future agro-industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsie Martínez-Cano
- Faculty of Engineering, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Campus Amazcala, El Marques 76265, Mexico; (B.M.-C.); (C.J.M.-M.); (J.F.G.-T.); (H.A.-B.)
| | - Cristian Josué Mendoza-Meneses
- Faculty of Engineering, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Campus Amazcala, El Marques 76265, Mexico; (B.M.-C.); (C.J.M.-M.); (J.F.G.-T.); (H.A.-B.)
| | - Juan Fernando García-Trejo
- Faculty of Engineering, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Campus Amazcala, El Marques 76265, Mexico; (B.M.-C.); (C.J.M.-M.); (J.F.G.-T.); (H.A.-B.)
| | - Gonzalo Macías-Bobadilla
- Faculty of Engineering, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Cerro de las Campanas, El Marques 76010, Mexico;
| | - Humberto Aguirre-Becerra
- Faculty of Engineering, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Campus Amazcala, El Marques 76265, Mexico; (B.M.-C.); (C.J.M.-M.); (J.F.G.-T.); (H.A.-B.)
| | - Genaro Martín Soto-Zarazúa
- Faculty of Engineering, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Campus Amazcala, El Marques 76265, Mexico; (B.M.-C.); (C.J.M.-M.); (J.F.G.-T.); (H.A.-B.)
| | - Ana Angélica Feregrino-Pérez
- Faculty of Engineering, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Campus Amazcala, El Marques 76265, Mexico; (B.M.-C.); (C.J.M.-M.); (J.F.G.-T.); (H.A.-B.)
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Clays as Vehicles for Drug Photostability. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040796. [PMID: 35456630 PMCID: PMC9032270 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Clay minerals are often used due to their high adsorption capacity, which has sparked interest in their biological applications to stabilize drugs and pharmaceutical products. This research aims to summarize information about the stability of drugs, cosmetics, dermocosmetics, and pharmaceutical compounds incorporated in the structure of different clay minerals. The databases used to search the articles were Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct. Photostabilization of these compounds is reviewed and its importance demonstrated. For biological applications, the increase in solubility and bioavailability of clay minerals has proven useful for them as drug carriers. While their natural abundance, low toxicity, and accessible cost have contributed to classical applications of clay minerals, a wide range of interesting new applications may be facilitated, mainly through incorporating different organic molecules. The search for new functional materials is promising to challenge research on clay minerals in biological or biotechnological approaches.
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Khruengsai S, Pripdeevech P, D'Souza PE, Panuwet P. Biofumigation activities of volatile compounds from two Trichoderma afroharzianum strains against Fusarium infections in fresh chilies. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:5861-5871. [PMID: 33788973 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two Fusarium fungi, F. oxysporum and F. proliferatum, have been recognized as major pathogenic fungi that cause postharvest decay of chili fruits. Ozone and some toxic chemicals are used to control pathogenic infections, leading to longer storage lives of agricultural commodities. However, these chemicals may pose some risks to the applicators and the environment. Therefore, alternative, easy-to-use fumigants for effective control of Fusarium infections in harvested fresh chilies are needed. RESULTS Two endophytic fungi, Trichoderma afroharzianum strain MFLUCC19-0090 and T. afroharzianum strain MFLUCC19-0091, were isolated from Schefflera leucantha leaves. Their volatile compounds were investigated for antifungal activities against F. oxysporum and F. proliferatum. In vitro results showed that the volatile compounds produced by each strain inhibited pathogen growth. Additionally, the Trichoderma-derived volatile compounds significantly reduced Fusarium-related disease severity and incidence percentages in the inoculated fresh chilies. Antifungal properties of the volatile compounds were found to be specific to the species of the tested pathogens (MFLUCC19-0090 greatly suppressed F. oxysporum and MFLUCC19-0091 greatly suppressed F. proliferatum). Seventy-three volatile compounds were detected from both strains. Among the major volatile compounds detected, phenyl ethyl alcohol was found to possess the strongest antifungal activity against both pathogens. CONCLUSION These Trichoderma-derived volatile compounds may be used as alternative fumigants for controlling Fusarium rot in harvested fresh chilies. The successful use of volatile compounds as biofumigants can prevent significant market losses and, more importantly, may reduce the health hazards caused by Fusarium-associated mycotoxin exposures among consumers. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patcharee Pripdeevech
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS), Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Priya E D'Souza
- Laboratory of Exposure Assessment and Development for Environmental Research (LEADER), Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Parinya Panuwet
- Laboratory of Exposure Assessment and Development for Environmental Research (LEADER), Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Yang Y, Fang B, Feng S, Wang Z, Luo Z, Yao Z, Zou H, Huang L. Isolation and Identification of Trichoderma asperellum, the Novel Causal Agent of Green Mold Disease in Sweetpotato. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:1711-1718. [PMID: 33373292 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-20-1484-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest disease is an important limiting factor for sweetpotato production. Recently, a new green mold disease was found in sweetpotato storage roots. To investigate the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of the disease, the pathogen was isolated and identified based on morphological and molecular features, and its characteristics were further analyzed by pathogenic and antagonistic evaluations. The results showed that the isolated pathogen (CRI-Ta1) was identified as Trichoderma asperellum based on the similar growth and morphological features with Trichoderma spp., 99% homology of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence, and membership to the same phylogenetic group with the model strain of T. asperellum (CBS 433.97). The pathogenic analysis revealed that CRI-Ta1 could cause green mold disease through wound infection on the storage roots and the strains reisolated from infected storage roots could cause disease in different sweetpotato varieties, which was fulfilled in Koch's postulate. Moreover, CRI-Ta1 could also infect other common crop species, including chestnut, carrot, apple, pear, and others. It indicated that CRI-Ta1 was the pathogen to the storage roots of sweetpotato and had a wide host range. Additionally, in vitro antagonistic evaluation showed that CRI-Ta1 effectively inhibited the growth of common sweetpotato pathogens, including Fusarium solani and Rhizopus nigricans. However, further research is needed on the potential of CRI-Ta1 to control sweetpotato diseases in vivo. Collectively, our findings provided valuable insights into the characteristics of the T. asperellum CRI-Ta1 in sweetpotato and would be helpful to the prevention and control of sweetpotato green mold disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Boping Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shujie Feng
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhangying Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhongxia Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhufang Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hongda Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lifei Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Tailoring Alginate/Chitosan Microparticles Loaded with Chemical and Biological Agents for Agricultural Application and Production of Value-Added Foods. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11094061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This work reviews the recent development of biopolymer-based delivery systems for agricultural application. Encapsulation into biopolymer microparticles ensures the protection and targeted delivery of active agents while offering controlled release with higher efficiency and environmental safety for ecological and sustainable plant production. Encapsulation of biological agents provides protection and increases its survivability while providing an environment safe for growth. The application of microparticles loaded with chemical and biological agents presents an innovative way to stimulate plant metabolites synthesis. This enhances plants’ defense against pests and pathogens and results in the production of higher quality food (i.e., higher plant metabolites share). Ionic gelation was presented as a sustainable method in developing biopolymeric microparticles based on the next-generation biopolymers alginate and chitosan. Furthermore, this review highlights the advantages and disadvantages of advanced formulations against conventional ones. The significance of plant metabolites stimulation and their importance in functional food production is also pointed out. This review offers guidelines in developing biopolymeric microparticles loaded with chemical and biological agents and guidelines for the application in plant production, underlining its effect on the plant metabolites synthesis.
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Mitter EK, Tosi M, Obregón D, Dunfield KE, Germida JJ. Rethinking Crop Nutrition in Times of Modern Microbiology: Innovative Biofertilizer Technologies. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.606815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Global population growth poses a threat to food security in an era of increased ecosystem degradation, climate change, soil erosion, and biodiversity loss. In this context, harnessing naturally-occurring processes such as those provided by soil and plant-associated microorganisms presents a promising strategy to reduce dependency on agrochemicals. Biofertilizers are living microbes that enhance plant nutrition by either by mobilizing or increasing nutrient availability in soils. Various microbial taxa including beneficial bacteria and fungi are currently used as biofertilizers, as they successfully colonize the rhizosphere, rhizoplane or root interior. Despite their great potential to improve soil fertility, biofertilizers have yet to replace conventional chemical fertilizers in commercial agriculture. In the last 10 years, multi-omics studies have made a significant step forward in understanding the drivers, roles, processes, and mechanisms in the plant microbiome. However, translating this knowledge on microbiome functions in order to capitalize on plant nutrition in agroecosystems still remains a challenge. Here, we address the key factors limiting successful field applications of biofertilizers and suggest potential solutions based on emerging strategies for product development. Finally, we discuss the importance of biosafety guidelines and propose new avenues of research for biofertilizer development.
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de Rezende LC, de Andrade Carvalho AL, Costa LB, de Almeida Halfeld-Vieira B, Silva LG, Pinto ZV, Morandi MAB, de Medeiros FHV, Mascarin GM, Bettiol W. Optimizing mass production of Trichoderma asperelloides by submerged liquid fermentation and its antagonism against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:113. [PMID: 32656684 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02882-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Commercial products based on Trichoderma are obtained mainly from solid-state fermentation. Submerged liquid fermentation is the most appropriate method compared to the solid medium for large-scale production of Trichoderma spp. The present study aimed to optimize the combination of key variables that influence the liquid fermentation process of Trichoderma asperelloides LQC-96 for conidial production coupled with its efficiency in the control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. In addition, we verified whether the optimized culture conditions can be used for the conidial production of Trichoderma erinaceum T-12 and T-18 and Trichoderma harzianum T-15. Fermentation studies were performed in shake flasks following a planned experimental design to reduce the number of tests and consumable costs. The effect of temperature, pH, photoperiod, carbon:nitrogen ratio and water activity on conidial production were assessed, which of pH was the only meaningful factor contributing to increased conidial production of T. asperelloides LQC-96. From the five variables studied initially, pH and C:N ratio were further used in the second design (rotational central composite design-RCCD). Hence, the best conditions for the production of T. asperelloides LQC-96 conidia by liquid fermentation consisted of initial pH of 3.5, C:N ratio of 200:1 at 30 °C, without glycerol, and under 24 h photoperiod. The highest conidial concentration was observed after seven days of fermentation. Under these optimal conditions, T. erinaceum T-12 and T-18, and T. harzianum T-15 were also cultivated, but only LQC-96 efficiently parasitized S. sclerotiorum, precluding sclerotium myceliogenic germination. Our findings propose optimal fermentation conditions that maximize conidial production of T. asperelloides as a potential biofungicide against S. sclerotiorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Castro de Rezende
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, CP 3027, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil
| | | | - Lúcio Bertoldo Costa
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, 18, Botucatu, SP, 610-307, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Guedes Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, 18, Botucatu, SP, 610-307, Brazil
| | - Zayame Vegette Pinto
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, 18, Botucatu, SP, 610-307, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Wagner Bettiol
- Embrapa Meio Ambiente, CP 69, Jaguariúna, SP, 13918-110, Brazil.
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