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Mehkri Y, Windermere SA, Still MEH, Yan SC, Goutnik M, Melnick K, Doonan B, Ghiaseddin AP, Rahman M. The Safety and Efficacy of Concurrent Immune Checkpoint Blockade and Stereotactic Radiosurgery Therapy with Practitioner and Researcher Recommendations. World Neurosurg 2024; 181:e133-e153. [PMID: 37739175 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown growing promise in the treatment of brain metastases, especially combined with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The combination of ICIs with SRS has been studied for efficacy as well as increasing radiation necrosis risks. In this review, we compare clinical outcomes of radiation necrosis, intracranial control, and overall survival between patients with brain metastases treated with either SRS alone or SRS-ICI combination therapy. METHODS A literature search of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane was performed in May 2023 for articles comparing the safety and efficacy of SRS/ICI versus SRS-alone for treating brain metastases. RESULTS The search criteria identified 1961 articles, of which 48 met inclusion criteria. Combination therapy with SRS and ICI does not lead to significant increases in incidence of radiation necrosis either radiographically or symptomatically. Overall, no difference was found in intracranial control between SRS-alone and SRS-ICI combination therapy. Combination therapy is associated with increased median overall survival. Notably, some comparative studies observed decreased neurologic deaths, challenging presumptions that improved survival is due to greater systemic control. The literature supports SRS-ICI administration within 4 weeks of another for survival but remains inconclusive, requiring further study for other outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS Combination SRS-ICI therapy is associated with significant overall survival benefit for patients with brain metastases without significantly increasing radiation necrosis risks compared to SRS alone. Although intracranial control rates appear to be similar between the 2 groups, timing of treatment delivery may improve control rates and demands further study attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Mehkri
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Megan E H Still
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sandra C Yan
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael Goutnik
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Melnick
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Bently Doonan
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ashley P Ghiaseddin
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Maryam Rahman
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Terrapon APR, Krüger M, Hundsberger T, Neidert MC, Bozinov O. Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Radionecrosis. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2023; 34:209-225. [PMID: 36906328 DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is widely used for brain tumors but can cause radiation necrosis (RN). Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a relatively new therapeutic modality for RN and its impact on patient outcome is still not well understood. Based on a systematic literature search (n=33), the authors discuss the available evidence. Most studies found a positive safety/efficacy profile, as LITT may help to lengthen survival, prevent progression, taper steroids, and improve neurological symptoms while remaining safe. Prospective studies on this subject are needed and may result in LITT becoming an essential therapeutic option for the treatment of RN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Paul Romain Terrapon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Medical School St. Gallen, Rorschacher Strasse 95, St. Gallen 9007, Switzerland
| | - Marie Krüger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Medical School St. Gallen, Rorschacher Strasse 95, St. Gallen 9007, Switzerland; Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, 33 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 64, Freiburg 79095, Germany
| | - Thomas Hundsberger
- Department of Neurology and of Oncology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Medical School St. Gallen, Rorschacher Strasse 95, St. Gallen 9007, Switzerland
| | - Marian Christoph Neidert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Medical School St. Gallen, Rorschacher Strasse 95, St. Gallen 9007, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Bozinov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Medical School St. Gallen, Rorschacher Strasse 95, St. Gallen 9007, Switzerland.
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Alkazemi M, Lo YT, Hussein H, Mammi M, Saleh S, Araujo-Lama L, Mommsen S, Pisano A, Lamba N, Bunevicius A, Mekary RA. Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for the Treatment of Primary and Metastatic Brain Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. World Neurosurg 2023; 171:e654-e671. [PMID: 36549438 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.12.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive treatment option for intracranial tumors that are challenging to treat via traditional methods; however, its safety and efficacy are not yet well validated in the literature. The objectives of the study were to assess the available evidence of the indications and adverse events (AEs) of LITT and 1-year progression-free survival and 1-year overall survival in the treatment of primary and secondary brain tumors. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted through the databases PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library until October 2021. Comparative and descriptive studies, except for case reports, were included in the meta-analysis. Separate analyses by tumor type (high-grade gliomas, including World Health Organization grade 4 astrocytomas [which include glioblastomas] as a specific subgroup; low-grade gliomas; and brain metastases) were conducted. Pooled effect sizes and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were generated via random-effects models. RESULTS Forty-five studies met the inclusion criteria, yielding 826 patients for meta-analysis. There were 829 lesions in total, of which 361 were classified as high-grade gliomas, 116 as low-grade gliomas, 337 as metastatic brain tumors, and 15 as nonglial tumors. Indications for offering LITT included deep/inaccessible tumor (12 studies), salvage therapy after failed radiosurgery (9), failures of ≥2 treatment options (3), in pediatric patients (4), patient preference (1); indications were nonspecific in 12 studies. Pooled incidence of all (minor or major) procedure-related AEs was 30% (95% CI, 27%-40%) for all tumors. Pooled incidence of neurologic deficits (minor or major) was 16% (12%-22%); postprocedural edema 14% (8%-22%); seizure 6% (4%-9%); hematoma 20% (14%-29%); deep vein thrombosis 19% (11%-30%); hydrocephalus 8% (5%-12%); and wound infection 5% (3%-7%). One-year progression-free survival was 18.6% (11.3%-29.0%) in high-grade gliomas, 16.9% (11.6%-24.0%) among the grade 4 astrocytomas; and 51.2% (36.7%-65.5%) in brain metastases. One-year overall survival was 43.0% (36.0%-50.0%) in high-grade glioma, 45.9% (95% CI, 37.9%-54%) in grade 4 astrocytomas; 93.0% (42.3%-100%) in low-grade gliomas, and 56.3% (47.0%-65.3%) in brain metastases. CONCLUSIONS New neurologic deficits and postprocedural edema were the most reported AEs after LITT, albeit mostly transient. This meta-analysis provides the best statistical estimates of progression and survival outcomes based on the available information. LITT is generally a safe procedure for selected patients, and future well-designed comparative studies on its outcomes versus the current standard of care should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Alkazemi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Business and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, MCPHS, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yu Tung Lo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Computational Neuroscience Outcomes Center (CNOC), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Helweh Hussein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Computational Neuroscience Outcomes Center (CNOC), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marco Mammi
- Neurosurgery Unit, Santa Croce e Carle Hospital, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Serag Saleh
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lita Araujo-Lama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Business and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, MCPHS, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shannon Mommsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Business and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, MCPHS, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alessandra Pisano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Business and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, MCPHS, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nayan Lamba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Computational Neuroscience Outcomes Center (CNOC), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adomas Bunevicius
- Department of Neurosurgery, Computational Neuroscience Outcomes Center (CNOC), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Science, Kaunas, Lithuania; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rania A Mekary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Business and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, MCPHS, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Computational Neuroscience Outcomes Center (CNOC), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Srinivasan ES, Grabowski MM, Nahed BV, Barnett GH, Fecci PE. Laser interstitial thermal therapy for brain metastases. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:v16-v25. [PMID: 34859229 PMCID: PMC8633752 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive treatment for intracranial lesions entailing thermal ablation via a stereotactically placed laser probe. In metastatic disease, it has shown the most promise in the treatment of radiographically progressive lesions after initial stereotactic radiosurgery, whether due to recurrent metastatic disease or radiation necrosis. LITT has been demonstrated to provide clinical benefit in both cases, as discussed in the review below. With its minimal surgical footprint and short recovery period, LITT is further advantaged for patients who are otherwise high-risk surgical candidates or with lesions in difficult to access locations. Exploration of the current data on its use in metastatic disease will allow for a better understanding of the indications, benefits, and future directions of LITT for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew M Grabowski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic & Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian V Nahed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gene H Barnett
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic & Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Peter E Fecci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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