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Shahidi FV, Tracey M, Gignac MAM, Oudyk J, Smith PM. Unpaid overtime and mental health in the Canadian working population. Am J Ind Med 2024; 67:741-752. [PMID: 38849975 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unpaid overtime-describing a situation where extra hours are worked but not paid for-is a common feature of the labor market that, together with other forms of wage theft, costs workers billions of dollars annually. In this study, we examine the association between unpaid overtime and mental health in the Canadian working population. We also assess the relative strength of that association by comparing it against those of other broadly recognized work stressors. METHODS Data were drawn from a survey administered to a heterogeneous sample of workers in Canada (n = 3691). Generalized linear models quantified associations between unpaid overtime, stress, and burnout, distinguishing between moderate (1-5) and excessive (6 or more) hours of unpaid overtime. RESULTS Unpaid overtime was associated with higher levels of stress and burnout. Relative to those working no unpaid overtime, men working excessive unpaid overtime were 85% more likely to report stress (prevalence ratios [PR]: 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26-2.72) and 84% more likely to report burnout (PR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.34-2.54), while women working excessive unpaid overtime were 90% more likely to report stress (PR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.32-2.75) and 52% more likely to report burnout (PR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.12-2.06). The association of excessive unpaid overtime with mental health was comparable in magnitude to that of shift work and low job control. CONCLUSIONS Unpaid overtime may present a significant challenge to the mental health of working people, highlighting the potential role of wage theft as a neglected occupational health hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Vahid Shahidi
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Tracey
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Monique A M Gignac
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Oudyk
- Occupational Health Clinics for Ontario Workers, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter M Smith
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Jiang Y, Yang F. Overtime work and Chinese workers' physical and mental health: The mediating role of social support and work value awareness. Work 2024:WOR240041. [PMID: 39093105 DOI: 10.3233/wor-240041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND China was once called the world's factory. Chinese workers had long weekly working hours. However, the empirical results of the relationship between overtime work and workers' health are mixed and remain inconclusive. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate how overtime work influenced workers' physical and mental health and the role of lifestyles, social support, and work value awareness. METHODS Data from the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey 2016 (N = 14,205) was used. The instrumental variable approach was employed to overcome the endogeneity problem between overtime work and workers' health. The bootstrapping method was conducted to elicit the role of lifestyles, social support, and work value awareness. RESULTS The results indicated that overtime work significantly and negatively influenced Chinese workers' physical and mental health. The results of the bootstrapping suggested that workers' social support and work value awareness partially mediated the relationship between overtime work and their physical and mental health. However, the mediating role of lifestyles was insignificant. CONCLUSION Through using big data with national representativeness, this study suggests that overtime work negatively influences Chinese workers' physical and mental health. Our findings provide policy implications for improving workers' health rights and well-being in emerging economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jiang
- School of Sociology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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3
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Armoon B, Hosseini Koukamari P, Rouhani MR, Gharegozloo L, Karimy M, Coetzer-Liversage A. Comparison of Quality of Life and Coping Strategies among Firefighters and Emergency Medical Services Personnel in Saveh, Iran. New Solut 2024; 34:120-132. [PMID: 39051618 DOI: 10.1177/10482911241258256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Emergency medical service (EMS) personnel and firefighters (FFs) are first responders in dangerous and stressful situations. They experience high stress due to the nature of their jobs, which can affect their quality of life and various health dimensions. This study aimed to compare quality of life, job stress, and coping strategies in a sample of EMS personnel and FF employees in Iran. This cross-sectional study included 186 FFs and EMS, who were selected using a census sampling method. Our results showed that FFs had a better quality of life, lower perceived stress, and better coping skills than EMS. Individuals living in rural areas, government officials, and staff with regular work shifts also reported less perceived stress. Furthermore, our results indicated a negative and significant correlation between perceived stress and quality of life and a positive and significant correlation between stress management and quality of life in both groups. Given the inevitability of stress in EMS and FF jobs, policymakers need to take interventional measures to reduce anxiety and enhance the quality of life and work for these personnel. Occupational health policies in Iran generally follow the International Labor Organizational recommended standards, however, more attention to managerial interventions that reduce job demands and job stress combined with health promotion programs to improve coping are advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Armoon
- Department of public health, faculty of health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of medical sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Parisa Hosseini Koukamari
- Department of health education and promotion, Social Determinants of Health Research Center Saveh University of medical sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Rouhani
- Internal medicine department, faculty of medicine, Saveh University of medical sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Leila Gharegozloo
- Department of public health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of medical sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Mahmood Karimy
- Department of public health, faculty of health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of medical sciences, Saveh
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Zhang Z, Li Y, Wang S, Wang J, Huang Y, Wang X, Guo H, Zhou J. Exploring the Impact of Workplace Violence on the Mental Health of Chinese Correctional Officers: A JD-R Model Approach. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:2865-2874. [PMID: 39104767 PMCID: PMC11298411 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s468370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Correctional officers face widespread workplace violence and the resulting overwork that can profoundly damage their physical and mental health. Purpose This study aims to investigate the mediating role of overwork in the relationship between workplace violence and the manifestation of physical and mental health issues among correctional officers. Methods This study enlisted 472 eligible participants. Cross-sectional data were obtained using the Chinese version of the Workplace Violence Scale (WVS), while the physical and mental health of correctional officers was evaluated through relevant scales. Analysis involved descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and tests for mediation models. Results The study found significant correlations between workplace violence, overwork, and various mental health variables (depression, anxiety, stress, suicidal ideation, and insomnia), with correlations ranging from 0.135 to 0.822 (p < 0.01). Mediation analysis revealed that workplace violence directly impacts correctional officers' physical and mental health (p < 0.001) and also has an indirect effect through overwork (p < 0.023). These findings underscore the substantial impact of workplace violence on the health of correctional officers, both directly and indirectly. Conclusion Workplace violence and overwork significantly contribute to the physical and mental health challenges faced by correctional officers. Overwork acts as a mediator in the relationship between workplace violence and these health issues. The study suggests addressing workplace violence and mental health issues among correctional officers by increasing their numbers, improving the work environment, and implementing enhanced welfare policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Pingtang Compulsory Isolation Detoxification Institute in Hunan Province, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jizhi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiansong Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
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Núñez-Elvira A. Association between hours of work and subjective well-being. How do physicians compare to lawyers and accountants? PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295797. [PMID: 38100435 PMCID: PMC10723739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Analyses of physician well-being typically rely on small and unrepresentative samples. In April 2011, the UK Office for National Statistics incorporated subjective well-being metrics (SWB) into the Annual Population Survey (APS), a well-established survey. This survey includes variables from the labor market, making APS an ideal source for measuring the association between work hours and SWB metrics and comparing among different professionals. Using APS data from 2011/12 to 2014/15, this study examined the association between SWB levels and work hours using multiple linear models for physicians (primary care physicians and hospital doctors), lawyers, and accountants. Of the 11,810 observations, physicians were more satisfied, happier, and less anxious; females were more stressed (10.7%); and age was negatively associated with happiness and satisfaction. Incorporating information on preferences to work more hours (underemployment) did not affect physicians' but worsened the well-being of other professionals (lawyers and accountants). Surveyed physicians were less anxious, happier, and more satisfied than lawyers or accountants before Covid. Although the total work hours did not alter the SWB metrics, overtime hours for other professionals did. Increasing the working hours of underemployed physicians (with appropriate compensation) could be a relatively inexpensive solution to tackle the shortage of health workers in the short run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Núñez-Elvira
- Institute of Global Health Innovation (IGHI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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6
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Seo CW, Park EA, Yoon TH. The associations of health behaviors and working hours with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in Korean wage workers: a cross-sectional study. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023; 14:356-367. [PMID: 37920893 PMCID: PMC10626320 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated differences in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels by age group according to working hours, socioeconomic level, health behavior and status, and occupational class, and aimed to identify factors affecting hs-CRP levels in various age groups using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination from 2016 to 2018. METHODS The study included a total of 4,786 male wage workers across the nation, aged between 19 and 65. Data from 4,674 workers were analyzed using multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and weekly working hours were associated with hs-CRP, a biomarker of inflammation. Participants with a body mass index (BMI) ≥25.0 kg/m2 showed significantly higher hs-CRP levels than those with a BMI 23.0 to 25.0 kg/m2. Workers with high-risk drinking and metabolic syndrome showed significantly higher hs-CRP levels in the 50 to 65 years group. Obesity, walking 0 to 149 min/wk, and working ≥61 hours a week were associated with significantly higher hs-CRP levels in the 35 to 49 years group. The factors that significantly affected hs-CRP levels were different among age groups. CONCLUSION Plans to adjust working hours should be considered health behaviors, such as drinking and physical activity, and health conditions, such as metabolic syndrome and obesity, according to workers' age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong-Won Seo
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Dong-Eui Institute of Technology, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-A Park
- Department of Nursing, Hwasung Medi-Science University, Hwaseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyung Yoon
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Dongseo University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Tziner A, Vandenberghe C, Acosta-Prado JC. Editorial: Heavy-Work Investment: Divergent perspectives. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1115928. [PMID: 36910801 PMCID: PMC9997525 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1115928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aharon Tziner
- Behavioral Sciences and Business Administration School, Peres Academic Center, Rehovot, Israel
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Yu J, Leka S. Where is the limit for overtime? Impacts of overtime on employees' mental health and potential solutions: A qualitative study in China. Front Psychol 2022; 13:976723. [PMID: 36600714 PMCID: PMC9806229 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.976723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Labor Law of the People's Republic of China stipulates the overtime system, overtime is still widespread in the IT industry. Through qualitative interviews, we explored the impact of overtime on employees' mental health and life. The current study identified four main themes, namely overtime reasons, outcomes of overtime, influential factors and solutions to overtime challenges. Besides work-related reasons and cultural influence, it was found that employees may work overtime due to personal reasons, such as capability and personal qualities; the most frequent impacts reported were fatigue, depression, stress and interference with life; three predominant influential factors were timing of overtime, control and rewards; and overtime conditions could be improved in practical and emotional ways. The study's findings highlight the importance of the design of flexible working time arrangements for avoiding fatigue and improving employees' work-life balance, enhancement of schedule arrangement for avoiding daily work interruption and last-minute tasks, and optimization of rewarding systems for avoiding complaints and facilitating voluntary overtime. Results suggest that mental health and work-life balance can be promoted by organizational initiatives focusing on minimizing excessive job demands, increasing psychosocial resources, supporting boundary management, and enhancing perceived flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyang Yu
- School of Education, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, China,*Correspondence: Jiaoyang Yu,
| | - Stavroula Leka
- Business School, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Dou G, Li G, Yuan Y, Liu B, Yang L. Structural Dimension Exploration and Measurement Scale Development of Employee Involution in China's Workplace Field. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14454. [PMID: 36361331 PMCID: PMC9655169 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of workplace involution has attracted ample attention. How to make employees treat their work with the correct attitude and behavior and improve their work performance has become a realistic proposition. This study uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, with the help of grounded theory, to conduct an exploratory study on the structural dimensions of employee involution in the Chinese workplace and, on this basis, to develop and test the measurement scale. The research results show that employee involution is a multi-dimensional construct with rich connotations, including four dimensions: inefficient busyness, exhaustion of innovation, promotion anxiety, and internal competition. The measurement scale consists of four factors and 13 items. The factor analysis results showed that the developed scale's reliability and validity reached an ideal level. To a certain extent, this study promotes the recognition and attention of various types of organizations at all levels to involution. The research conclusions provide theoretical guidance for employees to get rid of the involution crisis and will motivate managers to formulate better intervention measures to prevent and reduce workplace involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqin Dou
- School of Information Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
| | - Guangxia Li
- School of Economics, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
| | - Yunyun Yuan
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Business, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- School of Economics, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
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10
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Liao P, Zhang X, Zhang W. Endogenous health risks, poverty traps, and the roles of health insurance in poverty alleviation. HEALTH ECONOMICS REVIEW 2022; 12:25. [PMID: 35438342 PMCID: PMC9016966 DOI: 10.1186/s13561-022-00370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family education investment is a key factor in reducing intergenerational transmission of poverty. At the price of higher health risk, the poor may overdraw their bodies to earn more money to invest in education. This study investigates the effect of physical overdraft, health risks and health insurance on poverty and economic growth. METHODS This paper proposes an economic development model of endogenous health risks and poverty by setting up a physical overdraft decision. Furthermore, we introduce mutual health insurance mechanism to analyze its poverty alleviation effects. RESULTS First, this study shows that health risks weaken the economy and are among the leading causes of poverty. Second, mutual health insurance can alleviate, but not completely eliminate, the negative impact of health risks on the economy. Third, appropriate health insurance arrangements can lift some or even all poor households out of poverty. CONCLUSION Health risks have a significant effect on poverty. Furthermore, health insurance mechanisms have the advantages of transferring health risks, reducing poverty and improving health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Liao
- China Institute for Actuarial Science/School of Insurance, Central University of Finance and Economics, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- School of Insurance, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wanlu Zhang
- School of Insurance, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Dong J, Yan S. Evolutionary game analysis between employees and employers about working overtime from the perspective of information asymmetry. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:95. [PMID: 35397592 PMCID: PMC8994380 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00802-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overtime is an international phenomenon, especially in some Chinese Internet technology companies, the 996 work regime is a common corporate atmosphere. This paper holds that overtime work is the result of a long-term dynamic game between employees and employers. In such a dynamic evolution process, employers and employees both cooperate and conflict, they will choose a strategy conducive to their own development through long-term learning and improvement. Methods Based on the evolutionary game theory and principal-agent theory, this paper constructs a \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$2\times 2$$\end{document}2×2 evolutionary game matrix. The strategies of employees can be divided into voluntary overtime and involuntary overtime, while the strategies of employers can be divided into providing overtime pay and not providing overtime pay. The stability of the system is related to four parameters: resource consumption, information asymmetry coefficient, trust coefficient, and moral hazard coefficient. Results Through an in-depth study of the model and data simulation, the system has five equilibrium points, an ESS point, and a saddle point in any case. Accordingly, we put forward two theorems and three propositions, which are verified not only theoretically but also by data simulation. Besides, the strategies of the employees and the employers will evolve from the initial state to (Involuntarily, Not pay) or (Voluntarily, Pay) under different situations. This is closely related to the initial parameters of the evolutionary game model and the payment matrix. Conclusions By summarizing the influence of each parameter on the evolutionary path, we believe that fairness and information equivalence between employees and employers can effectively promote both parties to reach the Pareto optimal state. In other words, employees and employers need to communicate and share information promptly to ensure the unity of information acquired by each other and achieve a win–win situation. This paper contributes to providing theoretical guidance and practical enlightenment for organizations to manage employees' overtime behavior scientifically and improve their work psychology reasonably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Dong
- School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shumin Yan
- School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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The Effect of Worktime Control on Overtime Employees' Mental Health and Work-Family Conflict: The Mediating Role of Voluntary Overtime. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19073767. [PMID: 35409451 PMCID: PMC8997466 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Overtime has become a widespread phenomenon in the current information age that creates a high speed working pace and fierce competition in the high technology global economy. Based on the time-regulation mechanism and effort-recovery model, we examined the effect of worktime control (WTC) on mental health and work-family conflict (WFC) among overtime employees, and whether voluntary overtime mediated the relationships. We also examined two separate dimensions of WTC (control over time-off and control over daily hours). The results showed that control over time-off was related to decreased depression, anxiety, stress and WFC, while control over daily hours was related to decreased stress and WFC. Generally, control over time-off was beneficial to females and employees with dependents. Furthermore, mediation results showed that voluntary overtime was a complete mediator of relationships between WTC and depression and anxiety as well as a partial mediator of the relationship between WTC and stress. However, this study did not find a mediating effect of voluntary overtime on the WTC-WFC relationship. Limitations and practical implications are discussed.
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Heavy-work investment, job engagement, managerial role, person-organization value congruence, and burnout: A moderated-mediation analysis in USA and Israel. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Lee E, Kim Y, Lee H. Association between depression or sleep problems and working time mismatch among Korean workers. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57:1331-1339. [PMID: 33230877 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between South Korean workers' working time mismatches and their depression and sleep disorders. DESIGN AND METHODS This study used raw data from the fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS), which sampled 50,205 workers. FINDINGS The risk of occurrence of sleep problems among workers was shown to be proportional to actual working time. The risk of occurrence of depression increased along with the degree of working time mismatch. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS To improve the health and welfare of workers, making a policy and labor culture that relieve working time mismatch is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunmi Lee
- Department of Nursing, Hoseo University, Asan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujeong Kim
- College of Nursing, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeyoung Lee
- Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Beyond workaholism: differences between heavy work investment (HWI) subtypes in well-being and health-related outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/ijwhm-09-2020-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore well-being and health-related outcomes among all the four basic subtypes of heavy work investment (HWI), as well as a fifth distinct category of full-time workers (i.e. those who work from 35 to 43 weekly hours).Design/methodology/approachThe 510 respondents chosen to be included in the Internet survey were mostly heavy work investors. Based on two dimensions of causal attributions (causal locus and controllability), an elimination mode was used to classify heavy work investors into four main subtypes. Those who reported high financial needs were classified as needy. From the remaining heavy work investors, those who reported high organizational demands were classified as organization-directed. Afterward, those who reported high drive to work were classified as workaholics. Finally, those who reported high passion for work were classified as work-devoted.FindingsAmong the five categories of classified respondents, the work-devoted and the needy emerged as the most distinct categories. The work-devoted had the best outcomes (stronger positive feelings, better current health condition, better body mass index (BMI) and adequate hours of sleep a night), whereas the needy had the worst outcomes (a higher level of stress, bodily pain, aches that interfere with regular activities and weariness throughout the day).Originality/valueThis study addressed both long hours and high effort invested in work, and both dispositional and situational heavy work investors. A possible implication of this study is that when job applicants have similar human capital profiles, organizations should consider recruitment of work-devoted individuals for demanding jobs.
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Román-Muñiz IN, Cramer MC, Edwards-Callaway LN, Stallones L, Kim E, Thompson S, Simpson H, Mijares S. Dairy Caretaker Perspectives on Performing Euthanasia as an Essential Component of Their Job. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:289. [PMID: 33498843 PMCID: PMC7912631 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to identify caretakers' perceptions and stressors related to performing on-farm euthanasia as well as potential ideas for intervention strategies to alleviate negative effects of performing euthanasia on caretaker well-being. Additionally, we aimed to determine how euthanasia methods, procedures, and training correlate with dairy caretakers' attitudes toward performing on-farm euthanasia and their job satisfaction and sense of well-being. Thirty-eight dairy caretakers (19 workers, 15 supervisors, 3 owners, 1 veterinarian) participated in focus groups or interviews conducted and recorded on five Northern Colorado dairies. Thematic analysis of focus group and interview transcripts revealed seven recurring themes. Variation in available training and euthanasia protocols among dairy farms was evident. There was a lack of awareness regarding available mental health resources and little communication between farm personnel about euthanasia-related stress. Training was correlated with caretaker knowledge about euthanasia procedures and the language used to refer to euthanasia. Human-animal bonds and empathy toward animals were evident in participants regardless of training, job position, or dairy experience. Interventions such as training programs, mental health resources, and other support systems should be tested for effectiveness in addressing euthanasia-related stressors, improving euthanasia decision-making and practice, and increasing animal wellbeing on dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivette Noami Román-Muñiz
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (M.C.C.); (L.N.E.-C.); (S.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Mary Caitlin Cramer
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (M.C.C.); (L.N.E.-C.); (S.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Lily N. Edwards-Callaway
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (M.C.C.); (L.N.E.-C.); (S.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Lorann Stallones
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Elizabeth Kim
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Sofia Thompson
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (M.C.C.); (L.N.E.-C.); (S.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Hailey Simpson
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (M.C.C.); (L.N.E.-C.); (S.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Sage Mijares
- College of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
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Impact of Credit Constraints from Formal Financial Institutions on Rural Residents' Health in China. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 9:healthcare9010006. [PMID: 33374650 PMCID: PMC7822418 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first study in China that looks at the impact of credit constraints from formal financial institutions on Chinese rural residents’ health. We use the Chinese Household Income Project (CHIP) data collected by the Annual Household Survey Office of Integration of Urban and Rural in the National Bureau of Statistics in 2014. We measure rural residents’ health status with self-rated health assessment and the number of sick days in 2013. The results obtained from using the ordered probit model show that, in general, credit constraints from formal financial institutions significantly and negatively affect the self-rated health of Chinese rural residents. When an endogeneity issue is addressed using the instrumental variable (IV) approach, this paper’s results are still robust. The results also show that the impact of credit constraints from formal financial institutions on rural residents’ self-rated health is significant in male, female, married, and unmarried sub-groups. Further, we find that credit constraints from formal financial institutions impact rural residents’ health through income and economic vulnerability. The findings have implications for preventing rural residents from falling into a health trap due to credit constraints from formal financial institutions.
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Gecaite-Stonciene J, Fineberg NA, Podlipskyte A, Neverauskas J, Juskiene A, Mickuviene N, Burkauskas J. Mental Fatigue, But Not other Fatigue Characteristics, as a Candidate Feature of Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder in Patients with Anxiety and Mood Disorders-An Exploratory Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218132. [PMID: 33153220 PMCID: PMC7662240 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) is commonly associated with anxiety and mood disorders (AMDs), in which fatigue and executive dysfunction represent key symptoms. Executive dysfunction has also been demonstrated in subjects with OCPD, and is additionally found to be a cardinal feature of fatigue. This study aimed to investigate the associations between fatigue, executive dysfunction, and OCPD in patients with AMDs. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 85 AMD patients (78% females, mean age 39 ± 11 years) were evaluated for OCPD traits by using the observer-rated Compulsive Personality Assessment Scale. The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20 was used to measure different aspects of fatigue, and the Trail Making Test was employed to assess executive functioning. The Hamilton rating scales were used to evaluate anxiety and depression symptoms. RESULTS Controlling for potential confounders, there was a significant link between OCPD and mental fatigue (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.58; p = 0.033). No associations were found between the presence of OCPD and other relevant fatigue characteristics, including general fatigue, physical fatigue, reduced activity, and reduced motivation, as well as executive functions. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report associations between OCPD and mental fatigue in patients with AMDs, suggesting mental fatigue as a clinically important symptom when considering particular personality pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julija Gecaite-Stonciene
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-00135 Palanga, Lithuania; (A.P.); (J.N.); (A.J.); (N.M.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-460-30012
| | - Naomi A. Fineberg
- National Obsessive Compulsive Disorders Specialist Service, Hertfordshire Partnership University, NHS Foundation Trust, Welwyn Garden City AL8 6HG, UK;
| | - Aurelija Podlipskyte
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-00135 Palanga, Lithuania; (A.P.); (J.N.); (A.J.); (N.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Julius Neverauskas
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-00135 Palanga, Lithuania; (A.P.); (J.N.); (A.J.); (N.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Alicja Juskiene
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-00135 Palanga, Lithuania; (A.P.); (J.N.); (A.J.); (N.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Narseta Mickuviene
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-00135 Palanga, Lithuania; (A.P.); (J.N.); (A.J.); (N.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Julius Burkauskas
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-00135 Palanga, Lithuania; (A.P.); (J.N.); (A.J.); (N.M.); (J.B.)
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19
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A scale to measure organizational stress among women workers in the garment industry. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/ejtd-04-2019-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Stress has been a common phenomenon among the working professionals. The stress has been known to affect the job satisfaction level, health outcomes, affect burnout through the physiological, emotional, behavioral and cognitive processes resulting in to low performance. This study aims to identify the factors determining organizational stress among women workers in the garment industry in India and to develop and validate a contextual scale for organizational stress among women workers in the garment industry in India.
Design/methodology/approach
This study consisted of women workers who were employed in garment manufacturing companies. The data has been collected through a structured questionnaire, which identifies the factors leading to stress. The respondents of the study included women workers employed in the garment manufacturing units in and around Bangalore. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted and the model fit was tested using confirmatory factor analysis.
Findings
The measurement scale for the organization stress of women workers in the garment industry was found to be highly reliable and valid for conducting the study in any Indian garment industry. The analysis identified the factors as follows: job-related factor, organization-related factor, social factor and personal factor.
Research limitations/implications
Due to limited access to the population, which is the women workers, the authors have not been able to collect a large sample data. The sample size is the limitation of the study.
Practical implications
Organizational stress have has been shown to have a detrimental effect on the health and well-being of employees. Organizations need to step up their effort to integrate emotional well-being, conducive work environment, workloads and job responsibilities, social connectedness and job satisfaction with their efforts to support the physical health and mental health of the workers.
Originality/value
The study is one of its kind with a focus on women workers in the garment industry in India. The study highlights the factors that result in stress among women workers who have not been studied in past research studies. The strategies to cope with organizational stress in such a work requirement is different and very challenging, making it unique for practitioners.
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20
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Kim S, Kwon K, Wang J. Impacts of job control on overtime and stress: cases in the United States and South Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2020.1757738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sehoon Kim
- Organizational Leadership, Policy, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kibum Kwon
- Higher Education & Learning Technologies, Texas A&M University-Commerce, Commerce, TX, USA
| | - Jia Wang
- Educational Administration and Human Resource Development, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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21
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Fauzan R. Upgrading at work: employee disposition and cynicism about organizational changes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/ijoa-07-2019-1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine potential predictors and moderating relationships involving one type of organizational cynicism – cynicism about organizational transformation (CAOC).
Design/methodology/approach
A total of 137 subjects participated in this study. The participants had been in their current positions at work for an average of 4.77 years and had been with their current organization an average of 7.28 years. CAOC was measured using the 12-item scale (α = 0.86) from Wanous et al.’s (2000) study. The response scale had five points ranging from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree.”
Findings
CAOC and negative affectivity were positively correlated, thus supporting H1. H2 was not supported, i.e. subjective change was not related to CAOC, and objective change was actually correlated negatively with CAOC. H3 was not supported, i.e. individuals with a higher organizational commitment will not have a less positive relationship between CAOC and organizational transformation (subjective and objective) than individuals with lower organizational commitment. H4 was not supported, i.e. individuals who perceive a higher degree of petty tyranny will not have a stronger relationship between CAOC and organizational transformation (subjective and objective) than individuals who perceive a lower degree of petty tyranny. H5 was not supported, i.e. individuals who perceive a higher degree of perceived organizational support (POS) will not have a weaker relationship between CAOC and organizational transformation (subjective and objective) than individuals who perceive a lower degree of POS.
Originality/value
The intent of the present study is to examine potential causes of CAOC and potential moderators of the relationships between those antecedents and CAOC. In particular, two variables are proposed as antecedents (negative affectivity with past organizational transformations) and three as moderators (organizational commitment, petty tyranny by supervisors and POS).
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22
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Namazi S, Dugan AG, Fortinsky RH, Barnes-Farrell J, Coman E, El Ghaziri M, Cherniack MG. Examining a Comprehensive Model of Work and Family Demands, Work-Family Conflict, and Depressive Symptoms in a Sample of Correctional Supervisors. J Occup Environ Med 2019; 61:818-828. [PMID: 31306269 PMCID: PMC11246744 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined how work and family demands affect depressive symptoms, and the mediating roles of work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict in a sample of correctional supervisors. METHODS Using a cross-sectional design, correctional supervisors working in a Northeastern state (n = 156) participated in an online survey. Structural equation modeling was used to examine direct and indirect effects between study variables. RESULTS Amount of overtime hours worked significantly predicted work-to-family conflict (β = 0.18, P < 0.05), and work-to-family conflict significantly predicted greater depressive symptoms (β = 0.61, P < 0.01). Overtime work also had an indirect effect on depressive symptoms through work-to-family conflict (β = 0.11 [95% CI 0.001-0.42]). No other statistically significant effects of relevance were found. CONCLUSIONS Working overtime had an indirect effect on correctional supervisors' depressive symptoms, mediated by work-to-family conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Namazi
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT (Ms Namazi, Dr Dugan, Dr Cherniack); Center on Aging, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut (Dr Fortinsky); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (Dr Barnes-Farrell); Health Disparities Institute, UConn Health, Hartford, Connecticut (Dr Coman); Solomont School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts (Dr El Ghaziri)
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23
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Scanlan LM, Devine SG, Watkins DL. Job satisfaction of mental healthcare workers in multidisciplinary teams. J Ment Health 2019; 30:80-87. [PMID: 31347425 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2019.1644489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various factors may influence job satisfaction for mental healthcare professionals. Identifying these factors can help identify strategies to strengthen job satisfaction. AIMS To determine the current levels of job satisfaction for mental healthcare workers (MHCWs) in multidisciplinary teams, and to identify factors that impact this experience. METHODS A sequential mixed methods study was used. Seventy seven MHCWs in regional Australia participated in an online survey. From this sample, 16 participants contributed to discipline-specific focus groups. RESULTS The majority of participants (83%) were generally satisfied working in a mental healthcare role. A higher proportion reported a decrease in satisfaction in the past year than an increase. Differences between the four disciplines of MHCWs studied were evident. Commonalities were seen in professional recognition and direct client work. CONCLUSIONS Factors in the service delivery environment are having a negative impact in job satisfaction of MHCWs. Team dynamics and team leader qualities are important factors that support them in their work. Results from this study may be used to inform leadership education in mental health services. Individual discipline perspective can inform retention and recruitment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M Scanlan
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Susan G Devine
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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24
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Watanabe M, Yamauchi K. Subtypes of overtime work and nurses' fatigue, mental status, and work engagement: A latent class analysis of Japanese hospital nurses. J Adv Nurs 2019; 75:2122-2132. [PMID: 30835840 DOI: 10.1111/jan.13991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To clarify the subgroups of overtime work motivations and to determine how fatigue, mental status, and work engagement differ among the subgroups. DESIGN Cross-sectional. METHODS Questionnaires were distributed to 1,075 full-time nurses working in four hospitals in Japan from October 2015 - February 2016. Nurses were categorized into subgroups of overtime work motivation by latent class analysis. An analysis of covariance was conducted to examine how fatigue, mental status, and work engagement differ among subgroups. RESULTS/FINDINGS We identified five types of overtime workers differing greatly in fatigue, mental status, and work engagement. CONCLUSIONS Even when nurses worked approximately the same work hours, the difference in motivation corresponded to different degrees of fatigue, mental status, and work engagement. When introducing policies to reduce overtime work, managers should consider the different groups of overtime workers, as effective measures may differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Watanabe
- College of Nursing, Kanto Gakuin University, Yokohama, Japan.,Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keita Yamauchi
- Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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25
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Drivers of working longer: Results from a large-scale and representative German employee survey. JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & ORGANIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/jmo.2019.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMost research on the factors driving employees to work longer than expected or preagreed has focused on behaviors of work extension and has widely neglected work intensification. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate whether job demands, as well as employees' job-related resources and personal resources (skill discretion, educational level), predict behavioral indicators of work extension (total working hours, overtime) and work intensification (skipping mandatory rest breaks). We use data from the sixth wave of a large cross-sectional and representative German employee survey (N = 10 148). The findings suggest that job demands and skill discretion are positively associated with the different behaviors of working longer. The relationship between work extension and skill discretion is stronger for higher-educated employees than for lower-educated employees. Our findings suggest that specific job demands and resources must be considered simultaneously to explain working longer and to differentiate between behaviors of working longer.
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26
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Long Working Hours and Job Quality in Europe: Gender and Welfare State Differences. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15112592. [PMID: 30463351 PMCID: PMC6265898 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic extreme long working hours (LWH) have been found consistently associated with poor health status. However, the evidence for moderately LWH (41–60 h a week) is contradictory. Although poor job quality has been proposed as one of the mechanisms of this relationship, there are almost no studies about LWH and job quality. The objectives of this study were to analyze the association between moderately LWH and job quality in the EU27, as well as to examine differences by welfare regimes and gender. This is a cross-sectional study based on data from the 2010 European Working Conditions Survey. A subsample of employees from the EU27 aged 16–64 years who worked 30–60 h a week was selected (12,574 men and 8787 women). Overall, moderately LWH were not consistently associated with poor job quality except among women from Eastern European countries. Therefore, in the EU27 poor job quality does not seem to explain the relationship between moderately LWH and poor health status. The findings among women from Eastern European countries may be related to their weakened position in the labor market and to their work-family conflict resulting from a process of re-familisation that constrains their choices for a good job.
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27
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Takács E, Barkaszi I, Altbäcker A, Czigler I, Balázs L. Cognitive resilience after prolonged task performance: an ERP investigation. Exp Brain Res 2018; 237:377-388. [PMID: 30413843 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Deleterious consequences of cognitive fatigue might be avoided if people respond with increased effort to increased demands. In this study, we hypothesized that the effects of fatigue would be more pronounced in cognitive functions reflecting compensatory effort. Given that the P3a event-related potential is sensitive to the direction and amount of attention allocated to a stimulus array, we reasoned that compensatory effort would manifest in increased P3a amplitudes. Therefore, we compared P3a before (pre-test) and after (post-test) a 2 h long cognitively demanding (fatigue group, n = 18) or undemanding task (control group, n = 18). Two auditory tasks, a three-stimulus novelty oddball and a duration discrimination two-choice response task were presented to elicit P3a. In the fatigue group, we used the multi-attribute task battery as a fatigue-inducing task. This task draws on a broad array of attentional functions and imposed considerable workload. The control group watched mood-neutral documentary films. The fatigue manipulation was effective as subjective fatigue increased significantly in the fatigue group compared to controls. Contrary to expectations, however, fatigue failed to affect P3a in the post-test phase. Similar null effects were obtained for other neurobehavioral measures (P3b and behavioral performance). Results indicate that a moderate increase in subjective fatigue does not hinder cognitive functions profoundly. The lack of objective performance loss in the present study suggests that the cognitive system can be resilient against challenges instigated by demanding task performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endre Takács
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary. .,Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary. .,Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Irén Barkaszi
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Altbäcker
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Czigler
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Balázs
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Daily Effect of Recovery on Exhaustion: A Cross-Level Interaction Effect of Workaholism. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15091920. [PMID: 30181447 PMCID: PMC6165375 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Workaholics generally allocate an excessive amount of time and energy to their work at the expense of having time for recovery from work. Nevertheless, a complete recovery is an essential prerequisite for well-being. This study examines the moderating role of workaholism in the relationship between daily recovery and daily exhaustion. Data were collected among 95 participants who completed a general questionnaire and a diary booklet for five consecutive working days. Multilevel analysis results confirmed a cross-level interaction effect of workaholism, showing that the negative relationship between recovery and exhaustion at the daily level is weaker for those with a high (versus low) level of workaholism. These insights suggest the promotion of interventions aimed at addressing workaholism among workers, and the design of projects able to stimulate recovery from work, particularly for workaholics.
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Ispas SA, Iliescu D. The Romanian Adaptation of the Survey Work-Home Interaction, NijmeGen. Eval Health Prof 2018; 42:196-218. [PMID: 30099927 DOI: 10.1177/0163278718791303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To date, there are no scales measuring work-home interaction which are adapted for the Eastern European population. Owing to the significantly different sociocultural contexts and geopolitical history between Western and Eastern populations, despite the massive contemporary East-West migration, a more culturally appropriate scale is needed to ensure valid and reliable measurement of the construct. This article presents the adaptation of the Survey Work-Home Interaction-NijmeGen (SWING) for the Romanian population. The results show that SWING can successfully measure work-home interaction for this population. Gender equivalence is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona A Ispas
- 1 Department of Psychology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragos Iliescu
- 1 Department of Psychology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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30
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Watanabe M, Yamauchi K. The effect of quality of overtime work on nurses’ mental health and work engagement. J Nurs Manag 2018; 26:679-688. [DOI: 10.1111/jonm.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Health Management; Keio University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Keita Yamauchi
- Graduate School of Health Management; Keio University; Tokyo Japan
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31
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Rabenu E, Aharoni-Goldenberg S. Understanding the Relationship between Overtime and Burnout. INTERNATIONAL STUDIES OF MANAGEMENT & ORGANIZATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00208825.2017.1382269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edna Rabenu
- Lecturer, School of Behavioral Sciences, Netanya Academic College, Netanya, Israel
| | - Sharona Aharoni-Goldenberg
- Lecturer and an Editor in Chief of the Netanya Law Review, School of Law, Netanya Academic College, Netanya, Israel
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Tanner G, Bamberg E, Kersten M, Kozak A, Nienhaus A. The Relationship Between Working Time and Ill Health. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ARBEITS-UND ORGANISATIONSPSYCHOLOGIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1026/0932-4089/a000242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: Several studies have investigated the relationship between working time and health; however, an adequate comparison of this relationship among full-time and part-time workers is still missing. Therefore, this study aimed to fill this gap in the literature. We investigated several aspects of working time: weekly overtime, monthly on-call duties, monthly shift work, and adherence to breaks. To assess health, we investigated sleeping problems, cognitive irritation, and emotional exhaustion. Data were collected from 812 hospital physicians. We tested our assumptions with a group comparison using structural equation modeling. Overtime and adherence to breaks were shown to be health-relevant factors, particularly for full-time workers, whereas night and weekend shifts were more relevant for part-time workers’ health. On-call duties were less relevant for both groups. The inclusion of time pressure and autonomy caused different changes. The results of this study illustrate that personal needs should be considered when scheduling working time to promote health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grit Tanner
- Universität Hamburg, Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie
| | - Eva Bamberg
- Universität Hamburg, Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie
| | - Maren Kersten
- Berufsgenossenschaft für Gesundheitsdienst und Wohlfahrtpflege (BGW), Hamburg
| | - Agnessa Kozak
- Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institut für Versorgungsforschung in der Dermatologie und bei Pflegeberufen
| | - Albert Nienhaus
- Berufsgenossenschaft für Gesundheitsdienst und Wohlfahrtpflege (BGW), Hamburg
- Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institut für Versorgungsforschung in der Dermatologie und bei Pflegeberufen
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Nakata A. Long working hours, job satisfaction, and depressive symptoms: a community-based cross-sectional study among Japanese employees in small- and medium-scale businesses. Oncotarget 2017; 8:53041-53052. [PMID: 28881792 PMCID: PMC5581091 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although long working hours have been suspected to be a risk factor for depressive symptoms (DS), it is not well understood the conditions under which long working hours are associated with it. This study investigated the moderating effect of job satisfaction on the relationship between working hours and DS. A total of 2,375 full-time non-shift day workers (73% men), aged 18-79 (mean 45) years, in 296 small- and medium-scale businesses were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire evaluating working hours, job satisfaction, DS and covariates. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D) was used to assess DS. Risk of DS (CES-D ≥ 16) by working hours, job satisfaction, and both combined was estimated by multivariable logistic regression analysis. Compared to participants working 6-8 hrs/day, those working 12+ hrs/day had significantly higher odds of DS (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.49), while participants with low satisfaction, as opposed to high satisfaction, had increased odds of DS (aOR 1.81). Furthermore, compared to those working 6-8 hrs/day with high satisfaction (reference group), participants working 6-8 hrs/day, > 8 to 10 hrs/day, and > 10 hrs/day combined with low satisfaction had dose-response increase of DS (aOR 1.48, 2.21 and 2.31, respectively, p < 0.05), whereas those working > 8 to 10 hrs/day and > 10 hrs/day combined with high satisfaction had not (aOR 0.93 and 1.39, respectively, p > 0.10). The results suggest that long working hours are associated with increased risk of DS only under reduced job satisfaction condition, which highlights the importance of improving job satisfaction, particularly among those working excessive hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Nakata
- School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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Golden L, Wiens-Tuers B. Mandatory Overtime Work in the United States: Who, Where, and What? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0160449x0503000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Who works mandatory overtime? Descriptive analysis of a module in the 2002 General Social Survey finds that 28 percent of full-timers face and 21 percent actually worked extra hours because it was required by their employer—a slight increase since overtime work was last measured twenty-five years ago. Mandatory overtime is more frequent among men, the foreign born, those employed in non-profits, blue-collar occupations, and industries such as public administration and manu facturing. Relative to workers who have no overtime, workers who face mandatory overtime are found more frequently among workers who have inflexible work schedules, seniority, difficulty finding alternative jobs, bonus compensation, and poor relationships with management. Relative to those with non-mandatory overtime, those who work man datory overtime show less job satisfaction, job security, and say about their jobs. Thus, understanding the effects of mandatory overtime has implications for organizations that aim for high-performance workplace structures and smooth labor relations and for labor organizers who seek to attract members by addressing the negative consequences of mandatory overtime, such as heightened work-family interference. While some collective bargaining provisions seek to curb mandatory overtime, their limited effect may be why at least seven U.S. states have passed some form of legal ban and/or right to refuse.
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Zhang L, Seo J. Held captive in the office: an investigation into long working hours among Korean employees. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2016.1192053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- School of Business Administration, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Jeeyoung Seo
- Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Lindenberg S. Social Rationality, Semi-Modularity and Goal-Framing: What Is It All About? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/auk-2008-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Human beings are not general problem solvers. Their mental architecture is modular and the microfoundations for the social sciences have to take that into consideration. Modularity means that there are hardwired and softwired functionally specific subroutines, such as face recognition and habits that make the individual particularly sensitive to a narrow range of information from both inside and outside. Goals are the most important creators of modules that contain both hard- and softwired submodules. Goals determine what we attend to, what information we are sensitive to, what information we neglect, what chunks of knowledge and what concepts are being activated at a given moment, what we like and dislike, what criteria for goal achievement are being applied, etc. Overarching goals govern large classes of submodules, and therefore the social sciences have to deal especially with these overarching goals. Three such overarching goals are identified: hedonic, gain, and normative goals. At every given moment one of them is focal (a goal-frame) and self-regulation is the process by which humans balance the dominance of goal-frames. In turn, self-regulation (here seen as the heart of ‘social rationality’), depends much on social circumstances that are open to sociological investigation.
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Mazzetti G, Schaufeli WB, Guglielmi D, Depolo M. Overwork climate scale: psychometric properties and relationships with working hard. JOURNAL OF MANAGERIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1108/jmp-03-2014-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to evaluate whether employees’ tendency to work excessive hours is motivated by the perception of a work environment that encourages overwork (overwork climate). Thus, this study introduces a self-report questionnaire aimed at assessing the perception of a psychological climate for overwork in the workplace.
Design/methodology/approach
– In Study 1, the overwork climate scale (OWCS) was developed and evaluated using principal component analysis (n=395) and confirmatory factor analysis (n=396). In Study 2, the total sample (n=791) was used to explore the association of the overwork climate with opposite types of working hard (work engagement and workaholism).
Findings
– Two overwork climate dimensions were distinguished, namely, overwork endorsement and lacking overwork rewards. The lack of overwork rewards was negatively associated with engagement, whereas workaholism showed a strong positive association with overwork endorsement. These relationships remained significant after controlling for the impact of psychological job demands.
Research limitations/implications
– The findings rely on self-report data and a cross-sectional design.
Practical implications
– The perception of a work environment that encourages overwork but does not allocate additional compensation seems to foster workaholism. Moreover, the inadequacy of overwork rewards constitutes a lack of resources that negatively affect employees’ engagement.
Originality/value
– This study represents one of the first attempts to develop a questionnaire aimed at assessing a psychological climate for overwork and to explore whether the perception of this type of climate may be significantly related to workaholism and work engagement.
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Psychosocial Factors of Overtime Work in Relation to Work-Nonwork Balance: a Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling Analysis of Nurses Working in Hospitals. Int J Behav Med 2016; 23:492-500. [DOI: 10.1007/s12529-016-9563-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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O'Hagan AD, Issartel J, Fletcher R, Warrington G. Duty hours and incidents in flight among commercial airline pilots. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2016; 22:165-72. [DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2016.1146441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Cho SS, Ki M, Kim KH, Ju YS, Paek D, Lee W. Working hours and self-rated health over 7 years: gender differences in a Korean longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:1287. [PMID: 26701111 PMCID: PMC4690406 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2641-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the association between long working hours and self-rated health (SRH), examining the roles of potential confounding and mediating factors, such as job characteristics. Methods Data were pooled from seven waves (2005–2011) of the Korean Labour and Income Panel Study. A total of 1578 workers who consecutively participated in all seven study years were available for analysis. A generalized estimating equation for repeated measures with binary outcome was used to examine the association between working hours (five categories; 20–35, 36–40, 41–52, 53–68 and ≥69 h) and SRH (two categories; poor and good health), considering possible confounders and serial correlation. Results Associations between working hours and SRH were observed among women, but only for the category of the shortest working hours among men. The associations with the category of shortest working hours among men and women disappeared after adjustment for socioeconomic factors. Among women, though not men, working longer than standard hours (36–40 h) showed a linear association with poor health; OR = 1.41 (95 % CI = 1.08–1.84) for 52–68 working hours and OR = 2.11 (95 % CI = 1.42–3.12) for ≥69 working hours. This association persisted after serial adjustments. However, it was substantially attenuated with the addition of socioeconomic factors (e.g., OR = 1.66 (95 % CI = 1.07–2.57)) but only slightly attenuated with further adjustment for behavioural factors (e.g., OR = 1.63 (95 % CI = 1.05–2.53)). The associations with job satisfaction were significant for men and women. Conclusions The worsening of SRH with increasing working hours only among women suggests that female workers are more vulnerable to long working hours because of family responsibilities in addition to their workload. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2641-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Sik Cho
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Konkuk University Chungju Hospital, 82 Gukweondae-ro Chungju, Chungbuk, South Korea.
| | - Myung Ki
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Eulji University, 143-5, Yongdu-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Keun-Hoe Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Cheongju Medical Center, 48 Heungdeok-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju city, Chungbuk, South Korea.
| | - Young-Su Ju
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, 22 Gwanpyeong-ro 170 beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang, Kyeonggi, South Korea.
| | - Domyung Paek
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Wonyun Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Eulji University, 143-5, Yongdu-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, South Korea.
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Bassal C, Czellar J, Kaiser S, Dan-Glauser ES. Relationship Between Emotions, Emotion Regulation, and Well-Being of Professional Caregivers of People With Dementia. Res Aging 2015; 38:477-503. [DOI: 10.1177/0164027515591629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
So far, limited research has been carried out to better understand the interplay between the emotions, the use of emotion regulation strategies, and the well-being of professional caregivers of People with Dementia (PwD). This pilot study ( N = 43 professional caregivers) aimed to (1) describe the type and frequency of emotions experienced at work; (2) analyze the associations between experienced emotions, emotion regulation strategies, and well-being; and (3) test whether the use of specific emotion regulation strategies moderates the relationship between experienced emotions and emotional exhaustion. In the challenging context of professionally caring for PwD, results suggest that (1) caregivers experience positive emotions more frequently than negative emotions; (2) caregivers using relatively inappropriate regulation strategies are more likely to experience negative emotions, less likely to experience positive emotions, and have poorer physical and mental health; and (3) expressive suppression significantly moderates the relationship between positive experienced emotions and emotional exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Bassal
- School of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Judith Czellar
- Unicentre, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Kaiser
- Department of Psychology, Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Recovery and the work–family interface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1108/s1479-3555(2009)0000007007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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Hannerz H, Albertsen K. Long working hours and subsequent use of psychotropic medicine: a study protocol. JMIR Res Protoc 2014; 3:e51. [PMID: 25239125 PMCID: PMC4180344 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.3301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental ill health is the most frequent cause of long-term sickness absence and disability retirement in Denmark. Some instances of mental ill health might be due to long working hours. A recent large cross-sectional study of a general working population in Norway found that not only "very much overtime", but also "moderate overtime" (41-48 work hours/week) was significantly associated with increased levels of both anxiety and depression. These findings have not been sufficiently confirmed in longitudinal studies. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study is to give a detailed plan for a research project aimed at investigating the possibility of a prospective association between weekly working hours and use of psychotropic medicine in the general working population of Denmark. METHODS People from the general working population of Denmark have been surveyed, at various occasions in the time period 1995-2010, and interviewed about their work environment. The present study will link interview data from these surveys to national registers covering all inhabitants of Denmark. The participants will be followed for the first occurrence of redeemed prescriptions for psychotropic medicine. Poisson regression will be used to analyze incidence rates as a function of weekly working hours (32-40; 41-48; > 48 hours/week). The analyses will be controlled for gender, age, sample, shift work, and socioeconomic status. According to our feasibility studies, the statistical power is sufficient and the exposure is stable enough to make the study worth the while. RESULTS The publication of the present study protocol ends the design phase of the project. In the next phase, the questionnaire data will be forwarded to Statistics Denmark where they will be linked to data on deaths, migrations, socioeconomic status, and redeemed prescriptions for psychotropic medication. We expect the analysis to be completed by the end of 2014 and the results to be published mid 2015. CONCLUSIONS The proposed project will be free from hindsight bias, since all hypotheses and statistical models are completely defined, peer-reviewed, and published before we link the exposure data to the outcome data. The results of the project will indicate to what extent and in what direction the national burden of mental ill health in Denmark has been influenced by long working hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Hannerz
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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West CA, Galloway E, Niemeier MT. Resident aggression toward staff at a center for the developmentally disabled. Workplace Health Saf 2014; 62:19-26. [PMID: 24571051 DOI: 10.1177/216507991406200104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have examined factors contributing to nonfatal assaults to staff working in residential care facilities. The authors evaluated resident assaults toward direct care/nursing staff at an intermediate Care Facility for Individuals with Mental Retardation (ICF/MR), which included observations of work areas, employee interviews, calculation of injury and assault rates for 2004 to 2007 from Occupational Safety and Health Administration Logs, and review of state ICP/MR guidelines. Most staff interviewed reported having been injured during physical restraint of a resident and the average rate of injury from assault at the center evaluated was higher than the average national rates for the health care and social assistance sector for the same time period. The center lacked policies and developing a post-incident response and evaluation program to assist staff in coping with the consequences of assault and/or occupational injury.
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O'Reilly D, Rosato M. Worked to death? A census-based longitudinal study of the relationship between the numbers of hours spent working and mortality risk. Int J Epidemiol 2014; 42:1820-30. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyt211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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West CA, Galloway E, Niemeier MT. Resident Aggression Toward Staff at a Center for the Developmentally Disabled. Workplace Health Saf 2014. [DOI: 10.3928/21650799-20131220-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Mäkikangas A, Kinnunen S, Rantanen J, Mauno S, Tolvanen A, Bakker AB. Association between vigor and exhaustion during the workweek: a person-centered approach to daily assessments. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2013; 27:555-75. [DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2013.860968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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