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Schwen Blackett D, Borod JC, Speer SR, Pan X, Harnish SM. The effects of emotional stimuli on Word retrieval in people with aphasia. Neuropsychologia 2024; 192:108734. [PMID: 37952713 PMCID: PMC10833091 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prior studies have shown that people with aphasia (PWA) have demonstrated superior language performance for emotional compared to nonemotional stimuli on a range of tasks, including auditory comprehension, verbal pragmatics, repetition, reading, and writing. However, studies on word retrieval, specifically, have suggested a possible interference effect of emotion on naming. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the emotional valence of stimuli on word retrieval in a series of naming tasks in PWA. METHOD Thirteen PWA and 13 neurotypical controls participated in four single-word naming tasks, including 1) object picture naming, 2) action picture naming, 3) category-member generation, and 4) verb generation. Each task included three valence sets of positively-, negatively-, and neutrally-rated pictures or words, which were obtained from the standardized International Affective Picture System (Lang et al., 2008) and the Affective Norms for Emotional Words (Bradley and Lang, 1999) databases. Accuracy and reaction time (RT) were measured and compared across groups, tasks, and valence sets. RESULTS Emotional stimuli, especially negative stimuli, resulted in worse naming performance, as measured by accuracy and RT, compared to nonemotional stimuli in PWA and neurotypical controls. This effect was relatively robust across the four naming tasks. In most cases, negative stimuli resulted in lower accuracy and slower RT than positive stimuli. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that stimulus valence may interfere with word retrieval for PWA and neurotypical adults and that this effect is robust across different types of naming tasks that vary by word class (nouns versus verbs) and stimulus type (pictures versus words). Negative stimuli resulted in worse naming performance than positive stimuli. These results suggest that emotionality of stimuli is an important variable to consider in word retrieval research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena Schwen Blackett
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, College of Arts & Sciences, The Ohio State University, 110 Pressey Hall, 1070 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Joan C Borod
- Department of Psychology, Queens College of the City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY, 11367, USA.
| | - Shari R Speer
- Department of Linguistics, College of Arts & Sciences, The Ohio State University, Oxley Hall, 1712 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Xueliang Pan
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, 310-H Lincoln Tower, 1800 Cannon Drive, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Stacy M Harnish
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, College of Arts & Sciences, The Ohio State University, 110 Pressey Hall, 1070 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Sá-Leite AR, Comesaña M, Acuña-Fariña C, Fraga I. A cautionary note on the studies using the picture-word interference paradigm: the unwelcome consequences of the random use of "in/animates". Front Psychol 2023; 14:1145884. [PMID: 37213376 PMCID: PMC10196210 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1145884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The picture-word interference (PWI) paradigm allows us to delve into the process of lexical access in language production with great precision. It creates situations of interference between target pictures and superimposed distractor words that participants must consciously ignore to name the pictures. Yet, although the PWI paradigm has offered numerous insights at all levels of lexical representation, in this work we expose an extended lack of control regarding the variable animacy. Animacy has been shown to have a great impact on cognition, especially when it comes to the mechanisms of attention, which are highly biased toward animate entities to the detriment of inanimate objects. Furthermore, animate nouns have been shown to be semantically richer and prioritized during lexical access, with effects observable in multiple psycholinguistic tasks. Indeed, not only does the performance on a PWI task directly depend on the different stages of lexical access to nouns, but also attention has a fundamental role in it, as participants must focus on targets and ignore interfering distractors. We conducted a systematic review with the terms "picture-word interference paradigm" and "animacy" in the databases PsycInfo and Psychology Database. The search revealed that only 12 from a total of 193 PWI studies controlled for animacy, and only one considered it as a factor in the design. The remaining studies included animate and inanimate stimuli in their materials randomly, sometimes in a very disproportionate amount across conditions. We speculate about the possible impact of this uncontrolled variable mixing on many types of effects within the framework of multiple theories, namely the Animate Monitoring Hypothesis, the WEAVER++ model, and the Independent Network Model in an attempt to fuel the theoretical debate on this issue as well as the empirical research to turn speculations into knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Sá-Leite
- Cognitive Processes and Behavior Research Group, Department of Social Psychology, Basic Psychology, and Methodology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Institut für Romanische Sprachen und Literaturen, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ana Rita Sá-Leite
| | - Montserrat Comesaña
- Psycholinguistics Research Line, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carlos Acuña-Fariña
- Cognitive Processes and Behavior Research Group, Department of English and German, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Isabel Fraga
- Cognitive Processes and Behavior Research Group, Department of Social Psychology, Basic Psychology, and Methodology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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McCall J, van der Stelt CM, DeMarco A, Dickens JV, Dvorak E, Lacey E, Snider S, Friedman R, Turkeltaub P. Distinguishing semantic control and phonological control and their role in aphasic deficits: A task switching investigation. Neuropsychologia 2022; 173:108302. [PMID: 35718138 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
People use cognitive control across many contexts in daily life, yet it remains unclear how cognitive control is used in contexts involving language. Distinguishing language-specific cognitive control components may be critical to understanding aphasia, which can co-occur with cognitive control deficits. For example, deficits in control of semantic representations (i.e., semantic control), are thought to contribute to semantic deficits in aphasia. Conversely, little is known about control of phonological representations (i.e., phonological control) in aphasia. We developed a switching task to investigate semantic and phonological control in 32 left hemisphere stroke survivors with aphasia and 37 matched controls. We found that phonological and semantic control were related, but dissociate in the presence of switching demands. People with aphasia exhibited group-wise impairment at phonological control, although individual impairments were subtle except in one case. Several individuals with aphasia exhibited frank semantic control impairments, and these individuals had relative deficits on other semantic tasks. The present findings distinguish semantic control from phonological control, and confirm that semantic control impairments contribute to semantic deficits in aphasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua McCall
- Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Neurology Department, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Candace M van der Stelt
- Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Neurology Department, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Andrew DeMarco
- Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Neurology Department, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - J Vivian Dickens
- Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Neurology Department, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Dvorak
- Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Neurology Department, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Lacey
- Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Neurology Department, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; Research Division, MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sarah Snider
- Center for Aphasia Research and Rehabilitation, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rhonda Friedman
- Center for Aphasia Research and Rehabilitation, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Peter Turkeltaub
- Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Neurology Department, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; Research Division, MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC, USA; Center for Aphasia Research and Rehabilitation, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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4
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van Scherpenberg C, Abdel Rahman R, Regenbrecht F, Obrig H. Semantic Interference through Multiple Distractors in Picture Naming in People with Aphasia. J Cogn Neurosci 2021; 33:1612-1633. [PMID: 34496369 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
When we refer to an object or concept by its name, activation of semantic and categorical information is necessary to retrieve the correct lexical representation. Whereas in neurotypical individuals it is well established that semantic context can interfere with or facilitate lexical retrieval, these effects are much less studied in people with lesions to the language network and impairment at different steps of lexical-semantic processing. Here, we applied a novel picture naming paradigm, where multiple categorically related and unrelated words were presented as distractors before a to-be-named target picture. Using eye tracking, we investigated preferential fixation on the cohort members versus nonmembers. Thereby, we can judge the impact of explicit acknowledgment of the category and its effect on semantic interference. We found that, in contrast to neurotypical participants [van Scherpenberg, C., Abdel Rahman, R., & Obrig, H. A novel multiword paradigm for investigating semantic context effects in language production. PLoS One, 15, e0230439, 2020], participants suffering from mild to moderate aphasia did not show a fixation preference on category members but still showed a large interference effect of ∼35 msec, confirming the implicit mechanism of categorical interference. However, preferential fixation on the categorically related cohort words correlated with clinical tests regarding nonverbal semantic abilities and integrity of the anterior temporal lobe. This highlights the role of supramodal semantics for explicit recognition of a semantic category, while semantic interference is triggered if the threshold of lexical cohort activation is reached. Confirming psycholinguistic evidence, the demonstration of a large and persistent interference effect through implicit lexico-semantic activation is important to understand deficits in people with a lesion in thelanguage network, potentially relevant for individualized intervention aiming at improving naming skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia van Scherpenberg
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.,Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig.,University Clinic Leipzig
| | | | | | - Hellmuth Obrig
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.,Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig.,University Clinic Leipzig
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Faroqi-Shah Y, Gehman M. The Role of Processing Speed and Cognitive Control on Word Retrieval in Aging and Aphasia. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2021; 64:949-964. [PMID: 33621116 DOI: 10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose When speakers retrieve words, they do so extremely quickly and accurately-both speed and accuracy of word retrieval are compromised in persons with aphasia (PWA). This study examined the contribution of two domain-general mechanisms: processing speed and cognitive control on word retrieval in PWA. Method Three groups of participants, neurologically healthy young and older adults and PWA (n = 15 in each group), performed processing speed, cognitive control, lexical decision, and word retrieval tasks on a computer. The relationship between word retrieval speed and other tasks was examined for each group. Results Both aging and aphasia resulted in slower processing speed but did not affect cognitive control. Word retrieval response time delays in PWA were eliminated when processing speed was accounted for. Word retrieval speed was predicted by individual differences in cognitive control in young and older adults and additionally by processing speed in older adults. In PWA, word retrieval speed was predicted by severity of language deficit and cognitive control. Conclusions This study shows that processing speed is compromised in aphasia and could account for their slowed response times. Individual differences in cognitive control predicted word retrieval speed in healthy adults and PWA. These findings highlight the need to include nonlinguistic cognitive mechanisms in future models of word retrieval in healthy adults and word retrieval deficits in aphasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Faroqi-Shah
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park
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The involvement of left inferior frontal and middle temporal cortices in word production unveiled by greater facilitation effects following brain damage. Neuropsychologia 2018; 121:122-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Shitova N, Roelofs A, Schriefers H, Bastiaansen M, Schoffelen JM. Using Brain Potentials to Functionally Localise Stroop-Like Effects in Colour and Picture Naming: Perceptual Encoding versus Word Planning. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161052. [PMID: 27632171 PMCID: PMC5025026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The colour-word Stroop task and the picture-word interference task (PWI) have been used extensively to study the functional processes underlying spoken word production. One of the consistent behavioural effects in both tasks is the Stroop-like effect: The reaction time (RT) is longer on incongruent trials than on congruent trials. The effect in the Stroop task is usually linked to word planning, whereas the effect in the PWI task is associated with either word planning or perceptual encoding. To adjudicate between the word planning and perceptual encoding accounts of the effect in PWI, we conducted an EEG experiment consisting of three tasks: a standard colour-word Stroop task (three colours), a standard PWI task (39 pictures), and a Stroop-like version of the PWI task (three pictures). Participants overtly named the colours and pictures while their EEG was recorded. A Stroop-like effect in RTs was observed in all three tasks. ERPs at centro-parietal sensors started to deflect negatively for incongruent relative to congruent stimuli around 350 ms after stimulus onset for the Stroop, Stroop-like PWI, and the Standard PWI tasks: an N400 effect. No early differences were found in the PWI tasks. The onset of the Stroop-like effect at about 350 ms in all three tasks links the effect to word planning rather than perceptual encoding, which has been estimated in the literature to be finished around 200–250 ms after stimulus onset. We conclude that the Stroop-like effect arises during word planning in both Stroop and PWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Shitova
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- International Max Planck Research School for Language Sciences, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Ardi Roelofs
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Herbert Schriefers
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Bastiaansen
- NHTV Breda University of Applied Science, Academy for Leisure, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Mathijs Schoffelen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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8
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Abstract
In picture–word interference experiments, participants name pictures (e.g., of a
cat) while trying to ignore distractor words. Mean response time (RT) is
typically longer with semantically related distractor words (e.g.,
dog) than with unrelated words (e.g.,
shoe), called semantic interference. Previous research has
examined the RT distributional characteristics of distractor effects by
performing ex-Gaussian analyses, which reveal whether effects are present in the
normal part of the distribution (the μ parameter), its long right tail (the τ
parameter), or both. One previous study linked the semantic interference effect
selectively to the distribution tail. In the present study, we replicated the
semantic interference effect in the mean picture naming RTs. Distributional
analysis of the RTs and those of a previous study revealed that semantic
interference was present in both μ and τ. These results provide evidence that
the effect is not selectively linked to the τ parameter, and they warn against
any simple one-to-one mapping between semantic interference and distributional
parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardi Roelofs
- a Donders Centre for Cognition (DCC), Radboud University , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Vitória Piai
- b Department of Psychology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute , University of California , Berkeley , CA , USA
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Piai V, Riès SK, Swick D. Lesions to Lateral Prefrontal Cortex Impair Lexical Interference Control in Word Production. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 9:721. [PMID: 26834614 PMCID: PMC4719099 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Speaking is an action that requires control, for example, to prevent interference from distracting or competing information present in the speaker’s environment. Control over task performance is thought to depend on the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, the neuroimaging literature does not show a consistent relation between left PFC and interference control in word production. Here, we examined the role of left PFC in interference control in word production by testing six patients with lesions to left PFC (centered around the ventrolateral PFC) on a control-demanding task. Patients and age-matched controls named pictures presented along with distractor words, inducing within-trial interference effects. We varied the degree of competing information from distractors to increase the need for interference control. Distractors were semantically related, phonologically related, unrelated to the picture name, or neutral (XXX). Both groups showed lexical interference (slower responses with unrelated than neutral distractors), reflecting naming difficulty in the presence of competing linguistic information. Relative to controls, all six left PFC patients had larger lexical interference effects. By contrast, patients did not show a consistent semantic interference effect (reflecting difficulty in selecting amongst semantic competitors) whereas the controls did. This suggests different control mechanisms may be engaged in semantic compared to lexical interference resolution in this paradigm. Finally, phonological facilitation (faster responses with phonological than unrelated distractors) was larger in patients than in controls. These findings suggest that the lateral PFC is a necessary structure in providing control over lexical interference in word production, possibly through an early attentional blocking mechanism. By contrast, the left PFC does not seem critical in semantic interference resolution in the picture-word interference paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitória Piai
- Department of Psychology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of CaliforniaBerkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; VA Northern California Health Care SystemMartinez, CA, USA
| | - Stéphanie K Riès
- Department of Psychology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of CaliforniaBerkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; VA Northern California Health Care SystemMartinez, CA, USA
| | - Diane Swick
- VA Northern California Health Care SystemMartinez, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of CaliforniaDavis, Davis, CA, USA
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Lee J, Thompson CK. Phonological facilitation effects on naming latencies and viewing times during noun and verb naming in agrammatic and anomic aphasia. APHASIOLOGY 2015; 29:1164-1188. [PMID: 26412922 PMCID: PMC4583128 DOI: 10.1080/02687038.2015.1035225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phonological priming has been shown to facilitate naming in individuals with aphasia as well as healthy speakers, resulting in faster naming latencies. However, the mechanisms of phonological facilitation (PF) in aphasia remain unclear. AIMS Within discrete vs. interactive models of lexical access, this study examined whether PF occurs via the sub-lexical or lexical route during noun and verb naming in agrammatic and anomic aphasia. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Thirteen participants with agrammatic aphasia and 10 participants with anomic aphasia and their young and age-matched controls (n=20/each) were tested. Experiment 1 examined noun and verb naming deficit patterns in an off-line confrontation naming task. Experiment 2 examined PF effects on naming both word categories using eyetracking priming paradigm. RESULTS Results of Experiment 1 showed greater naming difficulty for verbs than for nouns in the agrammatic group, with no difference between the two word categories in the anomic group. For both participant groups, errors were dominated by semantic paraphasias, indicating impaired lexical selection. In the phonological priming task (Experiment 2), young and age-matched control groups showed PF in both noun and verb naming. Interestingly, the agrammatic group showed PF when naming verbs, but not nouns, whereas the anomic group showed PF for nouns only. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with lexically mediated PF in interactive models of lexical access, selective PF for different word categories in our agrammatic and anomic groups suggest that phonological primes facilitate lexical selection via feedback activation, resulting in greater PF for more difficult (i.e., verbs in agrammatic and possibly nouns in anomic group) lexical items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Lee
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Cynthia K. Thompson
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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Mack JE, Cho-Reyes S, Kloet JD, Weintraub S, Mesulam MM, Thompson CK. Phonological facilitation of object naming in agrammatic and logopenic primary progressive aphasia (PPA). Cogn Neuropsychol 2013; 30:172-93. [PMID: 24070176 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2013.835717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Phonological processing deficits are characteristic of both the agrammatic and logopenic subtypes of primary progressive aphasia (PPA-G and PPA-L). However, it is an open question which substages of phonological processing (i.e., phonological word form retrieval, phonological encoding) are impaired in these subtypes of PPA, as well as how phonological processing deficits contribute to anomia. In the present study, participants with PPA-G (n = 7), participants with PPA-L (n = 7), and unimpaired controls (n = 17) named objects as interfering written words (phonologically related/unrelated) were presented at different stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) of 0, +100, +300, and +500 ms. Phonological facilitation (PF) effects (faster naming times with phonologically related interfering words) were found for the controls and PPA-L group only at SOA = 0 and +100 ms. However, the PPA-G group exhibited protracted PF effects (PF at SOA = 0, +100, and +300 ms). These results may reflect deficits in phonological encoding in PPA-G, but not in PPA-L, supporting the neuropsychological reality of this substage of phonological processing and the distinction between these two PPA subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Mack
- a Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL , USA
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12
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Pisoni A, Papagno C, Cattaneo Z. Neural correlates of the semantic interference effect: New evidence from transcranial direct current stimulation. Neuroscience 2012; 223:56-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Maas E, Mailend ML. Speech planning happens before speech execution: online reaction time methods in the study of apraxia of speech. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2012; 55:S1523-S1534. [PMID: 23033446 DOI: 10.1044/1092-4388(2012/11-0311)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this article is to present an argument for the use of online reaction time (RT) methods to the study of apraxia of speech (AOS) and to review the existing small literature in this area and the contributions it has made to our fundamental understanding of speech planning (deficits) in AOS. METHOD Following a brief description of limitations of offline perceptual methods, we provide a narrative review of various types of RT paradigms from the (speech) motor programming and psycholinguistic literatures and their (thus far limited) application with AOS. CONCLUSION On the basis of the review of the literature, we conclude that with careful consideration of potential challenges and caveats, RT approaches hold great promise to advance our understanding of AOS, in particular with respect to the speech planning processes that generate the speech signal before initiation. A deeper understanding of the nature and time course of speech planning and its disruptions in AOS may enhance diagnosis and treatment for AOS. RESULTS Only a handful of published studies on apraxia of speech have used reaction time methods. However, these studies have provided deeper insight into speech planning impairments in AOS based on a variety of experimental paradigms.
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Thompson CK, Cho S, Price C, Wieneke C, Bonakdarpour B, Rogalski E, Weintraub S, Mesulam MM. Semantic interference during object naming in agrammatic and logopenic primary progressive aphasia (PPA). BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2012; 120:237-250. [PMID: 22244508 PMCID: PMC3299898 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 08/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the time course of object naming in 21 individuals with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) (8 agrammatic (PPA-G); 13 logopenic (PPA-L)) and healthy age-matched speakers (n=17) using a semantic interference paradigm with related and unrelated interfering stimuli presented at stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) of -1000, -500, -100 and 0 ms. Results showed semantic interference (SI) (i.e. significantly slower RTs in related compared to unrelated conditions) for all groups at -500, -100 and 0 ms, indicating timely spreading activation to semantic competitors. However, both PPA groups showed a greater magnitude of SI than normal across SOAs. The PPA-L group and six PPA-G participants also evinced SI at -1000 ms, suggesting an abnormal time course of semantic interference resolution, and concomitant left hemisphere cortical atrophy in brain regions associated with semantic processing. These subtle semantic mapping impairments in non-semantic variants of PPA may contribute to the anomia of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia K Thompson
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, United States.
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