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Bonin S, D’Errico S, Medeot C, Moreschi C, Ciglieri SS, Peruch M, Concato M, Azzalini E, Previderè C, Fattorini P. Evaluation of a Set of miRNAs in 26 Cases of Fatal Traumatic Brain Injuries. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10836. [PMID: 37446013 PMCID: PMC10341445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In forensic medicine, identifying novel biomarkers for use as diagnostic tools to ascertain causes of death is challenging because of sample degradation. To that aim, a cohort (n = 26) of fatal traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) were tested for three candidate miRNAs (namely, miR-124-3p, miR-138-5p, and miR144-3p). For each case, three FFPE specimens (coup area (CA), contrecoup area (CCA), and the corpus callosum (CC)) were investigated, whereas the FFPE brain tissues of 45 subjects (deceased due to acute cardiovascular events) were used as controls. Relative quantification via the ∆∆Ct method returned significantly higher expression levels of the three candidate miRNAs (p < 0.01) in the TBI cases. No difference was detected in the expression levels of any miRNA investigated in the study among the CA, CCA, and CC. Furthermore, the analyzed miRNAs were unrelated to the TBI samples' post-mortem intervals (PMIs). On the contrary, has-miR-124-3p ahashsa-miR-144-3p were significantly correlated (p < 0.01) with the agonal time in TBI deaths. Since the RNA was highly degraded in autoptic FFPE tissues, it was impossible to analyze the mRNA targets of the miRNAs investigated in the present study, highlighting the necessity of standardizing pre-analytical processes even for autopsy tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bonin
- DSM—Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (S.B.); (C.M.); (S.S.C.); (M.P.); (M.C.); (E.A.); (P.F.)
| | - Stefano D’Errico
- DSM—Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (S.B.); (C.M.); (S.S.C.); (M.P.); (M.C.); (E.A.); (P.F.)
| | - Caterina Medeot
- DSM—Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (S.B.); (C.M.); (S.S.C.); (M.P.); (M.C.); (E.A.); (P.F.)
| | - Carlo Moreschi
- DAME—Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Solange Sorçaburu Ciglieri
- DSM—Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (S.B.); (C.M.); (S.S.C.); (M.P.); (M.C.); (E.A.); (P.F.)
| | - Michela Peruch
- DSM—Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (S.B.); (C.M.); (S.S.C.); (M.P.); (M.C.); (E.A.); (P.F.)
| | - Monica Concato
- DSM—Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (S.B.); (C.M.); (S.S.C.); (M.P.); (M.C.); (E.A.); (P.F.)
| | - Eros Azzalini
- DSM—Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (S.B.); (C.M.); (S.S.C.); (M.P.); (M.C.); (E.A.); (P.F.)
| | - Carlo Previderè
- Department of Public Health, Experimental, and Forensic Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Paolo Fattorini
- DSM—Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (S.B.); (C.M.); (S.S.C.); (M.P.); (M.C.); (E.A.); (P.F.)
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2
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Traumatic MicroRNAs: Deconvolving the Signal After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:1061-1075. [PMID: 35852739 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01254-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
History of traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a significant risk factor for development of dementia and neurodegenerative disorders in later life. While histopathological sequelae and neurological diagnostics of TBI are well defined, the molecular events linking the post-TBI signaling and neurodegenerative cascades remain unknown. It is not only due to the brain's inaccessibility to direct molecular analysis but also due to the lack of well-defined and highly informative peripheral biomarkers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in blood are promising candidates to address this gap. Using integrative bioinformatics pipeline including miRNA:target identification, pathway enrichment, and protein-protein interactions analysis we identified set of genes, interacting proteins, and pathways that are connected to previously reported peripheral miRNAs, deregulated following severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) in humans. This meta-analysis revealed a spectrum of genes closely related to critical biological processes, such as neuroregeneration including axon guidance and neurite outgrowth, neurotransmission, inflammation, proliferation, apoptosis, cell adhesion, and response to DNA damage. More importantly, we have identified molecular pathways associated with neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, based on purely peripheral markers. The pathway signature after acute sTBI is similar to the one observed in chronic neurodegenerative conditions, which implicates a link between the post-sTBI signaling and neurodegeneration. Identified key hub interacting proteins represent a group of novel candidates for potential therapeutic targets or biomarkers.
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Albano GD, Stassi C, Argo A, Zerbo S. An Overview on the Use of miRNAs as Possible Forensic Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076503. [PMID: 37047473 PMCID: PMC10094817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining the cause of death is one of the main goals of forensic pathology. However, conditions can occur in which common approaches—external inspection, autopsy, histology, etc.—might not be conclusive. With the advancement of molecular biology, several investigative techniques have been developed over the years, and the application as approaches complementary to routine procedures has proved useful in these cases. In this context, microRNA (miRNA) profiling has attracted increasing interest due to these molecules’ ability to regulate physiological and pathological processes. The evidence of differential miRNA expression in both animal models and human samples of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has laid the basis for comprehension of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, thus allowing us to identify some of them as possible TBI diagnostic biomarkers. The present narrative review aims to explore the primary miRNAs involved in the mechanisms underlying TBI, which could be considered for future evaluation as possible markers in a post mortem setting.
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YTHDF1 Attenuates TBI-Induced Brain-Gut Axis Dysfunction in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044240. [PMID: 36835655 PMCID: PMC9966860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain-gut axis (BGA) is a significant bidirectional communication pathway between the brain and gut. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induced neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation can affect gut functions through BGA. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), as the most popular posttranscriptional modification of eukaryotic mRNA, has recently been identified as playing important roles in both the brain and gut. However, whether m6A RNA methylation modification is involved in TBI-induced BGA dysfunction is not clear. Here, we showed that YTHDF1 knockout reduced histopathological lesions and decreased the levels of apoptosis, inflammation, and oedema proteins in brain and gut tissues in mice after TBI. We also found that YTHDF1 knockout improved fungal mycobiome abundance and probiotic (particularly Akkermansia) colonization in mice at 3 days post-CCI. Then, we identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the cortex between YTHDF1-knockout and WT mice. These genes were primarily enriched in the regulation of neurotransmitter-related neuronal signalling pathways, inflammatory signalling pathways, and apoptotic signalling pathways. This study reveals that the ITGA6-mediated cell adhesion molecule signalling pathway may be the key feature of m6A regulation in TBI-induced BGA dysfunction. Our results suggest that YTHDF1 knockout could attenuate TBI-induced BGA dysfunction.
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Wyczechowska D, Harch PG, Mullenix S, Fannin ES, Chiappinelli BB, Jeansonne D, Lassak A, Bazan NG, Peruzzi F. Serum microRNAs associated with concussion in football players. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1155479. [PMID: 37144000 PMCID: PMC10151480 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1155479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mild TBI)/concussion is a common sports injury, especially common in football players. Repeated concussions are thought to lead to long-term brain damage including chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). With the worldwide growing interest in studying sport-related concussion the search for biomarkers for early diagnosis and progression of neuronal injury has also became priority. MicroRNAs are short, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Due to their high stability in biological fluids, microRNAs can serve as biomarkers in a variety of diseases including pathologies of the nervous system. In this exploratory study, we have evaluated changes in the expression of selected serum miRNAs in collegiate football players obtained during a full practice and game season. We found a miRNA signature that can distinguish with good specificity and sensitivity players with concussions from non-concussed players. Furthermore, we found miRNAs associated with the acute phase (let-7c-5p, miR-16-5p, miR-181c-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-154-5p, miR-431-5p, miR-151a-5p, miR-181d-5p, miR-487b-3p, miR-377-3p, miR-17-5p, miR-22-3p, and miR-126-5p) and those whose changes persist up to 4 months after concussion (miR-17-5p and miR-22-3p).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Wyczechowska
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Paul G. Harch
- Department of Medicine, Section of Emergency Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Shelly Mullenix
- LSU Athletics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Erin S. Fannin
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Brenda B. Chiappinelli
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Duane Jeansonne
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Adam Lassak
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Nicolas G. Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Francesca Peruzzi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Francesca Peruzzi
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6
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The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Optic Nerve Injury: Neuroprotection and Mitochondrial Homeostasis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233720. [PMID: 36496979 PMCID: PMC9738450 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapies hold great promise as alternative treatments for incurable optic nerve disorders. Although mesenchymal stem cells exhibit various tissue regeneration and recovery capabilities that may serve as valuable therapies, the clinical applications remain limited. Thus, we investigated the utility of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPSCs) in this context. Hypoxically preconditioned hPSCs (HPPSCs) were prepared via short-term incubation under 2.2% O2 and 5.5% CO2. The EVs were then isolated. R28 cells (retinal precursor cells) were exposed to CoCl2 and treated with EVs for 24 h. Cell proliferation and regeneration were measured using a BrdU assay and immunoblotting; ATP quantification revealed the extent of the mitochondrial function. The proteome was determined via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected and their interactions identified. HPPSC_EVs functions were explored using animal models of optic nerve compression. HPPSC_EVs restored cell proliferation and mitochondrial quality control in R28 cells damaged by CoCl2. We identified DEPs (p < 0.05) that aided recovery. The mitochondrial DEPs included LONP1; PARK7; VDAC1, 2, and 3; HSPD1; and HSPA9. EVs regulated the levels of mitophagic proteins in R28 cells injured by hypoxia; the protein levels did not increase in LONP1 knockdown cells. LONP1 is a key mediator of the mitophagy that restores mitochondrial function after hypoxia-induced optic nerve injury.
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7
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A review of molecular and genetic factors for determining mild traumatic brain injury severity and recovery. BRAIN DISORDERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dscb.2022.100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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8
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Minnier J, Emmett MR, Perez R, Ding LH, Barnette BL, Larios RE, Hong C, Hwang TH, Yu Y, Fallgren CM, Story MD, Weil MM, Raber J. Associations between lipids in selected brain regions, plasma miRNA, and behavioral and cognitive measures following 28Si ion irradiation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14899. [PMID: 34290258 PMCID: PMC8295277 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93869-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The space radiation environment consists of multiple species of charged particles, including 28Si ions, that may impact brain function during and following missions. To develop biomarkers of the space radiation response, BALB/c and C3H female and male mice and their F2 hybrid progeny were irradiated with 28Si ions (350 MeV/n, 0.2 Gy) and tested for behavioral and cognitive performance 1, 6, and 12 months following irradiation. The plasma of the mice was collected for analysis of miRNA levels. Select pertinent brain regions were dissected for lipidomic analyses and analyses of levels of select biomarkers shown to be sensitive to effects of space radiation in previous studies. There were associations between lipids in select brain regions, plasma miRNA, and cognitive measures and behavioral following 28Si ion irradiation. Different but overlapping sets of miRNAs in plasma were found to be associated with cognitive measures and behavioral in sham and irradiated mice at the three time points. The radiation condition revealed pathways involved in neurodegenerative conditions and cancers. Levels of the dendritic marker MAP2 in the cortex were higher in irradiated than sham-irradiated mice at middle age, which might be part of a compensatory response. Relationships were also revealed with CD68 in miRNAs in an anatomical distinct fashion, suggesting that distinct miRNAs modulate neuroinflammation in different brain regions. The associations between lipids in selected brain regions, plasma miRNA, and behavioral and cognitive measures following 28Si ion irradiation could be used for the development of biomarker of the space radiation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Minnier
- Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Knight Cancer Institute Biostatistics Shared Resource, and the Knight Cardiovascular Institute, OR Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Mark R Emmett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch Cancer Center, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Ruby Perez
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, L470, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Liang-Hao Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Brooke L Barnette
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch Cancer Center, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Rianna E Larios
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch Cancer Center, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Changjin Hong
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine US, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Tae Hyun Hwang
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine US, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, GU Malignancies Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Genomic Medicine Institute, Case Western Reserve University US., Cleveland, OH, 10900, USA
| | - Yongjia Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch Cancer Center, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Christina M Fallgren
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Michael D Story
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michael M Weil
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, L470, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- Division of Neuroscience ONPRC, Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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Plasma miR-9-3p and miR-136-3p as Potential Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers for Experimental and Human Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041563. [PMID: 33557217 PMCID: PMC7913923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive, affordable circulating biomarkers for difficult-to-diagnose mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are an unmet medical need. Although blood microRNA (miRNA) levels are reportedly altered after traumatic brain injury (TBI), their diagnostic potential for mTBI remains inconclusive. We hypothesized that acutely altered plasma miRNAs could serve as diagnostic biomarkers both in the lateral fluid percussion injury (FPI) model and clinical mTBI. We performed plasma small RNA-sequencing from adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 31) at 2 days post-TBI, followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based validation of selected candidates. miR-9a-3p, miR-136-3p, and miR-434-3p were identified as the most promising candidates at 2 days after lateral FPI. Digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) revealed 4.2-, 2.8-, and 4.6-fold elevations in miR-9a-3p, miR-136-3p, and miR-434-3p levels (p < 0.01 for all), respectively, distinguishing rats with mTBI from naïve rats with 100% sensitivity and specificity. DdPCR further identified a subpopulation of mTBI patients with plasma miR-9-3p (n = 7/15) and miR-136-3p (n = 5/15) levels higher than one standard deviation above the control mean at <2 days postinjury. In sTBI patients, plasma miR-9-3p levels were 6.5- and 9.2-fold in comparison to the mTBI and control groups, respectively. Thus, plasma miR-9-3p and miR-136-3p were identified as promising biomarker candidates for mTBI requiring further evaluation in a larger patient population.
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Devoto C, Lai C, Qu BX, Guedes VA, Leete J, Wilde E, Walker WC, Diaz-Arrastia R, Kenney K, Gill J. Exosomal MicroRNAs in Military Personnel with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Preliminary Results from the Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium Biomarker Discovery Project. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:2482-2492. [PMID: 32458732 PMCID: PMC7698974 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are common among veterans and service members, and represent a significant source of morbidity, with those who sustain multiple mTBIs at greatest risk. Exosomal micro-RNAs (miRNAs), mediators of intercellular communication, may be involved in chronic TBI symptom persistence. Exosomal miRNA (exomiR) was extracted from 153 participants enrolled in the Chronic Effect of Neurotrauma Consortium (CENC) longitudinal study (no TBI, n = 35; ≥ 3 mTBIs (rTBI), n = 45; 1-2 mTBIs, n = 73). Analyses were performed with nCounter® Human miRNA Expression Panels and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) for identification of gene networks associated with TBI. Generalized linear models were used to analyze the predictive value of exomiR dysregulation and remote neurobehavioral symptoms. Compared with controls, there were 17 dysregulated exomiRs in the entire mTBI group and 32 dysregulated exomiRs in the rTBI group. Two miRNAs, hsa-miR-139-5p and hsa-miR-18a-5p, were significantly differentially expressed in the rTBI and 1-2 mTBI groups. IPA analyses showed that these dysregulated exomiRs correlated with pathways of inflammatory regulation, neurological disease, and cell development. Within the rTBI group, exomiRs correlated with gene activity for hub-genes of tumor protein TP53, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, and transforming growth factor beta. TBI history and neurobehavioral symptom survey scores negatively and significantly correlated with hsa-miR-103a-3p expression. Participants with remote mTBI have distinct exomiR profiles, which are significantly linked to inflammatory and neuronal repair pathways. These profiles suggest that analysis of exosomal miRNA expression may provide novel insights into the underlying pathobiology of chronic TBI symptom persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Devoto
- Tissue Injury Branch, National Institutes of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Rehabilitation Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chen Lai
- Tissue Injury Branch, National Institutes of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bao-Xi Qu
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- CENC Biorepository, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Twinbrook, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Vivian A. Guedes
- Tissue Injury Branch, National Institutes of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jacqueline Leete
- Tissue Injury Branch, National Institutes of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elisabeth Wilde
- CENC Imaging Core, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - William C. Walker
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ramon Diaz-Arrastia
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kimbra Kenney
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- CENC Biorepository, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Twinbrook, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica Gill
- Tissue Injury Branch, National Institutes of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Rehabilitation Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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11
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miRNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Traumatic Brain Injury: Pathway From Diagnosis to Neurorehabilitation. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2020; 36:E155-E169. [PMID: 33201038 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers that can advance precision neurorehabilitation of the traumatic brain injury (TBI) are needed. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have biological properties that could make them well suited for playing key roles in differential diagnoses and prognoses and informing likelihood of responsiveness to specific treatments. OBJECTIVE To review the evidence of miRNA alterations after TBI and evaluate the state of science relative to potential neurorehabilitation applications of TBI-specific miRNAs. METHODS This scoping review includes 57 animal and human studies evaluating miRNAs after TBI. PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar search engines were used. RESULTS Gold standard analytic steps for miRNA biomarker assessment are presented. Published studies evaluating the evidence for miRNAs as potential biomarkers for TBI diagnosis, severity, natural recovery, and treatment-induced outcomes were reviewed including statistical evaluation. Growing evidence for specific miRNAs, including miR21, as TBI biomarkers is presented. CONCLUSIONS There is evidence of differential miRNA expression in TBI in both human and animal models; however, gaps need to be filled in terms of replication using rigorous, standardized methods to isolate a consistent set of miRNA changes. Longitudinal studies in TBI are needed to understand how miRNAs could be implemented as biomarkers in clinical practice.
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12
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Chen Y, Herrold AA, Martinovich Z, Bari S, Vike NL, Blood AJ, Walter AE, Harezlak J, Seidenberg PH, Bhomia M, Knollmann-Ritschel B, Stetsiv K, Reilly JL, Nauman EA, Talavage TM, Papa L, Slobounov S, Breiter HC. Brain Perfusion Mediates the Relationship Between miRNA Levels and Postural Control. Cereb Cortex Commun 2020; 1:tgaa078. [PMID: 34296137 PMCID: PMC8153038 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgaa078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptomics, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), and a virtual reality-based spatial motor task were integrated using mediation analysis in a novel demonstration of “imaging omics.” Data collected in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I football athletes cleared for play before in-season training showed significant relationships in 1) elevated levels of miR-30d and miR-92a to elevated putamen rCBF, 2) elevated putamen rCBF to compromised Balance scores, and 3) compromised Balance scores to elevated microRNA (miRNA) levels. rCBF acted as a consistent mediator variable (Sobel’s test P < 0.05) between abnormal miRNA levels and compromised Balance scores. Given the involvement of these miRNAs in inflammation and immune function and that vascular perfusion is a component of the inflammatory response, these findings support a chronic inflammatory model in these athletes with 11 years of average football exposure. rCBF, a systems biology measure, was necessary for miRNA to affect behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufen Chen
- Center for Translational Imaging, Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Amy A Herrold
- Edward Hines Jr., VA Hospital, Research Service, Hines, IL 60141, USA
| | - Zoran Martinovich
- Mental Health Services and Policy Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sumra Bari
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nicole L Vike
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Anne J Blood
- Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Alexa E Walter
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Harezlak
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Peter H Seidenberg
- Departments of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation and Family & Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Manish Bhomia
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Khrystyna Stetsiv
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - James L Reilly
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Eric A Nauman
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Thomas M Talavage
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Linda Papa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Semyon Slobounov
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Hans C Breiter
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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13
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Koh K, Park M, Bae ES, Duong VA, Park JM, Lee H, Lew H. UBA2 activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway during protection of R28 retinal precursor cells from hypoxia by extracellular vesicles derived from placental mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:428. [PMID: 33008487 PMCID: PMC7532108 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01943-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stem cell transplantation has been proposed as an alternative treatment for intractable optic nerve disorders characterized by irrecoverable loss of cells. Mesenchymal stem cells, with varying tissue regeneration and recovery capabilities, are being considered for potential cell therapies. To overcome the limitations of cell therapy, we isolated exosomes from human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) and investigated their therapeutic effects in R28 cells (retinal precursor cells) exposed to CoCl2. Method After 9 h of exposure to CoCl2, the hypoxic damaged R28 cells were divided into the non-treatment group (CoCl2 + R28 cells) and treatment group (CoCl2 + R28 cells treated with exosome). Immunoblot analysis was performed for Pcna, Hif-1α, Vegf, Vimentin, Thy-1, Gap43, Ermn, Neuroflament, Wnt3a, β-catenin, phospo-GSK3β, Lef-1, UBA2, Skp1, βTrcp, and ubiquitin. The proteomes of each group were analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass (LC-MS/MS) spectrometry. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected by label-free quantification, and the interactions of the proteins were examined through signal transduction pathway and gene ontology analysis. Result We observed that exosome could significantly recover proliferation damaged by CoCl2 treatment. In addition, the treatment group presented the decreased expression of Hif-1α protein (P < 0.05) and increased expression of proliferation marker, Pcna, and nerve regeneration-related factors such as Vimentin, Thy-1, and Neuroflament (P < 0.05) compared with the non-treatment group. In total, 200 DEPs were identified in the non-treatment group and treatment group (fold change ≥ 2, p < 0.05). Catenin and ubiquitin systems (UBA2, UBE2E3, UBE2I) were found in both the DEP lists of downregulated proteins from the non-treatment group and upregulated proteins from the treatment group. The mRNA expressions of ubiquitin systems were significantly decreased under hypoxic conditions. Moreover, UBA2 and Wnt/β-catenin protein were associated with the rescue of the hypoxic damaged R28 cells. Using a siRNA system, we could find it out that hPMSC exosomes could not repair altered expressions of target proteins by CoCl2 in lacking UBA2 R28 cells. Conclusion This study reported that hypoxic damaged expression of regeneration markers in R28 cells was significantly recovered by hPMSC exosomes. We could also demonstrate that UBA2 played a key role in activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway during protection of hypoxic damaged R28 cells, induced by hPMSC exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmin Koh
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mira Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Soo Bae
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Van-An Duong
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Moon Park
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hookeun Lee
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Helen Lew
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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14
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miR-142-3p Expression Is Predictive for Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) in Trauma Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155381. [PMID: 32751105 PMCID: PMC7432828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predictive biomarkers in biofluids are the most commonly used diagnostic method, but established markers in trauma diagnostics lack accuracy. This study investigates promising microRNAs (miRNA) released from affected tissue after severe trauma that have predictive values for the effects of the injury. METHODS A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data and blood samples of n = 33 trauma patients (ISS ≥ 16) is provided. Levels of miR-9-5p, -124-3p, -142-3p, -219a-5p, -338-3p and -423-3p in severely injured patients (PT) without traumatic brain injury (TBI) or with severe TBI (PT + TBI) and patients with isolated TBI (isTBI) were measured within 6 h after trauma. RESULTS The highest miR-423-3p expression was detected in patients with severe isTBI, followed by patients with PT + TBI, and lowest levels were found in PT patients without TBI (2-∆∆Ct, p = 0.009). A positive correlation between miR-423-3p level and increasing AIShead (p = 0.001) and risk of mortality (RISC II, p = 0.062) in trauma patients (n = 33) was found. ROC analysis of miR-423-3p levels revealed them as statistically significant to predict the severity of brain injury in trauma patients (p = 0.006). miR-124-3p was only found in patients with severe TBI, miR-338-3p was shown in all trauma groups. miR-9-5p, miR-142-3p and miR-219a-5p could not be detected in any of the four groups. CONCLUSION miR-423-3p expression is significantly elevated after isolated traumatic brain injury and predictable for severe TBI in the first hours after trauma. miR-423-3p could represent a promising new biomarker to identify severe isolated TBI.
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15
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Bertogliat MJ, Morris-Blanco KC, Vemuganti R. Epigenetic mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases and acute brain injury. Neurochem Int 2020; 133:104642. [PMID: 31838024 PMCID: PMC8074401 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are emerging as major players in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders and susceptibility to acute brain injury. DNA and histone modifications act together with non-coding RNAs to form a complex gene expression machinery that adapts the brain to environmental stressors and injury response. These modifications influence cell-level operations like neurogenesis and DNA repair to large, intricate processes such as brain patterning, memory formation, motor function and cognition. Thus, epigenetic imbalance has been shown to influence the progression of many neurological disorders independent of aberrations in the genetic code. This review aims to highlight ways in which epigenetics applies to several commonly researched neurodegenerative diseases and forms of acute brain injury as well as shed light on the benefits of epigenetics-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario J Bertogliat
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kahlilia C Morris-Blanco
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; William S. Middleton VA Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; William S. Middleton VA Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
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16
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Wang P, Ma H, Zhang Y, Zeng R, Yu J, Liu R, Jin X, Zhao Y. Plasma Exosome-derived MicroRNAs as Novel Biomarkers of Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:437-448. [PMID: 32174774 PMCID: PMC7053301 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.39667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a widespread central nervous system (CNS) condition and a leading cause of death, disability, and long-term disability including seizures and emotional and behavioral issues. To date, applicable diagnostic biomarkers have not been elucidated. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are enriched and stable in exosomes in plasma. Therefore, we speculated that miRNAs in plasma exosomes might serve as novel biomarkers for TBI diagnosis and are also involved in the pathogenesis of TBI. In this study, we first isolated exosomes from peripheral blood plasma in rats with TBI and then investigated the alterations in miRNA expression in exosomes by high-throughput RNA sequencing. As a result, we identified 50 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs, including 31 upregulated and 19 downregulated miRNAs. Then, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that the most highly correlated pathways that were identified were the MAPK signaling pathway, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, Rap1 signaling pathway and Ras signaling pathway. This study provides novel perspectives on miRNAs in peripheral blood plasma exosomes, which not only could be used as biomarkers of TBI diagnosis but could also be manipulated as therapeutic targets of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Wang
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Haoli Ma
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yuxian Zhang
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jiangtao Yu
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ruining Liu
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaoqing Jin
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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17
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Martinez BI, Stabenfeldt SE. Current trends in biomarker discovery and analysis tools for traumatic brain injury. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:16. [PMID: 30828380 PMCID: PMC6381710 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-019-0145-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects 1.7 million people in the United States each year, causing lifelong functional deficits in cognition and behavior. The complex pathophysiology of neural injury is a primary barrier to developing sensitive and specific diagnostic tools, which consequentially has a detrimental effect on treatment regimens. Biomarkers of other diseases (e.g. cancer) have provided critical insight into disease emergence and progression that lend to developing powerful clinical tools for intervention. Therefore, the biomarker discovery field has recently focused on TBI and made substantial advancements to characterize markers with promise of transforming TBI patient diagnostics and care. This review focuses on these key advances in neural injury biomarkers discovery, including novel approaches spanning from omics-based approaches to imaging and machine learning as well as the evolution of established techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana I. Martinez
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Ira A. Fulton School of Engineering, Arizona State University, PO Box 879709, Tempe, AZ 85287-9709 USA
| | - Sarah E. Stabenfeldt
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Ira A. Fulton School of Engineering, Arizona State University, PO Box 879709, Tempe, AZ 85287-9709 USA
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18
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LaRocca D, Barns S, Hicks SD, Brindle A, Williams J, Uhlig R, Johnson P, Neville C, Middleton FA. Comparison of serum and saliva miRNAs for identification and characterization of mTBI in adult mixed martial arts fighters. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0207785. [PMID: 30601825 PMCID: PMC6314626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide, with mild TBI (mTBI) accounting for 85% of cases. mTBI is also implicated in serious long-term sequelae including second impact syndrome and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. mTBI often goes undiagnosed due to delayed symptom onset and limited sensitivity of conventional assessment measures compared with severe TBI. Current efforts seek to identify accurate and reliable non-invasive biomarkers associated with functional measures relevant to long-term outcomes. Here we evaluated the utility of serum and salivary microRNAs (miRNAs) to serve as sensitive and specific peripheral biomarkers of possible mTBI. Our primary objectives were to establish the relationship between peripheral measures of miRNA, objective quantification of head impacts, and sensitive indices of balance and cognitive function in healthy young adult athletes. A secondary objective was to compare the sensitivity of miRNA versus commonly used blood-based protein biomarkers. 50 amateur mixed martial arts (MMA) fighters participated. 216 saliva and serum samples were collected at multiple time points, both pre- and post-fight. Levels of 10 serum proteins were compared in a subset of the fighters (n = 24). Levels of miRNAs were obtained by next generation sequencing. Functional outcomes were evaluated using a computerized assessment system that measured cognitive performance, body sway, and combined cognitive performance and body sway during dual task completion. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression for predictive classification, analysis of variance, correlation analysis and principal component analysis. We identified a subset of salivary and serum miRNAs that showed robust utility at predicting TBI likelihood and demonstrated quantitative associations with head impacts as well as cognitive and balance measures. In contrast, serum proteins demonstrated far less utility. We also found that the timing of the responses varies in saliva and serum, which is a critical observation for biomarker studies to consider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria LaRocca
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY United States of America
| | - Sarah Barns
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY United States of America
- Quadrant Biosciences, Inc., 405 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
| | - Steven D. Hicks
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Andrew Brindle
- Quadrant Biosciences, Inc., 405 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Williams
- Quadrant Biosciences, Inc., 405 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
| | - Richard Uhlig
- Quadrant Biosciences, Inc., 405 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
| | - Paul Johnson
- College of Health Professions—Clinical Laboratory Science, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
| | - Christopher Neville
- Department of Physical Therapy Education, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
| | - Frank A. Middleton
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Yin C, Guo ZD, He ZZ, Wang ZY, Sun XC. Apolipoprotein E Affects In Vitro Axonal Growth and Regeneration via the MAPK Signaling Pathway. Cell Transplant 2018; 28:691-703. [PMID: 30350715 PMCID: PMC6686436 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718808736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Following central nervous system injury in mammals, failed axonal regeneration is closely related to dysneuria. Previous studies have shown that the obvious effects of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) on traumatic brain injury (TBI) were associated with an axonal mechanism. However, little information on the actions of ApoE and its isoforms on axonal regeneration following TBI was provided. In our study, the cerebral cortices of ApoE-deficient (ApoE-/-) and wild-type (ApoE+/+) mice were cultured in vitro, and an axonal transection model was established. Interventions included the conditioned medium of astrocytes, human recombinant ApoE2/3/4 isoforms and inhibitors of the JNK/ERK/p38 pathway. Axonal growth and regeneration were evaluated by measuring the maximum distance and area of the axons. The expression levels of β-tubulin III, MAP2, ApoE, p-JNK, p-ERK and p-p38 were detected by immunofluorescence and western blotting. The results showed that ApoE mRNA and protein were expressed in intact axons and regenerated axons. Axonal growth and regeneration were attenuated in ApoE-/- mice but recovered by exogenous ApoE. Human recombinant ApoE3 positively influenced axonal growth and regeneration; these effects were mediated by the JNK/ERK/p38 pathway. These results suggest ApoE and its isoforms may have influenced axonal growth and regeneration via the MAPK signaling pathway in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yin
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zong-Duo Guo
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zong-Ze He
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Wang
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Sun
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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20
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Hydrogen Gas Treatment Improves the Neurological Outcome After Traumatic Brain Injury Via Increasing miR-21 Expression. Shock 2018; 50:308-315. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Ji W, Jiao J, Cheng C, Shao J. MicroRNA-21 in the Pathogenesis of Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1863-1868. [PMID: 30066160 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2602-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), an abundant class of small noncoding RNA molecules, which regulate gene expression by functioning as post-transcriptional regulatory factors, have been identified as key components of traumatic brain injury (TBI) progression. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is a recently identified typical miRNA that is involved in the signaling pathways of inflammation, neuronal apoptosis, reactive gliosis, disruption of blood brain barrier, angiogenesis and recovery process induced by physical exercises in TBI. Hence, miR-21 is now considered as a potential therapeutic target of TBI. We review the correlative literature and research progress regarding the roles of miR-21 in TBI in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiantong Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfei Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) injuries, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI), are important causes of death and long-term disability worldwide. MicroRNA (miRNA), small non-coding RNA molecules that negatively regulate gene expression, can serve as diagnostic biomarkers and are emerging as novel therapeutic targets for CNS injuries. MiRNA-based therapeutics include miRNA mimics and inhibitors (antagomiRs) to respectively decrease and increase the expression of target genes. In this review, we summarize current miRNA-based therapeutic applications in stroke, TBI and SCI. Administration methods, time windows and dosage for effective delivery of miRNA-based drugs into CNS are discussed. The underlying mechanisms of miRNA-based therapeutics are reviewed including oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, blood-brain barrier protection, angiogenesis and neurogenesis. Pharmacological agents that protect against CNS injuries by targeting specific miRNAs are presented along with the challenges and therapeutic potential of miRNA-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Sun
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Da Zhi Liu
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Glen C Jickling
- Department of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Frank R Sharp
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ke-Jie Yin
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Ke-Jie Yin, Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, BST S514, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Da Zhi Liu, Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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23
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Ganau M, Syrmos N, Paris M, Ganau L, Ligarotti GKI, Moghaddamjou A, Chibbaro S, Soddu A, Ambu R, Prisco L. Current and Future Applications of Biomedical Engineering for Proteomic Profiling: Predictive Biomarkers in Neuro-Traumatology. MEDICINES 2018; 5:medicines5010019. [PMID: 29401743 PMCID: PMC5874584 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review aims to summarize the impact of nanotechnology and biomedical engineering in defining clinically meaningful predictive biomarkers in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), a critical worldwide health problem with an estimated 10 billion people affected annually worldwide. Data were collected through a review of the existing English literature performed on Scopus, MEDLINE, MEDLINE in Process, EMBASE, and/or Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Only experimental articles revolving around the management of TBI, in which the role of new devices based on innovative discoveries coming from the field of nanotechnology and biomedical engineering were highlighted, have been included and analyzed in this study. Based on theresults gathered from this research on innovative methods for genomics, epigenomics, and proteomics, their future application in this field seems promising. Despite the outstanding technical challenges of identifying reliable biosignatures for TBI and the mixed nature of studies herein described (single cells proteomics, biofilms, sensors, etc.), the clinical implementation of those discoveries will allow us to gain confidence in the use of advanced neuromonitoring modalities with a potential dramatic improvement in the management of those patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Ganau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.
- School of Medicine, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Nikolaos Syrmos
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54623 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Marco Paris
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
| | - Laura Ganau
- School of Medicine, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
| | | | - Ali Moghaddamjou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.
| | - Salvatore Chibbaro
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Andrea Soddu
- Brain and Mind Institute, Physics & Astronomy Department, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Rossano Ambu
- School of Medicine, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Lara Prisco
- John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
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24
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Najem D, Rennie K, Ribecco-Lutkiewicz M, Ly D, Haukenfrers J, Liu Q, Nzau M, Fraser DD, Bani-Yaghoub M. Traumatic brain injury: classification, models, and markers. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:391-406. [PMID: 29370536 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2016-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Due to its high incidence rate and often long-term sequelae, TBI contributes significantly to increasing costs of health care expenditures annually. Unfortunately, advances in the field have been stifled by patient and injury heterogeneity that pose a major challenge in TBI prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. In this review, we briefly discuss the causes of TBI, followed by its prevalence, classification, and pathophysiology. The current imaging detection methods and animal models used to study brain injury are examined. We discuss the potential use of molecular markers in detecting and monitoring the progression of TBI, with particular emphasis on microRNAs as a novel class of molecular modulators of injury and its repair in the neural tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dema Najem
- a Department of Translational Bioscience, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Kerry Rennie
- a Department of Translational Bioscience, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Maria Ribecco-Lutkiewicz
- a Department of Translational Bioscience, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Dao Ly
- a Department of Translational Bioscience, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Julie Haukenfrers
- a Department of Translational Bioscience, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Qing Liu
- a Department of Translational Bioscience, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.,b Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Munyao Nzau
- c Paediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Douglas D Fraser
- d Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada.,e Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Mahmud Bani-Yaghoub
- a Department of Translational Bioscience, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.,f Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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Nagalakshmi B., Sagarkar S, Sakharkar AJ. Epigenetic Mechanisms of Traumatic Brain Injuries. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 157:263-298. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Johnson JJ, Loeffert AC, Stokes J, Olympia RP, Bramley H, Hicks SD. Association of Salivary MicroRNA Changes With Prolonged Concussion Symptoms. JAMA Pediatr 2018; 172:65-73. [PMID: 29159407 PMCID: PMC5833519 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.3884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Approximately one-third of children who experience a concussion develop prolonged concussion symptoms. To our knowledge, there are currently no objective or easily administered tests for predicting prolonged concussion symptoms. Several studies have identified alterations in epigenetic molecules known as microRNAs (miRNAs) following traumatic brain injury. No studies have examined whether miRNA expression can detect prolonged concussion symptoms. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of salivary miRNAs for identifying children with concussion who are at risk for prolonged symptoms. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective cohort study at the Penn State Medical Center observed 52 patients aged 7 to 21 years presenting for evaluation of concussion within 14 days of initial head injury, with follow-up at 4 and 8 weeks. EXPOSURES All patients had a clinical diagnosis of concussion. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Salivary miRNA expression was measured at the time of initial clinical presentation in all patients. Patients with a Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT3) symptom score of 5 or greater on self-report or parent report 4 weeks after injury were designated as having prolonged symptoms. RESULTS Of the 52 included participants, 22 (42%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 14 (3) years. Participants were split into the prolonged symptom group (n = 30) and acute symptom group (n = 22). Concentrations of 15 salivary miRNAs spatially differentiated prolonged and acute symptom groups on partial least squares discriminant analysis and demonstrated functional relationships with neuronal regulatory pathways. Levels of 5 miRNAs (miR-320c-1, miR-133a-5p, miR-769-5p, let-7a-3p, and miR-1307-3p) accurately identified patients with prolonged symptoms on logistic regression (area under the curve, 0.856; 95% CI, 0.822-0.890). This accuracy exceeded accuracy of symptom burden on child (area under the curve, 0.649; 95% CI, 0.388-0.887) or parent (area under the curve, 0.562; 95% CI, 0.219-0.734) SCAT3 score. Levels of 3 miRNAs were associated with specific symptoms 4 weeks after injury; miR-320c-1 was associated with memory difficulty (R, 0.55; false detection rate, 0.02), miR-629 was associated with headaches (R, 0.47; false detection rate, 0.04), and let-7b-5p was associated with fatigue (R, 0.45; false detection rate, 0.04). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Salivary miRNA levels may identify the duration and character of concussion symptoms. This could reduce parental anxiety and improve care by providing a tool for concussion management. Further validation of this approach is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah J. Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey
| | - Andrea C. Loeffert
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey
| | - Jennifer Stokes
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey
| | - Robert P. Olympia
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey,Department of Emergency Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey
| | - Harry Bramley
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey
| | - Steven D. Hicks
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey
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van der Merwe Y, Steketee MB. Extracellular Vesicles: Biomarkers, Therapeutics, and Vehicles in the Visual System. CURRENT OPHTHALMOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 5:276-282. [PMID: 29399421 PMCID: PMC5780545 DOI: 10.1007/s40135-017-0153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We discuss recent advances in extracellular vesicle (EV) technology as biomarkers, therapeutics, and drug delivery vehicles in the visual system with an emphasis on the retina. RECENT FINDINGS Retinal cell-type specific EVs can be detected in the blood and in the aqueous humor and EV miRNA cargoes can be used diagnostically to predict retinal disease progression. Studies have now shown EVs can deliver bioactive miRNA and AAV cargoes to the inner retinal cell layers and, in some models, improve retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival and axon regeneration. SUMMARY EV molecular profiles and cargoes are attractive biomarkers for retinal and optic nerve disease and trauma and EVs offer a safe and tunable platform for delivering therapies to ocular tissues. However, EVs are heterogeneous by nature with variable lipid membranes, cargoes, and biologic effects, warranting stringent characterization to understand how heterogeneous EV populations modulate positive tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolandi van der Merwe
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15216 USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
| | - Michael B. Steketee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15216 USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
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Martinez B, Peplow PV. MicroRNAs as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1749-1761. [PMID: 29239310 PMCID: PMC5745818 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.219025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is characterized by primary damage to the brain from the external mechanical force and by subsequent secondary injury due to various molecular and pathophysiological responses that eventually lead to neuronal cell death. Secondary brain injury events may occur minutes, hours, or even days after the trauma, and provide valuable therapeutic targets to prevent further neuronal degeneration. At the present time, there is no effective treatment for TBI due, in part, to the widespread impact of numerous complex secondary biochemical and pathophysiological events occurring at different time points following the initial injury. MicroRNAs control a range of physiological and pathological functions such as development, differentiation, apoptosis and metabolism, and may serve as potential targets for progress assessment and intervention against TBI to mitigate secondary damage to the brain. This has implications regarding improving the diagnostic accuracy of brain impairment and long-term outcomes as well as potential novel treatments. Recent human studies have identified specific microRNAs in serum/plasma (miR-425-p, -21, -93, -191 and -499) and cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) (miR-328, -362-3p, -451, -486a) as possible indicators of the diagnosis, severity, and prognosis of TBI. Experimental animal studies have examined specific microRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for moderate and mild TBI (e.g., miR-21, miR-23b). MicroRNA profiling was altered by voluntary exercise. Differences in basal microRNA expression in the brain of adult and aged animals and alterations in response to TBI (e.g., miR-21) have also been reported. Further large-scale studies with TBI patients are needed to provide more information on the changes in microRNA profiles in different age groups (children, adults, and elderly).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Martinez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Philip V Peplow
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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