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Bian Z, Xu R, Shang B, Lv F, Sun W, Li Q, Gong Y, Luo C. Associations between anxiety, depression, and personal mastery in community-dwelling older adults: a network-based analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:192. [PMID: 38454373 PMCID: PMC10921593 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, about 18.70% of the population aged 60 years and older are at risk of low personal mastery as well as anxiety and depression for a variety of reasons. The purpose of this study was to construct a symptom network model of the relationship between anxiety, depression, and personal mastery in community-dwelling older adults and to identify central and bridge symptoms in this network. METHODS Depression, anxiety, and personal mastery were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and Personal Mastery Scale (PMS), respectively. A total of 501 older adults in 16 communities in Changzhou and Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China, were surveyed by using a combination of stratified sampling and convenience sampling methods. The R language was used to construct the network. RESULTS (1) The network structure of anxiety-depression-personal mastery was stable, with "Nervousness" (node GAD1, strength = 1.38), "Sad mood" (node PHQ2, strength = 1.22), " Inability to change" (node PMS2, strength = 1.01) and "Involuntarily" (node PMS3, strength = 0.95) as the central symptoms. (2) "Irritability" (node GAD6, bridge strength = 0.743), "Sad mood" (node PHQ2, bridge strength = 0.655), and "Trouble relaxing" (node GAD4, bridge strength = 0.550) were the bridge symptoms connecting anxiety, depressive symptoms, and personal mastery. (3) In the network comparison test (NCT), residence, somatic chronic comorbidity and gender had no significant effect on network structure. CONCLUSIONS The construction of the anxiety-depression-personal mastery network structure opens up new possibilities for mechanisms of action and intervention formulation for psychological disorders in community-dwelling older adults. The identification of central symptoms (e.g., nervousness, sad mood, inability to change, involuntarily) and bridge symptoms (e.g., irritability, sad mood, trouble relaxing) in community-dwelling older adults with anxiety, depression, and low sense of mastery can provide a scientific basis for the development of precise interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Bian
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Renyan Xu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Bin Shang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fei Lv
- Department of Nursing, Jingjiang College, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Weiyi Sun
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yijing Gong
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Caifeng Luo
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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Barber KE, Zainal NH, Newman MG. Positive relations mediate the bidirectional connections between depression and anxiety symptoms. J Affect Disord 2023; 324:387-394. [PMID: 36584704 PMCID: PMC9893796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) co-occur at high rates, often preceding and predicting one another over long durations. Interpersonal theories propose that relationships with others may contribute to the longitudinal connections between MDD and GAD. Therefore, the current study examined the mediational effect of positive relations with others in these connections over 18 years. METHODS Community-dwelling adults (n = 3294) participated in data collection at three time-points (Time 1 [T1], Time 2 [T2], and Time 3 [T3]) spaced about nine years apart. MDD and GAD symptoms were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form. Positive relations was measured with the Psychological Well-Being Scale-Positive Relations with Others subscale. Structural equation mediation modeling was used for data analysis. RESULTS Results indicated that lower T2 positive relations significantly mediated the relationship between higher T1 MDD severity predicting more severe T3 GAD symptoms (d = 0.375) and explained 10.7% of the variance. T2 positive relations also had a significant mediational effect in the association between T1 GAD symptoms positively predicting T3 MDD severity (d = 0.360), accounting for 12.2% of the variance of this connection. These mediational effects were significant after adjusting for age, gender, education, and T1 symptoms (d = 0.277-0.677). CONCLUSIONS Supporting interpersonal theories, lack of positive relations with others mediated the bidirectional connections between MDD and GAD symptoms across 18 years. Future research should continue to explore the influence of positive relations on mental health and whether treatments that enhance interpersonal functioning could improve treatment for depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Barber
- Marquette University, Department of Psychology, Milwaukee, WI, USA; The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Psychology, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Nur Hani Zainal
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Health Care Policy, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle G Newman
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Psychology, University Park, PA, USA
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Jahanzeb S, Bouckenooghe D, Baig MUA. Does attachment anxiety accentuate the effect of perceived contract breach on counterproductive work behaviors? JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Jahanzeb
- Organizational Behavior Human Resource Management, Entrepreneurship and Ethics (OBHREE), Goodman School of Business Brock University St Catharines Ontario Canada
| | - Dave Bouckenooghe
- Organizational Behavior Human Resource Management, Entrepreneurship and Ethics (OBHREE), Goodman School of Business Brock University St Catharines Ontario Canada
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Cortés-García L, Martínez Calvo C, Senra C. Mediational Effect of Fairburn's Transdiagnostic Mechanisms Between Attachment to the Mother and Eating Disorder Symptoms in a Clinical Sample. Front Psychol 2022; 13:852977. [PMID: 35519625 PMCID: PMC9062175 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.852977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Research has supported a link between insecure attachment and eating disorders (EDs); however, little is known about how this influence is exerted in young female EDs patients. This study tested, for the first time, a multiple mediational model, wherein the four Fairburn’s transdiagnostic mechanisms mediated the relationship between attachment to the mother and ED symptoms. Methods A total of 101 female young EDs patients aged 15–24 were administered the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, Eating Disorder Inventory-3 and Eating Attitudes Test-26 to assess attachment, the four transdiagnostic maintaining mechanisms and ED symptoms, respectively. Results Comparison analyses showed that there were no significant differences between the diagnostic groups in terms of attachment and the transdiagnostic variables. Multiple mediational analyses indicated that low self-esteem and clinical perfectionism were significant mediators between insecure attachment to the mother and ED symptoms, while controlling for depressive symptoms. Conclusion These findings suggest that the distal risk influence of insecure attachment to the mother in the development of ED symptoms might be explained by low self-esteem and high clinical perfectionism, controlling for depressive symptoms. Further investigation into the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral treatments targeting insecure attachment representations for young EDs patients is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cortés-García
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carmen Martínez Calvo
- Unit of Eating Disorders, Provincial Hospital of Conxo, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Senra
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Martin AA, Horn AB, Allemand M. Within-Person Associations Between Attachment Security, Need Satisfaction and Psychological Adjustment in Daily Life of Older Adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:56-66. [PMID: 31711236 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbz148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Little is known about how attachment processes manifest within older adults in daily life and how these processes are associated with daily psychological adjustment. This study examined the within-person associations between states of attachment security and psychological adjustment. It is expected that this association is mediated by higher levels of satisfied needs in daily life. METHODS Microlongitudinal self-report data were collected in a sample of 136 older adults ranged in age from 60 to 90 years (ageM = 70.45 years) across 10 days with daily morning and afternoon measurement occasions. RESULTS Three main findings from multilevel analyses emerged. First, older adults showed significant within-person variation in attachment security, satisfaction of the needs for autonomy and competence, and psychological adjustment over time. Second, attachment security was positively associated with psychological adjustment within individuals. Third, both satisfaction of the needs for autonomy and competence mediated the within-person association between attachment security and psychological adjustment. DISCUSSION The results suggest that attachment security is associated with the experience of autonomy and competence in daily life of older adults which in turn is related with better psychological adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika A Martin
- Department of Psychology and URPP Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea B Horn
- Department of Psychology and URPP Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Allemand
- Department of Psychology and URPP Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Cortés-García L, Takkouche B, Rodriguez-Cano R, Senra C. Mediational mechanisms involved in the relation between attachment insecurity and depression: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2020; 277:706-726. [PMID: 32911221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have investigated the intermediate variables or mediators through which attachment insecurity influence the development of depression. However, there has not been a systematic synthesis of this literature to date. The current meta-analytic review aimed at identifying such mediators and quantifying their effect size. METHODS We systematically searched Medline, Pubmed, Psycinfo, Embase, Proceedings Web of Science and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global up until May 2019. 108 studies met inclusion criteria (i.e., investigated intermediate variables that explain the effect of attachment insecurity [exposure] on depressive symptoms [outcome]). Standardized regression coefficients of the indirect and total paths of mediation models of 80 studies were pooled using the inverse of their variance as a weight. Studies were coded and ranked for quality. RESULTS Dysfunctional attitudes (β = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.20), self-criticism (β = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.28), low self-compassion (β = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.29), and cognitive hyperactivating regulation strategies (β = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.05 to 0.20), such as repetitive thinking (β = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.07 to 0.28), and particularly, brooding rumination β = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.07 to 0.32), mediated the association between insecure attachment and depressive symptoms. Indirect effects were only significant among adult populations. LIMITATIONS The methodological quality of studies was mostly moderate to low and analyses revealed considerable heterogeneity. CONCLUSION Our findings support the direct targeting of cognitive-emotional psychological mechanisms in prevention programs and treatment of depression. More longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the interplay of such mediators along with other interpersonal factors between insecure attachment and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cortés-García
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Bahi Takkouche
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBER-ESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruben Rodriguez-Cano
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Carmen Senra
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Yang Y, Wang Y, Lu H, Tan L. Too Insecure to Be a Leader: The Role of Attachment in Leadership Emergence. Front Psychol 2020; 11:571401. [PMID: 33281673 PMCID: PMC7705218 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.571401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The antecedents of leadership emergence have received increasing attention over the past decades. Extant work has found that traits that involve getting along with other members in social relations can help employees emerge as leaders. However, attachment has been ignored, even though it can provide a distinct relational perspective to getting along. This study investigates the relationship between attachment and leadership emergence as well as the mediating role of negative emotion and the moderating role of initiating structure in the relationship. Specifically, based on multisource data of 100 employees and their supervisors, the results reveal that avoidant attachment and anxious attachment exert a negative impact on leadership emergence via negative emotion. Moreover, the mediating effect on the above relationship is weaker when employees are at a high initiating structure level. The findings imply that insecurely attached employees can also be leaders if they expend more effort and focus more on task completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Business School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongli Wang
- Business School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yongli Wang,
| | - Hailing Lu
- School of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Tan
- Business School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Grussu P, Andreetto I, Pastore M, Calcagnì A, Quatraro RM. Perinatal psychological well-being in women with zero postnatal anxiety-depressive symptoms scores: a retrospective descriptive study. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2020; 38:199-213. [PMID: 32064910 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2020.1724915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: A total absence of psychological symptoms during pregnancy or postpartum period is not common. Although there are some considerations on zero scores detected by EPDS, no thorough analysis is currently present in the literature of the eventuality and meaning of a total absence of postpartum symptoms following the compilation of two or more self-report symptom questionnaires.Methods: In a sample of 960 Italian women, three groups of 31 subjects are defined retrospectively by scores on the EPDS-GHQ12: women with 'zero', 'lower', and 'higher' postnatal symptomatology. The psychological well-being of these groups was compared as detected in pregnancy and after childbirth by PWB questionnaire.Results: Higher and excessive scores in Environmental mastery dimension connote the profile of women with a total absence of postpartum anxiety-depression symptoms. Positive relations with other dimension were less characterising, but it should be noted as a distinctive trait in the 'zero' symptoms postnatal symptomatology group. In the same 'zero' group, the scores of the six PWB questionnaire dimensions - except Personal growth - are all higher than the scores obtained by women in the general population.Conclusion: The atypical self-reported perinatal mood condition present in the 'zero' symptoms group have currently unknown clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Grussu
- Consultorio Familiare Service, Azienda ULSS 6 Euganea, National Health Service, Este, Italy
| | - Irene Andreetto
- Consultorio Familiare Service, Azienda ULSS 6 Euganea, National Health Service, Este, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Pastore
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio Calcagnì
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Quatraro
- Hospital Psychology Unit, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Section, Azienda ULSS 8 Berica, National Health Service, Este, Italy
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Interpersonal manifestations of attachment avoidance: The moderating role of impostorism. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Crangle CJ, Hart TL. Adult attachment, hostile conflict, and relationship adjustment among couples facing multiple sclerosis. Br J Health Psychol 2017; 22:836-853. [PMID: 28699702 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Couples facing multiple sclerosis (MS) report significantly elevated rates of relationship distress, yet the effects of attachment have never been examined in this population. We examined whether hostile conflict mediated the dyadic effects of attachment on relationship adjustment in couples facing MS and whether these associations were moderated by gender or role. We also explored whether dyadic adjustment mediated the relationship between attachment and hostile conflict. DESIGN The study was cross-sectional and included 103 couples in which one partner had been diagnosed with MS. METHODS Participants completed the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, and Aversive Interactions Scale, as well as demographic variables. We used the actor-partner interdependence model for data analysis. RESULTS There were significant actor and partner effects of greater anxious attachment and worse dyadic adjustment. Actor and partner effects of anxious attachment were significantly mediated by greater hostile conflict. Gender significantly moderated the effects between avoidant attachment and dyadic adjustment. The actor effect was significant for males and females; the partner effect was only significant for females. The actor effect for females but not males was significantly mediated by greater hostile conflict. Role was not a significant moderator. Exploratory analyses also showed that dyadic adjustment mediated the relationship between anxious and avoidant attachment and hostile conflict. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the important effects of attachment on relationship adjustment in MS couples. Both hostile conflict and dyadic adjustment appear to be mechanisms through which insecure attachment has a detrimental effect. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Despite higher-than-normal rates of marital distress and separation/divorce, the effects of attachment on relationship adjustment among couples facing multiple sclerosis have never been examined. Prior studies within healthy populations have supported within-person and cross-dyadic associations between attachment and relationship adjustment; however, they have failed to use dyadic analyses. Hostile conflict has been associated with both insecure attachment and relationship adjustment and therefore may be an important mediator to help understand these relationships. What does this study add? Women were more negatively affected by their partner's avoidant attachment then men. Hostile conflict mediated the effects of anxious attachment on dyadic adjustment for individuals and across dyads. Hostile conflict accounted for the individual effect of avoidant attachment on dyadic adjustment for women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tae L Hart
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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