1
|
Quevedo-Junyent L, Argilés M. Influence of trajectory and contrast on dynamic visual acuity in elite team sports players. Perception 2024:3010066241248077. [PMID: 38646722 DOI: 10.1177/03010066241248077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic visual acuity (DVA) is considered an essential component for studying the visual function, especially in challenging environments like team sports. Beyond frequent comparative studies, much information is still lacking about the mechanisms underlying DVA and possible differences in stimulus presentation. It is crucial to understand the performance of DVA under different conditions of contrast and trajectories to achieve more specific data and better ecological validity of measurements. Fifty-five top professional male Spanish athletes, including 23 soccer, 14 basketball, and 18 water polo players were selected. Static visual acuity (SVA) was evaluated at 5 m. DVA was determined at 2 m under combined conditions of velocity (52°/s), three trajectories (horizontal, diagonal 45° and 135°) and two contrasts (99.7% and 13%). Significant differences in most DVA conditions measurements show that the best scores correspond to horizontal, over diagonal trajectories, and high contrast. The correlation between SVA and DVA showed a different relationship depending on the contrast conditions. Professional soccer, basketball, and water polo players have similar characteristics with reference to all the DVA evaluated conditions.
Collapse
|
2
|
Jorge J, Jorge JP. Relationship between dynamic visual acuity and static visual acuity, refractive error, and binocular vision in elite soccer players. Clin Exp Optom 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38245910 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2024.2301981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE In many sports, dynamic visual acuity is used. In order to improve dynamic visual acuity, it is important to understand the aspects of the visual system that can cause compromise. BACKGROUND To investigate the parameters of the visual system that may influence dynamic visual acuity in professional soccer players. METHODS In 2022, 40 professional players were analysed. Screening consisted of a survey, the measurement refractive error, and static and dynamic visual acuity and the binocular vision parameters. All athletes were men with a mean age of 24.9 ± 4.8 years. RESULTS The mean refractive error was -0.29 ± 0.61D, and 22.5% of athletes are myopic only and 7.5% hyperopic. Static visual acuity was R: -0.037 ± 0.094 LogMAR , L: -0.036 ± 0.098 LogMAR. Dynamic visual acuity was 0.154 ± 0.118 LogMAR . There is a positive and moderate correlation between monocular static visual acuity and dynamic visual acuity, with r = 0.524 (r2 = 0.275 , p < 0.001) for the right eye and r = 0.553 (r2 = 0.306, p < 0.001) for the left eye. For the component of astigmatism (J = 0) and for stereopsis in distance vision, the correlation was, r = -0.472 (r2 = 0.223, p = 0.002) and r = -0.467 (r2 = 0.218, p = 0.002), respectively. CONCLUSION Athletes with lower static visual acuity in distance vision, or with worse stereopsis in distance vision or more myopic astigmatism, have lower dynamic visual acuity than other athletes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Jorge
- Clinical and Experimental Optometry Research Laboratory (CEORLab), Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - João Pedro Jorge
- NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abokyi S, Sekyere NM, Ocansey S. Maximal incremental exercise improves macular photostress recovery time and lowers intraocular pressure in healthy athletes. J Sci Med Sport 2023; 26:646-649. [PMID: 37793957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Better visual performance in athletes compared to non-athletes could suggest improved macular function through physical exertion. The study aimed to investigate the effect of maximal incremental treadmill (MIT) exercise on macular function. DESIGN An interventional study comparing the effect of maximal incremental treadmill (MIT) exercise until volitional exhaustion between athletes (n = 26) and non-athletes (n = 26). METHODS Participants underwent an ophthalmological assessment involving repeated measurements of the photostress recovery time (PSRT) at baseline and post-exercise. PSRT was recorded after a 10-second exposure of the macular to an intense light source from an ophthalmoscope positioned 2 cm in front of the eye. Secondary outcome measures also recorded included the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the intraocular pressure (IOP). RESULTS Compared to the baseline, MIT exercise markedly improved the PSRT of athletes from 42.7 ± 1.6 s to 39.6 ± 1.4 s (P < 0.001), while having no significant changes in the PSRT of non-athletes. After adjusting for exercise duration, the exercise intervention showed significant effects on the PSRT improvement in the athletes compared to non-athletes after exercise [F(1,49) = 16.941, P < 0.001], with estimated marginal means of 3.00 s and 0.47 s, respectively. Also, the exercise intervention resulted in significant improvements in IOP (P < 0.001) and BCVA (P < 0.01) of both groups. CONCLUSIONS MIT exercise improves macular function, BCVA, and reduced IOP in healthy athletes. Maximal incremental exercise may be recommended for competitive sports athletes seeking optimal visual performance, as long as it does not adversely impact other relevant non-visual factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Abokyi
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
| | - Nyamaah Mensah Sekyere
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Stephen Ocansey
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tachihara A, Soh Z, Mizuguchi T, Kandori A, Hama S, Tsuji T. Vertical dynamic visual acuity is significantly lower than horizontal dynamic visual acuity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20999. [PMID: 38017190 PMCID: PMC10684582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic visual acuity (DVA) is crucial for the perception of moving objects. While traditional DVA assessment tools predominantly focus on horizontal movements, the evaluation of vertical DVA remains unstandardized. Consequently, the disparities between vertical and horizontal DVAs are yet to be thoroughly investigated. Therefore, we designed a system capable of conducting multidirectional DVA tests and eye movement measurements. During the experiments, the participants identified the gap direction of the Landolt-C ring moving either horizontally or vertically. The speed of movement decelerated from its maximum as a high-speed infrared camera captured the pupil movements of the left eye at 500 fps. We conducted tests on 15 healthy university students (aged [Formula: see text] years) and measured vertical and horizontal DVAs five times each. DVA was deduced from the Landolt-C ring speed with accurate gap direction responses, and eye movement was assessed based on the total gaze movement distance. The results revealed superior DVA and eye movement in the horizontal direction compared with the vertical direction ([Formula: see text]). This highlights the anisotropic characteristics of DVA and eye movement. The proposed system has the potential for multidirectional dynamic vision evaluation and training in clinical scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aoi Tachihara
- Electrical, Systems, and Control Engineering Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Zu Soh
- Electrical, Systems, and Control Engineering Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan.
| | | | - Akihiko Kandori
- Center for Exploratory Research, Research and Development Group, Hitachi. Ltd., Tokyo, 185-8601, Japan
| | - Seiji Hama
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hibino Hospital, Hiroshima, 731-3164, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Brain, Mind and KANSEI Sciences Research, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Toshio Tsuji
- Electrical, Systems, and Control Engineering Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen G, Zhang J, Qiao Q, Zhou L, Li Y, Yang J, Wu J, Huangfu H. Advances in dynamic visual acuity test research. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1047876. [PMID: 37426939 PMCID: PMC10328420 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1047876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic visual acuity test (DVAT) is a functional evaluation tool for the impairment and compensation of the vestibular system, which could reflect the Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) function. We present an overview of DVAT research, displaying recent advances in test methods, application, and influencing factors; and discussing the clinical value of DVAT to provide a reference for clinical application. There are two primary types of DVAT: dynamic-object DVAT and static-object DVAT. For the latter, in addition to the traditional bedside DVAT, there are numerous other approaches, including Computerized DVAT (cDVAT), DVAT on a treadmill, DVAT on a rotary, head thrust DVA (htDVA) and functional head impulse testing (fHIT), gaze shift dynamic visual acuity with walking (gsDVA), translational dynamic visual acuity test (tDVAT), pediatric DVAT. The results of DAVT are affected by subject [occupation, static visual acuity (SVA), age, eyeglass lenses], testing methods, caffeine, and alcohol. DVAT has numerous clinical applications, such as screening for vestibular impairment, assessing vestibular rehabilitation, predicting fall risk, and evaluating ophthalmology-related disorders, vestibular disorders, and central system disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganggang Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi Qiao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liyuan Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hui Huangfu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Brancaleone MP, Boucher LC, Yang J, Merfeld D, Onate JA. Comparing dynamic visual acuity between athletes who are deaf or hard-of-hearing and athletes who are hearing. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-4. [PMID: 37053591 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2198018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the difference in the dynamic visual acuity test (DVAT) between collegiate athletes who are deaf or hard-of-hearing (D/HoH) (n = 38) and university club-level athletes who are hearing (n = 38). Dynamic visual acuity was assessed using the Bertec Vision Advantage (Bertec® Corporation, Columbus, Ohio, USA). No statistically significant differences between athletes who are D/HoH and who are hearing were found in DVAT for leftward (χ2 = 0.71, p = 0.40) or rightward (χ2 = 0.04, p = 0.84) head yaw rotation around an earth vertical axis. Dynamic visual acuity was similar for athletes regardless of hearing status. Baseline DVAT data may be of use for post-injury management of athletes who are D/HoH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Brancaleone
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Laura C Boucher
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Jameson Crane Sports Medicine Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jingzhen Yang
- Center of Injury Research and Policy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel Merfeld
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - James A Onate
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Jameson Crane Sports Medicine Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mathe N, Millard L, Breukelman GJ, Mathunjwa M. Differences in visio-spatial intelligence between non-athletes and netball players. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1109967. [PMID: 36891127 PMCID: PMC9986416 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1109967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There is conflicting evidence regarding whether athletes have better visio-spatial skills than non-athletes. This gap may result from athletes' superiority in only some visio-spatial abilities (VSS), rather than all areas of vision. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a significant difference in the visio-spatial intelligence between female netball players (n = 40) and non-athletes (n = 40) when comparing six visual skills (accommodation facility, saccadic eye movement, speed of recognition, peripheral awareness, hand-eye coordination, and visual memory). Following an optometric evaluation, the participants were assessed in six distinct established tests, including the hart near far rock, saccadic eye movement, evasion, accumulator, ball wall toss tests, and flash memory, to evaluate the VSS components of non-athletes and premier league netball players. For five of the six tests, there was a statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) difference between netball players and non-athletes. Conversely, there is no concrete evidence that netball players have better visual memory than non-athletes (p = 0.277). When compared to non-athletes, netball players have significantly improved accommodation facility (p < .001), saccadic eye movements (p < .001), speed of recognition (p < .001), peripheral awareness (p < .001), and hand-eye coordination (p < .001), but not visual memory (p = 0.277). The findings that netball players perform better on a certain VSS have broad ramifications for theories of sport vision, the optimal way to choose tests, and the creation of VSS testing batteries for specific sports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nonkululeko Mathe
- Department of Human Movement Science, University of Zululand, Kwadlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Lourens Millard
- Department of Human Movement Science, University of Zululand, Kwadlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Gerrit Jan Breukelman
- Department of Human Movement Science, University of Zululand, Kwadlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Musa Mathunjwa
- Department of Human Movement Science, University of Zululand, Kwadlangezwa, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yin R, Xu J, Wang H, Zhou S, Zhang M, Cai G. Effect of physical activity combined with extra ciliary-muscle training on visual acuity of children aged 10-11. Front Public Health 2022; 10:949130. [PMID: 36111187 PMCID: PMC9468474 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.949130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is intended for exploring the effects of the physical activity combined with extra ciliary-muscle training with different frequencies on children's kinetic visual acuity and uncorrected distance visual acuity, and eventually figuring out the optimal frequency of ciliary-muscle training for each physical education class. To do the present research, A total of 160 students aged 10-11 from a school in Suzhou (a major city located in southeastern Jiangsu Province, East China) were randomly selected and divided into control group (n = 33), 15-frequency group (n = 44), 30-frequency group (n = 40) and 60-frequency group (n = 43), and the latter three experimental groups participated in a specially designed physical activity plan based on the training principles of ciliary muscle, while the control group participated in normal physical activity as usual. The experimental intervention period was 16 weeks, and all students' kinetic visual acuity and uncorrected distance visual acuity were measured before and after the experiment. The result showed that the kinetic visual acuity of the students in the 30 and 60-frequency groups got improved significantly after the experiment (p < 0.05), with the highest improvement occurring in the 30-frequency group, while there was no significant change in the 15-frequency group and the control group; The uncorrected distance visual acuity of the students in the 30 and 60-frequency groups was significantly improved after the experiment (p < 0.05), and the improvement range in these two groups was similar. In contrast, there was no significant change in the 15-frequency group, while the control group showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05). Physical activity combined with extra ciliary-muscle training has a positive effect on improving children's vision; at the same time, ciliary-muscle training with different frequencies bring out different outcomes on children's vision improvement, among which ciliary-muscle training with frequency of 30 in each physical education class is the best choice to enhance children's kinetic visual acuity and uncorrected distance visual acuity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Geng Cai
- School of Physical Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Argiles M, Quevedo-Junyent L, Erickson G. Topical Review: Optometric Considerations in Sports vs. E-Sports. Percept Mot Skills 2022; 129:731-746. [PMID: 35084253 DOI: 10.1177/00315125211073401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Electronic sports (e-sports) have recently emerged to become a rapidly growing form of videogame competition, requiring gamers to spend many hours in front of a visual display. The nature of this new modality raises important considerations for ocular health, and visual and perceptual functioning, compared to traditional sports. In general, sports performance has been associated with open spaces, gross motor movement, and balance, while electronic sports require visual and attentional stamina at near distances with fine motor control. From an optometric viewpoint, visual perception is specific to both the sports modality and the environment where sports take place. In this topical review, we consider e-sport optometric factors such as screen time and digital eyestrain, visual skill demands, and perceptual cognitive skills such as visual attention. We compare training considerations for traditional sports and training in gaming platforms, with recommendations for future research in this growing modality. The goal of this review is to raise awareness of the various elements to consider when providing vision care to e-sport participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Argiles
- Optics and Optometry16767Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vera J, Jiménez R, Cárdenas D, Redondo B, García JA. Visual function, performance, and processing of basketball players vs. sedentary individuals. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 9:587-594. [PMID: 33308808 PMCID: PMC7749222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Athletes tend to have better visuo-motor performance than do sedentary individuals. However, several basic visual-function and perceptual parameters remain unexplored to date. In this study, we investigated whether differences exist in visual function, performance, and processing between basketball players and individuals without a sport-involvement background. METHODS A total of 33 healthy men with no visual impairment or pathology were divided into 2 groups, depending on the involvement in sport (semi-professional basketball players and sedentary individuals). We tested their baseline heart-rate variability in the resting position apart from subjective questionnaires to determine their physical fitness level, and we checked their visual function, performance, and processing through an extended battery of optometric tests. RESULTS The 2 groups differed in resting heart-rate variability parameters (p < 0.001), confirming their dissimilarities in regular time practising sports per week. The basketball players showed a closer breakpoint and recovery nearpoint of convergence, a higher fusional-vergence rate, better discriminability halos, and better eye-hand coordination (all p values < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results show evidence that athletes, basketball players in this case, exhibit better performance in several visual abilities in comparison to a group of individuals without sporting backgrounds, suggesting an improvement due to the systematic involvement of those skills during basketball practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Vera
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - Raimundo Jiménez
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - David Cárdenas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain; Sport and Health University Mixed Institute, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Beatriz Redondo
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - José Antonio García
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tochikura I, Sato D, Imoto D, Nuruki A, Yamashiro K, Funada R, Maruyama A. Baseball Players' Eye Movements and Higher Coincident-Timing Task Performance. Percept Mot Skills 2020; 127:571-586. [PMID: 32075492 DOI: 10.1177/0031512520905435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that baseball players have higher than average visual information processing abilities and outstanding motor control. The speed and position of the baseball and the batter are constantly changing, leading skilled players to acquire highly accurate visual information processing and decision-making. This study sought to clarify how movement of the eyes is associated with baseball players’ higher coincident-timing task performance. We recruited 15 right-handed baseball players and 15 age-matched track and field athletes. On a computer-based coincident-timing task, we instructed participants to stop a computer image of a moving target by pressing a button at a designated point. We presented bidirectional moving targets with various velocities, presented in a random order. The targets’ moving angular velocity varied between 100, 83, 71, 63, 56, 50, and 46 deg/s. We conducted 168 repetitions (42 reps × 4 sets) of this coincident-timing task and measured participants’ eye movements during the task using Pupil Centre Corneal Reflection. Mixed-design analysis of variance results revealed participant group effects in favor of baseball players for timing absolute error and low absolute error, as predicted from prior visual processing and decision-making research with baseball players. However, in contrast to prior research, we found significantly shorter smooth-pursuit onset latency in elite baseball players, and there were no significant group differences for saccade onset and offset latencies. This may be explained by the difference in our research paradigm with mobile targets randomly presented at various velocities from the left and right. Our data showed baseball players’ higher than normal simultaneous timing execution for making decisions and movements based on visual information, even under laboratory conditions with randomly moving mobile targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikumi Tochikura
- Field of Health and Sports, Graduate School, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Kita-Ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sato
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Kita-Ku, Niigata, Japan.,Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Kita-Ku, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Atsuo Nuruki
- Center for General Education, Institute for Comprehensive Education, Kagoshima University, Kourimoto, Japan
| | - Koya Yamashiro
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Kita-Ku, Niigata, Japan.,Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Kita-Ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ren Funada
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Kita-Ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsuo Maruyama
- Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Effects of Batting Practice and Visual Training Focused on Pitch Type and Speed on Batting Ability and Visual Function. J Hum Kinet 2020; 70:5-13. [PMID: 31915471 PMCID: PMC6942478 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2019-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of batting practice and visual training focused on the pitch type and speed on batting ability and visual function. A total of 46 participants took part in 12 training sessions for 4 weeks. The participants were divided into six groups according to the training type as follows: Group 1, batting practice with a fastball at 100 km/h; Group 2, tracking (watching) a fastball at 100 km/h; Group 3, batting practice with a fastball at 115 km/h; Group 4, tracking a fastball at 115 km/h; Group 5, batting practice with a curve ball at 100 km/h; and Group 6, tracking a curve ball at 100 km/h. Dynamic visual acuity, depth perception, hand-eye coordination, and batting ability were measured before and after training. Group 1 showed significant improvement in batting ability in the tests with 100 km/h fastballs and curve balls, while Groups 3 and 5 showed significant improvement in batting ability with 100 km/h fastballs and curve balls, respectively. Group 6 also showed significant improvement in batting ability with 100 km/h fastballs. Moreover, Groups 2 and 4 showed significant improvement in Dynamic visual acuity and hand-eye coordination, respectively. The results of the present study suggest that batting practice and visual training improve batting ability for the same pitch types and speeds as those encountered in practice. Therefore, visual training may be an effective method for improving batting ability and visual function in coaching settings.
Collapse
|
13
|
Romano F, Bertolini G, Agostino D, Straumann D, Ramat S, Feddermann-Demont N. Functional Head Impulse Test in Professional Athletes: Sport-Specific Normative Values and Implication for Sport-Related Concussion. Front Neurol 2019; 10:387. [PMID: 31130909 PMCID: PMC6509415 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dizziness, slow visual tracking, or blurred vision following active head (or body) movements are among the most common symptoms reported following sport-related concussion, often related to concurrent dysfunctions of the vestibular system. In some cases, symptoms persist even if bedside and auxiliary standard vestibular tests are unremarkable. New functional tests have been developed in recent years to objectify neurological alterations that are not captured by standard tests. The functional head impulse test (fHIT) requires the patient to recognize an optotype that is briefly flashed during head rotations with various angular accelerations (2,001–6,000 deg/s2) and assesses the proportion if correct answers (pca). 268 active professional athletes (23.70 ± 5.32y) from six different sports were tested using fHIT. Pca were analyzed both pooling head acceleration in the range of 2,001–6,000 deg/s2 and computing a single pca value for each 1,000 deg/s2 bin in the range 2,001–8,000 deg/s2. No significant difference (p = 0.159) was found between responses to head impulses in the plane of horizontal (pca: 0.977) and vertical semicircular canals (pca: 0.97). The sport practiced had a major effect on the outcome of the fHIT. Handball players achieved a better performance (p < 0.001) than the whole athlete group, irrespective of the direction of head impulses. The pca achieved by athletes practicing snowboard, bob and skeleton were instead significantly below those of the whole athlete group (p < 0.001) but only when vertical head impulses were tested. Overall, pca declined with increasing head acceleration. The decline was particularly evident in the range not included in the standard fHIT exam, i.e., 6,001–8,000 deg/s2 for horizontal and 5,001–8,000 deg/s2 for vertical head impulses. When vertical head impulses were tested, athletes practicing snowboard, bob and skeleton (non-ball sports) showed, beside the lower overall pca, also a steeper decline as a function of vertical head acceleration. The findings suggest that: (1) functional VOR testing can help understanding sport-specific VOR requirements; (2) the fHIT is able to detect and objectify subtle, sport-specific changes of functional VOR performance; (3) if sport-specific normative values are used, the fHIT test procedure needs to be optimized, starting from the highest acceleration to minimize the number of head impulses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Romano
- Department of Neurology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Concussion Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Bertolini
- Department of Neurology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Concussion Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Dominik Straumann
- Department of Neurology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Concussion Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Ramat
- Department of Computer, Electric and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nina Feddermann-Demont
- Department of Neurology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Concussion Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Abstract
PURPOSE In many sports, athletes rely on visual information from the environment to perform. Some literature suggests athletes have superior visual abilities to non-athletes, particularly on tasks representative of the visual demands of their sport, such as dynamic acuity, eye movement accuracy and speed, and peripheral vision. Other literature suggests there is no difference between athletes and non-athletes, at least when standard clinical assessments are employed. A limitation of the literature is that almost none of the research has been conducted with standardized, validated tools. This is partly caused by a lack of readily available tools to measure tasks representative of the visual demands of sport, and available tests have typically not been validated against current clinical standards. The purpose of this study is to examine the validity and repeatability of a novel visual acuity system (moV&; V&MP Vision Suite) recently developed in the Vision & Motor Performance Lab (V&MP). moV& permits the measurement of many visual function parameters including dynamic visual acuity with predictable, random, and jittering target motion. METHODS Twenty-five participants attended two study visits, separated by a minimum of 2 weeks. At each visit, static and dynamic visual acuity was measured using Snellen, ETDRS, and moV& charts. Static visual acuities were compared to determine the validity of moV&, and both static and dynamic visual acuities were compared between visits to determine the test-retest repeatability. RESULTS moV& static visual acuities are clinically similar to visual acuities measured with the ETDRS chart (moV&, -0.09 ± 0.13; ETDRS, -0.03 ± 0.11, concordance correlation coefficient 0.726). Additionally, all static, dynamic, and jitter visual acuities demonstrate good test-retest repeatability (Lin's concordance correlation coefficient range 0.451-0.953). CONCLUSIONS moV& provides good clinical measures of static visual acuity that are comparable to both Snellen and ETDRS measures. Dynamic visual acuity measures demonstrate good test-retest repeatability.
Collapse
|
16
|
Palidis DJ, Wyder-Hodge PA, Fooken J, Spering M. Distinct eye movement patterns enhance dynamic visual acuity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172061. [PMID: 28187157 PMCID: PMC5302791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic visual acuity (DVA) is the ability to resolve fine spatial detail in dynamic objects during head fixation, or in static objects during head or body rotation. This ability is important for many activities such as ball sports, and a close relation has been shown between DVA and sports expertise. DVA tasks involve eye movements, yet, it is unclear which aspects of eye movements contribute to successful performance. Here we examined the relation between DVA and the kinematics of smooth pursuit and saccadic eye movements in a cohort of 23 varsity baseball players. In a computerized dynamic-object DVA test, observers reported the location of the gap in a small Landolt-C ring moving at various speeds while eye movements were recorded. Smooth pursuit kinematics-eye latency, acceleration, velocity gain, position error-and the direction and amplitude of saccadic eye movements were linked to perceptual performance. Results reveal that distinct eye movement patterns-minimizing eye position error, tracking smoothly, and inhibiting reverse saccades-were related to dynamic visual acuity. The close link between eye movement quality and DVA performance has important implications for the development of perceptual training programs to improve DVA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios J. Palidis
- Dept. Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pearson A. Wyder-Hodge
- Dept. Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jolande Fooken
- Dept. Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Miriam Spering
- Dept. Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Institute for Computing, Information and Cognitive Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ceyte H, Lion A, Caudron S, Perrin P, Gauchard GC. Visuo-oculomotor skills related to the visual demands of sporting environments. Exp Brain Res 2016; 235:269-277. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-016-4793-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
18
|
Sports can protect dynamic visual acuity from aging: A study with young and older judo and karate martial arts athletes. Atten Percept Psychophys 2016; 77:2061-73. [PMID: 25893472 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-015-0901-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A major topic of current research in aging has been to investigate ways to promote healthy aging and neuroplasticity in order to counteract perceptual and cognitive declines. The aim of the present study was to investigate the benefits of intensive, sustained judo and karate martial arts training in young and older athletes and nonathletes of the same age for attenuating age-related dynamic visual acuity (DVA) decline. As a target, we used a moving stimulus similar to a Landolt ring that moved horizontally, vertically, or obliquely across the screen at three possible contrasts and three different speeds. The results indicated that (1) athletes had better DVA than nonathletes; (2) the older adult groups showed a larger oblique effect than the younger groups, regardless of whether or not they practiced a martial art; and (3) age modulated the results of sport under the high-speed condition: The DVA of young karate athletes was superior to that of nonathletes, while both judo and karate older athletes showed better DVA than did sedentary older adults. These findings suggest that in older adults, the practice of a martial art in general, rather than the practice of a particular type of martial art, is the crucial thing. We concluded that the sustained practice of a martial art such as judo or karate attenuates the decline of DVA, suggesting neuroplasticity in the aging human brain.
Collapse
|
19
|
Kaufman DR, Puckett MJ, Smith MJ, Wilson KS, Cheema R, Landers MR. Test–retest reliability and responsiveness of gaze stability and dynamic visual acuity in high school and college football players. Phys Ther Sport 2014; 15:181-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
20
|
Quevedo L, Aznar-Casanova JA, Merindano-Encina D, Cardona G, Solé-Fortó J. A novel computer software for the evaluation of dynamic visual acuity. JOURNAL OF OPTOMETRY 2012; 5:131-138. [PMCID: PMC3861107 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Dynamic visual acuity (DVA) is defined as the ability to discriminate fine details in a moving target. Albeit a growing interest in DVA, there is a lack of standardized, validated instrumentation and procedures for the assessment of this visual function parameter. The aim of the present study was to analyze qualitative construct validity and test–retest reliability of a novel, computer-assisted instrument (DinVA 3.0) for the measurement of DVA. Methods Two different experiments are presented, involving the participation of 33 subjects. The first experiment aimed at testing qualitative construct validity of the DinVA 3.0 by comparing the outcome of a series of trials consisting in different speeds, contrasts and trajectories of the target stimuli with those reported in the literature. The second experiment assessed test–retest reliability by repeating a series of trials at three different time intervals, at maximum target stimuli contrast and either high or low speed configurations. Results The results of the first experiment gave support to the qualitative construct validity of DinVA 3.0, as the DVA scores were found to be modulated by the speed of the moving target (high speeds yielded lower DVA), contrast (high contrast resulted in better DVA) and trajectory (DVA was better at horizontal rather than oblique trajectories). Test–retest reliability was found to be good, with a small insignificant trend towards improvement with learning. Conclusion The DinVA 3.0 proved to be a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of DVA and may be considered a promising tool for both clinicians and researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lluïsa Quevedo
- Department of Optics and Optometry, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Sports Vision Centre at the CAR (Olympic Training Centre) of Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Genís Cardona
- Department of Optics and Optometry, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Sports Vision Centre at the CAR (Olympic Training Centre) of Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Solé-Fortó
- National Institute of Physical Education, Universitat de Barcelona, Sports Vision Centre at the CAR (Olympic Training Centre) of Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|