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Kunnath AJ, Gifford RH, Wallace MT. Cholinergic modulation of sensory perception and plasticity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105323. [PMID: 37467908 PMCID: PMC10424559 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Sensory systems are highly plastic, but the mechanisms of sensory plasticity remain unclear. People with vision or hearing loss demonstrate significant neural network reorganization that promotes adaptive changes in other sensory modalities as well as in their ability to combine information across the different senses (i.e., multisensory integration. Furthermore, sensory network remodeling is necessary for sensory restoration after a period of sensory deprivation. Acetylcholine is a powerful regulator of sensory plasticity, and studies suggest that cholinergic medications may improve visual and auditory abilities by facilitating sensory network plasticity. There are currently no approved therapeutics for sensory loss that target neuroplasticity. This review explores the systems-level effects of cholinergic signaling on human visual and auditory perception, with a focus on functional performance, sensory disorders, and neural activity. Understanding the role of acetylcholine in sensory plasticity will be essential for developing targeted treatments for sensory restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansley J Kunnath
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - René H Gifford
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mark T Wallace
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Cholinergic Potentiation of Restoration of Visual Function after Optic Nerve Damage in Rats. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:6928489. [PMID: 28928986 PMCID: PMC5592016 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6928489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancing cortical plasticity and brain connectivity may improve residual vision following a visual impairment. Since acetylcholine plays an important role in attention and neuronal plasticity, we explored whether potentiation of the cholinergic transmission has an effect on the visual function restoration. To this end, we evaluated for 4 weeks the effect of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor donepezil on brightness discrimination, visually evoked potentials, and visual cortex reactivity after a bilateral and partial optic nerve crush in adult rats. Donepezil administration enhanced brightness discrimination capacity after optic nerve crush compared to nontreated animals. The visually evoked activation of the primary visual cortex was not restored, as measured by evoked potentials, but the cortical neuronal activity measured by thallium autometallography was not significantly affected four weeks after the optic nerve crush. Altogether, the results suggest a role of the cholinergic system in postlesion cortical plasticity. This finding agrees with the view that restoration of visual function may involve mechanisms beyond the area of primary damage and opens a new perspective for improving visual rehabilitation in humans.
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Wu L, Xu M, Liu S, Chen G, Zhang F, Zhao Y, Yi J. Donepezil delays photoreceptor apoptosis induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in mice. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:2446-2454. [PMID: 27284332 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inherited retinal degeneration diseases characterized by photoreceptor cell death that causes visual disturbances and eventual blindness. Intraperitoneal injection of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) causes photoreceptor loss, and is used to create an animal model for investigating the mechanisms that cause retinal degeneration diseases. Donepezil is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that has a protective effect on retinal ganglion cells in vitro and in vivo, and it is understood that donepezil increases the expression of a heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), which serves to protect neurons. Hsp70 functions as a chaperone molecule that protects cells from protein aggregation and assists in the refolding of denatured proteins. In the present study, the effects of donepezil on photoreceptor survival in mice was investigated. It was observed that donepezil upregulates the expression of Hsp70, to increase resistance to MNU-induced photoreceptor cell apoptosis by using its anti-apoptotic properties. In addition, the present study observed that Hsp70 promotes photoreceptor cell survival by upregulating the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that donepezil has the potential to be used as a treatment for retinal degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Man Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Shengtao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Fengjun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jinglin Yi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Sugiyama T. Glaucoma and Alzheimer's disease: Their clinical similarity and future therapeutic strategies for glaucoma. World J Ophthalmol 2014; 4:47-51. [DOI: 10.5318/wjo.v4.i3.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma refers to a group of diseases characterized by optic neuropathies that are commonly associated with degeneration of the retinal ganglion cells. Although intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only proven treatable factor, several studies indicate that other factors are involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Since normal tension glaucoma (NTG) is the most common glaucoma at least in Japan and South Korea, development of new therapeutic strategies for glaucoma, besides reduction of IOP, is crucial. The clinical characteristics and mechanisms underlying neuronal degeneration in Alzheimer’s disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disease, are similar to those of glaucoma. Impaired cerebral blood flow (CBF) is common to both these diseases; therefore, improving CBF may be considered a new treatment for glaucoma, especially for NTG. In addition, targeting the formation and aggravation pathway for amyloid-β and administration of apolipoprotein E-containing lipoproteins may be potential strategies for glaucoma treatment.
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Donepezil Enhances Purkinje Cell Survival and Alleviates Motor Dysfunction by Inhibiting Cholesterol Synthesis in a Murine Model of Niemann Pick Disease Type C. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2014; 73:234-43. [DOI: 10.1097/nen.0000000000000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Sakamoto K, Ohki K, Saito M, Nakahara T, Ishii K. Small Molecule Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors Protect Against Neuronal Cell Death in the Ischemic-Reperfused Rat Retina. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2011; 27:419-25. [DOI: 10.1089/jop.2010.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayo Ohki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Saito
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nakahara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunio Ishii
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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Yoshida Y, Sugiyama T, Utsunomiya K, Ogura Y, Ikeda T. A pilot study for the effects of donepezil therapy on cerebral and optic nerve head blood flow, visual field defect in normal-tension glaucoma. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2010; 26:187-92. [PMID: 20415624 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2009.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of donepezil hydrochloride, an agent for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), on the cerebral and optic nerve head (ONH) blood flow, visual field defect in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) patients with decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) that demonstrates an AD-like perfusion pattern. METHODS The subjects were 5 NTG patients who exhibited AD-like decreased CBF upon (123)I-iodoamphetamine single photon emission computed tomography ((123)I-IMP SPECT). Donepezil hydrochloride (5 mg/day) was prescribed for each patient during a period of 12 months. Intraocular pressure (IOP), mean deviation (MD) of the Humphrey visual field, ONH blood flow determined by a laser speckle flowgraphy, and regional CBF (rCBF) determined by (123)I-IMP SPECT were measured before and every 6 months during the treatment. RESULTS MD, ONH blood flow, and rCBF were improved significantly after 6 months of the treatment, although IOP did not change significantly. No deterioration of NTG morbidity was found in any of the measured parameters after 12 months of the treatment. CONCLUSIONS Oral administration of donepezil hydrochloride in NTG patients might prevent deterioration of visual field defect, ONH blood flow, and rCBF in the temporal, parietal, and posterior lobes. This pilot study suggested the possibility that donepezil hydrochloride might ameliorate glaucomatous optic neuropathy in NTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ujigawa Hospital, vji, Kyoto, Japan
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Valenti DA. Alzheimer's disease: visual system review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 81:12-21. [PMID: 20004873 DOI: 10.1016/j.optm.2009.04.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Revised: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ten million baby boomers in the United States will get Alzheimer's disease. Optometrists can benefit from understanding the impact the Alzheimer's disease process has on the visual system. This can result in more effective management of the condition and in more effective communication with members of the Alzheimer's disease multidisciplinary team. METHODS This is a review of the literature but by no means a completely exhaustive review. Alzheimer's disease is a complex disease. A rapidly expanding body of knowledge covers multiple disciplines. RESULTS The visual system shows deficits early in the degenerative process of Alzheimer's disease. Biomarkers through the visual system such as nerve fiber deficits, lens opacities, and functional losses in the magnocellular pathway, such as contrast sensitivity and temporal processing, may prove to not only help detect Alzheimer's disease early but also detect it before there are the classic cognitive and memory losses. CONCLUSIONS The effects of Alzheimer's disease are devastating. Optometrists, as primary care clinicians, can make critical contributions in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of this neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise A Valenti
- Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, Braintree, Massachusetts, USA.
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Sakamoto K, Ohki K, Saito M, Nakahara T, Ishii K. Histological protection by donepezil against neurodegeneration induced by ischemia-reperfusion in the rat retina. J Pharmacol Sci 2010; 112:327-35. [PMID: 20197638 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.09302fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a blockade of acetylcholine esterase has been reported to suppress neuronal cell death induced by exogenous glutamate and beta-amyloid, information is still limited regarding the neuroprotective effects of the acetylcholine esterase inhibitor donepezil. We histologically examined the effects of donepezil on neuronal injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion. Intravenous and intravitreous treatment with donepezil 15 min prior to ischemia dramatically reduced the retinal damage. The protective effect of donepezil in the ganglion cell layer was not affected by mecamylamine, a nicotinic acetylcholine-receptor antagonist, nor scopolamine, a muscarinic acetylcholine-receptor antagonist. The protective effect of donepezil in the inner plexiform layer was reduced not by mecamylamine, but by scopolamine. Neostigmine, a choline-esterase inhibitor, and pilocarpine, a muscarinic acetylcholine-receptor agonist, have protective effects in the inner plexiform layer and the inner nuclear layer. These results suggest that not only the activation of acetylcholine receptors but also a mechanism unrelated to acetylcholine-esterase inhibition contribute to the protective effect of donepezil on the ganglion cells in the ischemic-reperfused rat retina. Donepezil may be useful as a therapeutic drug against retinal diseases that cause neuronal cell death such as glaucoma with high intraocular pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
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Zhu X, Zhou W, Cui Y, Zhu L, Li J, Feng X, Shao B, Qi H, Zheng J, Wang H, Chen H. Pilocarpine protects cobalt chloride-induced apoptosis of RGC-5 cells: involvement of muscarinic receptors and HIF-1 alpha pathway. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2009; 30:427-35. [PMID: 19816768 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-009-9467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The retina is the most metabolically active tissue in the human body and hypoxia-induced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death has been implicated in glaucomatous optic neuropathy. The aim of this study is to determine whether muscarinic receptor agonist pilocarpine, a classic antiglaucoma drug, possesses neuroprotection against cobalt chloride (CoCl(2))-mimetic hypoxia-induced apoptosis of rat retinal ganglion cells (RGC-5 cells) and its underlying mechanisms. Cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and apoptosis was examined by annexin V and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assays. Expressions of hypoxia-induced factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha), p53, and BNIP3 were investigated by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis. After treatment of 200 microM CoCl(2) for 24 h, RGC-5 cells showed a marked decrease of cell viability by approximately 30%, increased apoptosis rate and obvious decline in MMP, which could largely be reversed by the pretreatment of 1 microM pilocarpine mainly via the activation of muscarinic receptors. Meanwhile, pretreatment of 1 microM pilocarpine could significantly prevent CoCl(2)-induced HIF-1 alpha translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus and down-regulate the expression of HIF-1 alpha, p53, and BNIP3. These studies demonstrated that pilocarpine had effective protection against hypoxia-induced apoptosis in RGCs via muscarinic receptors and HIF-1 alpha pathway. The findings suggest that HIF-1 alpha pathway as a "master switch" may be used as a therapeutic target in the cholinergic treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
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Zhu X, Zhou W, Cui Y, Zhu L, Li J, Xia Z, Shao B, Wang H, Chen H. Muscarinic activation attenuates abnormal processing of beta-amyloid precursor protein induced by cobalt chloride-mimetic hypoxia in retinal ganglion cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 384:110-3. [PMID: 19393223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
beta-Amyloid peptide (Abeta), the major pathological factor in Alzheimer's disease, has recently been reported to be implicated in the development of glaucoma. In this study, we explored the effect of muscarinic activation on abnormal processing of beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) induced by a risk factor hypoxia in retinal ganglion cells. Hypoxia mimetic compound cobalt chloride could increase the generation of Abeta via up-regulating the expression of APP as well as the expression of beta-secretase and gamma-secretase, whereas muscarinic receptor agonist pilocarpine could significantly attenuate this abnormal pathway, thereby resulting in a decreased amyloidogenic cleavage of APP. This finding may provide an insight into better understanding of pathophysiology for the retinal neurodegenerative disease and searching for its new modifying approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ellenberg D, Shi J, Jain S, Chang JH, Ripps H, Brady S, Melhem ER, Lakkis F, Adamis A, Chen DF, Ellis-Behnke R, Langer RS, Strittmatter SM, Azar DT. Impediments to eye transplantation: ocular viability following optic-nerve transection or enucleation. Br J Ophthalmol 2009; 93:1134-40. [PMID: 19286686 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2008.155267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of ocular viability is one of the major impediments to successful whole-eye transplantation. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the current literature to help guide future studies in order to overcome this hurdle. A systematic multistage review of published literature was performed. Three specific questions were addressed: (1) Is recovery of visual function following eye transplantation greater in cold-blooded vertebrates when compared with mammals? (2) Is outer retina function following enucleation and reperfusion improved compared with enucleation alone? (3) Following optic-nerve transection, is there a correlation between retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival and either time after transection or proximity of the transection to the globe? In a majority of the studies performed in the literature, recovery of visual function can occur after whole-eye transplantation in cold-blooded vertebrates. Following enucleation (and reperfusion), outer retinal function is maintained from 4 to 9 h. RGC survival following optic-nerve transection is inversely related to both the time since transection and the proximity of transection to the globe. Lastly, neurotrophins can increase RGC survival following optic-nerve transection. This review of the literature suggests that the use of a donor eye is feasible for whole-eye transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ellenberg
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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Sochocka M, Zaczyńska E, Leszek J, Siemieniec I, Błach-Olszewska Z. Effect of donepezil on innate antiviral immunity of human leukocytes. J Neurol Sci 2008; 273:75-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2008.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Revised: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zhu L, Yang LM, Cui YY, Zheng PL, Niu YY, Wang H, Lu Y, Ren QS, Wei PJ, Chen HZ. Stereoselectivity of satropane, a novel tropane analog, on iris muscarinic receptor activation and intraocular hypotension. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2008; 29:177-84. [PMID: 18215346 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2008.00722.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the stereoselectivity of satropane (3-paramethylbenzene sulfonyloxy-6-acetoxy tropane), a novel tropane analog, on iris muscarinic receptor activation and intraocular hypotension. METHODS The assays for radioligand-receptor binding, the contractile responses of isolated iris muscle, the miosis response, and the intraocular hypotension of the enantiomers of satropane were investigated. RESULTS In the binding analysis, S(-)satropane (lesatropane) completely competed against the [3H]quinuclydinyl benzilate-labeled ligand at muscarinic receptors in the iris muscle, whereas R(+)satropane failed to completely compete. In an isolated iris contractile assay, R,S(+/-)satropane and S(-)satropane produced a concentration-dependent contractile response with similar efficacy and potency to that of carbachol. R(+)satropane did not induce any contractile response. In the pupil diameter measurement assay in vivo, S(-)satropane induced miosis much more effectively than pilocarpine, while R(+)satropane failed to produce any miosis. In the water loading-induced and methylcellulose-induced ocular hypertensive models, S(-)satropane, but not R(+)satropane, significantly suppressed intraocular pressure at a much lower concentration than pilocarpine. CONCLUSION The agonistic and hypotensive properties of satropane on rabbit eyes are stereoselective, with the S(-)isomer being its active form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
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