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Anupama C, Shettar A, Ranganath SH, Srinivas SP. Experimental Oxidative Stress Breaks Down the Barrier Function of the Corneal Endothelium. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2023; 39:70-79. [PMID: 36346320 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2022.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The fluid pump and barrier functions of the corneal endothelium maintain stromal deturgescence required for corneal transparency. The effect of oxidative stress, a hallmark of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), on the endothelial barrier function has been investigated. Methods: The endothelium of porcine corneas ex vivo was exposed to (1) membrane permeable oxidants (H2O2, 100 μM, 1 h; tert-butyl-hydroperoxide, 100 μM, 1 h), or (2) ultraviolet A (UVA) with photosensitizers for 15 min, riboflavin (50 μM) or tryptophan (Trp) (100 μM). The effects on the apical junction complex were analyzed by (1) immunostaining the perijunctional actomyosin ring (PAMR) and ZO-1 and (2) assessment of paracellular flux of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-avidin across cultured endothelial cells grown on biotinylated-gelatin film. The extent of oxidative stress was quantified by changes in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in addition to lipid peroxidation and release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Results: Both methods of oxidative stress led to the disruption of PAMR and ZO-1 concurrent with changes in ROS levels, depolarization of MMP, increased lipid peroxidation, elevated LDH release, and increased permeability of FITC-avidin. The effects of direct oxidants were opposed by SB-203580 [p38 mitogen-activating protein (MAP) kinase inhibitor; 10 μM]. The damage by UVA+photosensitizers was blocked by extracellular catalase (10,000 U/mL). Conclusions: (1) Acute oxidative stress breaks down the barrier function through destruction of PAMR in a p38 MAP kinase-dependent manner. (2) UVA+photosensitizers elicit the breakdown of PAMR via type I reactions, involving H2O2 release. (3) Blocking the oxidative stress prevents loss of barrier function, which could be helpful in the therapeutics of FECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Anupama
- Department of Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, India.,Bio-INvENT Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, India
| | - Abhijith Shettar
- Department of Biotechnology, MS Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sudhir H Ranganath
- Bio-INvENT Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, India
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Roles and Mechanisms of Regulated Necrosis in Corneal Diseases: Progress and Perspectives. J Ophthalmol 2022; 2022:2695212. [PMID: 35655803 PMCID: PMC9152437 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2695212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated necrosis is defined as cell death characterized by loss of the cell membrane integrity and release of the cytoplasmic content. It contributes to the development and progression of some diseases, including ischemic stroke injury, liver diseases, hypertension, and cancer. Various forms of regulated necrosis, particularly pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of corneal disease. Regulated necrosis of corneal cells enhances inflammatory reactions in the adjacent corneal tissues, leading to recurrence and aggravation of corneal disease. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis in corneal diseases and discuss the roles of regulated necrosis in inflammation regulation, tissue repair, and corneal disease outcomes.
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Gupta S, Kamil S, Sinha PR, Rodier JT, Chaurasia SS, Mohan RR. Glutathione is a potential therapeutic target for acrolein toxicity in the cornea. Toxicol Lett 2021; 340:33-42. [PMID: 33421550 PMCID: PMC9206442 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Toxic and volatile chemicals are widely used in household products and previously used as warfare agents, causing a public health threat worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the extent of injury and mechanisms of acrolein toxicity in the cornea. Primary human corneal stromal fibroblasts cultures (hCSFs) from human donor cornea were cultured and exposed to acrolein toxicity with -/+ N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to study the mode of action in the presence of Buthionine sulphoximine (BSO). PrestoBlue and MTT assays were used to optimize acrolein, NAC, and BSO doses for hCSFs. Cell-based assays and qRT-PCR analyses were performed to understand the acrolein toxicity and mechanisms. Acrolein exposure leads to an increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), compromised glutathione (GSH) levels, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The TUNEL and caspase assays showed that acrolein caused cell death in hCSFs. These deleterious effects can be mitigated using NAC in hCSFs, suggesting that GSH can be a potential target for acrolein toxicity in the cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneel Gupta
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States; One-Health Vision Research Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Sabeeh Kamil
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States; One-Health Vision Research Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Prashant R Sinha
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States; One-Health Vision Research Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jason T Rodier
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States; Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Shyam S Chaurasia
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States; One-Health Vision Research Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Rajiv R Mohan
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States; One-Health Vision Research Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States; Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.
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Wang H, Shan B, Duan Y, Zhu J, Jiang L, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Qi F, Niu S. Effects of Heshouwuyin on gene expression of the insulin/IGF signalling pathway in rat testis and spermatogenic cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:1199-1210. [PMID: 33264567 PMCID: PMC7717869 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1839511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The Chinese herbal formula Heshouwu decoction (Heshouwuyin) has protective effects on testicular function in aging male rats, but the mechanism is unknown. OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether Heshouwuyin affects the testicular function of aging rats by regulating the insulin/IGF signalling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen-month-old male Wistar rats in the Heshouwuyin group and the natural-aging group were orally administered Heshouwuyin granules (0.056 g/kg) or equivalent normal saline for 60 d. The testicular tissue of 12-month-old male Wistar rats was removed as a young control group (n = 10). The testicular tissue and spermatogenic cells were studied. RESULTS The immunofluorescence results revealed that the insulin receptor (INSR)- (0.056 ± 0.00548), insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS1)- (0.251 ± 0.031), IRS2 (0.230 ± 0.019)- and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1)-positive cell rate (0.33 ± 0.04) in the aging group was higher than that in the young control group (0.116 ± 0.011, 0.401 ± 0.0256, 0.427 ± 0.031, 0.56 ± 0.031; p < 0.01), and the IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3)-positive cell rate (0.42 ± 0.024) was lower than that (0.06 ± 0.027) in the young group (p < 0.01). The intervention of Heshouwuyin reversed the above phenomena. The qPCR and immunoblot results were consistent with those of the immunofluorescence. The same results were obtained in spermatogenic cells. CONCLUSIONS Our research shows that Heshouwuyin can regulate the insulin/IGF signalling pathway to improve testicular function, and provides an experimental basis for further clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Wang
- School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Boying Shan
- School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yulei Duan
- School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Juan Zhu
- School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Feng Qi
- The Department of Internal Medicine, Baoding No.1 Hospital, Baoding, China
- Feng Qi Baoding No.1 Hospital, Baihua east road, Baoding071000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Siyun Niu
- School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- CONTACT Siyun Niu Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Yuhua east road, Lianchi District, Baoding071002, Hebei Province, China
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Lovatt M, Kocaba V, Hui Neo DJ, Soh YQ, Mehta JS. Nrf2: A unifying transcription factor in the pathogenesis of Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101763. [PMID: 33099215 PMCID: PMC7578533 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 (Nrf2), is an oxidative stress induced transcription factor that regulates cytoprotective gene expression. Thus, Nrf2 is essential for cellular redox homeostasis. Loss or dysregulation of Nrf2 expression has been implicated in the pathogenesis of degenerative diseases, including diseases of the cornea. One of the most common diseases of the cornea in which Nrf2 is implicated is Fuchs’ endothelial cornea dystrophy (FECD). FECD is the leading indication for corneal transplantation; and is associated with a loss of corneal endothelial cell (CEC) function. In this review, we propose that Nrf2 is an essential regulator of CEC function. Furthermore, we demonstrate that deficiency of Nrf2 function is a hallmark of FECD. In addition, we advocate that pharmacological targeting of Nrf2 as a possible therapy for FECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Lovatt
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Viridiana Kocaba
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore; Netherlands Institute for Innovative Ocular Surgery (NIIOS), Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dawn Jing Hui Neo
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Yu Qiang Soh
- Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Jodhbir S Mehta
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore; Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
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Silvestrini A, Mordente A, Martino G, Bruno C, Vergani E, Meucci E, Mancini A. The Role of Selenium in Oxidative Stress and in Nonthyroidal Illness Syndrome (NTIS): An Overview. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:423-449. [PMID: 29421998 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180201111159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is a trace element, nutritionally classified as an essential micronutrient, involved in maintaining the correct function of several enzymes incorporating the selenocysteine residue, namely the selenoproteins. The human selenoproteome including 25 proteins is extensively described here. The most relevant selenoproteins, including glutathione peroxidases, thioredoxin reductases and iodothyronine deiodinases are required for the proper cellular redox homeostasis as well as for the correct thyroid function, thus preventing oxidative stress and related diseases. This review summarizes the main advances on oxidative stress with a focus on selenium metabolism and transport. Moreover, thyroid-related disorders are discussed, considering that the thyroid gland contains the highest selenium amount per gram of tissue, also for future possible therapeutic implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Silvestrini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Catholic University, Largo F. Vito 1, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Alvaro Mordente
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Catholic University, Largo F. Vito 1, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Martino
- Operative Unit of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Catholic University, Largo A. Gemelli 1, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Carmine Bruno
- Operative Unit of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Catholic University, Largo A. Gemelli 1, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Edoardo Vergani
- Operative Unit of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Catholic University, Largo A. Gemelli 1, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Meucci
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Catholic University, Largo F. Vito 1, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Antonio Mancini
- Operative Unit of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Catholic University, Largo A. Gemelli 1, Rome, 00168, Italy
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Nezzar H, Mbekeani JN, Noblanc A, Chiambaretta F, Drevet JR, Kocer A. Investigation of antioxidant systems in human meibomian gland and conjunctival tissues. Exp Eye Res 2017; 165:99-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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