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Shao Y, Li WHC, Zhou R, Cheung AT. The Effects of Psychological Interventions on Fostering Resilience in Family Members of Pediatric Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Cancer Nurs 2024:00002820-990000000-00265. [PMID: 38941110 DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000001368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interventions to foster resilience may promote mental health recovery after exposure to stressors. However, comprehensive systematic syntheses of such evidence in family members of pediatric cancer patients are lacking. OBJECTIVE To systematically review and meta-analyze the evidence for the effects of psychological interventions at fostering resilience in family members of pediatric cancer patients. METHODS PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and 9 other databases were searched for articles published until March 2023. Empirical studies on psychological interventions to improve resilience in family members of pediatric cancer patients were included. Full-text and quality appraisals were performed independently by 2 reviewers. Pooled effect sizes were calculated using random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS Seventeen studies were included, of which 10 were included in the meta-analyses. There was a positive effect of interventions on resilience at postintervention time points, but no effects on depressive symptoms, stress, or well-being. The improvement in resilience was sustained in the short term (≤3 months) and medium term (>3 to ≤6 months), with delayed effects on depressive symptoms and stress. In the 6 studies that reported moderate effect sizes, the interventions comprised problem-solving skills, cognitive strategies, promotion of personal strength, and social resources. CONCLUSION The findings indicated that psychological interventions targeting resilience have the potential to positively affect the resilience and mental health outcomes of family members, particularly parents. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Psychological interventions targeting resilience hold promise in improving the mental health of family members. Future interventions should clearly specify the characteristics of the intervention, such as mode of delivery, format, and duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Shao
- Author Affiliations: The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong (Ms Shao, Dr Li, and Dr Cheung); and School of Nursing, the Hangzhou Normal University (Ms Zhou), China
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Park M, Kim S, Lee H, Shin YJ, Lyu CJ, Choi EK. Development and effects of an internet-based family resilience-promoting program for parents of children with cancer: A randomized controlled trial. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2023; 64:102332. [PMID: 37146351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2023.102332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The diagnosis of cancer in children can negatively impact their parents, owing to the complex treatment processes. Families with high levels of resilience can overcome these difficulties and thus perform higher family functions. We aimed to develop an internet-based family resilience-promoting program for parents of children with cancer and evaluate its effect on the levels of family resilience, depression, and family function. METHODS This prospective, parallel-group, randomized-controlled study that was conducted at Yonsei Cancer Center from June to October 2021 included 41 parents of children with cancer. In total, four sessions of the internet-based family resilience-promoting program, led by a nurse, were conducted individually for parents. Levels of family resilience, depression, and family function were measured before, immediately after, and 4 weeks after the program. The data were analyzed using the linear mixed-effect model, and program satisfaction was evaluated through an internet-based questionnaire and interview. RESULTS The experimental group (the family resilience-promoting program participants) differed more significantly from the control group in the level of change in family resilience (β = 13.214, p = 0.003, effect size = 0.374) and family function (β = 1.256, p = 0.018, effect size = 0.394). However, there was no significant difference between the groups in the level of depression (β = 2.133, p = 0.187, effect size = 0.416). All the program participants showed a high program satisfaction score of 4.75 out of 5.00 points overall. CONCLUSIONS The applicability of the internet-based family resilience-promoting program as an appropriate nursing intervention was verified. Its application can help the families of children with cancer adapt to the stressful situation of their children's cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Park
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Nursing, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sunah Kim
- College of Nursing and Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyejung Lee
- College of Nursing and Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Shin
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chuhl Joo Lyu
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Choi
- College of Nursing and Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Faith MA, Boone DM, Healy A, Davila E. Parent coping, emotion socialization beliefs, and sibling relationship quality in pediatric cancer. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2022.2076682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Faith
- Center for Behavioral Health, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, Saint Petersburg, FL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dianna M. Boone
- Center for Behavioral Health, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, Saint Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Ashly Healy
- Center for Behavioral Health, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, Saint Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Esther Davila
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Park M, Choi EK, Lee HJ, Park HE, Chinbayar A. Resilience-Promoting Programs in Families of Children With Cancer: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY NURSING 2022; 39:185-201. [PMID: 35467437 DOI: 10.1177/27527530211055997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Pediatric cancer is a difficult experience for children and their families. It is thus necessary to promote family resilience for the effective treatment and quality of life improvement among children with cancer. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the components of a resilience-promoting program for children with cancer and their families and to synthesize the literature findings on the outcomes of the resilience-promoting program. Method: A systematic search of the literature was conducted using five databases (PubMed, CHIAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Research Information Sharing Service) up to July 22, 2020. The search was limited to studies published in English and Korean, and to grey literature published in Korea. Studies were critically appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Extracted data were summarized as tables. Results: Eight studies were selected. The main components of the resilience-promoting program were providing information (on strategies, medical and psychoeducation, and community resources) and emotional coping (expressing feeling, reappraising cognition about adversity, and stress management). The main outcomes of these programs were reinforced outcomes (resilience, benefit finding, coping, positive affect, problem-solving skills, family adaptation, and self-concept) and improved outcomes (in depression, posttraumatic stress, anxiety, impact of illness of the family, and mood). Conclusion: As the components and outcomes of family resilience-promoting programs vary, it is necessary to consistently use valid tools to effectively identify interventions. Additionally, various methodological studies are required to further analyze the effect of these programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Park
- Department of Nursing, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nursing, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Choi
- 299347College of Nursing and Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jie Lee
- Department of Nursing, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nursing, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Eun Park
- Department of Nursing, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nursing, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Altantuya Chinbayar
- Department of Nursing, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Wawrzynski SE, Schaefer MR, Schvaneveldt N, Alderfer MA. Social support and siblings of children with cancer: A scoping review. Psychooncology 2021; 30:1232-1245. [PMID: 33851490 PMCID: PMC8363579 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Social support is essential in healthy adjustment to life stressors. This scoping review examines how social support has been conceptualized, operationalized, and studied among siblings of children with cancer. Gaps in the current literature are identified, and future research directions are proposed. METHODS A rigorous systematic scoping review framework guided our process. Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus were searched for literature regarding social support and siblings of children with cancer. After screening, 57 articles were identified (n = 26 quantitative, n = 21 qualitative, and n = 10 multi-method) and their content extracted for summarization. RESULTS The majority of studies (n = 43, 75.4%) were descriptive; 14 (24.6%) included interventions, and of those, four were experimental. Few studies used a clearly defined theoretical framework, or validated tools to measure social support. Studies explored perceived social support needs of siblings, the provision and availability of formal support through interventions and related outcomes, and informal family social supports. A variety of support types were found to be helpful to siblings in different ways. CONCLUSIONS Social support is a prevalent topic in the literature regarding siblings of children with cancer. It is unclear what types of support are most important due to how it has been conceptualized and measured. Despite some methodological limitations, greater levels of social support have been linked to better adaptation among siblings of children with cancer. Future work is warranted to identify the most beneficial types of support for siblings based on their age, developmental stage, and the cancer trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Wawrzynski
- Intermountain Primary Children's Hospital, Pediatric Critical Care Services, College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Megan R Schaefer
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nena Schvaneveldt
- Eccles Health Science Library, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Melissa A Alderfer
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health System and Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Arora SRA, Shama W, Lucchetta S, Markowitz S, Yohan A. The cancer journey through the lens of a sibling: a photovoice intervention for teen siblings of children with cancer. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2021; 60:430-447. [PMID: 34086540 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2021.1926397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photovoice was employed as a clinical intervention to engage siblings of children with cancer, provide opportunity for sibling support, and elicit information about their lived experiences. Sibling support groups have been effective, however, none have utilized this intervention. Four teenagers who had a sibling diagnosed with cancer participated in a seven-week intervention group. Themes were identified to inform future clinical practice. Four main themes included: (i) support, (ii) changes, (iii) feelings, and (iv) Photovoice group experience. Photovoice, used as a clinical intervention, elicited valuable information and generated fruitful conversations, enabling siblings to relate to and learn from one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran R A Arora
- Department of Social Work, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wendy Shama
- Department of Social Work, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonia Lucchetta
- Department of Social Work, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shawna Markowitz
- Department of Social Work, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Yohan
- Department of Social Work, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Guan T, Chapman MV, Qan'ir Y, Song L. Psychosocial interventions for siblings of children with cancer: A mixed methods systematic review. Psychooncology 2021; 30:818-831. [PMID: 33848391 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review systematically (1) describes the characteristics of psychosocial interventions for siblings of children with cancer (SCC); (2) assesses the effect of the psychosocial interventions on SCCs' outcomes, and (3) describes SCCs' experiences and perceptions of these interventions. METHODS Seven databases were systematically searched for relevant literature. We included both quantitative and qualitative studies of psychological interventions designed to improve the adjustment of SCCs. RESULTS Our database searches yielded 19 publications. We found a range of psychosocial interventions being used among SCCs, with group interventions being the most common. The primary outcomes focused on the SCCs' depression, anxiety, and quality of life. Quantitative studies provided insufficient evidence to draw definitive conclusions about the interventions' effects, whereas the qualitative studies indicated that SCCs can derive benefits from these interventions, including an enhanced sense of belonging and bonding, improved family relationships, increased self-awareness and confidence, increased cancer knowledge, and decreased somatic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Although a growing number of psychosocial interventions have been developed to improve the adjustment of SCCs, research evidence of the effects of these interventions on SCCs' adjustment remains limited. Future research needs to rigorously evaluate the effects of these interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Guan
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mimi V Chapman
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yousef Qan'ir
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lixin Song
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Weiner JA, Woodley LK. An integrative review of sibling responses to childhood cancer. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2018; 31:109-119. [PMID: 30548360 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
TOPIC Siblings of children with cancer experience extraordinary responses and changes to their lives over the course of their family's cancer journey. PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to conduct an integrative literature review to synthesize and analyze relevant findings related to the siblings' experiences of childhood cancer. SOURCES USED CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO were searched using the key terms: "sibling*" AND "pediatric*" AND "cancer" AND "experienc*" OR "experience*." Inclusion criteria for this review were research studies focused on sibling responses to having a brother or sister with cancer, published in English between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2017. CONCLUSIONS Siblings of children with cancer experience many changes to their emotions, relationships, family and home life, school life, and extracurricular activities. They have specific needs and desires including the need for information. Whereas they undergo many changes during the cancer journey, siblings often demonstrate resilience and personal growth and find ways to problem-solve and cope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A Weiner
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Nursing, Undergraduate Division, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Lisa K Woodley
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Nursing, Undergraduate Division, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Peikert ML, Inhestern L, Bergelt C. Psychosocial interventions for rehabilitation and reintegration into daily life of pediatric cancer survivors and their families: A systematic review. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196151. [PMID: 29672608 PMCID: PMC5908186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The survival rate of childhood cancer patients increased over the past decades. However, even after successful treatment the transition back to normalcy is often a major challenge for the whole family. Therefore, this study aims to provide an overview of psychosocial interventions for childhood cancer survivors and their families in the first years after the end of cancer treatment. Methods We conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA Checklist (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses; PROSPERO registration number: CRD42017059782). In November 2016 and September 2017, we searched the databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, PSYNDEX, and Web of Science. We included studies investigating psychosocial interventions for childhood cancer survivors diagnosed under the age of 21, their family members or the family as a whole. Further, we summarized the study characteristics and conducted a narrative synthesis of the results. Finally, we assessed the study quality with the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool. Results We identified a total of 8215 records based on our database searches and 17 additional records through hand searches. We included 33 articles in the qualitative synthesis. Most of the studies described interventions for the cancer survivor (n = 15). Nine studies investigated interventions for the whole family, and two studies interventions for siblings. The interventions mainly take place in an outpatient group setting (n = 15). Overall, most of the studies reported a significant psychosocial benefit of the interventions. However, the quality of the included studies was limited. Conclusion In summary, we identified a broad range of different interventions and thus could give a comprehensive overview of existing interventions for childhood cancer survivors and their families. However, there is a necessity for high quality studies. The results may help to optimize health care services that support families with the re-entry into daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Leandra Peikert
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Laura Inhestern
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Bergelt
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Long KA, Lehmann V, Gerhardt CA, Carpenter AL, Marsland AL, Alderfer MA. Psychosocial functioning and risk factors among siblings of children with cancer: An updated systematic review. Psychooncology 2018; 27:1467-1479. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.4669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vicky Lehmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Psychology; Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
- Center for Biobehavioral Health Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Columbus OH USA
| | - Cynthia A. Gerhardt
- Department of Pediatrics and Psychology; Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
- Center for Biobehavioral Health Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Columbus OH USA
| | | | | | - Melissa A. Alderfer
- Nemours Children's Health System/A.I. duPont Hospital for Children; Wilmington DE USA
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia PA USA
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Neville A, Simard M, Hancock K, Rokeach A, Saleh A, Barrera M. The Emotional Experience and Perceived Changes in Siblings of Children With Cancer Reported During a Group Intervention. Oncol Nurs Forum 2016; 43:E188-94. [DOI: 10.1188/16.onf.e188-e194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Gerhardt CA, Lehmann V, Long KA, Alderfer MA. Supporting Siblings as a Standard of Care in Pediatric Oncology. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015; 62 Suppl 5:S750-804. [PMID: 26700924 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this study, evidence is provided for supporting siblings as a standard of care in pediatric oncology. Using Medline, PsycInfo, and CINAHL, a systematic search of articles published over the past two decades about siblings of children with cancer was conducted. A total of 125 articles, which were primarily descriptive studies, were evaluated by the four investigators using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. There is moderate-quality evidence, as well as support from community stakeholders, to justify a strong recommendation that siblings of children with cancer should be provided with psychosocial services and that parents and professionals are advised about how to meet siblings' needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Gerhardt
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Vicky Lehmann
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kristin A Long
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Melissa A Alderfer
- Nemours Children's Health System, Wilmington DE and Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Zegaczewski T, Chang K, Coddington J, Berg A. Factors Related to Healthy Siblings’ Psychosocial Adjustment to Children With Cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 2015; 33:218-27. [PMID: 26483426 DOI: 10.1177/1043454215600426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To identify factors related to the psychosocial adjustment of healthy siblings of children with cancer (HSCC). Design and Method: An integrative review was conducted. Controlled vocabularies relevant to siblings, pediatrics, children, neoplasms, and psychosocial adaptation were used to search Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature and PubMed. Articles that met inclusion criteria (eg, quantitative studies related to HSCC’s psychosocial adjustment; had sample sizes of at least 30; and HSCC age between 1 and 19 years) were reviewed. Key findings of selected articles were analyzed according to sibling characteristics, social support, and contextual factors. Results: Seven nonexperimental and 5 quasi-experimental studies were reviewed. HSCC’s characteristics (eg, age, gender), perceived social support from family and summer camp, and perceived contextual factors (eg, role overload, family adaptability) were significant factors that correlated with HSCC’s psychosocial adjustment. Conclusion: When caring for a child diagnosed with cancer, nurses need to include HSCC in the assessment of a family unit’s adaptation to cancer distress and provide appropriate interventions to promote HSCC’s psychosocial well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Abby Berg
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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