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Cordiano R, Di Gioacchino M, Mangifesta R, Panzera C, Gangemi S, Minciullo PL. Malondialdehyde as a Potential Oxidative Stress Marker for Allergy-Oriented Diseases: An Update. Molecules 2023; 28:5979. [PMID: 37630231 PMCID: PMC10457993 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28165979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a compound that is derived from the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. It has been used as a biomarker to measure oxidative stress in various biological samples in patients who are affected by a wide range of diseases. The aim of our work is to provide an updated overview of the role of MDA as a marker of oxidative stress in allergy-related diseases. We considered studies involving both paediatric and adult patients affected by rhinitis, asthma, urticaria and atopic dermatitis. The measurement of MDA was performed on different types of samples. The reported data highlight the role of serum MDA in inflammatory airway diseases. According to the literature review, the oxidative stress status in asthmatic patients, assessed via MDA determination, appears to worsen in the presence of other allergic airway diseases and in relation to the disease severity. This suggests that MDA can be a suitable marker for monitoring the disease status. However, there are several limitations in the considered studies due to the different samples used and the lack of phenotyping and description of the clinical period of patients examined. In cutaneous allergic diseases, the role of MDA is controversial because of the smallness of the studies and the heterogeneity of the samples and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Cordiano
- Unit and School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (R.C.); (C.P.); (S.G.); (P.L.M.)
| | - Mario Di Gioacchino
- Center of Advanced Science and Technology (CAST), G. D’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- YDA—Institute of Clinical Immunotherapy and Advanced Biological Treatments, 65121 Pescara, Italy
| | - Rocco Mangifesta
- Center of Advanced Science and Technology (CAST), G. D’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Claudia Panzera
- Unit and School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (R.C.); (C.P.); (S.G.); (P.L.M.)
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Unit and School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (R.C.); (C.P.); (S.G.); (P.L.M.)
| | - Paola Lucia Minciullo
- Unit and School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (R.C.); (C.P.); (S.G.); (P.L.M.)
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Emma R, Caruso M, Campagna D, Pulvirenti R, Li Volti G. The Impact of Tobacco Cigarettes, Vaping Products and Tobacco Heating Products on Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1829. [PMID: 36139904 PMCID: PMC9495690 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells constantly produce oxidizing species because of their metabolic activity, which is counteracted by the continuous production of antioxidant species to maintain the homeostasis of the redox balance. A deviation from the metabolic steady state leads to a condition of oxidative stress. The source of oxidative species can be endogenous or exogenous. A major exogenous source of these species is tobacco smoking. Oxidative damage can be induced in cells by chemical species contained in smoke through the generation of pro-inflammatory compounds and the modulation of intracellular pro-inflammatory pathways, resulting in a pathological condition. Cessation of smoking reduces the morbidity and mortality associated with cigarette use. Next-generation products (NGPs), as alternatives to combustible cigarettes, such as electronic cigarettes (e-cig) and tobacco heating products (THPs), have been proposed as a harm reduction strategy to reduce the deleterious impacts of cigarette smoking. In this review, we examine the impact of tobacco smoke and MRPs on oxidative stress in different pathologies, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and tumors. The impact of tobacco cigarette smoke on oxidative stress signaling in human health is well established, whereas the safety profile of MRPs seems to be higher than tobacco cigarettes, but further, well-conceived, studies are needed to better understand the oxidative effects of these products with long-term exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Emma
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Caruso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 89, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Davide Campagna
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 89, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Roberta Pulvirenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 89, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Alobaidi A, Alsamarai A, Alsamarai MA. Inflammation in Asthma Pathogenesis: Role of T cells, Macrophages, Epithelial Cells and Type 2 Inflammation. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:317-332. [PMID: 34544350 DOI: 10.2174/1871523020666210920100707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease with abnormal inflammatory and immunological responses. The disease initiated by antigens in subjects with genetic susceptibility. However, environmental factors play a role in the initiation and exacerbation of asthma attack. Asthma is T helper 2 (Th2)-cell-mediated disease. Recent studies indicated that asthma is not a single disease entity, but it is with multiple phenotypes and endotypes. The pathophysiological changes in asthma included a series of subsequent continuous vicious circle of cellular activation contributed to induction of chemokines and cytokines that potentiate inflammation. The heterogeneity of asthma influenced the treatment response. The asthma pathogenesis driven by varied set of cells such as eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, mast cells, macrophages, epithelial cells and T cells. In this review the role of T cells, macrophage, and epithelial cells are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Alobaidi
- Kirkuk University College of Veterinary Medicine, Kirkuk. Iraq
| | - Abdulghani Alsamarai
- Aalborg Academy College of Medicine [AACOM], Denmark. Tikrit University College of Medicine, [TUCOM], Tikrit. Iraq
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Kleniewska P, Pawliczak R. The influence of apocynin, lipoic acid and probiotics on antioxidant enzyme levels in the pulmonary tissues of obese asthmatic mice. Life Sci 2019; 234:116780. [PMID: 31430453 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bronchial asthma and obesity are common health problems. Obesity is already responsible for 300,000 deaths per year. AIMS The aim of the present study was to assess whether apocynin, alpha lipoic acid and probiotic administration in combination with low-fat diet supplementation influences the levels of antioxidant enzymes in the pulmonary tissues of obese asthmatic mice. MAIN METHODS The study was performed on male C57/BL6 mice divided into 10 groups: (I) control; (II) asthma; (III) obesity; (IV) asthma + obesity; (V) asthma + obesity + apocynin p.o. 15 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks; (VI) asthma + obesity + low-fat diet for 12 weeks; (VII) asthma + obesity + low-fat diet for 12 weeks with apocynin p.o. 15 mg/kg/day; (VIII) asthma + obesity + low-fat diet with probiotics for 12 weeks; (IX) asthma + obesity + low-fat diet for 12 weeks with lipoic acid p.o. 100 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks; (X) asthma + obesity + standard diet with probiotics for 12 weeks. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity were examined. The administration of apocynin alone and apocynin in combination with a low-fat diet resulted in a significant increase in SOD values (respectively p < 0.001; p = 0.010). Application of probiotics resulted in a decrease in CAT activity (p = 0.037) and an increase in GPx activity (p < 0.001) compared to obese asthmatic mice. The administration of lipoic acid resulted in an increase in GR activity (p = 0.024 vs. control). KEY FINDINGS Supplementation containing apocynin, lipoic acid and probiotics has a positive influence on the antioxidant capacity of the pulmonary tissues of obese asthmatic mice. SIGNIFICANCE These results may contribute to the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kleniewska
- Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Rafał Pawliczak
- Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
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Mothes-Luksch N, Jordakieva G, Hinterhölzl L, Jensen AN, Hallmann PK, Kundi M, Jensen-Jarolim E. Allergy diagnosis from symptoms to molecules, or from molecules to symptoms: a comparative clinical study. World Allergy Organ J 2018; 11:22. [PMID: 30214659 PMCID: PMC6131881 DOI: 10.1186/s40413-018-0199-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Classical allergy diagnostic workup “from symptoms to molecules” comprises 1) clinical investigation, 2) skin prick- and IgE- testing, and recently, 3) molecular allergy testing. We aimed to examine the diagnostic fidelity of the alternative approach “from molecules to symptoms”, which was recently suggested in the EAACI Molecular Allergology User’s Guide, in a retrospective clinical study. Methods Records from 202 patients with clinically suspected allergic sensitizations were extracted from files at two sites applying either the “ISAC-first” workup with IgE-testing by immuno-solid phase allergen chip ISAC112 followed by selected skin prick tests (SPT) or the “SPT-first” starting with SPT followed by the microarray test. Results In the ISAC-first procedure significantly less SPTs were performed during allergy diagnosis (median 4 vs. 14). By SPT in 19% of patients in the ISAC-first group and in 34% in the SPT-first group additional respiratory allergens (p = 0.014) were detected not positive in ISAC microarray. By ISAC microarray test 18% additional sensitizations were found in the ISAC-first, and 32% in SPT-first cohort (p = 0.016). For food allergens 13 and 12% additional sensitizations were detected by the microarray not detected by SPT in the two groups (p = 0.800). No additional food allergen was found by SPT in the ISAC-first group, while in 6% of the cases in the SPT-first group detected sensitizations were negative in the microarray. Discussion The ISAC-first approach followed by (fewer) SPTs meets the demands for a patient’s tailored diagnostic work-up and therefore can be considered equivalent to the conventional way using the skin prick test as first screening tool, followed by IgE diagnosis. Conclusions For the diagnostic verification of clinically suspected allergy, the novel concept “from molecules to clinic” offers a reliable diagnostic workup in shorter time. Due to lower skin test numbers it is especially applicable for young children and seniors, in atopic patients, and whenever skin tests get difficult or unreliable. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40413-018-0199-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mothes-Luksch
- 1Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Währinger G. 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,AllergyCare, Allergy Diagnosis and Study Center, Vienna, Austria.,3Department of Dermatology, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Jordakieva
- 4Institute of Occupational Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - L Hinterhölzl
- 1Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Währinger G. 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - A N Jensen
- AllergyCare, Allergy Diagnosis and Study Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - P K Hallmann
- AllergyCare, Allergy Diagnosis and Study Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Kundi
- 5Center for Public Health, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - E Jensen-Jarolim
- 1Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Währinger G. 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,AllergyCare, Allergy Diagnosis and Study Center, Vienna, Austria.,The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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6
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Rider CF, Carlsten C. Air pollution and resistance to inhaled glucocorticoids: Evidence, mechanisms and gaps to fill. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 194:1-21. [PMID: 30138638 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Substantial evidence indicates that cigarette smoke exposure induces resistance to glucocorticoids, the primary maintenance medication in asthma treatment. Modest evidence also suggests that air pollution may reduce the effectiveness of these critical medications. Cigarette smoke, which has clear parallels with air pollution, has been shown to induce glucocorticoid resistance in asthma and it has been speculated that air pollution may have similar effects. However, the literature on an association of air pollution with glucocorticoid resistance is modest to date. In this review, we detail the evidence for, and against, the effects of air pollution on glucocorticoid effectiveness, focusing on results from epidemiology and controlled human exposure studies. Epidemiological studies indicate a correlation between increased air pollution exposure and worse asthma symptoms. But these studies also show a mix of beneficial and harmful effects of glucocorticoids on spirometry and asthma symptoms, perhaps due to confounding influences, or the induction of glucocorticoid resistance. We describe mechanisms that may contribute to reductions in glucocorticoid responsiveness following air pollution exposure, including changes to phosphorylation or oxidation of the glucocorticoid receptor, repression by cytokines, or inflammatory pathways, and epigenetic effects. Possible interactions between air pollution and respiratory infections are also briefly discussed. Finally, we detail a number of therapies that may boost glucocorticoid effectiveness or reverse resistance in the presence of air pollution, and comment on the beneficial effects of engineering controls, such as air filtration and asthma action plans. We also call attention to the benefits of improved clean air policy on asthma. This review highlights numerous gaps in our knowledge of the interactions between air pollution and glucocorticoids to encourage further research in this area with a view to reducing the harm caused to those with airways disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Rider
- Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chan-Yeung Centre for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Disease (COERD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Chris Carlsten
- Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chan-Yeung Centre for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Disease (COERD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Institute for Heart and Lung Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Jensen-Jarolim E, Jensen AN, Canonica GW. Debates in allergy medicine: Molecular allergy diagnosis with ISAC will replace screenings by skin prick test in the future. World Allergy Organ J 2017; 10:33. [PMID: 28959378 PMCID: PMC5604284 DOI: 10.1186/s40413-017-0162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In today's clinical practice patients' skin is used as screening organ for diagnosing type 1 allergy. According to European guidelines skin prick testing with a panel of 18 allergen extracts is recommended, in the US between 10 to 50 allergens are used. The specificity and sensitivity of skin testing is individually highly variable depending on age, body mass, and skin barrier status. In atopic inflammation skin testing gives more false positive results. Smaller skin area and strain limits prick testing in small children. Although the risk for systemic reactions in skin prick testing is very small, emergency medications must be available. Considering the fact that IgE is the only reliable biomarker for type I allergy, upfront IgE screening with ISAC, followed by fewer skin tests to approve positive sensitizations, is proposed. It is time to arrive in the age of molecular allergy diagnosis in daily patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Jensen-Jarolim
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- The interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A. N. Jensen
- AllergyCare, Allergy Diagnosis and Study Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - G. W. Canonica
- Personalized Medicine Asthma & Allergy Clinic, Humanitas University & Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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Kleniewska P, Pawliczak R. The participation of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:100-108. [PMID: 28756367 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are produced during oxygen reduction and are characterized by high reactivity. They participate in many important physiological processes, but if produced in high concentrations they lead to oxidative stress development and disturb pro-oxidative/anti-oxidative balance towards the oxidation reaction - leading to damage of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates or nucleic acids. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways of various pathogenesis and clinical symptoms, prevalence in recent years has increased significantly. Recently published literature point out the involvement of reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of asthma. Changes in the protein and lipid oxidation lead, among others, to pathological changes in the respiratory epithelial cells, an increase in vascular permeability, mucus overproduction, smooth muscle contraction or airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). The aim of this study is to present the current state of knowledge on the influence of oxidative stress parameters on asthma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kleniewska
- Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowskiego St, bldg 2 Rm 122, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafał Pawliczak
- Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowskiego St, bldg 2 Rm 122, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
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Nadeem A, Siddiqui N, Alharbi NO, Alharbi MM. Airway and systemic oxidant-antioxidant dysregulation in asthma: A possible scenario of oxidants spill over from lung into blood. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2014; 29:31-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Vijverberg SJH, Koenderman L, Koster ES, van der Ent CK, Raaijmakers JAM, Maitland-van der Zee AH. Biomarkers of therapy responsiveness in asthma: pitfalls and promises. Clin Exp Allergy 2012; 41:615-29. [PMID: 21488995 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03694.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide. There is a large inter-individual variability in response to asthma treatment. Most patients respond well to standard therapy; however, a small proportion of the patients remain symptomatic despite treatment with high dosages of corticosteroids. Uncontrolled asthma leads to a decreased quality of life. Therefore, it is important to identify individuals who will respond poorly to standard asthma medication, especially to standard maintenance therapy with inhaled corticosteroids, at an early stage. Response to anti-inflammatory therapy is generally monitored by the assessment of clinical symptoms, which only partially correlates with underlying airway inflammation. The identification of specific inflammatory biomarkers might help to guide treatment or predict a corticosteroid response more accurately. Some inflammatory biomarkers are already finding their way into clinical practice (e.g. fraction of nitric oxide in exhaled breath), whereas others are predominantly used as a research tool (e.g. profiles of volatile organic compounds). Currently, there is no inflammatory biomarker used in routine clinical practice to predict a corticosteroid response. More knowledge on the underlying biological mechanism(s) of heterogeneous therapeutic responses could help to identify novel biomarkers. This review will focus on inflammatory patterns and genetic variations that may underlie differences in treatment response in patients with asthma, and will provide an overview of inflammatory biomarkers that could potentially serve as response predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J H Vijverberg
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Over the past decade, the concept of asthma control as distinct from asthma severity has been clearly defined. Well controlled asthma is the goal of therapy in all asthma patients. This review is a comprehensive description of the tools currently available for a methodical assessment of different aspects of asthma control in clinical practice and research. RECENT FINDINGS Several questionnaires for assessing asthma control have been extensively validated in adults. In children, validation data are less extensive. Considerable overlap exists between asthma control measures and measures of asthma-specific quality of life. Asthma-specific quality-of-life questionnaires have been used as primary outcome measures in major clinical trials evaluating asthma therapy. Biomarkers that reflect eosinophilic inflammation of the airways are used as intermediate outcome measures to reflect the biological basis of asthma control. There is some controversy, however, over which biomarkers are best incorporated into therapeutic algorithms that attempt to achieve maximal asthma control while minimizing treatment intensity. SUMMARY In designing clinical studies to evaluate different asthma therapies, researchers will find this review to be a useful resource in terms of choosing the appropriate tool for assessing asthma control. This is also a valuable resource for a methodical assessment of response to asthma therapy in routine clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bime
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD 21224,USA
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12
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Bartoli ML, Novelli F, Costa F, Malagrinò L, Melosini L, Bacci E, Cianchetti S, Dente FL, Di Franco A, Vagaggini B, Paggiaro PL. Malondialdehyde in exhaled breath condensate as a marker of oxidative stress in different pulmonary diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2011; 2011:891752. [PMID: 21772668 PMCID: PMC3136125 DOI: 10.1155/2011/891752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of many chronic inflammatory lung diseases. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) collection is a noninvasive method to investigate pulmonary oxidative stress biomarkers such as malondialdehyde (MDA). SUBJECTS AND METHODS We measured MDA levels in EBC in a large number of patients (N = 194) with respiratory diseases: asthma (N = 64), bronchiectasis (BE, N = 19), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, N = 73), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF, N = 38). Fourteen healthy nonsmoking subjects were included as controls. RESULTS Excluding IPF subjects, MDA levels were significantly higher in all disease groups than in control group. MDA was significantly higher in COPD than asthmatic and BE subjects. Among asthmatics, corticosteroids-treated subjects had lower MDA levels than untreated subjects. COPD subjects showed an inverse correlation between MDA concentrations and FEV(1)% (rho: -0.24, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS EBC-MDA is increased in subjects with chronic airway disorders, particularly in COPD, and it is related to FEV(1) reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Bartoli
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Ospedale di Cisanello, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - F. Novelli
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Ospedale di Cisanello, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - F. Costa
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Ospedale di Cisanello, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - L. Malagrinò
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Ospedale di Cisanello, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - L. Melosini
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Ospedale di Cisanello, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - E. Bacci
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Ospedale di Cisanello, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - S. Cianchetti
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Ospedale di Cisanello, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - F. L. Dente
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Ospedale di Cisanello, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - A. Di Franco
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Ospedale di Cisanello, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - B. Vagaggini
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Ospedale di Cisanello, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - P. L. Paggiaro
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Ospedale di Cisanello, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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13
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Teng Y, Sun P, Zhang J, Yu R, Bai J, Yao X, Huang M, Adcock IM, Barnes PJ. Hydrogen peroxide in exhaled breath condensate in patients with asthma: a promising biomarker? Chest 2011; 140:108-116. [PMID: 21436249 DOI: 10.1378/chest.10-2816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The measurement of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) has been proposed as a noninvasive way of monitoring airway inflammation. However, results from individual studies on EBC H(2)O(2) evaluation of asthma are conflicting. The purpose of this study was to explore whether EBC H(2)O(2) is elevated in people with asthma and whether it reflects disease severity and disease control or responds to corticosteroid treatment. METHODS Studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and www.controlled-trials.com for relevant reports published before September 2010. Observational studies comparing levels of EBC H(2)O(2) between patients with asthma who were nonsmokers and healthy subjects were included. Data were independently extracted by two investigators and analyzed using Stata 10.0 software. RESULTS Eight studies (involving 728 participants) were included. EBC H(2)O(2) concentrations were significantly higher in patients with asthma who were nonsmokers compared with healthy subjects, and higher values of EBC H(2)O(2) were observed at each level of asthma, classified either by severity or control level, and the values were negatively correlated with FEV(1). In addition, EBC H(2)O(2) concentrations were lower in patients with asthma treated with corticosteroids than in patients with asthma not treated with corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS H(2)O(2) might be a promising biomarker for guiding asthma treatment. However, further investigation is needed to establish its role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Teng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peili Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingying Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongbin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianling Bai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Mao Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, England
| | - Peter J Barnes
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, England
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Kazani S, Israel E. Exhaled breath condensates in asthma: diagnostic and therapeutic implications. J Breath Res 2010; 4:047001. [PMID: 21383487 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/4/4/047001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) collection and analysis offers a unique non-invasive method to sample the airway lining fluid. It enables classification and quantification of airway inflammation associated with various pulmonary diseases such as asthma. Over the last decade, innumerable efforts have been made to identify biomarkers in EBC for diagnosis and management of asthma. The aim of this review is to consolidate information available to date, summarize findings from studies and identify potential biomarkers which need further refinement through translational research prior to application in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsah Kazani
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, PBB Clinics 3, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Dyspnea perception in asthma: role of airways inflammation, age and emotional status. Respir Med 2010; 105:195-203. [PMID: 20965711 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2010.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dyspnea perception in asthmatics differs between subjects. Poor perception is usually associated with increased risk of asthma attack/exacerbation. The advanced stage of the disease and the presence of eosinophilic airways inflammation have been recently recognized as being responsible for poor dyspnea perception. However, few studies are available on this topic. DESIGN The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of inflammatory pattern, age and affective status on dyspnea perception in asthmatic subjects. SUBJECTS AND INTERVENTIONS Seventy-one consecutive asthmatic patients were recruited and underwent induced sputum, exhaled NO measurement and breath condensate collection. Perception of dyspnea was evaluated as a BORG-VAS/FEV(1) slope before and after the broncho-reversibility test and correlated with the stage of asthma, inflammatory markers, age and depression scale. RESULTS Dyspnea perception decreases with the worsening of asthma, with the advance of age and of depression status. Furthermore, airways inflammation plays a key role in the decline of dyspnea perception as proved by the negative correlation observed between inflammatory cells in sputum, exhaled pH and NO and BORG-VAS/FEV(1) slope. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study suggested that airways inflammation, depression status, advance age and severity of asthma influence dyspnea perception and suggest a straight control to identify and better manage poor preceptor asthmatics.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The collection of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a noninvasive method for evaluation of airway inflammation. This article reviews recent data concerning the ability of EBC markers to reflect alterations in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or environment and occupation-induced changes. RECENT FINDINGS The recovery of biomarkers in EBC is affected by physical characteristics of the condensing device and collecting circumstances as well as environmental conditions or exercise. The complexities of nitrogen oxide chemistry make assessment of nitric oxide metabolites in EBC and exhaled nitric oxide complementary. Analysing of EBC markers is valuable in asthma, as changes were reported irrespective of current anti-inflammatory treatment or atopic status as well as in monitoring cigarette smoking-related airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Hyperinflation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease might be a potential confounder for the level of inflammation markers in EBC. In general, patterns of markers are likely to more accurately reflect the complex pathophysiological processes and therefore should be evaluated rather than a single marker. SUMMARY EBC might be of particular interest in preventive medicine as inflammatory processes triggered may precede changes in lung function. Robust and easy-to-handle condensing devices and analytical methods are warranted to spread the use of EBC.
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