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Zurca AD, González-Dambrauskas S, Colleti J, Vasquez-Hoyos P, Prata-Barbosa A, Boothe D, Combs BE, Lee JH, Franklin D, Pon S, Karsies T, Shein SL. Intensivists' Reported Management of Critical Bronchiolitis: More Data and New Guidelines Needed. Hosp Pediatr 2023; 13:660-670. [PMID: 37424406 PMCID: PMC10375032 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2023-007120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Existing bronchiolitis guidelines do not reflect the needs of infants admitted to the PICU. This study aimed to identify PICU providers' reported practice variations and explore the need for critical bronchiolitis clinical guidelines. METHODS Cross-sectional electronic survey available in English, Spanish, and Portuguese between November 2020 and March 2021, distributed via research networks from North and Latin America, Asia, and Australia/New Zealand. RESULTS A total of 657 PICU providers responded, including 344 English, 204 Spanish, and 109 Portuguese. PICU providers indicated frequently using (≥25% of time) diagnostic modalities for nonintubated and intubated patients on PICU admission (complete blood count [75%-97%], basic metabolic panel [64%-92%], respiratory viral panel [90%-95%], chest x-ray [83%-98%]). Respondents also reported regularly (≥25% of time) prescribing β-2 agonists (43%-50%), systemic corticosteroids (23%-33%), antibiotics (24%-41%), and diuretics (13%-41%). Although work of breathing was the most common variable affecting providers' decision to initiate enteral feeds for nonintubated infants, hemodynamic status was the most common variable for intubated infants (82% of providers). Most respondents agreed it would be beneficial to have specific guidelines for infants with critical bronchiolitis who are requiring both noninvasive (91% agreement) and invasive (89% agreement) respiratory support. CONCLUSIONS PICU providers report performing diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for infants with bronchiolitis more frequently than recommended by current clinical guidelines, with interventions occurring more frequently for infants requiring invasive support. More clinical research is needed to inform the creation of evidence-based guidelines specifically for infants with critical bronchiolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastián González-Dambrauskas
- Departamento de Pediatría y Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de Niñosdel Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Red Colaborativa Pediátrica de Latinoamérica (LARed Network), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jose Colleti
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein and Hospital Assunção Rede D’Or, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pablo Vasquez-Hoyos
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia and Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Bogota, Colombia
- Red Colaborativa Pediátrica de Latinoamérica (LARed Network), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Arnaldo Prata-Barbosa
- Department of Pediatrics, Instituto D’Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - David Boothe
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Bryan E. Combs
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jan Hau Lee
- Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital and Paediatrics Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Donna Franklin
- Children’s Critical Care Research Group, Gold Coast University Hospital and Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Steven Pon
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Todd Karsies
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Steven L. Shein
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
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van Hasselt TJ, Webster K, Gale C, Draper ES, Seaton SE. Children born preterm admitted to paediatric intensive care for bronchiolitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:326. [PMID: 37386478 PMCID: PMC10308614 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To undertake a systematic review of studies describing the proportion of children admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and/or bronchiolitis who were born preterm, and compare their outcomes in PICU with children born at term. METHODS We searched Medline, Embase and Scopus. Citations and references of included articles were searched. We included studies published from the year 2000 onwards, from high-income countries, that examined children 0-18 years of age, admitted to PICU from the year 2000 onwards for RSV and/or bronchiolitis. The primary outcome was the percentage of PICU admissions born preterm, and secondary outcomes were observed relative risks of invasive mechanical ventilation and mortality within PICU. We used the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies to assess risk of bias. RESULTS We included 31 studies, from 16 countries, including a total of 18,331 children. Following meta-analysis, the pooled estimate for percentage of PICU admissions for RSV/bronchiolitis who were born preterm was 31% (95% confidence interval: 27% to 35%). Children born preterm had a greater risk of requiring invasive ventilation compared to children born at term (relative risk 1.57, 95% confidence interval 1.25 to 1.97, I2 = 38%). However, we did not observe a significant increase in the relative risk for mortality within PICU for preterm-born children (relative risk 1.10, 95% confidence interval: 0.70 to 1.72, I2 = 0%), although the mortality rate was low across both groups. The majority of studies (n = 26, 84%) were at high risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS Among PICU admissions for bronchiolitis, preterm-born children are over-represented compared with the preterm birth rate (preterm birth rate 4.4% to 14.4% across countries included in review). Preterm-born children are at higher risk of mechanical ventilation compared to those born at term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim J van Hasselt
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, University Rd, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
| | - Kirstin Webster
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, University Rd, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Chris Gale
- Neonatal Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth S Draper
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, University Rd, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Sarah E Seaton
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, University Rd, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
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3
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Ortmann LA, Nabower A, Cullimore ML, Kerns E. Antibiotic use in nonintubated children with bronchiolitis in the intensive care unit. Pediatr Pulmonol 2023; 58:804-810. [PMID: 36440528 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antibiotic use may shorten mechanical ventilation duration and length of stay for patients with bronchiolitis that require intubation. The goals of this study were to describe antibiotic use in previously healthy children with bronchiolitis admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for noninvasive respiratory support and to describe associations of early antibiotic use with clinical outcomes. METHODS The Pediatric Health Information Systems database was queried for children <2 years of age without significant comorbidities admitted to the ICU for bronchiolitis. Children requiring mechanical ventilation on the first ICU day were excluded. Two groups were analyzed: those patients receiving antibiotics on the first day of their ICU stay (early antibiotics), and those receiving no antibiotics on their first ICU day (no antibiotics). Primary outcome was the length of ICU stay. RESULTS A total of 11,029 admissions met criteria, 2522 (22.9%) in the early antibiotic group, and 8507 (77.1%) in the no antibiotic group. The use of early antibiotics varied by center from 10% to 54%. In multivariate analysis, the early antibiotic group had similar ICU length of stay compared to the no antibiotic group (relative risk, RR [95% confidence interval, CI] 1.01 [0.98-1.05]). For patients on noninvasive ventilation, the first ICU day early antibiotics did not impact ICU length of stay (RR [95% CI] 0.97 [0.92-1.02]) or need for intubation (RR [95% CI] 1.11 [0.77-1.58]). CONCLUSION Early antibiotic use was common with significant variation between centers. Early antibiotic use was not associated with improved clinical outcomes in children admitted to the ICU for noninvasive respiratory support for bronchiolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Ortmann
- Children's Hospital & Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Aleisha Nabower
- Children's Hospital & Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Melissa L Cullimore
- Children's Hospital & Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Ellen Kerns
- Children's Hospital & Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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4
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High-Flow Oxygen and Other Noninvasive Respiratory Support Therapies in Bronchiolitis: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analyses. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2023; 24:133-142. [PMID: 36661419 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000003139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We present a systematic review on the effectiveness of noninvasive respiratory support techniques in bronchiolitis. DATA SOURCES Systematic review with pairwise meta-analyses of all studies and network meta-analyses of the clinical trials. STUDY SELECTION Patients below 24 months old with bronchiolitis who require noninvasive respiratory support were included in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCT, and cohort studies in which high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) was compared with conventional low-flow oxygen therapy (LFOT) and/or noninvasive ventilation (NIV). DATA EXTRACTION Emergency wards and hospitalized patients with bronchiolitis. DATA SYNTHESIS A total of 3,367 patients were analyzed in 14 RCTs and 8,385 patients in 14 non-RCTs studies. Only in nonexperimental studies, HFNC is associated with a lower risk of invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) than NIV (odds ratio, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.42-0.58), with no differences in experimental studies. There were no differences between HFNC and NIV in other outcomes. HFNC is more effective than LFOT in reducing oxygen days and treatment failure. In the network meta-analyses of clinical trials, NIV was the most effective intervention to avoid invasive MV (surface under the cumulative ranking curve [SUCRA], 57.03%) and to reduce days under oxygen therapy (SUCRA, 79.42%), although crossover effect estimates between interventions showed no significant differences. The included studies show methodological heterogeneity, but it is only statistically significant for the reduction of days of oxygen therapy and length of hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS Experimental evidence does not suggest that high-flow oxygen therapy has advantages over LFOT as initial treatment nor over NIV as a rescue treatment.
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Bylsma LC, Suh M, Movva N, Fryzek JP, Nelson CB. Mortality Among US Infants and Children Under 5 Years of Age with Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Bronchiolitis: A Systematic Literature Review. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:S267-S281. [PMID: 35968871 PMCID: PMC9377034 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A systematic literature review was conducted to summarize the mortality (overall and by disease severity factors) of US infants and children aged <5 years with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or all-cause bronchiolitis (ACB). Methods Comprehensive, systematic literature searches were conducted; articles were screened using prespecified eligibility criteria. A standard risk of bias tool was used to evaluate studies. Mortality was extracted as the rate per 100 000 or the case fatality ratio (CFR; proportion of deaths among RSV/ACB cases). Results Among 42 included studies, 36 evaluated inpatient deaths; 10 used nationally representative populations updated through 2013, and only 2 included late-preterm/full-term otherwise healthy infants and children. The RSV/ACB definition varied across studies (multiple International Classification of Diseases [ICD] codes; laboratory confirmation); no study reported systematic testing for RSV. No studies reported RSV mortality rates, while 3 studies provided ACB mortality rates (0.57–9.4 per 100 000). CFRs ranged from 0% to 1.7% for RSV (n = 15) and from 0% to 0.17% for ACB (n = 6); higher CFRs were reported among premature, intensive care unit-admitted, and publicly insured infants and children. Conclusions RSV mortality reported among US infants and children is variable. Current, nationally representative estimates are needed for otherwise healthy, late-preterm to full-term infants and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Bylsma
- EpidStrategies, A Division of ToxStrategies, Inc, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Mina Suh
- EpidStrategies, A Division of ToxStrategies, Inc, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Naimisha Movva
- EpidStrategies, A Division of ToxStrategies, Inc, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jon P Fryzek
- EpidStrategies, A Division of ToxStrategies, Inc, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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6
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O'Bryant SC, Momin Z, Camp E, Jones J, Meskill S. Longitudinal evaluation of pediatric respiratory infections. J Clin Virol 2022; 148:105084. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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7
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Abreu V, Castro S, Sousa D, Julião E, Sousa JL. Impacto da fisioterapia nos diferentes tipos de bronquiolite, pacientes e locais de atendimento: revisão sistemática. FISIOTERAPIA E PESQUISA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-2950/21019428042021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO A bronquiolite é definida como um episódio agudo de sibilâncias que ocorre no contexto de um quadro respiratório, de origem normalmente viral, com elevada incidência nas crianças com menos de 2 anos. Considerando que o papel da Fisioterapia tem sido questionado nesse contexto, é extremamente importante esclarecer e diferenciar o impacto das diversas técnicas de fisioterapia empregadas em cada tipo de bronquiolite, paciente e local de atendimento. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática, com busca nas bases de dados ScienceDirect, MEDLINE/PubMed e SciELO, sobre as técnicas de fisioterapia em crianças de até 2 anos de idade com episódio de bronquiolite. Foram incluídos seis estudos observacionais, cinco experimentais sem grupo de controle e 15 com grupo de controle, envolvendo 3.339 indivíduos. São 14 os estudos com amostras em internamento, seis em internamento e unidade de cuidados intensivos (UCI) e seis em ambulatório. Dentre as técnicas de fisioterapia respiratória mais utilizadas, destacam-se a técnica de expiração lenta e prolongada (ELPr) associada à tosse provocada (TP), a aumento do fluxo expiratório (AFE), a desobstrução rinofaríngea retrógrada (DRR) e a drenagem postural (DP). Encontraram-se resultados positivos em relação às técnicas de fisioterapia respiratória, nomeadamente DRR, ELPr e AFE ou TP, na permeabilização das vias aéreas, promoção da higiene brônquica, dias de hospitalização, saturação de oxigênio, pontuação clínica, frequência cardíaca, frequência respiratória e necessidade de oxigenoterapia. Como limitações do estudo, destaca-se o fato de não haver estudos suficientes com metodologias robustas e comparáveis que permitam chegar a conclusões com maior certeza, em especial em relação às diferentes severidades da patologia, e fundamentar assim a personalização e adequação das intervenções na prática clínica.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Diana Sousa
- Escola Superior de Saúde Jean Piaget, Portugal
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8
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Relationship of Viral Detection with Duration of Ventilation in Critically Ill Infants with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021; 18:1677-1684. [PMID: 33662231 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202008-996oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Although respiratory virus testing is frequent done for critically ill infants with bronchiolitis, the prognostic value of this testing is unknown for those requiring positive pressure ventilation (PPV). OBJECTIVES To determine the differences in PPV utilization according to viral detection and to explore the association between viral detection and duration of PPV in critically ill children with presumed respiratory infection. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study in a quaternary pediatric intensive care unit from February 2014 until February 2017. We evaluated 984 children < 1 year of age who received PPV for presumed respiratory infection without significant congenital heart disease, care limitations, baseline PPV usage, or tracheostomy. Respiratory viruses were identified using a PCR panel. Analyses of duration of PPV according to viral etiology were performed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression and truncated negative binomial regression with calculated mean marginal effect (MME). RESULTS Overall, 85 (9%) infants had no viruses identified, 629 (64%) had a single virus detected, most commonly respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (417, 42%) followed by rhinovirus/enterovirus (RV/EV) (145, 15%), 230 (23%) had 2 viruses detected, and 40 (4%) had three viruses detected. Compared to those with 1 or no virus detected, infants with ≥2 viruses received longer total PPV duration in adjusted analysis [RR:1.4 (95% CI 1.2-1.6); p<0.001, MME=29 hours]. Detection of RV/EV alone, compared to RSV alone, was associated with significantly shorter duration of total PPV [RR:0.7 (95% CI 0.62, 0.87); p=<0.001, MME= -23 hours], noninvasive PPV [RR: 0.7 (95% CI 0.60, 0.85); p<0.001 MME = -15 hours], and invasive PPV [RR 0.7 (95% CI 0.54, 0.83); p<0.001, MME = -54 hours) when adjusted for weight, prematurity, and administration of early antibiotic therapy. CONCLUSIONS Identification of viral type and number in severe bronchiolitis is an important predictor of duration of PPV.
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9
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Clinical factors associated with intubation in the high flow nasal cannula era. Am J Emerg Med 2020; 38:2500-2505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2019.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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10
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Chong SL, Dang TK, Loh TF, Mok YH, Bin Mohamed Atan MS, Montanez E, Lee JH, Feng M. Timing of tracheal intubation on mortality and duration of mechanical ventilation in critically ill children: A propensity score analysis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2020; 55:3126-3133. [PMID: 32797663 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate whether early tracheal intubation (TI) is associated with a reduced risk of mortality and increased ventilator-free days (VFD). METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of children 0 to 18 years old in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), between 2008 and 2017. Patient demographics, vital signs, and laboratory findings were extracted. Using a time-dependent propensity score-matched algorithm, each patient was matched with another equally likely to be intubated within the same hour but was actually intubated with ≤2 hours, 2 to 4 hours, and 4 to 6 hours delays. Outcomes were mortality and VFD. RESULTS Among 333 patients, the median age was 1.72 years (interquartile range [IQR] 0.17-7.75). Thirty children died (9.0%) and the median PICU length of stay was 6.7 days (IQR 3.9-13.2). Early TI did not decrease mortality significantly when compared to a ≤2 hour delay (odds ratios [OR] 0.86; 95% CI, 0.40-1.85), a 2 to 4 hour delay (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.39-1.69), or a 4 to 6 hour delay (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.43-1.79). Similarly, early TI did not significantly increase VFD. Patients with early TI had 0.09 more VFD (95% CI -1.83 to 2.01) when compared to a delay within 2 hours, 0.23 more VFD (95% CI -1.66 to 2.13) when compared to a 2 to 4-hour delay and 0.56 more VFD (95% CI -1.49-2.61) when compared to a 4 to 6-hour delay. CONCLUSIONS We did not find a significant association between the timing of TI and mortality or VFD in critically ill children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ling Chong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Trung Kien Dang
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tsee Foong Loh
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Children's Intensive Care Unit, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yee Hui Mok
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Children's Intensive Care Unit, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Eugene Montanez
- Services Innovation, Solutions and Support, Phillips Healthcare System, Singapore
| | - Jan Hau Lee
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Children's Intensive Care Unit, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Mengling Feng
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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11
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Variability of Care of Infants With Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis: A Multicenter Study. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2020; 39:808-813. [PMID: 32304465 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common childhood disease accounting for many hospitalizations worldwide. Some infants may clinically deteriorate, requiring admission to an intensive care unit. We aimed to describe diagnostic and therapeutic measures of bronchiolitis in Israeli pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) and evaluate intercenter variability of care. METHODS Medical records of all RSV-infected infants admitted to 5 Israeli PICUs over 4 RSV seasons were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS Data on 276 infants with RSV-positive bronchiolitis, admitted to the participating PICUs were analyzed. Most of the infants were males with a mean admission age of 4.7 months. Approximately half of the infants had pre-existing conditions such as prematurity, cardiac disease or chronic lung disease. Respiratory distress was the most common symptom at presentation followed by hypoxemia and fever. There was significant variation in the methods used for RSV diagnosis, medical management and respiratory support of the infants. Furthermore, utilization of inhalational therapy and transfusion of blood products differed significantly between the centers. Although a bacterial pathogen was isolated in only 13.4% of the infants, 82.6% of the cohort was treated with antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS Significant variation was found between the different PICUs regarding RSV bronchiolitis diagnosis, medical management and respiratory support, which may not be accounted for by the differences in baseline and clinical characteristics of the infants. Some of these differences may be explained by uneven resource allocations. This diversity and the documented routine use of medications with weak evidence of efficacy calls for national guidelines for bronchiolitis management.
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12
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Increased Use of Noninvasive Ventilation Associated With Decreased Use of Invasive Devices in Children With Bronchiolitis. Crit Care Explor 2019; 1:e0026. [PMID: 32166268 PMCID: PMC7063953 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess how a change in practice to more frequent use of high-flow nasal cannula for the treatment of bronchiolitis would affect the use of invasive devices in children.
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13
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Antibiotic Prescription in Young Children With Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Respiratory Failure and Associated Outcomes. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2019; 20:101-109. [PMID: 30720644 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000001839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe antibiotic prescribing practices during the first 2 days of mechanical ventilation among previously healthy young children with respiratory syncytial virus-associated lower respiratory tract infection and evaluate associations between the prescription of antibiotics at onset of mechanical ventilation with clinical outcomes. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Forty-six children's hospitals in the United States. PATIENTS Children less than 2 years old discharged between 2012 and 2016 with an International Classification of Diseases diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus-associated lower respiratory tract infection, no identified comorbid conditions, and receipt of mechanical ventilation. INTERVENTIONS Antibiotic prescription during the first 2 days of mechanical ventilation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We compared duration of mechanical ventilation and hospital length of stay between children prescribed antibiotics on both of the first 2 days of mechanical ventilation and children not prescribed antibiotics during the first 2 days of mechanical ventilation. We included 2,107 PICU children with respiratory syncytial virus-associated lower respiratory tract infection (60% male, median age of 1 mo [interquartile range, 1-4 mo]). The overall proportion of antibiotic prescription on both of the first 2 days of mechanical ventilation was 82%, decreasing over the study period (p = 0.004) and varying from 36% to 100% across centers. In the bivariate analysis, antibiotic prescription was associated with a shorter duration of mechanical ventilation (6 d [4-9 d] vs 8 d [6-11 d]; p < 0.001) and a shorter hospital length of stay (11 d [8-16 d] vs 13 d [10-18 d]; p < 0.001). After adjustment for center, demographics, and vasoactive medication prescription, antibiotic prescription was associated with a 1.21-day shorter duration of mechanical ventilation and a 2.07-day shorter length of stay. Ultimately, 95% of children were prescribed antibiotics sometime during hospitalization, but timing, duration, and antibiotic choice varied markedly. CONCLUSIONS Although highly variable across centers and decreasing over time, the practice of instituting antibiotics after intubation in young children with respiratory syncytial virus-associated lower respiratory tract infection was associated with a shortened clinical course after adjustment for the limited available covariates. A prudent approach to identify and optimally treat bacterial coinfection is needed.
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14
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Postiaux G, Maffei P, Villiot-Danger JC, Dubus JC. [Respiratory physiotherapy in acute viral bronchiolitis in the newborn. Pro/con arguments]. Rev Mal Respir 2018; 35:403-415. [PMID: 29754840 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This article reports an exchange of unbiased arguments between Mr Guy Postiaux speaking in favour of respiratory physiotherapy in acute viral bronchiolitis in the newborn and Prof. Jean-Christoph Dubus arguing against. A review of the literature suggests that traditional methods of physiotherapy should be abandoned because they are not validated and because they have harmful side effects. The latest Cochrane revue (2016) suggests the use of slow expiration techniques that have some validated elements and cause no harmful side effects. Large multicentre studies should be undertaken to confirm or refute the results of the five studies in the Cochrane review. Their analysis would allow extraction of objective evidence for the efficacy of slow expiration techniques on the relief of bronchopulmonary obstruction and the reduction of the degree of severity in the short and medium term. Studies of the effect of ambulatory respiratory physiotherapy for bronchiolitis of a moderate degree not requiring hospitalisation are not available. An evaluation is needed which is based on the pathophysiology of multifactorial bronchial obstruction and on the physical signs, of which auscultation is the cornerstone.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Postiaux
- Groupe d'étude pluridisciplinaire stéthacoustique, services des soins intensifs, de médecine interne et de pédiatrie, grand hôpital de Charleroi (GHDC), 6000 Charleroi, Belgique.
| | - P Maffei
- Pôle de médecine physique et de réadaptation, hôpital de la Conception, Assistance publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, 147, boulevard Baille, 13385 Marseille cedex 5, France
| | | | - J-C Dubus
- Médecine infantile, pneumo-allergologie et CRCM & CNRS, URMITE 6236, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13385 Marseille cedex 5, France
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15
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Lockwood J, Robison J, Carpenter T, Reese J. Promoting High-Value Care During Hospitalist and Intensivist Comanagement in the Care of the Deteriorating Child With Bronchiolitis. Hosp Pediatr 2018; 8:368-371. [PMID: 29748427 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2017-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Lockwood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Justin Robison
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Todd Carpenter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jennifer Reese
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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16
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Kawaguchi A, Bates A, Lee BE, Drews S, Garros D. Virus detection in critically ill children with acute respiratory disease: a new profile in view of new technology. Acta Paediatr 2018; 107:504-510. [PMID: 29131392 PMCID: PMC7159542 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe the epidemiology of critically ill children admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with acute respiratory disease. The association with intubation was analysed for the three most prevalent viruses and in those with and without viral co-infection. METHODS Patients admitted to the PICU (2004-2014) with acute respiratory disease were included. Analyses were performed utilising each respiratory viral infection or multiple viral infections as an exposure. RESULTS There were 1766 admissions with acute respiratory disease of which 1372 had respiratory virus testing and 748 had one or more viruses detected. The risk of intubation before or during the PICU stay was higher if parainfluenza virus was detected compared to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (OR: 2.20; 95% CI: 1.06-4.56). Sixty-three admissions had two or more viruses detected, and the combination of RSV and Rhinovirus/enterovirus was the most common. No significant difference was observed in the risk of intubation between patients with multiple and single viral infections. CONCLUSION Higher risk of intubation was found in patients with parainfluenza as compared to RSV. The risk of intubation comparing parainfluenza virus to other viruses and for patients with multiple versus single virus needs to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kawaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics; Pediatric Critical Care Medicine; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
- School of Public Health; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Angela Bates
- Department of Pediatrics; Pediatric Critical Care Medicine; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Bonita E. Lee
- Department of Pediatrics; Pediatric Infectious Disease; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Steven Drews
- Provincial Laboratory for Public Health; Alberta Health Services; Edmonton AB Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Daniel Garros
- Department of Pediatrics; Pediatric Critical Care Medicine; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
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17
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Williamson K, Bredin G, Avarello J, Gangadharan S. A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Single Dose Furosemide to Improve Respiratory Distress in Moderate to Severe Bronchiolitis. J Emerg Med 2017; 54:40-46. [PMID: 29174754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchiolitis is one of the most common disorders of the lower respiratory tract in infants. While historically diuretics have been used in severe bronchiolitis, no studies have looked directly at their early use in children in the emergency department. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to determine whether a single early dose of a diuretic in infants with moderate to severe bronchiolitis would improve respiratory distress. Secondary objectives examined whether it reduced the use of noninvasive ventilation and hospital length of stay. METHODS Patients diagnosed with clinical bronchiolitis were enrolled at a tertiary care, academic children's hospital over a 3-year period. This was a double-blind, randomized controlled trial in which subjects were randomly assigned to either furosemide or placebo. Respiratory rate and oxygen saturation at the time of medication delivery and at 2 and 4 h post-intervention were recorded, as well as other data. Exact logistic regression was used to examine associations. RESULTS There were 46 subjects enrolled and randomized. There was no difference in respiratory rates, measured as a decrease of ≥ 25%, at both 2 and 4 h after intervention between furosemide and placebo groups (odds ratios 1.13 and 1.13, respectively). There was also no difference in oxygen saturation, intensive care unit admission rate, or hospital length of stay between groups. CONCLUSIONS While theoretically a single dose of a diuretic to reduce lung fluid would improve respiratory distress in children with bronchiolitis, our randomized controlled medication trial showed no difference in outcomes. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02469597.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Williamson
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, New York
| | - Gabriel Bredin
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, New York
| | - Jahn Avarello
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, New York
| | - Sandeep Gangadharan
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, New York
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18
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Balakrishnan M, Raghavan A, Suresh GK. Eliminating Undesirable Variation in Neonatal Practice: Balancing Standardization and Customization. Clin Perinatol 2017; 44:529-540. [PMID: 28802337 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Consistency of care and elimination of unnecessary and harmful variation are underemphasized aspects of health care quality. This article describes the prevalence and patterns of practice variation in health care and neonatology; discusses the potential role of standardization as a solution to eliminating wasteful and harmful practice variation, particularly when it is founded on principles of evidence-based medicine; and proposes ways to balance standardization and customization of practice to ultimately improve the quality of neonatal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Balakrishnan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 2 Tampa General Circle, Tampa, FL 33606, USA
| | - Aarti Raghavan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, UIC Hospital, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, 1740 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Gautham K Suresh
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 6621 Fannin Street, W6104, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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19
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Schlapbach LJ, Straney L, Gelbart B, Alexander J, Franklin D, Beca J, Whitty JA, Ganu S, Wilkins B, Slater A, Croston E, Erickson S, Schibler A. Burden of disease and change in practice in critically ill infants with bronchiolitis. Eur Respir J 2017; 49:49/6/1601648. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01648-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Bronchiolitis represents the most common cause of non-elective admission to paediatric intensive care units (ICUs).We assessed changes in admission rate, respiratory support, and outcomes of infants <24 months with bronchiolitis admitted to ICU between 2002 and 2014 in Australia and New Zealand.During the study period, bronchiolitis was responsible for 9628 (27.6%) of 34 829 non-elective ICU admissions. The estimated population-based ICU admission rate due to bronchiolitis increased by 11.76 per 100 000 each year (95% CI 8.11–15.41). The proportion of bronchiolitis patients requiring intubation decreased from 36.8% in 2002, to 10.8% in 2014 (adjusted OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.27–0.46), whilst a dramatic increase in high-flow nasal cannula therapy use to 72.6% was observed (p<0.001). We observed considerable variability in practice between units, with six-fold differences in risk-adjusted intubation rates that were not explained by ICU type, size, or major patient factors. Annual direct hospitalisation costs due to severe bronchiolitis increased to over USD30 million in 2014.We observed an increasing healthcare burden due to severe bronchiolitis, with a major change in practice in the management from invasive to non-invasive support that suggests thresholds to admittance of bronchiolitis patients to ICU have changed. Future studies should assess strategies for management of bronchiolitis outside ICUs.
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Prospective Multicentre Study on the Epidemiology and Current Therapeutic Management of Severe Bronchiolitis in Spain. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2565397. [PMID: 28421191 PMCID: PMC5380832 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2565397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To determine the epidemiology and therapeutic management of patients with severe acute bronchiolitis (AB) admitted to paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) in Spain. Design. Descriptive, prospective, multicentre study. Setting. Sixteen Spanish PICUs. Patients. Patients with severe AB who required admission to any of the participating PICUs over 1 year. Interventions. Both epidemiological variables and medical treatment received were recorded. Results. A total of 262 patients were recruited; 143 were male (54.6%), with median age of 1 month (0–23). Median stay in the PICU was 7 days (1–46). Sixty patients (23%) received no nebuliser treatment, while the rest received a combination of inhalation therapies. One-quarter of patients (24.8%) received corticosteroids and 56.5% antibiotic therapy. High-flow oxygen therapy was used in 14.3% and noninvasive ventilation (NIV) was used in 75.6%. Endotracheal intubation was required in 24.4% of patients. Younger age, antibiotic therapy, and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) were risk factors that significantly increased the stay in the PICU. Conclusions. Spanish PICUs continue to routinely use nebulised bronchodilator treatment and corticosteroid therapy. Despite NIV being widely used in this condition, intubation was required in one-quarter of cases. Younger age, antibiotic therapy, and IMV were associated with a longer stay in the PICU.
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