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Simova Z, Sima M, Pelclova D, Klusackova P, Zdimal V, Schwarz J, Maskova L, Bradna P, Roubickova A, Krejcik Z, Klema J, Rossner P, Rossnerova A. Transcriptome changes in humans acutely exposed to nanoparticles during grinding of dental nanocomposites. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38953869 DOI: 10.1080/17435889.2024.2362611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Today, there is a lack of research studies concerning human acute exposure to nanoparticles (NPs). Our investigation aimed to simulate real-world acute inhalation exposure to NPs released during work with dental nanocomposites in a dental office or technician laboratory. Methods: Blood samples from female volunteers were processed before and after inhalation exposure. Transcriptomic mRNA and miRNA expression changes were analyzed. Results: We detected large interindividual variability, 90 significantly deregulated mRNAs, and 4 miRNAs when samples of participants before and after dental nanocomposite grinding were compared. Conclusion: The results suggest that inhaled dental NPs may present an occupational hazard to human health, as indicated by the changes in the processes related to oxidative stress, synthesis of eicosanoids, and cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Simova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Department of Toxicology & Molecular Epidemiology, Videnska 1083, Prague 4 142 20, Czech Republic
- Department of Genetics & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 5, Prague 2 128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Sima
- Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Department of Toxicology & Molecular Epidemiology, Videnska 1083, Prague 4 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Pelclova
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague & General University Hospital in Prague, Department of Occupational Medicine, Na Bojisti 1, Prague 2 120 00, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Klusackova
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague & General University Hospital in Prague, Department of Occupational Medicine, Na Bojisti 1, Prague 2 120 00, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Zdimal
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals CAS, Department of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Rozvojova 1, Prague 6 165 02, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Schwarz
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals CAS, Department of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Rozvojova 1, Prague 6 165 02, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Maskova
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals CAS, Department of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Rozvojova 1, Prague 6 165 02, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Bradna
- Institute of Dental Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University & General University Hospital in Prague, Katerinska 32, Prague 2 121 08, Czech Republic
| | - Adela Roubickova
- Institute of Dental Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University & General University Hospital in Prague, Katerinska 32, Prague 2 121 08, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Krejcik
- Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Department of Toxicology & Molecular Epidemiology, Videnska 1083, Prague 4 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Klema
- Department of Computer Science, Czech Technical University in Prague, Karlovo Namesti 13, Prague 2 121 35, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Rossner
- Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Department of Toxicology & Molecular Epidemiology, Videnska 1083, Prague 4 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Rossnerova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Department of Toxicology & Molecular Epidemiology, Videnska 1083, Prague 4 142 20, Czech Republic
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Ghoneim A, Proaño D, Kaur H, Singhal S. Aerosol-generating procedures and associated control/mitigation measures: Position paper from the Canadian Dental Hygienists Association and the American Dental Hygienists' Association. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL HYGIENE : CJDH = JOURNAL CANADIEN DE L'HYGIENE DENTAIRE : JCHD 2024; 58:48-63. [PMID: 38505316 PMCID: PMC10946320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Background Since the outbreak of COVID-19, how to reduce the risk of spreading viruses and other microorganisms while performing aerosolgenerating procedures (AGPs) has become a challenging question within the dental and dental hygiene communities. The purpose of this position paper is to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of various mitigation methods used to reduce the risk of infection transmission during AGPs in dentistry. Methods The authors searched 6 databases-MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar-for relevant scientific evidence published between January 2012 and December 2022 to answer 6 research questions about the risk of transmission, methods, devices, and personal protective equipment (PPE) used to reduce contact with microbial pathogens and limit the spread of aerosols. Results A total of 78 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The literature on the risk of infection transmission including SARS-CoV-2 between dental hygienists and their patients is limited. Although several mouthrinses are effective in reducing bacterial contaminations in aerosols, their effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 is also limited. The combined use of eyewear, masks, and face shields is effective in preventing contamination of the facial and nasal region while performing AGPs. High-volume evacuation with or without an intraoral suction, low-volume evacuation, saliva ejector, and rubber dam (when appropriate) have shown effectiveness in reducing aerosol transmission beyond the generation site. Finally, the appropriate combination of ventilation and filtration in dental operatories is effective in limiting the spread of aerosols. Discussion and Conclusion Aerosols produced during clinical procedures can pose a risk of infection transmission between dental hygienists and their patients. The implementation of practices supported by available evidence will ensure greater patient and provider safety in oral health settings. More studies in oral health clinical environments would shape future practices and protocols, ultimately to ensure the delivery of safe clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Proaño
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Harpinder Kaur
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Sonica Singhal
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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Matys J, Gedrange T, Dominiak M, Grzech-Leśniak K. Quantitative Evaluation of Aerosols Produced in the Dental Office during Caries Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4597. [PMID: 37510712 PMCID: PMC10380424 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective removal of aerosols generated during dental treatment is crucial for maintaining biosafety in dental practice. This study aimed to measure the aerosol amount and the number of aerobic bacteria in the air during caries treatment. METHODS The study involved 50 molar teeth (n = 50) in the mandible in 50 patients divided into two groups based on the type of a high-volume evacuator (HVE); G1 (n = 25) conventional HVE (EM19 EVO, Monoart® Euronda, Vicenza, Italy) and G2 (n = 25) a new, wider, customized HVE. The PC200 laser particle counter (Trotec GmbH, Schwerin, Germany) was used to measure aerosol particles in a range of 0.3-10.0 μm near the operator's mouth. The study used 60 microbiological plates with a microbiological medium (Columbia Agar with 5% Sheep Blood) to check the number of aerobic bacteria in the air. RESULTS The mean value of aerosol particles in the G1 group (conventional HVE) was 54,145 ± 7915, while in the G2 group (test, wider evacuator) was lower and amounted to 32,632 ± 1803. (p < 0.001). The median total bacteria count in the air per cubic meter in control, G1 (HVE), and G2 (NEW-HVE) groups were 50 [36-60]; 772 [643-881]; 120 [92-139], respectively. (p < 0.05). Gram-positive cocci were the predominant bacteria in the plates: Micrococcus sp. (50%), Bacillus species (36.4%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (3.8%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (3.8%). CONCLUSIONS the application of the wider high-volume evacuator increases the air purity during caries treatment as well as the biological safety of a dental office.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Matys
- Oral Surgery Department, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Orthodontics, Technische Universitat Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tomasz Gedrange
- Oral Surgery Department, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Orthodontics, Technische Universitat Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marzena Dominiak
- Oral Surgery Department, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Grzech-Leśniak
- Oral Surgery Department, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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Sheehan MJ, Vosburgh DJH, O'Shaughnessy PT, Park JH, Sotelo C. Direct-reading instruments for aerosols: A review for occupational health and safety professionals part 2: Applications. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2022; 19:706-729. [PMID: 36197433 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2022.2132256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Direct reading instruments (DRIs) for aerosols have been used in industrial hygiene practice for many years, but their potential has not been fully realized by many occupational health and safety professionals. Although some DRIs quantify other metrics, this article will primarily focus on DRIs that measure aerosol number, size, or mass. This review addresses three applications of aerosol DRIs that occupational health and safety professionals can use to discern, characterize, and document exposure conditions and resolve aerosol-related problems in the workplace. The most common application of aerosol DRIs is the evaluation of engineering controls. Examples are provided for many types of workplaces and situations including construction, agriculture, mining, conventional manufacturing, advanced manufacturing (nanoparticle technology and additive manufacturing), and non-industrial sites. Aerosol DRIs can help identify the effectiveness of existing controls and, as needed, develop new strategies to reduce potential aerosol exposures. Aerosol concentration mapping (ACM) using DRI data can focus attention on emission sources in the workplace spatially illustrate the effectiveness of controls and constructively convey concerns to management and workers. Examples and good practices of ACM are included. Video Exposure Monitoring (VEM) is another useful technique in which video photography is synced with the concentration output of an aerosol DRI. This combination allows the occupational health and safety professional to see what tasks, environmental situations, and/or worker actions contribute to aerosol concentration and potential exposure. VEM can help identify factors responsible for temporal variations in concentration. VEM can assist with training, engage workers, convince managers about necessary remedial actions, and provide for continuous improvement of the workplace environment. Although using DRIs for control evaluation, ACM and VEM can be time-consuming, the resulting information can provide useful data to prompt needed action by employers and employees. Other barriers to adoption include privacy and security issues in some worksites. This review seeks to provide information so occupational health and safety professionals can better understand and effectively use these powerful applications of aerosol DRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura J Sheehan
- Department of Health, West Chester University, West Chester, Pennsylvania
| | - Donna J H Vosburgh
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Safety & Health, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin
| | | | - Jae Hong Park
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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