1
|
Saleh L, Ottewell PD, Brown JE, Wood SL, Brown NJ, Wilson C, Park C, Ali S, Holen I. The CDK4/6 Inhibitor Palbociclib Inhibits Estrogen-Positive and Triple Negative Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082211. [PMID: 37190140 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
CDK 4/6 inhibitors have demonstrated significant improved survival for patients with estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer (BC). However, the ability of these promising agents to inhibit bone metastasis from either ER+ve or triple negative BC (TNBC) remains to be established. We therefore investigated the effects of the CDK 4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib, using in vivo models of breast cancer bone metastasis. In an ER+ve T47D model of spontaneous breast cancer metastasis from the mammary fat pad to bone, primary tumour growth and the number of hind limb skeletal tumours were significantly lower in palbociclib treated animals compared to vehicle controls. In the TNBC MDA-MB-231 model of metastatic outgrowth in bone (intracardiac route), continuous palbociclib treatment significantly inhibited tumour growth in bone compared to vehicle. When a 7-day break was introduced after 28 days (mimicking the clinical schedule), tumour growth resumed and was not inhibited by a second cycle of palbociclib, either alone or when combined with the bone-targeted agent, zoledronic acid (Zol), or a CDK7 inhibitor. Downstream phosphoprotein analysis of the MAPK pathway identified a number of phosphoproteins, such as p38, that may contribute to drug-insensitive tumour growth. These data encourage further investigation of targeting alternative pathways in CDK 4/6-insensitive tumour growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lubaid Saleh
- Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Penelope D Ottewell
- Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Janet E Brown
- Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
- Weston Park Hospital, Whitham Road, Sheffield S10 2SJ, UK
| | - Steve L Wood
- Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Nichola J Brown
- Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | | | - Catherine Park
- Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Simak Ali
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ingunn Holen
- Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Reddy S, Barkhane Z, Elmadi J, Satish Kumar L, Pugalenthi LS, Ahmad M. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 and 6 Inhibitors: A Quantum Leap in the Treatment of Advanced Breast Cancers. Cureus 2022; 14:e23901. [PMID: 35530846 PMCID: PMC9076043 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is defined as an uncontrolled growth of breast cells that affected 2.3 million women in 2020 alone. Until a few years earlier, radiotherapy and chemotherapy were the most commonly used treatments in treating BC; however, many trials and studies were conducted to test the competence of cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 (CDK4/6) in arresting the cell cycle, and it was found that they were highly influential in halting the disease from progressing. Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are the three drugs that have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and are even more efficient when used in combination with aromatase inhibitors and fulvestrant. This article aimed to explain the effect of CDK4/6 inhibitors on tumor cells and their efficacy in combination with other drugs. We further explored the development of resistance to these treatments and future possibilities.
Collapse
|
3
|
Michalkova R, Kello M, Kudlickova Z, Gazdova M, Mirossay L, Mojzisova G, Mojzis J. Programmed Cell Death Alterations Mediated by Synthetic Indole Chalcone Resulted in Cell Cycle Arrest, DNA Damage, Apoptosis and Signaling Pathway Modulations in Breast Cancer Model. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:503. [PMID: 35335879 PMCID: PMC8953149 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although new chemotherapy significantly increased the survival of breast cancer (BC) patients, the use of these drugs is often associated with serious toxicity. The discovery of novel anticancer agents for BC therapy is expected. This study was conducted to explore the antiproliferative effect of newly synthesized indole chalcone derivative ZK-CH-11d on human BC cell lines. MTT screening, flow cytometry, Western blot, and fluorescence microscopy were used to evaluate the mode of cell death. ZK-CH-11d significantly suppressed the proliferation of BC cells with minimal effect against non-cancer cells. This effect was associated with cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and apoptosis induction. Apoptosis was associated with cytochrome c release, increased activity of caspase 3 and caspase 7, PARP cleavage, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and activation of the DNA damage response system. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that ZK-CH-11d increased the AMPK phosphorylation with simultaneous inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway indicating autophagy initiation. However, chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, significantly potentiated the cytotoxic effect of ZK-CH-11d in MDA-MB-231 cells indicating that autophagy is not principally involved in the antiproliferative effect of ZK-CH-11d. Taking together the results from our experiments, we assume that autophagy was activated as a defense mechanism in treated cells trying to escape from chalcone-induced harmful effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radka Michalkova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia; (R.M.); (M.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Martin Kello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia; (R.M.); (M.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Zuzana Kudlickova
- NMR Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Maria Gazdova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia; (R.M.); (M.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Ladislav Mirossay
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia; (R.M.); (M.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Gabriela Mojzisova
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Jan Mojzis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia; (R.M.); (M.G.); (L.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Raikwar S, Jain A, Saraf S, Bidla PD, Panda PK, Tiwari A, Verma A, Jain SK. Opportunities in combinational chemo-immunotherapy for breast cancer using nanotechnology: an emerging landscape. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:247-268. [PMID: 35184620 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2044785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast carcinoma (BC) is one of the most frequent causes of cancer-related death among women, which is due to the poor response to conventional therapy. There are several complications associated with monotherapy for cancer, such as cytotoxicity to normal cells, multidrug resistance (MDR), side effects, and limited applications. To overcome these challenges, a combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy (monoclonal antibodies, anticancer vaccines, checkpoint inhibitors, and cytokines) has been introduced. Drug delivery systems (DDSs) based on nanotechnology have more applications in BC treatment owing to their controlled and targeted drug release with lower toxicity and reduced adverse drug effects. Several nanocarriers, such as liposomes, nanoparticles, dendrimers, and micelles, have been used for the effective delivery of drugs. AREAS COVERED This article presents opportunities and challenges in BC treatment, the rationale for cancer immunotherapy, and several combinational approaches with their applications for BC treatment. EXPERT OPINION Nanotechnology can be used for the early prognosis and cure of BC. Several novel and targeted DDSs have been developed to enhance the efficacy of anticancer drugs. This article aims to understand new strategies for the treatment of BC and the appropriate design of nanocarriers used as a combinational DDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarjana Raikwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutics Research Projects Laboratory, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar (M.P.), India
| | - Ankit Jain
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shivani Saraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutics Research Projects Laboratory, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar (M.P.), India
| | - Pooja Das Bidla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutics Research Projects Laboratory, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar (M.P.), India
| | - Pritish Kumar Panda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutics Research Projects Laboratory, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar (M.P.), India
| | - Ankita Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutics Research Projects Laboratory, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar (M.P.), India
| | - Amit Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutics Research Projects Laboratory, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar (M.P.), India
| | - Sanjay K Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutics Research Projects Laboratory, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar (M.P.), India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Saleh L, Wilson C, Holen I. CDK4/6 inhibitors: A potential therapeutic approach for triple negative breast cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:514-530. [PMID: 34977868 PMCID: PMC8706744 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells lack expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2). Thus, TNBC does not respond to hormone-based therapy. TNBC is also an aggressive subtype associated with poorer prognoses compared to other breast cancers. Conventional chemotherapeutics are used to manage TNBC although systemic relapse is common with limited benefits being reported as well as adverse events being documented. Here, we discuss current therapies for TNBC in the neo- and adjuvant settings, as well as recent advancements in the targeting of PD-L1-positive tumors and inclusion of PARP inhibitors for TNBC patients with BRCA mutations. The recent development of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors in ER-positive breast cancers has demonstrated significant improvements in progression free survival in patients. Here, we review preclinical data of CDK 4/6 inhibitors and describe current clinical trials assessing these in TNBC disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lubaid Saleh
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismMedical SchoolUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | | | - Ingunn Holen
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismMedical SchoolUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bou-Dargham MJ, Draughon S, Cantrell V, Khamis ZI, Sang QXA. Advancements in Human Breast Cancer Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy. J Cancer 2021; 12:6949-6963. [PMID: 34729098 PMCID: PMC8558657 DOI: 10.7150/jca.64205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human breast cancer treatment regimens have evolved greatly due to the significant advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms and pathways of the common subtypes of breast cancer. In this review, we discuss recent progress in breast cancer targeted therapy and immunotherapy as well as ongoing clinical trials. We also highlight the potential of combination therapies and personalized approaches to improve clinical outcomes. Targeted therapies have surpassed the hormone receptors and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) to include many other molecules in targetable pathways such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6). However, resistance to targeted therapy persists, underpinning the need for more efficacious therapies. Immunotherapy is considered a milestone in breast cancer treatments, including the engineered immune cells (CAR-T cell therapy) to better target the tumor cells, vaccines to stimulate the patient's immune system against tumor antigens, and checkpoint inhibitors (PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA4) to block molecules that mediate immune inhibition. Targeted therapies and immunotherapy tested in breast cancer clinical trials are discussed here, with special emphasis on combinatorial approaches which are believed to maximize treatment efficacy and enhance patient survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayassa J Bou-Dargham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sophia Draughon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Vance Cantrell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Zahraa I Khamis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Qing-Xiang Amy Sang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America.,Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bury M, Le Calvé B, Ferbeyre G, Blank V, Lessard F. New Insights into CDK Regulators: Novel Opportunities for Cancer Therapy. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:331-344. [PMID: 33676803 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclins and their catalytic partners, the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), control the transition between different phases of the cell cycle. CDK/cyclin activity is regulated by CDK inhibitors (CKIs), currently comprising the CDK-interacting protein/kinase inhibitory protein (CIP/KIP) family and the inhibitor of kinase (INK) family. Recent studies have identified a third group of CKIs, called ribosomal protein-inhibiting CDKs (RPICs). RPICs were discovered in the context of cellular senescence, a stable cell cycle arrest with tumor-suppressing abilities. RPICs accumulate in the nonribosomal fraction of senescent cells due to a decrease in rRNA biogenesis. Accordingly, RPICs are often downregulated in human cancers together with other ribosomal proteins, the tumor-suppressor functions of which are still under study. In this review, we discuss unique therapies that have been developed to target CDK activity in the context of cancer treatment or senescence-associated pathologies, providing novel tools for precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bury
- De Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Gerardo Ferbeyre
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Volker Blank
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.
| | - Frédéric Lessard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang PF, Qiu HY, He Y, Zhu HL. Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors for cancer therapy: a patent review (2015 - 2019). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 30:795-805. [PMID: 32945222 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1825686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) along with their upstream/downstream components are pivotal regulators for the cell cycle progression. The dysfunction of CDK4/6 is the common feature and promoting factor in various cancer types. In-depth research on CDK4/6 inhibitors has afforded therapeutic agents, while new challenges and ideas are emerging concomitantly. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on patent publications related to CDK4/6 inhibitors which could be utilized for anti-cancer purposes during the period 2015-2019. EXPERT OPINION The increasingly comprehensive and thorough understanding of CDK4/6 inhibitors facilitates them to break through the current limitations. Hence the utilization of CDK4/6 inhibitors for cancer therapy in the near future is likely to be performed in diverse forms and for distinct purposes. Selectivity over kinases is still crucial to new agent development but shall be prudently dealt with. The gradually revealing of resistance and adverse events proposed another issue that calls for new tackling strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University , Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Yue Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University , Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University , Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University , Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|