Telmisartan: a multifaceted antihypertension drug

A mild and convenient protocol for the synthesis of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones and benzimidazoles

We present a mild and simple method for the cyclization of N-protected o-phenylenediamines with carbonyl compounds in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid. This method reliably provides various substrates of benzimidazoles and quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones, with all reactions conducted at room temperature, demonstrating excellent substrate adaptability and a broad substrate scope.

PPARs: regulators of metabolism and as therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease. Part II: PPAR-β/δ and PPAR-γ

The PPARs are a subfamily of three ligand-inducible transcription factors, which belong to the superfamily of nuclear hormone receptors. In mammals, the PPAR subfamily consists of three members: PPAR-α, PPAR-β/δ and PPAR-γ. PPARs control the expression of a large number of genes involved in metabolic homeostasis, lipid, glucose and energy metabolism, adipogenesis and inflammation. PPARs regulate a large number of metabolic pathways that are implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases such as metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this review is to provide up-to-date information about the biochemical and metabolic actions of PPAR-β/δ and PPAR-γ, the therapeutic potential of their agonists currently under clinical development and the cardiovascular disease outcome of clinical trials of PPAR-γ agonists, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone.