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Liang H, Wang Y. The mechanism of α2-macroglobulin against oxidative stress and promoting cell proliferation in intervertebral disc degeneration. Bioengineered 2024; 15:2011638. [PMID: 34898372 PMCID: PMC10841023 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2011638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hui Liang and Yuan Wang. The mechanism of α2-macroglobulin against oxidative stress and promoting cell proliferation in intervertebral disc degeneration. Bioengineered. 2021 Nov. doi: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2011638.Since publication, significant concerns have been raised about the compliance with ethical policies for human research and the integrity of the data reported in the article.When approached for an explanation, the authors provided some original data but were not able to provide all the necessary supporting information. As verifying the validity of published work is core to the scholarly record's integrity, we are retracting the article. All authors listed in this publication have been informed.We have been informed in our decision-making by our editorial policies and the COPE guidelines.The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as 'Retracted.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
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Kritschil R, Li V, Wang D, Dong Q, Silwal P, Finkel T, Lee J, Sowa G, Vo N. Impact of autophagy inhibition on intervertebral disc cells and extracellular matrix. JOR Spine 2024; 7:e1286. [PMID: 38234974 PMCID: PMC10792703 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a leading contributor to low back pain (LBP). Autophagy, strongly activated by hypoxia and nutrient starvation, is a vital intracellular quality control process that removes damaged proteins and organelles to recycle them for cellular biosynthesis and energy production. While well-established as a major driver of many age-related diseases, autophagy dysregulation or deficiency has yet been confirmed to cause IDD. Methods In vitro, rat nucleus pulposus (NP) cells treated with bafilomycin A1 to inhibit autophagy were assessed for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, proteoglycan synthesis, and cell viability. In vivo, a transgenic strain (Col2a1-Cre; Atg7 fl/fl) mice were successfully generated to inhibit autophagy primarily in NP tissues. Col2a1-Cre; Atg7 fl/fl mouse intervertebral discs (IVDs) were evaluated for biomarkers for apoptosis and cellular senescence, aggrecan content, and histological changes up to 12 months of age. Results Here, we demonstrated inhibition of autophagy by bafilomycin produced IDD features in the rat NP cells, including increased apoptosis and cellular senescence (p21 CIP1) and decreased expression of disc matrix genes Col2a1 and Acan. H&E histologic staining showed significant but modest degenerative changes in NP tissue of Col2a1-Cre; Atg7 fl/fl mice compared to controls at 6 and 12 months of age. Intriguingly, 12-month-old Col2a1-Cre; Atg7 fl/fl mice did not display increased loss of NP proteoglycan. Moreover, markers of apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3, TUNEL), and cellular senescence (p53, p16 INK4a , IL-1β, TNF-α) were not affected in 12-month-old Col2a1-Cre; Atg7 fl/fl mice compared to controls. However, p21 CIP1and Mmp13 gene expression were upregulated in NP tissue of 12-month-old Col2a1-Cre; Atg7 fl/fl mice compared to controls, suggesting p21 CIP1-mediated cellular senescence resulted from NP-targeted Atg7 knockout might contribute to the observed histological changes. Conclusion The absence of overt IDD features from disrupting Atg7-mediated macroautophagy in NP tissue implicates other compensatory mechanisms, highlighting additional research needed to elucidate the complex biology of autophagy in regulating age-dependent IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kritschil
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Vivian Li
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Drexel School of MedicineDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Qing Dong
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Prashanta Silwal
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Toren Finkel
- Aging InstituteUniversity of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Joon Lee
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Gwendolyn Sowa
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Nam Vo
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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Chen X, Cai D, Li H, Wei Q, Li X, Han Z, Liang J, Xie J, Ruan J, Liu J, Xiang Z, Dong W, Guo W. Exosomal U2AF2 derived from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells attenuates the intervertebral disc degeneration through circ_0036763/miR-583/ACAN axis. Regen Ther 2024; 25:344-354. [PMID: 38362337 PMCID: PMC10867602 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is one of the major leading causes of back pain affecting the patient's quality of life. However, the roles of circular RNA (circRNA) in IDD remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the function and underlying mechanism of circ_0036763 in IDD. In this study, expressions of circ_0036763, U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 2 (U2AF2), miR-583 and aggrecan (ACAN) in primary human nucleus pulposus cells (HNPCs) derived from IDD patients and healthy controls were detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) or Western blot (WB). The relationship between pre-circ_0036763 and U2AF2, circ_0036763 and miR-583, miR-583 and ACAN mRNA was determined by bioinformatic analysis, miRNA pull down or RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. The expressions of Collagen I and Collagen II were evaluated by WB. Co-culture of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs) or bMSCs-derived exosomes and HNPCs were performed to identify the effect of U2AF2 on the mature of circ_0036763 and ACAN. Results indicated that circ_0036763, U2AF2 and ACAN were downregulated while miR-583 was upregulated in HNPCs derived from IDD patients compared with that in normal HNPCs. Besides, overexpression of circ_0036763 elevated the expressions of ACAN and Collagen II whereas reduced Collagen I expression in HNPCs. Moreover, U2AF2 promoted the mature of circ_0036763, and circ_0036763 positively regulated ACAN by directly sponging miR-583. Furthermore, exosomal U2AF2 derived from bMSCs could increase U2AF2 levels in HNPCs and subsequently regulate the expression of ACAN by circ_0036763/miR-583 axis. In summary, circ_0036763 modified by exosomal U2AF2 derived from bMSCs alleviated IDD through regulating miR-583/ACAN axis in HNPCs. Thus, this study might provide novel therapeutic targets for IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Panyu Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No.93 and 65 Qiaodong Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Dongling Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Panyu Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No.93 and 65 Qiaodong Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Panyu Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No.93 and 65 Qiaodong Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Qipeng Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Panyu Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No.93 and 65 Qiaodong Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Dermatology, Panyu Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No.93 and 65 Qiaodong Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511400, China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Disitrct, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Zhuangxun Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Panyu Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No.93 and 65 Qiaodong Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Jinjun Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Panyu Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No.93 and 65 Qiaodong Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Junxian Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Panyu Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No.93 and 65 Qiaodong Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Jiajian Ruan
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Disitrct, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Jincheng Liu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Disitrct, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Zhen Xiang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Disitrct, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Wenxuan Dong
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Disitrct, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Weijun Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Panyu Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No.93 and 65 Qiaodong Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511400, China
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Xue P, Wang Y, Lv L, Wang D, Wang Y. Roles of Chemokines in Intervertebral Disk Degeneration. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2024; 28:95-108. [PMID: 37976014 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-023-01188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Intervertebral disc degeneration is the primary etiology of low back pain and radicular pain. This review examines the roles of crucial chemokines in different stages of degenerative disc disease, along with interventions targeting chemokine function to mitigate disc degeneration. RECENT FINDINGS The release of chemokines from degenerated discs facilitates the infiltration and activation of immune cells, thereby intensifying the inflammatory cascade response. The migration of immune cells into the venous lumen is concomitant with the emergence of microvascular tissue and nerve fibers. Furthermore, the presence of neurogenic factors secreted by disc cells and immune cells stimulates the activation of pain-related cation channels in the dorsal root ganglion, potentially exacerbating discogenic and neurogenic pain and intensifying the degenerative cascade response mediated by chemokines. Gaining a deeper comprehension of the functions of chemokines and immune cells in these processes involving catabolism, angiogenesis, and injury detection could offer novel therapeutic avenues for managing symptomatic disc disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xue
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
- Central Laboratory, Gaochun Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211300, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jiujiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
| | - Long Lv
- Central Laboratory, Gaochun Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211300, China
| | - Dongming Wang
- Central Laboratory, Gaochun Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211300, China.
| | - Yuntao Wang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
- Department of Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
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Yang S, Jia Y, Zhang J, Zhai W, Xie Y, Guo J. A randomized controlled trial: The efficacy and safety of Bushen Huoxue formula in the management of lower back pain from lumbar disc herniation. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37293. [PMID: 38363892 PMCID: PMC10869040 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower back pain (LBP) arising from lumbar disc herniation (LDH) poses a challenging health issue, often necessitating therapeutic interventions. Bushen Huoxue formula (BSHXF) has proved as a potential treatment option with great clinical effect. However, comprehensive investigations into its efficacy and safety in conjunction with celecoxib for managing LBP from LDH are lacking. The objective of this article is to investigate the efficacy and safety of BSHXF in the management of patients with LBP from LDH. METHODS This single center, randomized clinical trial was conducted from March 2023 to September 2023 and all patients suffered from LBP of LDH. Participants were randomly assigned to the BSHXF group (celecoxib and BSHXF) or the control group (celecoxib and placebo). The patients received treatment for 2 weeks. Assessment was conducted before treatment, the last day of the treatment, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after the treatment. Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), Timed up and go test (TUGT), trunk range of movement (Trunk ROM), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used for the evaluation. RESULTS A total of 206 subjects completed treatment, among whom 104 participants were randomized to the BSHXF group and 102 participants were randomized to the control group. There were no significant differences between groups in terms of the observed indicators (P > .05). After treatment, patients in BSHXF group obtained significant lower scores at 2-week, 4-week, 8-week of VAS, ODI, RMDQ, TUGT, Trunk ROM and HADS than the baseline data (P < .05). The ODI score was significantly lower than the control group at 2-week, 4-week, 8-week (2w: 11.30 ± 5.80 vs 14.23 ± 6.33, P < .001; 4w: 10.95 ± 4.93 vs 13.54 ± 6.35, P < .001; 8w: 10.27 ± 5.25 vs 12.84 ± 6.57, P = .002). Similarly, the scores of VAS, RMDQ, TUGT, Trunk ROM scores of the BSHXF group markedly decreased at 2, 4, and 8-week when compared to their control group (P < .05). Furthermore, no significant difference showed up in the score of HADS between the between the BSHXF and the control group after treatment (P > .05). CONCLUSION This randomized clinical trial found that BSXHF can help significantly improve the clinical outcomes of celecoxib including pain intensity reduction and lumbar function improvement in LBP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqi Yang
- Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongwei Jia
- Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianpo Zhang
- Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifeng Zhai
- Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Guo
- Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Maniglio D, Bissoli E, Callone E, Dirè S, Motta A. Polymeric Hydrogels for Intervertebral Disc Replacement/Integration: Playing with the Chemical Composition for Tuning Shear Behavior and Hydrophilicity. Gels 2023; 9:912. [PMID: 37999002 PMCID: PMC10671477 DOI: 10.3390/gels9110912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Damages to the intervertebral disc (IVD) due to improper loading or degeneration result in back pain, which is a common disease affecting an increasing number of patients. Different strategies for IVD remediation have been developed, from surgical treatment to disc replacement, by using both metallic and non-metallic materials. Hydrogels are very attractive materials due to their ability to simulate the properties of many soft tissues; moreover, their chemical composition can be varied in order to assure performances similar to the natural disc. In particular, for the replacement of the IVD outer ring, namely, the anulus fibrosus, the shear properties are of paramount importance. In this work, we produced hydrogels through the photo-induced crosslinking of different mixtures composed of two hydrophilic monofunctional and difunctional polymers, namely, poly(ethyleneglycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEMA) and poly(ethyleneglycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), together with a hydrophobic molecule, i.e., tert-butyl acrylate (tBA). By changing the ratio among the precursors, we demonstrated the tunability of both the shear properties and hydrophilicity. The structural properties of hydrogels were studied by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). These experiments provided insights on both the structure and molecular dynamics of polymeric networks and, together with information obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), allowed for correlating the physical properties of the hydrogels with their chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devid Maniglio
- BIOtech Research Center, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Delle Regole 101, 38123 Trento, Italy; (D.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Elia Bissoli
- BIOtech Research Center, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Delle Regole 101, 38123 Trento, Italy; (D.M.); (A.M.)
- “Klaus Müller” Magnetic Resonance Lab., Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Emanuela Callone
- “Klaus Müller” Magnetic Resonance Lab., Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Sandra Dirè
- “Klaus Müller” Magnetic Resonance Lab., Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Antonella Motta
- BIOtech Research Center, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Delle Regole 101, 38123 Trento, Italy; (D.M.); (A.M.)
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Asadollahi S, Rafiee F, Luna R, Yousem DM, Gong G. MR imaging of thoracic annular fissures. Clin Imaging 2023; 101:227-233. [PMID: 37429169 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Annular fissures are common findings on MR studies of the lumbar spine but have not been specifically examined in the thoracic spine. We sought to review the prevalence and stability of MRI imaging features of thoracic annular fissures and the association of thoracic AFs with intervertebral degenerative disk changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We surveyed 10 years of MRI studies in which patients had one or more repeated examinations of the thoracic spine. For every annular fissure, we recorded its imaging features on all pulse sequences and the evolution of those imaging findings across all time periods. RESULTS We reviewed 210 patients and discovered that 66 (31.4%) had at least one thoracic annular fissure. The presence of annular fissures was positively correlated with older age and male gender. The initial annular fissure was always hyperintense on T2WI and annular fissures remained hyperintense on T2WI over time in all cases but showed less hyperintensity in 23.9% (n = 39/163) and more hyperintensity in 4.9% (n = 8/163). The rate of concomitant disk bulges was 85.8% (n = 140/163). Of the 71 annular fissures in which gadolinium-enhanced studies were performed, 20 (28.1%) showed enhancement and 14/20 (70%) annular fissures showed persistent enhancement over time (mean follow-up = 39.6 ± 44.1 months). CONCLUSION Thoracic annular fissures rarely resolve, remain hyperintense on T2WI, and, if they enhance, that enhancement generally persists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Asadollahi
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Rodrigo Luna
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David M Yousem
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Gary Gong
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Chen XW, Li QW, Wang H. Sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of miRNA from rat endplate chondrogenic exosomes. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:267. [PMID: 37206570 PMCID: PMC10189748 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have a key role in various diseases, such as arthritis, heart disease and respiratory disease. Exosomes from various sources have also been indicated to improve intervertebral disc degeneration. However, the role of endplate chondrogenic exosomes in intervertebral disc degeneration has remained largely elusive. The aim of the present study was to compare exosomal microRNA (miRNA) expression patterns in endplate chondrocytes before and after degeneration, and their potential roles in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Endplate chondrocytes were extracted from rats and cultured to obtain pre- and post-degeneration chondrocytes. Exosomes were obtained from the chondrocytes by centrifugation. The two groups of exosomes were subjected to small RNA sequencing, miRNA identification, novel miRNA prediction, quantitative analysis of miRNA expression and differentially expressed (DE) miRNA screening, in addition to miRNA target gene (TG) prediction and TG functional annotation and enrichment analysis. The percentage of miRNAs isolated from the exosomes before and after degeneration was found to differ. A total of 58 DE miRNAs were analyzed, the expression levels of which were significantly different post-degeneration compared with pre-degeneration. Cell experiments were also performed, in which the exosomes were co-cultured with nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. The results indicated that the chondrocyte-derived exosomes were taken up by the NP cells and influenced the expression of aggrecan and collagen 1A and 2A, suggesting that they may inhibit IVDD via their action on NP cells. The specific miRNAs present in exosomes during IVDD may be used to develop new targets for the treatment and diagnosis of this condition. DE exosomal miRNAs derived from endplate cartilage pre- and post-degeneration may be associated with the risk of IVDD and could help to distinguish patients with IVDD. Furthermore, the expression of certain miRNAs may be associated with disease progression, which may contribute to understanding the pathophysiology of IVDD from an epigenetic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Wu Chen
- Department of Spinal Orthopedics, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Wei Li
- Department of Spinal Orthopedics, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Spinal Orthopedics, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Hong Wang, Department of Spinal Orthopedics, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 2 Zheshan West Road, Jinghu, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
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Bari E, Perteghella S, Rassu G, Gavini E, Petretto GL, Bonferoni MC, Giunchedi P, Torre ML. Sericin/crocetin micro/nanoparticles for nucleus pulposus cells regeneration: An “active” drug delivery system. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1129882. [PMID: 36969863 PMCID: PMC10036567 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1129882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Initiation and progression of intervertebral disk degeneration are linked to oxidative stress, with reactive oxygen species being a key factor. Therefore, as a potentially novel approach able to regenerate the damaged intervertebral disk, this work aimed to prepare an “active per sé” drug delivery system by combining sericin and crocetin: both are bioactive compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulant and regenerative properties.Methods: In detail, sericin nanoparticles were prepared using crocetin as a cross-linker; then, the nanoparticle dispersions were dried by spray drying as it is (NP), with an excess of sericin (NPS) or crocin/crocetin (NPMix), obtaining three microparticle formulations.Results and Discussion: Before drying, the nanoparticles were nanometric (about 250 nm), with a negative surface charge, and appeared spherical and smooth. Following the drying process, spherical and smooth microparticles were obtained, with a mean diameter of about 1.7–2.30 μm. NPMix was the most active in antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities, likely due to the excess of crocin/crocetin, while NPS had the best anti-elastase activity, likely due to sericin in excess. Furthermore, all the formulations could prevent oxidative stress damage on nucleus pulposus cells, with NPMix being the best. Overall, the intrinsic anti-tyrosinase and anti-elastase activities and the ability to protect from oxidative stress-induced damages justify future investigations of these “active per sé” formulations in treating or preventing intervertebral disk degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giovanna Rassu,
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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Wang YH, Zhou Y, Xie YZ, Fan XH, Liang WQ, Wei X, Zhao MD, Huo YX, Zhang T, Yin Y. The effect of ultrasound-guided acupotomy and Juanbi decoction on lumbar disc herniation: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32622. [PMID: 36607879 PMCID: PMC9829273 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acupotomy as well as Juanbi decoction has been used in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation. However, there is no study on ultrasound-guided acupotomy combined with Juanbi decoction in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation. METHOD This study was supported by the Sichuan Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine [grant number: 2020LC0163] and the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province [grant number: 2022YFS0418]. This study was 3 center, open, randomized, controlled trial, and was carried out from December 2020 to December 2022. A total of 60 eligible patients with LDH were split into group A and group B at random. The group B received Juanbi Decoction 3 times daily for 2 weeks along with an acupotomy assisted by ultrasound. The acupotomy was administered once a week. The same protocol was used with the group A, but the Juanbi Decoction was replaced with normal saline. OBSERVATION INDEX Visual analogue scale (VAS) score on 1 day and 1 week after treatment, VAS score, Japanese orthopedic association low back pain score(JOA) rate, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and low back outcome scale (LBOS) at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment in 2 groups. RESULTS There were no significant differences in general information, VAS score before treatment, JOA, ODI, and LBOS between the 2 groups (P > .05). Intra-group comparison: VAS score, JOA rate, ODI, and LBOS were compared before and after treatment in both groups, and the differences were statistically significant (P < .05). There were significant differences in VAS and LBOS between the 2 groups at 3 and 6 months after treatment, and there were statistically significant differences in ODI and JOA rates at 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION Acupotomy aided by ultrasound combined with Juanbi Decoction significantly relieves lumbar pain and can improve lumbar function in patients with LDH, and the clinical efficacy lasts for about 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-hui Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * Correspondence: Ye-hui Wang, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China (e-mail: )
| | - Yi Zhou
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi-zhou Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-hong Fan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wan-qiang Liang
- Qionglai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qionglai, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xing Wei
- Qionglai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qionglai, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming-dong Zhao
- Qionglai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qionglai, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu-xiong Huo
- Qionglai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qionglai, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Qionglai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qionglai, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yun Yin
- Qionglai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qionglai, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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11
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Tarabeih N, Shalata A, Higla O, Kalinkovich A, Livshits G. The search for systemic biomarkers for monitoring degenerative lumbar spinal disorders. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2022; 4:100323. [PMID: 36601335 PMCID: PMC9805972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2022.100323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In our previous study, we reported that low back pain (LBP) severity and disability significantly correlate with body composition and several blood biochemical factors. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that these covariates are associated with anatomical deformations of the lumbar spine, in particular, radiographic facet joint osteoarthritis (FJOA) and lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) features important contributors to LBP. Methods CT and MRI images of the lumbar spine were obtained from 200 individuals suffering from LBP-sciatica. We examined the FJOA and total LDD score - the sum of the scores of the three radiographic features (intervertebral disc herniation, osteophythosis and spondylolisthesis) at the L1 - S1 vertebral levels. By implementing a bioelectrical impedance analysis, we assessed the participants for body composition, specifically, extracellular water (ECW). Plasma levels of growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) and visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (vaspin), were detected by ELISA. Results By conducting a series of multivariable regression analyses, we report that the circulating levels of GDF-15, vaspin, and ECW are significantly and independently associated with FJOA scores [βGDF15 = 0.38 ± 0.08, p = 0.0001; βVASPIN = 0.36 ± 0.07, p = 0.000004; βECW = 0.24 ± 0.07, p = 0.002]. The levels of GDF-15 (β = 0.30 ± 0.10, p = 0.007) and ECW (β = 0.20 ± 0.09, p = 0.03) were also found significantly associated with the LDD scores. Conclusion The obtained new data suggest that GDF-15, vaspin and ECW may serve as biomarkers for FJOA and LDD phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Tarabeih
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel,Maale HaCarmel Mental Health Center, Affiliated to Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Adel Shalata
- The Simon Winter Institute for Human Genetics, Bnai Zion Medical Center, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Orabi Higla
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alexander Kalinkovich
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gregory Livshits
- Deparment of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel,Corresponding author. Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel.
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12
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The Influence of Intervertebral Disc Microenvironment on the Biological Behavior of Engrafted Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:8671482. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8671482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration is the main cause of low back pain. Traditional treatment methods cannot repair degenerated intervertebral disc tissue. The emergence of stem cell therapy makes it possible to regenerate and repair degenerated intervertebral disc tissue. At present, mesenchymal stem cells are the most studied, and different types of mesenchymal stem cells have their own characteristics. However, due to the harsh and complex internal microenvironment of the intervertebral disc, it will affect the biological behaviors of the implanted mesenchymal stem cells, such as viability, proliferation, migration, and chondrogenic differentiation, thereby affecting the therapeutic effect. This review is aimed at summarizing the influence of each intervertebral disc microenvironmental factor on the biological behavior of mesenchymal stem cells, so as to provide new ideas for using tissue engineering technology to assist stem cells to overcome the influence of the microenvironment in the future.
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13
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Zhang CY, Hu XC, Zhang GZ, Liu MQ, Chen HW, Kang XW. Role of Nrf2 and HO-1 in intervertebral disc degeneration. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 63:559-576. [PMID: 35736364 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2022.2089565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a common age-related disease with clinical manifestations of lumbar and leg pain and limited mobility. The pathogenesis of IDD is mainly mediated by the death of intervertebral disc (IVD) cells and the imbalance of extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and degradation. Oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions are the important factors causing this pathological change. Therefore, the regulation of reactive oxygen species and production of inflammatory factors may be an effective strategy to delay the progression of IDD. In recent years, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream regulated protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) have received special attention due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic protective effects. Recent studies have elucidated the important role of these two proteins in the treatment of IDD disease. However, Nrf2 and HO-1 have not been systematically reported in IDD-related diseases. Therefore, this review describes the biological characteristics of Nrf2 and HO-1, the relationship between Nrf2- and HO-1-regulated oxidative stress and the inflammatory response and IDD, and the progress in research on some extracts targeting Nrf2 and HO-1 to improve IDD. Understanding the role and mechanism of Nrf2 and HO-1 in IDD may provide novel ideas for the clinical treatment and development of Nrf2- and HO-1-targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cang-Yu Zhang
- The second clinical medical college, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Xu-Chang Hu
- The second clinical medical college, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Guang-Zhi Zhang
- The second clinical medical college, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Ming-Qiang Liu
- The second clinical medical college, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Hai-Wei Chen
- The second clinical medical college, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Xue-Wen Kang
- The second clinical medical college, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
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14
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Cui S, Li W, Teixeira GQ, Neidlinger‐Wilke C, Wilke H, Haglund L, Ouyang H, Richards RG, Grad S, Alini M, Li Z. Neoepitope fragments as biomarkers for different phenotypes of intervertebral disc degeneration. JOR Spine 2022; 5:e1215. [PMID: 36203866 PMCID: PMC9520770 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration process, initial degenerative events occur at the extracellular matrix level, with the appearance of neoepitope peptides formed by the cleavage of aggrecan and collagen. This study aims to elucidate the spatial and temporal alterations of aggrecan and collagen neoepitope level during IVD degeneration. Methods Bovine caudal IVDs were cultured under four different conditions to mimic different degenerative situations. Samples cultured after 1‐ or 8‐days were collected for analysis. Human IVD samples were obtained from patients diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) or adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). After immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of Aggrecanase Cleaved C‐terminus Aggrecan Neoepitope (NB100), MMP Cleaved C‐terminus Aggrecan Neoepitope (MMPCC), Collagen Type 1α1 1/4 fragment (C1α1) and Collagenase Cleaved Type I and II Collagen Neoepitope (C1,2C), staining optical density (OD)/area in extracellular matrix (OECM) and pericellular zone (OPCZ) were analyzed. Conditioned media of the bovine IVD was collected to measure protein level of inflammatory cytokines and C1,2C. Results For the bovine IVD sections, the aggrecan MMPCC neoepitope was accumulated in nucleus pulposus (NP) and cartilage endplate (EP) regions following mechanical overload in the one strike model after long‐term culture; as for the TNF‐α induced degeneration, the OECM and OPCZ of collagen C1,2C neoepitope was significantly increased in the outer AF region after long‐term culture; moreover, the C1,2C was only detected in conditioned medium from TNF‐α injection + Degenerative loading group after 8 days of culture. LDH patients showed higher MMPCC OECM in NP and higher C1,2C OECM in AF region compared with AIS patients. Conclusions In summary, aggrecan and collagen neoepitope profiles showed degeneration induction trigger‐ and region‐specific differences in the IVD organ culture models. Different IVD degeneration types are correlated with specific neoepitope expression profiles. These neoepitopes may be helpful as biomarkers of ECM degradation in early IVD degeneration and indicators of different degeneration phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangbin Cui
- AO Research Institute Davos Davos Switzerland
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Wenyue Li
- AO Research Institute Davos Davos Switzerland
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU‐UoE Institute) Zhejiang University Haining China
| | - Graciosa Q. Teixeira
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Centre for Trauma Research Ulm (ZTF Ulm) Ulm University Ulm Germany
| | - Cornelia Neidlinger‐Wilke
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Centre for Trauma Research Ulm (ZTF Ulm) Ulm University Ulm Germany
| | - Hans‐Joachim Wilke
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Centre for Trauma Research Ulm (ZTF Ulm) Ulm University Ulm Germany
| | - Lisbet Haglund
- Department of Surgery and Shriners Hospital for Children McGill University Montreal Canada
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU‐UoE Institute) Zhejiang University Haining China
| | - R. Geoff Richards
- AO Research Institute Davos Davos Switzerland
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | | | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos Davos Switzerland
| | - Zhen Li
- AO Research Institute Davos Davos Switzerland
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15
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Irisin Ameliorates Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Activating LATS/YAP/CTGF Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9684062. [PMID: 35915608 PMCID: PMC9338732 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9684062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Unbalanced metabolism of an extracellular matrix (ECM) in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) is widely acknowledged as the primary cause of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Irisin, a novel myokine, is cleaved from fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5) and has recently been proven to regulate the metabolism of ECM. However, little is known about its potential on NPCs and the development of IDD. Therefore, this study sought to examine the protective effects and molecular mechanism of irisin on IDD in vivo and in vitro. Decreased expression levels of FNDC5 and anabolism markers (COL2A1 and ACAN) but increased levels of catabolism markers (ADAMTS4) were found in degenerative nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues. In a punctured-induced rat IDD model, irisin treatment was found to significantly slow the development of IDD, and in TNF-α-stimulated NPCs, irisin treatment partly reversed the disorder of ECM metabolism. In mechanism, RNA-seq results suggested that irisin treatment affected the Hippo signaling pathway. Further studies revealed that with irisin treatment, the phosphorylation levels of key factors (LATS and YAP) were downregulated, while the expression level of CTGF was upregulated. Moreover, CTGF knockdown partially eliminated the protective effects of irisin on the metabolism of ECM in NPCs, including inhibiting the anabolism and promoting the catabolism. Taken together, this study demonstrated that the expression levels of FNDC5 were decreased in degenerative NP tissues, while irisin treatment promoted the anabolism, inhibited the catabolism of the ECM in NPCs, and delayed the progression of IDD via LATS/YAP/CTGF signaling. These results shed light on the protective actions of irisin on NPCs, leading to the development of a novel therapeutic target for treating IDD.
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16
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Zhang D, Feng M, Liu W, Yu J, Wei X, Yang K, Zhan J, Peng W, Luo M, Han T, Jin Z, Yin H, Sun K, Yin X, Zhu L. From Mechanobiology to Mechanical Repair Strategies: A Bibliometric Analysis of Biomechanical Studies of Intervertebral Discs. J Pain Res 2022; 15:2105-2122. [PMID: 35923841 PMCID: PMC9342884 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s361938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neck pain and low back pain are major challenges in public health, and intervertebral disc (IVD) biomechanics is an important multidisciplinary field. To date, no bibliometric literature review of the relevant literature has been performed, so we explored the emerging trends, landmark studies, and major contributors to IVD biomechanics research. We searched the Web of Science core collection (1900–2022) using keywords mainly composed of “biomechanics” and “intervertebral disc” to conduct a bibliometric analysis of original papers and their references, focusing on citations, authors, journals, and countries/regions. A co-citation analysis and clustering of the references were also completed. A total of 3189 records met the inclusion criteria. In the co-citation network, cluster #0, labeled as “annulus fibrosus tissue engineering”, and cluster #1, labeled as “micromechanical environment”, were the biggest clusters. References by MacLean et al and Holzapfel et al were positioned exactly between them and had high betweenness centrality. There existed a research topic evolution between mechanobiology and mechanical repair strategies of IVDs, and the latter had been identified as an emerging trend in IVD biomechanics. Numerous landmark studies had contributed to several fields, including mechanical testing of normal and pathological IVDs, mechanical evaluation of new repair strategies and development of finite element model. Adams MA was the author most cited by IVD biomechanics papers. Spine, the European Spine Journal, and the Journal of Biomechanics were the three journals where the most original articles and their references have been published. The United States has contributed most to the literature (n = 1277 papers); however, the research output of China is increasing. In conclusion, the present study suggests that IVD repair is an emerging trend in IVD biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minshan Feng
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Wei
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kexin Yang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Zhan
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyi Luo
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhefeng Jin
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - He Yin
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xunlu Yin
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xunlu Yin; Liguo Zhu, Department of Spine, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
| | - Liguo Zhu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Kroon T, Bhadouria N, Niziolek P, Edwards D, Choi R, Clinkenbeard EL, Robling A, Holguin N. Suppression of Sost/Sclerostin and Dickkopf-1 Augment Intervertebral Disc Structure in Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1156-1169. [PMID: 35278242 PMCID: PMC9320845 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a leading cause of low back pain, characterized by accelerated extracellular matrix breakdown and IVD height loss, but there is no approved pharmacological therapeutic. Deletion of Wnt ligand competitor Lrp5 induces IVD degeneration, suggesting that Wnt signaling is essential for IVD homeostasis. Therefore, the IVD may respond to neutralization of Wnt ligand competitors sost(gene)/sclerostin(protein) and/or dickkopf-1 (dkk1). Anti-sclerostin antibody (scl-Ab) is an FDA-approved bone therapeutic that activates Wnt signaling. We aimed to (i) determine if pharmacological neutralization of sclerostin, dkk1, or their combination would stimulate Wnt signaling and augment IVD structure and (ii) determine the prolonged adaptation of the IVD to global, persistent deletion of sost. Nine-week-old C57Bl/6J female mice (n = 6-7/group) were subcutaneously injected 2×/week for 5.5 weeks with scl-Ab (25 mg/kg), dkk1-Ab (25 mg/kg), 3:1 scl-Ab/dkk1-Ab (18.75:6.25 mg/kg), or vehicle (veh). Separately, IVD of sost KO and wild-type (WT) mice (n = 8/group) were harvested at 16 weeks of age. First, compared with vehicle, injection of scl-Ab, dkk1-Ab, and 3:1 scl-Ab/dkk1-Ab similarly increased lumbar IVD height and β-catenin gene expression. Despite these similarities, only injection of scl-Ab alone strengthened IVD mechanical properties and decreased heat shock protein gene expressions. Genetically and compared with WT, sost KO enlarged IVD height, increased proteoglycan staining, and imbibed IVD hydration. Notably, persistent deletion of sost was compensated by upregulation of dkk1, which consequently reduced the cell nuclear fraction for Wnt signaling co-transcription factor β-catenin in the IVD. Lastly, RNA-sequencing pathway analysis confirmed the compensatory suppression of Wnt signaling and revealed a reduction of cellular stress-related pathways. Together, suppression of sost/sclerostin or dkk1 each augmented IVD structure by stimulating Wnt signaling, but scl-Ab outperformed dkk1-Ab in strengthening the IVD. Ultimately, postmenopausal women prescribed scl-Ab injections to prevent vertebral fracture may also benefit from a restoration of IVD height and health. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tori Kroon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, IUPUI, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Neharika Bhadouria
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Paul Niziolek
- Radiology & Imaging Sciences, IUPUI, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Daniel Edwards
- Indiana Center of Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Roy Choi
- Department for Anatomy and Cell Biology, IUPUI, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Alexander Robling
- Indiana Center of Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department for Anatomy and Cell Biology, IUPUI, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nilsson Holguin
- Indiana Center of Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department for Anatomy and Cell Biology, IUPUI, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, IUPUI, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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18
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Ionizing Radiation Induces Disc Annulus Fibrosus Senescence and Matrix Catabolism via MMP-Mediated Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074014. [PMID: 35409374 PMCID: PMC8999232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research has identified an association between external radiation and disc degeneration, but the mechanism was poorly understood. This study explores the effects of ionizing radiation (IR) on inducing cellular senescence of annulus fibrosus (AF) in cell culture and in an in vivo mouse model. Exposure of AF cell culture to 10–15 Gy IR for 5 min followed by 5 days of culture incubation resulted in almost complete senescence induction as evidenced by SA-βgal positive staining of cells and elevated mRNA expression of the p16 and p21 senescent markers. IR-induced senescent AF cells exhibited increased matrix catabolism, including elevated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and -3 protein expression and aggrecanolysis. Analogous results were seen with whole body IR-exposed mice, demonstrating that genotoxic stress also drives disc cellular senescence and matrix catabolism in vivo. These results have important clinical implications in the potential adverse effects of ionizing radiation on spinal health.
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19
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Hickman TT, Rathan-Kumar S, Peck SH. Development, Pathogenesis, and Regeneration of the Intervertebral Disc: Current and Future Insights Spanning Traditional to Omics Methods. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:841831. [PMID: 35359439 PMCID: PMC8963184 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.841831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intervertebral disc (IVD) is the fibrocartilaginous joint located between each vertebral body that confers flexibility and weight bearing capabilities to the spine. The IVD plays an important role in absorbing shock and stress applied to the spine, which helps to protect not only the vertebral bones, but also the brain and the rest of the central nervous system. Degeneration of the IVD is correlated with back pain, which can be debilitating and severely affects quality of life. Indeed, back pain results in substantial socioeconomic losses and healthcare costs globally each year, with about 85% of the world population experiencing back pain at some point in their lifetimes. Currently, therapeutic strategies for treating IVD degeneration are limited, and as such, there is great interest in advancing treatments for back pain. Ideally, treatments for back pain would restore native structure and thereby function to the degenerated IVD. However, the complex developmental origin and tissue composition of the IVD along with the avascular nature of the mature disc makes regeneration of the IVD a uniquely challenging task. Investigators across the field of IVD research have been working to elucidate the mechanisms behind the formation of this multifaceted structure, which may identify new therapeutic targets and inform development of novel regenerative strategies. This review summarizes current knowledge base on IVD development, degeneration, and regenerative strategies taken from traditional genetic approaches and omics studies and discusses the future landscape of investigations in IVD research and advancement of clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara T. Hickman
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sudiksha Rathan-Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sun H. Peck
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Sun H. Peck,
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20
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Zhang Z, Qin F, Feng Y, Zhang S, Xie C, Huang H, Sang C, Hu S, Jiao F, Jiang J, Qin Y. Icariin regulates stem cell migration for endogenous repair of intervertebral disc degeneration by increasing the expression of chemotactic cytokines. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:63. [PMID: 35272637 PMCID: PMC8915518 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03544-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Icariin (ICA) can promote the migration and bone formation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. This study explored a potential role of ICA in recruiting stem cell niches (SCNs) within the intervertebral disc region (ISN)-derived stem cells (ISN-SCs) to treat intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Materials and methods EdU staining, transwell, and wound healing tests were used to analyze the function of ICA on ISN-SCs proliferation and migration ability. Simultaneously, the IVDD rat model was constructed by the acupuncture and divided into Sham, Sham + ICA, IVDD, and IVDD + ICA groups. H&E and PAS staining were performed to detect the pathological changes of IVDD tissues. Immunofluorescence was performed to discover relevant marker expression on the surface of stem cells in the IVDD tissues. Western blot and qPCR were executed to find the protein and mRNA expression of related cytokines in the IVDD tissues. Results ISN-SCs treated with 1 μM ICA obtained the better ability of proliferation and migration. H&E staining showed that the annulus fibrosus in the IVDD group was obviously hyperplasia with cavities and fissures; the nucleus pulposus was reduced. PAS staining showed that the content of polysaccharides was significantly reduced in the nucleus pulposus of IVDD group. However, the ICA treatment alleviated the pathological trends of the IVDD tissues. Simultaneously, ICA treatment increased significantly the expression of stem cells and IGF-1, TGF-β, SDF-1, CCL-5, Collagen I, Collagen II, Aggrecan, and SOX9 in IVDD tissues. Conclusions ICA treatment promoted the migration of stem cell in IVDD by increasing the expression of chemotactic cytokines, including IGF-1, TGF-β, SDF-1, and CCL-5. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03544-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofei Zhang
- Department of Spine and Orthopedics, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University), Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 87 Yingbin Road, Huadu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fengwei Qin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 87 Yingbin Road, Huadu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Feng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 87 Yingbin Road, Huadu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sineng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 87 Yingbin Road, Huadu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunliang Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 87 Yingbin Road, Huadu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 87 Yingbin Road, Huadu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaohui Sang
- Department of Spine and Orthopedics, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University), Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyu Hu
- Department of Spine and Orthopedics, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University), Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Jiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 87 Yingbin Road, Huadu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Spine and Orthopedics, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University), Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Spine and Orthopedics, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University), Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Hemati K, Pourhanifeh MH, Fatemi I, Hosseinzadeh A, Mehrzadi S. Anti-degenerative effect of melatonin on intervertebral disc: protective contribution against inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:711-718. [PMID: 35034592 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220114151654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a leading cause of lower back pain. Although the etiology of IVD degeneration (IVDD) is unclear, excessive oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis and disruption of autophagy play important role in the pathogenesis of IVDD. Therefore, finding a solution to mitigate these processes could stop or reduce the development of IVDD. Melatonin, a powerful antioxidant, plays an important role in regulating cartilage tissue hemostasis. Melatonin inhibits destruction of extracellular matrix (ECM) of disc. Melatonin preserves ECM contents including sox-9, aggrecan, and collagen II through inhibiting matrix degeneration enzymes such as MMP-13. These protective effects may be mediated by the inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, and regulation of autophagy in IVD cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Hemati
- Department of Anesthesiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Iman Fatemi
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Inverse Agonist of Retinoid-Related Orphan Receptor-Alpha Prevents Apoptosis and Degeneration in Nucleus Pulposus Cells via Upregulation of YAP. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:9954909. [PMID: 34366712 PMCID: PMC8337132 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9954909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degenerative disease (IDD) is the most common degenerative spine disease, which leads to chronic low back pain and symptoms in the lower extremities. In this study, we found that RORα, a member of the retinoid-related orphan receptor family, is significantly elevated in nucleus pulposus tissue in IDD patients. The elevation of RORα is associated with increased apoptosis of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. Therefore, we applicated a well-established inverse agonist of RORα, SR3335, to investigate its role in regulating NP cell metabolism and apoptosis. To further investigate the mechanism that SR3335 regulates the pathogenesis of IDD in vitro, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) stimulation was used in human NP cells to mimic the hostile environment that leads to degeneration. We found that SR3335 treatment reversed the trend of increased apoptosis in NP cells induced by TNF-α treatment. Next, TNF-α treatment upregulated the expression of type II collagen and aggrecan and downregulated MMP13 (matrix-degrading enzyme matrix metalloproteinase 13) and ADAMTS4 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4). However, these effects were reversed after SR3335 treatment. Furthermore, we find that SR3335 mediated the effect in NP cells by regulating the YAP signaling pathway, especially by affecting the phosphorylation state of YAP. In conclusion, the reduction of matrix degradation enzymes and apoptosis upon SR3335 treatment suggests that SR3335 is a promising drug in reversing the deleterious microenvironment in IDD patients.
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Rajasekaran S, Soundararajan DCR, Tangavel C, Nayagam SM, K S SV, R S, Matchado MS, Muthurajan R, Shetty AP, Kanna RM, K D. Uncovering molecular targets for regenerative therapy in degenerative disc disease: do small leucine-rich proteoglycans hold the key? Spine J 2021; 21:5-19. [PMID: 32344061 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) play an essential role in extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and function. Recently, dysregulation of SLRPs has been implicated in degenerative disc disease (DDD). An in-depth analysis using high-throughput proteomic sequencing might provide valuable information on their implications in health and disease. PURPOSE To utilize proteomics for analyzing the expression of SLRPs in fetal, healthy adult, and degenerated discs, to identify possible molecular targets to halt or reverse the degenerative process. STUDY DESIGN Experimental analysis. METHODS Proteomic signatures of 8 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) normal lumbar discs (ND) [harvested from brain dead alive organ donors] were compared to 8 fetal disc samples (FD) [harvested from fetal spines devoid of congenital anomalies following spontaneous or medical termination of pregnancy] and 8 degenerate discs (DD) [collected from patients undergoing fusion surgery]. The various functional pathways along with the differential expression of SLRPs and the associated changes in collagens, large proteoglycans (LLRPs), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) have been analyzed further using bioinformatics. This project was self-funded by the Ganga Orthopedic Research and Education Foundation. RESULTS ESI-LC-MS/MS analysis revealed a total of 1,029 proteins in FD, 1,785 proteins in ND, and 1,775 proteins in DD. Fetal disc proteins were engaged mainly in ribosomal pathways (indicating active proliferation and regenerative potential). The healthy adult discs (ND) primarily participated in ECM maintenance and basic metabolic pathways, whereas the unique proteins of DD group were involved in inflammatory (Complement and coagulation cascades, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Leukocyte transendothelial migration) pathways and infective (Staphylococcus aureus infection, Prion diseases, Amoebiasis, Pertussis, and Legionellosis) channels which favor the recent concepts of inflammaging and subclinical infection as causes of DDD. Analysis of SLRPs revealed the upregulation of Biglycan in FDs and downregulation of Lumican, Decorin, Prolargin, and Chondroadherin in the DD group. The universal decrease in the abundance of SLRPs in the DD group was associated with an increase in MMPs and a reduction in TIMPs, collagen and LLRP content. CONCLUSIONS Our study documents the influence of SLRPs in the maintenance of disc health and also the need for future research in using them for disc regeneration. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The various SLRPs that we identified are all known to have a beneficial influence on ECM integrity and a negative effect on the degenerative process at different stages in the evolution of degeneration. Biglycan, which is abundantly present in a fetus, may be suitable for regenerative therapy, and the other SLRPs like Lumican, Prolargin, Decorin, and Chondroadherin may serve the same purpose and/or as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chitraa Tangavel
- Ganga Research Centre, No 91, Mettupalayam Rd, Coimbatore 641030, India
| | | | - Sri Vijayanand K S
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganga Hospital, 313, Mettupalayam Rd, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sunmathi R
- Ganga Research Centre, No 91, Mettupalayam Rd, Coimbatore 641030, India
| | | | - Raveendran Muthurajan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu agricultural university, Coimbatore 641003, India
| | - Ajoy Prasad Shetty
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganga Hospital, 313, Mettupalayam Rd, Coimbatore, India
| | - Rishi Mugesh Kanna
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganga Hospital, 313, Mettupalayam Rd, Coimbatore, India
| | - Dharmalingam K
- Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai 625020, India
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Abstract
The spine is an anchoring structure that is the base for mechanical motion of the body and a protector of neuroelements. Spinal disorders continue to plague generations with issues. Management options continue to evolve, allowing for operative and nonoperative pathways to treat underlying causes. Positive patient outcomes and long-term relief are achieved through evidence-based practice and innovative trends. The future of spine care will continue to push boundaries, allowing patients to return to activity at a much faster rate, with decreased restrictions and lower rates of future complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy Pietrowski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitative Services, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland MC3079, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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25
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Chang Y, Yang M, Zhang Y, Xu G, Li Z. Does hyperuricemia correlate with intervertebral disc degeneration? Med Hypotheses 2020; 140:109673. [PMID: 32182555 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Gout is a form of crystal arthropathy associated with deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals, and is directly related to hyperuricemia arising from abnormal purine metabolism and/or decreased uric acid excretion. Uric acid is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism and plays an important role as an in vivo antioxidant at physiological concentrations. Several case reports have described the presence of tophi in the intervertebral disc (IVD) or endplate of patients with hyperuricemia or gout, and these patients also exhibited severe intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). We speculated that uric acid may have dual effects on an IVD. On the one hand, physiological concentrations of uric acid have powerful antioxidant activity and can effectively maintain the steady state of the IVD, while on the other hand, high concentrations of uric acid have strong oxidizing activity and the resulting high osmotic pressure can aggravate IDD. Moreover, when MSU crystals accumulate in the endplate and IVD, they lead to a series of mechanical damages and inflammatory reactions that further accelerate IDD. Further basic and clinical studies are needed to clarify the mechanism for the involvement of uric acid in the onset and development of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvang Chang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopaedic Diseases, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopaedic Diseases, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopaedic Diseases, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopaedic Diseases, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopaedic Diseases, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Shi J, Zhou X, Wang Z, Kurra S, Niu J, Yang H. Increased lactic acid content associated with extracellular matrix depletion in a porcine disc degeneration induced by superficial annular lesion. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:551. [PMID: 31747924 PMCID: PMC6868808 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Degenerative intervertebral disc (IVD) disease can cause lower back pain. However, the change of lactic acid content during disc degeneration process still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the change of the content of lactic acid is associated with depletion of degenerative intervertebral disc extracellular matrix. Methods A total of 18 miniature pigs were equally divided into annular lesion surgery (AL) and sham group. The lateral superficial annulus fibrosus (AF) of T12-L4 discs in AL group were penetrated by 3.5 mm trepan with the depth of 3 mm, the same IVD were only exposed without any injury in the sham group. At 4, 8 and 12 weeks after surgery, the degree of intervertebral disc degeneration was evaluated by magnetic resonance, histological and biochemical analysis. Results No obvious degeneration was found in sham group. However, disc degeneration was found and gradually worsened in AL group after surgery. Histological analysis showed that the AF was rupture and disorder, the number of cells in nucleus pulposus (NP) was decreased in AL group. Compared with the sham group, the extent of type II collagen (Col-II) and aggrecan in NP tissue was dramatically decreased in AL group, consistent with the results of Col -II immunohistochemistry staining and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Besides, the gene expression of matrix metallopeptidase 3 and 13 also continuous increased in AL group. The amount of lactic acid and nerve growth factor in NP tissue was gradually increased after operation in AL group. Conclusions The content of lactic acid gradually increased after annular lesion, associated with the damage of AF structural and the decrease of Col -II and aggrecan in NP tissue, which leading to the disc degeneration. Depletion of extracellular matrix is consistent with lactic acid accumulation inside of IVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xichao Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 889 Wuzhongxi Road, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Swamy Kurra
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 720 E. Adams St, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Junjie Niu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
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