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Lima ÉRG, Queiroz MAF, Lima SS, Machado LFA, Cayres-Vallinoto IMV, Vallinoto ACR, Figueiredo FADPL, Guerreiro JF, Guimarães Ishak MDO, Ishak R. CCR5∆32 and SDF1 3'A: Gene Variants, Expression and Influence on Biological Markers for the Clinical Progression to AIDS among HIV-1 Virus Controllers in a Mixed Population of the Amazon Region of Brazil. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054958. [PMID: 36902388 PMCID: PMC10003039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CCR5Δ32 and SDF1-3'A polymorphisms were investigated in a cohort of viremia controllers, without the use of therapy, along with their influence on CD4+ T lymphocytes (TLs), CD8+ TLs, and plasma viral load (VL). The samples were analyzed from 32 HIV-1-infected individuals classified as viremia controllers 1 and 2 and viremia non-controllers, from both sexes, mostly heterosexuals, paired with 300 individuals from a control group. CCR5∆32 polymorphism was identified by PCR amplification of a fragment of 189 bp for the wild-type allele and 157 bp for the allele with the ∆32 deletion. SDF1-3'A polymorphism was identified by PCR, followed by enzymatic digestion (restriction fragment length polymorphism) with the Msp I enzyme. The relative quantification of gene expression was performed by real-time PCR. The distribution of allele and genotype frequencies did not show significant differences between the groups. The gene expression of CCR5 and SDF1 was not different between the profiles of AIDS progression. There was no significant correlation between the progression markers (CD4+ TL/CD8+ TL and VL) and the CCR5∆32 polymorphism carrier status. The 3'A allele variant was associated with a marked loss of CD4+ TLs and a higher plasma VL. Neither CCR5∆32 nor SDF1-3'A was associated with viremia control or the controlling phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érica Ribeiro Gomes Lima
- Virus Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz
- Virus Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-91-98864-4259
| | - Sandra Souza Lima
- Virus Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - João Farias Guerreiro
- Human and Medical Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Ishak
- Virus Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
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2
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Machado LFA, Fonseca RRDS, Queiroz MAF, Oliveira-Filho AB, Cayres-Vallinoto IMV, Vallinoto ACR, Ishak MDOG, Ishak R. The Epidemiological Impact of STIs among General and Vulnerable Populations of the Amazon Region of Brazil: 30 years of Surveillance. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050855. [PMID: 34067165 PMCID: PMC8151421 DOI: 10.3390/v13050855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) represent a worldwide public health problem and, although many of them are curable, they continue to be neglected, especially in areas with a low human development index, such as in the northern region of Brazil. This review describes the results of 30 years of studies at the Virus Laboratory at the Federal University of Pará, including the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of HIV-1, HTLV-1/2, HPV, HBV, Treponema pallidum and Chlamydia trachomatis among urban and non-urban populations, and also in vulnerable groups in the Brazilian Amazon. Control strategies and challenges in preventing STIs are discussed considering this immense geographic region, where essential health services are unable to reach the entire population, especially the most vulnerable, such as female sex workers, people who use illicit drugs, remnants of quilombolos and indigenous communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Fernando Almeida Machado
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-110, Brazil; (R.R.d.S.F.); (M.A.F.Q.); (I.M.V.C.-V.); (A.C.R.V.); (M.d.O.G.I.); (R.I.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ricardo Roberto de Souza Fonseca
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-110, Brazil; (R.R.d.S.F.); (M.A.F.Q.); (I.M.V.C.-V.); (A.C.R.V.); (M.d.O.G.I.); (R.I.)
| | - Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-110, Brazil; (R.R.d.S.F.); (M.A.F.Q.); (I.M.V.C.-V.); (A.C.R.V.); (M.d.O.G.I.); (R.I.)
| | - Aldemir Branco Oliveira-Filho
- Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Populações Vulneráveis, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança 68.600-000, Brazil;
| | - Izaura Maria Vieira Cayres-Vallinoto
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-110, Brazil; (R.R.d.S.F.); (M.A.F.Q.); (I.M.V.C.-V.); (A.C.R.V.); (M.d.O.G.I.); (R.I.)
| | - Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-110, Brazil; (R.R.d.S.F.); (M.A.F.Q.); (I.M.V.C.-V.); (A.C.R.V.); (M.d.O.G.I.); (R.I.)
| | - Marluísa de Oliveira Guimarães Ishak
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-110, Brazil; (R.R.d.S.F.); (M.A.F.Q.); (I.M.V.C.-V.); (A.C.R.V.); (M.d.O.G.I.); (R.I.)
| | - Ricardo Ishak
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-110, Brazil; (R.R.d.S.F.); (M.A.F.Q.); (I.M.V.C.-V.); (A.C.R.V.); (M.d.O.G.I.); (R.I.)
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3
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de Souza RL, Pereira MVS, da Silva RM, Sales JBDL, Gardunho DCL, Monteiro JC, Siravenha LQ, da Luz ALB, Fonseca RRDS, Oliveira-Filho AB, Ishak MDOG, Ishak R, Machado LFA. Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 and HTLV-1/2 Among Female Sex Workers in Four Cities in the State of Para, Northern Brazil. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:602664. [PMID: 33262753 PMCID: PMC7686468 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.602664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Female sex workers (FSWs) represent a key population for the acquisition of sexually transmitted infections (STI) due to their social vulnerability and the risks associated with their occupation. This study was conducted to describe the sociodemographic characteristics and sexual behavior among FSWs in cities in northern Brazil, to determine the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) and human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1/2) infections and to identify the circulating subtypes of these agents in this key population. A cross-sectional study using the Time Location Sampling (TLS) method was conducted among 339 FSWs in cities in the state of Pará from 2005 to 2006. Serological and molecular tests were performed to identify infections and viral subtypes, and bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify risk factors. Most FSWs were young, single, less educated and had at least one child. The prevalence of antibodies against HIV-1 and HTLV-1 was 2.3 and 1.7%, respectively. HIV-1 subtypes B (87.5%) and F1 (12.5%) were identified among FSWs, as were Cosmopolitan subtype (1a) and Transcontinental subgroup (A). Unprotected sex and illicit drug use were associated with HIV-1 and HTLV-1 infections using bivariate and multivariate analyses, and age ≥27 years was associated only with HIV. The important information highlighted here clearly indicates that the lack of actions to control and prevent pathogens in FSWs and the lack of strategies for health promotion in key populations can further aggravate the epidemiological scenario of viral infections in remote areas with low human development indices. Neglecting these facts may be causing the spread of these two viruses and their respective subtypes in the general population of northern Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo Lopes de Souza
- Campus de Abaetetuba, Universidade Federal do Pará, Abaetetuba, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Victor Serejo Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - João Bráullio de Luna Sales
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Danilo Cesar Lima Gardunho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Cortinhas Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Quintão Siravenha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Anderson Luiz Bessa da Luz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Roberto de Souza Fonseca
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Aldemir Branco Oliveira-Filho
- Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Populações Vulneráveis, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, Brazil
| | - Marluísa de Oliveira Guimarães Ishak
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ishak
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Almeida Machado
- Campus de Abaetetuba, Universidade Federal do Pará, Abaetetuba, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
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4
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Alencar SP, Souza MDC, Fonseca RRDS, Menezes CR, Azevedo VN, Ribeiro ALR, Lima SS, Laurentino RV, Barbosa MDADAP, Freitas FB, Oliveira-Filho AB, Machado LFA. Prevalence and Molecular Epidemiology of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) Infection in People Living With HIV/AIDS in the Pará State, Amazon Region of Brazil. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:572381. [PMID: 33193170 PMCID: PMC7642294 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.572381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) is part of the group of retroviruses that share similar routes of transmission to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Coinfection of these viruses can affect the clinical course of both infections, and reports have shown a quicker progression to AIDS and the development of HIV-related opportunistic infections. The current study investigated the demographic characteristics, prevalence, and the subtypes of HTLV among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in the State of Pará, Northern Brazil. Blood samples were obtained from patients who were attending a reference unit that provides medical assistance to HIV-infected individuals in the State of Pará, Brazil, during the period of May 2016 to June 2017. Plasma samples were screened by ELISA tests to detect antibodies anti-HTLV-1/2. DNA and viral types were identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). All samples with viral DNA were submitted to nested PCR and nucleotide sequencing. The overall coinfection rate was 1.4% (5/368), and all samples were from subtype HTLV-1a. No cases of HTLV-2 infection were detected. The prevalence of HTLV-1 was higher in females (80%), individuals between 31 and 50 years of age, heterosexual, unmarried, with low monthly income, with secondary educational level or higher, sporadic condom usage, limited number of sexual partners, and no history of sexually transmitted infections. All samples from HTLV-1-infected patients were identified as strains belonging to the subtype 1a (Cosmopolitan), subgroup A (Transcontinental). This study identified that the prevalence of HIV/HTLV coinfection has dropped from 8 to 1.3% in the current investigation. There was a shift of HTLV subtype from a predominance of HTLV-2 infection in the past to an actual exclusively HTLV-1a. There was no significant association between economic, sociodemographic, and behavioral characteristics in HIV/HTLV coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Peixoto Alencar
- Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Marlinda de Carvalho Souza
- Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudia Ribeiro Menezes
- Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Vânia Nakauth Azevedo
- Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belem, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Souza Lima
- Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belem, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Luiz Fernando Almeida Machado
- Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belem, Brazil
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5
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Macêdo O, Freitas FB, Dos Reis RM, Bensabath G, Nunes HM, Siqueira JAM, Gabbay YB. Prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in an iron mining area with intense migratory flow in Pará State, Brazilian amazon, 2005-2014. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1737-1745. [PMID: 32892253 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00361-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major global public health problem. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of HIV-1 infection in four municipalities of Pará State (Marabá, Parauapebas, Curionópolis, and Canaã dos Carajás), in northern, Brazil. The municipalities are located in the Carajás Complex iron mining area. The employment opportunities result in extensive migratory flow of people. A total of 4771 serum samples were obtained from 2005 to 2014 and were sent to Evandro Chagas Institute, Belém-Pará, where they were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, with reactive samples confirmed by Western blot analysis. The samples were from individuals from 23 Brazilian states and the Federal District, mainly Maranhão (39.53%) and other municipalities of Pará (34.25%). The total positivity rate was 0.48% (23/4771). The rate was 0.47% (14/2975) in males and 0.50% (9/1796) in females. Of these, 0.33% (14/4275) were from asymptomatic individuals whose serum were collected during the serological survey, 1.81% (9/497) were from cases featuring clinical symptoms including fever/diarrhea/jaundice, which were included in febrile, diarrheal, and icteric syndromes analyzed during the study. The findings indicated the presence of HIV-1 infection in the general population studied. The majority of cases (60.9%, 14 of 23 positive cases) were asymptomatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olinda Macêdo
- Seção de Virologia/Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Rodovia BR-316 km 7 s/n, Levilândia,, Ananindeua, Pará, 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Felipe Bonfim Freitas
- Seção de Virologia/Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Rodovia BR-316 km 7 s/n, Levilândia,, Ananindeua, Pará, 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Raimundo Macedo Dos Reis
- Seção de Virologia/Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Rodovia BR-316 km 7 s/n, Levilândia,, Ananindeua, Pará, 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Gilberta Bensabath
- Seção de Hepatologia /Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde,, Rodovia BR-316 Km 7 s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua, Pará, 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Marciliano Nunes
- Seção de Hepatologia /Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde,, Rodovia BR-316 Km 7 s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua, Pará, 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Jones Anderson Monteiro Siqueira
- Seção de Virologia/Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Rodovia BR-316 km 7 s/n, Levilândia,, Ananindeua, Pará, 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Yvone Benchimol Gabbay
- Seção de Virologia/Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Rodovia BR-316 km 7 s/n, Levilândia,, Ananindeua, Pará, 67030-000, Brazil.
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6
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Frade PC, Raiol NC, da Costa LM, Pinheiro LM, Silva-Oliveira GC, Pinho JR, Lemos JA, Martins LC, Oliveira-Filho AB. Prevalence and genotyping of hepatitis B virus: a cross-sectional study conducted with female sex workers in the Marajó Archipelago, Brazil. Int J STD AIDS 2019; 30:902-910. [PMID: 31226914 DOI: 10.1177/0956462419849252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In South America, the Amazon basin is considered an endemic area of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, epidemiological studies with vulnerable groups are scarce. Female sex workers (FSWs) are highly vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections due to a combination of their sexual behavior and socio-economic conditions. Thus, this study investigated the prevalence of HBV infections and HBV–hepatitis C virus, HBV–hepatitis D virus, HBV–HIV, and HBV–human T-lymphotropic virus co-infections among FSWs in the Marajó Archipelago, northern Brazil, as well as identifying the HBV genotypes circulating in this population. A total of 153 FSWs in 5 towns and 18 riverside communities were included in the study. The HBV infection and co-infections were diagnosed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The HBV genotypes were detected by sequencing and were then analyzed phylogenetically. Most of the FSWs surveyed were single, young, heterosexual, and born locally, with low levels of education. Overall, 21 (13.7%) had been exposed to HBV, and HBV-DNA was detected in 13 (8.5%). Genotypes A (69.2%), D (23.1%), and F (7.7%) were detected. Seven cases of co-infections with other viruses were detected. These findings indicate a clear need for urgent measures to control the spread of HBV and other pathogens, and to promote the health of the local FSWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Cr Frade
- 1 Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Populações Vulneráveis, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, Brazil.,2 Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Mulher e da Criança, Hospital Santo Antonio Maria Zaccaria, Bragança, Brazil.,3 Núcleo de Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Nairis C Raiol
- 1 Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Populações Vulneráveis, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, Brazil
| | - Luana M da Costa
- 1 Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Populações Vulneráveis, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, Brazil.,2 Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Mulher e da Criança, Hospital Santo Antonio Maria Zaccaria, Bragança, Brazil.,3 Núcleo de Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ml Pinheiro
- 4 Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas, Campus do Marajó - Soure, Universidade Federal do Pará, Soure, Brazil
| | - Gláucia C Silva-Oliveira
- 1 Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Populações Vulneráveis, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, Brazil
| | - João Rr Pinho
- 5 Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Ar Lemos
- 6 Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Luísa C Martins
- 2 Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Mulher e da Criança, Hospital Santo Antonio Maria Zaccaria, Bragança, Brazil.,3 Núcleo de Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Aldemir B Oliveira-Filho
- 1 Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Populações Vulneráveis, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, Brazil.,2 Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Mulher e da Criança, Hospital Santo Antonio Maria Zaccaria, Bragança, Brazil
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7
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de Aguiar SA, de Souza França SA, Santana BB, Santos MB, Freitas FB, Ferreira G, Cayres-Vallinoto I, Ishak MOG, Ishak R, Vallinoto ACR. Human T-lymphotropic virus 1aA circulation and risk factors for sexually transmitted infections in an Amazon geographic area with lowest human development index (Marajó Island, Northern Brazil). BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:758. [PMID: 29216835 PMCID: PMC5721473 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2859-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence of infection with human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) in a population from the municipalities of Anajás, Chaves, São Sebastião da Boa Vista (SSBV) and Portel in the Marajó Archipelago and correlated these data with the epidemiological characteristics of the study population. METHODS A total of 1899 biological samples were evaluated. The samples were screened for the presence of anti-HTLV antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and infection was confirmed using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR and nucleotide sequencing. RESULTS Eleven samples (0.58%) were seropositive for HTLV, but molecular analysis confirmed positivity in only two samples (0.11%). Nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the two samples positive for HTLV-1 that were isolated in Chaves belonged to the Cosmopolitan subtype 1 (HTLV-1a) and Transcontinental subgroup (A). CONCLUSION Our results confirmed the presence of Cosmopolitan Transcontinental HTLV-1 in the Marajó Archipelago, Amazon region, and the majority of the population revealed a lack of knowledge about sexually transmitted infections, which increases the risk of dissemination of HTLV and other agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Assis de Aguiar
- Federal University of Pará, Institute of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Virology, Professor José da Silveira Netto Campus, Rua Augusto Correa s/no., Guama, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Samires Avelino de Souza França
- Federal University of Pará, Institute of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Virology, Professor José da Silveira Netto Campus, Rua Augusto Correa s/no., Guama, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Barbara Brasil Santana
- Federal University of Pará, Institute of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Virology, Professor José da Silveira Netto Campus, Rua Augusto Correa s/no., Guama, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Mike Barbosa Santos
- Federal University of Pará, Institute of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Virology, Professor José da Silveira Netto Campus, Rua Augusto Correa s/no., Guama, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Felipe Bonfim Freitas
- Federal University of Pará, Institute of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Virology, Professor José da Silveira Netto Campus, Rua Augusto Correa s/no., Guama, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Glenda Ferreira
- Federal University of Pará, Institute of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Virology, Professor José da Silveira Netto Campus, Rua Augusto Correa s/no., Guama, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Izaura Cayres-Vallinoto
- Federal University of Pará, Institute of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Virology, Professor José da Silveira Netto Campus, Rua Augusto Correa s/no., Guama, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Marluísa O G Ishak
- Federal University of Pará, Institute of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Virology, Professor José da Silveira Netto Campus, Rua Augusto Correa s/no., Guama, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ishak
- Federal University of Pará, Institute of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Virology, Professor José da Silveira Netto Campus, Rua Augusto Correa s/no., Guama, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto
- Federal University of Pará, Institute of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Virology, Professor José da Silveira Netto Campus, Rua Augusto Correa s/no., Guama, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil.
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8
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Hepatitis C virus infection among illicit drug users in an archipelago of the Amazon. Arch Virol 2017; 163:617-622. [PMID: 29164400 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3656-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes acute and chronic liver disease and may lead to cirrhosis, liver failure or hepatocellular carcinoma. The behavior of illicit drug users (DUs) typically exposes them to risks of viral infection. In the Brazilian Amazon region, a number of studies have identified high rates of drug use among adolescents, and a high prevalence of HBV infection in DUs, disseminated by sexual and parenteral activities. However, the epidemiological scenario of HCV infection in the region is still poorly understood. This study determined the prevalence, genotypes, and risk factors for HCV infection among DUs of the Marajó Archipelago. This cross-sectional study collected samples and epidemiological information from DUs in 11 municipalities. The diagnosis was established by EIA and real-time PCR, and the samples were genotyped by multiplex real time PCR. The data were analyzed by simple and multiple logistical regression. In 466 DUs, 28.3% had anti-HCV antibodies, and 25.5% had HCV-RNA. In 92 injecting drug users, 88.0% had anti-HCV antibodies, and 80.4% had HCV-RNA. Genotypes 1 and 3 were detected, with three cases of mixed infections. The multivariate analysis indicated associations of HCV infection with age (≥ 35 years), tattoos, intravenous drug use, shared use of injection equipment, and the daily and long-term (> 3 years) use of illicit drugs. These findings will contribute to the development of effective measures for the prevention of HCV infection among Brazilian DUs, as well as its general population.
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9
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Silva HP, Piperata BA, Dufour DL. Human Biology of the Amazon. Ann Hum Biol 2017; 43:289-92. [PMID: 27282032 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2016.1197546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hilton P Silva
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde, Ambiente e Sociedade na Amazônia, Laboratório de Estudos Bioantropológicos em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Pará , Belém , PA , Brazil
| | - Barbara A Piperata
- b Department of Anthropology , The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Darna L Dufour
- c Department of Anthropology , University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder , CO , USA
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