1
|
Ramos Costa LG, Mercês Pinheiro AC, Cabral Miranda IP, de Farias AL, da Silva HP, de Campos Gomes F, Pascon Barbosa AM, da Luz Costa T, de Melo Neto JS. Aspects of Sexuality in Quilombola Communities' Young Adults in Eastern Brazilian Amazon. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:492. [PMID: 37366744 DOI: 10.3390/bs13060492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Quilombola communities are descended from African slaves who escaped in resistance to imperial rule in Brazil. Today, these communities suffer from inadequate health care and health promotion programs due to socioeconomic, geographic, and political factors. This generates greater vulnerability among these groups because they have limited information about prevention to improve their quality of life. This research aimed to analyze the sexuality of young quilombola adults and the impact on their quality of life through an observational, cross-sectional, quantitative study with descriptive and inferential analyses. Our study is the first to address these issues among quilombolas in the Eastern Amazon region. The participants were 79 individuals of both sexes, aged between 18 to 35 years, belonging to seven communities in the state of Pará. The questionnaires were designed to assess sexual behavior and satisfaction, values and beliefs about sexuality, prejudice regarding sexual and gender diversity, knowledge about sexually transmitted infections (STIs), beliefs about maternity, and quality of life. Women reported greater sexual dissatisfaction and lower quality of life than men. Men reported no dysfunctions; however, they were highly prejudiced towards sexual and gender diversity. Low education negatively impacts the health of quilombola populations, as knowledge about STIs and values and beliefs influence sexual behavior, exposing individuals to diseases. The research also confirms that, both among quilombolas and other groups, factors such as sexual satisfaction, values and beliefs about reproduction, and affectivity directly influence the quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aline Lobato de Farias
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Bethlehem 66050-160, PA, Brazil
| | - Hilton Pereira da Silva
- Institute of Philosophy and Human Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Bethlehem 66050-160, PA, Brazil
| | - Fabiana de Campos Gomes
- Research Unit in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Medical School of São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo 15090-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Angélica Mércia Pascon Barbosa
- Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, School of Philosophy and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Marília 01049-010, SP, Brazil
| | - Thalita da Luz Costa
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Bethlehem 66050-160, PA, Brazil
| | - João Simão de Melo Neto
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Bethlehem 66050-160, PA, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ancestry, diversity, and genetics of health-related traits in African-derived communities (quilombos) from Brazil. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:74. [PMID: 36867305 PMCID: PMC9982798 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-00999-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Brazilian quilombos are communities formed by enslaved Africans and their descendants all over the country during slavery and shortly after its abolition. Quilombos harbor a great fraction of the largely unknown genetic diversity of the African diaspora in Brazil. Thus, genetic studies in quilombos have the potential to provide important insights not only into the African roots of the Brazilian population but also into the genetic bases of complex traits and human adaptation to diverse environments. This review summarizes the main results of genetic studies performed on quilombos so far. Here, we analyzed the patterns of African, Amerindian, European, and subcontinental ancestry (within Africa) of quilombos from the five different geographic regions of Brazil. In addition, uniparental markers (from the mtDNA and the Y chromosome) studies are analyzed together to reveal demographic processes and sex-biased admixture that occurred during the formation of these unique populations. Lastly, the prevalence of known malaria-adaptive African mutations and other African-specific variants discovered in quilombos, as well as the genetic bases of health-related traits, are discussed here, together with their implication for the health of populations of African descent.
Collapse
|
3
|
Paiva SG, Rivara AC, de Castro Nóbrega M, de Cesare Parmesan Toledo R, de Nazaré Klautau‐Guimarães M, Madrigal L, de Oliveira SF. Cardiovascular risk factors across different levels of urbanization in Brazilian Afro‐derived communities (
quilombos
). Am J Hum Biol 2022; 35:e23839. [PMID: 36426735 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The frequency of cardiovascular diseases has increased throughout the world. People of African descent have been disproportionately affected, particularly if they reside in urban settings. In this work, we evaluate risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and other chronic diseases in rural and urban Afro-derived communities (quilombo) in Central Brazil. We also determine if there are associations between the frequency of CVD risk factors, sex, and proximity to urban environments. METHODS Through a cross-sectional study of participants (n = 347) within three Brazilian Afro-derived communities: Kalunga (a semi-isolated rural community; n = 214), Cocalinho (a non-isolated rural village; n = 70), and Pé do Morro (an urban community; n = 63), we collected data regarding chronic disease (i.e., CVD, diabetes, and hypertension) risk through questionnaires, anthropometrics, blood pressure, and blood samples using standard protocols. Differences between variables were tested by the Chi-square test of Pearson and Fisher's Exact Test, independent sample t-tests, analysis of variances, and Kruskal-Wallis tests (p ≤ .05). RESULTS The prevalence of hypertension, overweight, obesity, and other cardiovascular risk factors were higher in the non-isolated rural and urban communities than in the semi-isolated rural community. We found significant sex differences in the distribution of the CVD risk factors, with all occurring at a higher frequency among females. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that Brazilian Afro-derived communities are currently going through an epidemiological transition. The urban lifestyle and its environmental factors are likely contributing to an escalation in cardio-metabolic disease risk. However, the magnitude of this transition differentially impacts the sexes, as females suffer a higher frequency of risk factors compared to males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Guimarães Paiva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade de Brasília Brasília Distrito Federal Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Tocantins Araguaína Tocantins Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação (Mestrado) em Demandas Populares e Dinâmicas Regionais (PPGDire) Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins Araguaína Tocantins Brazil
| | - Anna C. Rivara
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Matheus de Castro Nóbrega
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade de Brasília Brasília Distrito Federal Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | | | | | - Lorena Madrigal
- Department of Anthropology University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Valdez Fernández AL, Fernández-Silva CA, Bittner Hofmann CX, Mancilla Mancilla CR. Aproximaciones al concepto de vulnerabilidad desde la bioética: una revisión integradora. PERSONA Y BIOÉTICA 2022. [DOI: 10.5294/pebi.2021.25.2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Para dar cuenta de la revisión integradora de literatura sobre el concepto de vulnerabilidad desde la bioética se analizó un corpus de 60 artículos publicados en español, inglés y portugués. Esto permitió identificar las tendencias temáticas: riesgo, susceptibilidad, autonomía y cultura en personas y comunidades; la aproximación metodológica ha sido mayormente desde un enfoque cualitativo; las disciplinas que más abordaron el concepto pertenecen a las ciencias humanas y sociales; los autores recomiendan realizar estudios del concepto desde la perspectiva de las personas y que los comités de ética revisen el consentimiento informado y las guías de información de acuerdo con estos resultados. Las categorías dan paso al concepto de vulnerabilidades, que en la bioética debe ser analizado más allá del principialismo.
Collapse
|
5
|
Silva TCD, Martins Neto C, Carvalho CAD, Viola PCDAF, Rodrigues LDS, Oliveira BLCAD. Risco nutricional e cardiovascular em idosos quilombolas. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2022; 27:219-230. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232022271.30132020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar o risco nutricional e cardiovascular segundo medidas antropométricas em idosos quilombolas do estado do Maranhão. Trata-se de estudo transversal realizado em 11 comunidades remanescentes de quilombolas do município de Bequimão, Maranhão, Brasil. Realizou-se censo da população idosa que representou 205 pessoas. Foram estimados os riscos nutricional e cardiovascular por meio dos indicadores antropométricos segundo sexo e idade. Realizou-se Testes de Qui-quadrado de Pearson ou Exacto de Fisher e análises de variância. Diferenças foram consideradas estatisticamente significantes quando p<0,05. Idosos quilombolas vivem em precárias condições de moradia e de infraestrutura sanitária, com elevado risco nutricional e cardiovascular, mas com diferenças entre sexo e idade. O excesso de peso foi mais prevalente em mulheres e idosos mais jovens, enquanto os homens e idosos com 80 ou mais anos apresentaram-se mais desnutridos e com maior perda de massa corporal. O risco cardiovascular foi maior entre as mulheres e em todas as faixas etárias. Idosos quilombolas vivem em vulnerabilidade socioeconômica e apresentaram alta prevalência de baixo peso, perda de massa muscular e alto risco cardiovascular, sendo maior risco entre mulheres e idosos do grupo de maior idade.
Collapse
|
6
|
Silva IFSD, Rodrigues ILA, Nogueira LMV, Pereira da Silva H, Palmeira IP. Representações sociais do cuidado em saúde por mulheres quilombolas. ESCOLA ANNA NERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/2177-9465-ean-2021-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivo Analisar as representações sociais de mulheres quilombolas sobre o cuidado em saúde. Método consiste em um estudo descritivo, qualitativo, realizado entre novembro de 2017 e janeiro de 2018 na comunidade quilombola Abacatal/Aurá, em Ananindeua, cidade brasileira do estado do Pará. Participaram 30 mulheres que vivenciavam o cuidado em saúde. Os dados foram produzidos a partir de entrevistas individuais, submetidos à Análise Temática e discutidos à luz da Teoria das Representações Sociais. Resultados as representações foram organizadas em três dimensões: afetiva, a mais representativa, em que se ancoraram relações de afeto e sentimentos; social, na qual o cuidado foi apreendido como prática inerente à mulher; e biológica, sendo o cuidado compreendido como cuidados gerais de prevenção e tratamento de doenças. Conclusões e implicações para a prática as representações do cuidado em saúde evidenciaram forte carga afetiva, denotando um sentido de preservação da vida e do ambiente, identificando com o cuidado o gênero feminino e, ainda que de forma minoritária, revelando hábitos e ações higienistas referendadas pelo discurso técnico-científico entrelaçado com os saberes tradicionais. Esses aspectos trazem singularidades que devem ser consideradas pela enfermagem, uma vez que esta atua com o cuidado integral à saúde dos indivíduos e seus respectivos grupos e (re)produz esse cuidado.
Collapse
|
7
|
Maciel Salazar GK, Saturnino Cristino J, Vilhena Silva-Neto A, Seabra Farias A, Alcântara JA, Azevedo Machado V, Murta F, Souza Sampaio V, Val F, Sachett A, Bernarde PS, Lacerda M, Hui Wen F, Monteiro W, Sachett J. Snakebites in "Invisible Populations": A cross-sectional survey in riverine populations in the remote western Brazilian Amazon. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009758. [PMID: 34499643 PMCID: PMC8454940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Brazilian Amazon, long distances, low healthcare coverage, common use of ineffective or deleterious self-care practices, and resistance to seeking medical assistance have an impact on access to antivenom treatment. This study aimed to estimate snakebite underreporting, and analyze barriers that prevent victims from obtaining healthcare in communities located in 15 municipalities on the banks of the Solimões, Juruá and Purus Rivers, in the remote Western Brazilian Amazon. Information on the participants' demographics, previous snakebites, access to healthcare, time taken to reach medical assistance, use of self-care practices, and the reason for not accessing healthcare were collected through semi-structured interviews. In the case of deaths, information was collected by interviewing parents, relatives or acquaintances. A total of 172 participants who reported having suffered snakebites during their lifetime were interviewed. A total of 73 different treatment procedures was reported by 65.1% of the participants. Participants living in different river basins share few self-care procedures that use traditional medicine, and 91 (52.9%) participants reported that they had access to healthcare. Living in communities along the Juruá River [OR = 12.6 (95% CI = 3.2-49.7; p<0.001)] and the use of traditional medicine [OR = 11.6 (95% CI = 3.4-39.8; p<0.001)] were variables that were independently associated to the lack of access to healthcare. The main reasons for not accessing healthcare were the pprioritization of traditional treatments (70.4%), and the failure to recognize the situation as being potentially severe (50.6%). Four deaths from complications arising from the snakebite were reported, and three of these were from communities on the banks of the Juruá River. Only one of these received medical assistance. We found an unexpectedly high underreporting of snakebite cases and associated deaths. Snakebite victims utilized three main different healing systems: 1) self-care using miscellaneous techniques; 2) official medical healthcare generally combined with traditional practices; and 3) self-care using traditional practices combined with Western medicines. To mitigate snakebite burden in the Brazilian Amazon, an innovative intervention that would optimize timely delivery of care, including antivenom distribution among existing community healthcare centers, is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Kemeron Maciel Salazar
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Joseir Saturnino Cristino
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Vilhena Silva-Neto
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Altair Seabra Farias
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - João Arthur Alcântara
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Murta
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Vanderson Souza Sampaio
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Sala de Análise de Situação em Saúde, Fundação de Vigilância em Saúde do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Fernando Val
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - André Sachett
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Marcus Lacerda
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto Leônidas & Maria Deane, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Fan Hui Wen
- Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wuelton Monteiro
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Sachett
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Alfredo da Matta, Manaus, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Arrifano GP, Alvarez-Leite JI, Macchi BM, Campos NFSS, Augusto-Oliveira M, Santos-Sacramento L, Lopes-Araújo A, Souza-Monteiro JR, Alburquerque-Santos R, do Nascimento JLM, Santos S, Ribeiro-dos-Santos Â, Oriá RB, Crespo-Lopez ME. Living in the Southern Hemisphere: Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Amazonian Riverine Populations. J Clin Med 2021; 10:3630. [PMID: 34441925 PMCID: PMC8396977 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) epidemic is a global challenge. Although developing countries (including Brazil, India, and South Africa) present a higher proportion of deaths by cardiovascular diseases than developed countries, most of our knowledge is from these developed countries. Amazonian riverine populations (ARP), as well as other vulnerable populations of the Southern Hemisphere, share low-income and traditional practices, among other features. This large cross-sectional study of ARP (n = 818) shows high prevalence of hypertension (51%) and obesity (23%). MetS was diagnosed in 38% of participants (especially in women and 60-69 years-old individuals) without the influence of ancestry. Only 7-8% of adults had no cardio-metabolic abnormalities related to MetS. Atherogenic dyslipidemia (low HDL-cholesterol) was generally observed, including in individuals without MetS. Still, slight differences were detected between settings with a clear predominance of hypertension in Tucuruí. Hypotheses on possible genetic influence and factors (nutrition transition and environmental pollutants -mercury) are proposed for future studies. Moreover, a roadmap to MetS progression based on the most prevalent components is provided for the development of tailored interventions in the Amazon (initially, individuals would present low HDL-cholesterol levels, later progressing to increased blood pressure characterizing hypertension, and ultimately reaching MetS with obesity). Our alarming results support the need to improve our knowledge on these vulnerable populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela P. Arrifano
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (G.P.A.); (N.F.S.S.C.); (M.A.-O.); (L.S.-S.); (A.L.-A.); (R.A.-S.)
| | - Jacqueline I. Alvarez-Leite
- Laboratório de Aterosclerose e Bioquímica Nutricional, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30161-970, Brazil;
| | - Barbarella M. Macchi
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (B.M.M.); (J.L.M.d.N.)
| | - Núbia F. S. S. Campos
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (G.P.A.); (N.F.S.S.C.); (M.A.-O.); (L.S.-S.); (A.L.-A.); (R.A.-S.)
| | - Marcus Augusto-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (G.P.A.); (N.F.S.S.C.); (M.A.-O.); (L.S.-S.); (A.L.-A.); (R.A.-S.)
| | - Letícia Santos-Sacramento
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (G.P.A.); (N.F.S.S.C.); (M.A.-O.); (L.S.-S.); (A.L.-A.); (R.A.-S.)
| | - Amanda Lopes-Araújo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (G.P.A.); (N.F.S.S.C.); (M.A.-O.); (L.S.-S.); (A.L.-A.); (R.A.-S.)
| | | | - Raquel Alburquerque-Santos
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (G.P.A.); (N.F.S.S.C.); (M.A.-O.); (L.S.-S.); (A.L.-A.); (R.A.-S.)
| | - José Luiz M. do Nascimento
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (B.M.M.); (J.L.M.d.N.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá 68903-419, Brazil
| | - Sidney Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (S.S.); (Â.R.-d.-S.)
| | - Ândrea Ribeiro-dos-Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (S.S.); (Â.R.-d.-S.)
| | - Reinaldo B. Oriá
- Laboratório de Biologia da Cicatrização, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-160, Brazil;
| | - Maria Elena Crespo-Lopez
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (G.P.A.); (N.F.S.S.C.); (M.A.-O.); (L.S.-S.); (A.L.-A.); (R.A.-S.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tallman PS, Valdes-Velasquez A, Sanchez-Samaniego G. The "Double Burden of Malnutrition" in the Amazon: dietary change and drastic increases in obesity and anemia over 40 years among the Awajún. Ecol Food Nutr 2021; 61:20-42. [PMID: 33900136 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2021.1916925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Undernutrition and overnutrition are interconnected. Yet few studies have examined the "double burden of malnutrition" (DBM) over time in indigenous communities. We investigated changes in the food systems and nutritional health of Awajún communities in the Peruvian Amazon in the 1970s and in 2013. Methods included ethnography, 24 hr food recalls, and biological measures. In 2013, the number of traditional foods consumed decreased to 10% of levels in the 1970s and the number of market foods consumed increased 40-fold. Rates of anemia and obesity were also substantially higher in 2013 compared to the 1970s (23% vs 6% for anemia and 30% vs. 0% for obesity) indicating a DBM has emerged. Examining the predictors of hemoglobin levels and body mass indices in the 2013 sample reveals that this DBM is differentially impacting women and that risk for obesity among the Awajún is associated with multiple proxies of market integration beyond just the consumption of market foods. These findings highlight the complex pathways by which rapid lifestyle changes are creating gendered health inequalities within indigenous communities over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula S Tallman
- Department of Anthropology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,The Field Museum of Natural History, Keller Science Action Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Armando Valdes-Velasquez
- Laboratory of EcoHealth & Urban Ecology, School of Sciences and Philosophy,Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Giuliana Sanchez-Samaniego
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lea AJ, Martins D, Kamau J, Gurven M, Ayroles JF. Urbanization and market integration have strong, nonlinear effects on cardiometabolic health in the Turkana. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb1430. [PMID: 33087362 PMCID: PMC7577730 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The "mismatch" between evolved human physiology and Western lifestyles is thought to explain the current epidemic of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in industrialized societies. However, this hypothesis has been difficult to test because few populations concurrently span ancestral and modern lifestyles. To address this gap, we collected interview and biomarker data from individuals of Turkana ancestry who practice subsistence-level, nomadic pastoralism (the ancestral way of life for this group), as well as individuals who no longer practice pastoralism and live in urban areas. We found that Turkana who move to cities exhibit poor cardiometabolic health, partially because of a shift toward "Western diets" high in refined carbohydrates. We also show that being born in an urban area independently predicts adult health, such that life-long city dwellers will experience the greatest CVD risk. By focusing on a substantial lifestyle gradient, our work thus informs the timing, magnitude, and evolutionary causes of CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Lea
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Dino Martins
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, Kenya
| | - Joseph Kamau
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Julien F Ayroles
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
De Lima ACB, Brondízio E, Nardoto GB, Do Nascimento ACS. Conditional Cash Transfers in the Amazon: From the Nutrition Transition to Complex Dietary Behavior Change. Ecol Food Nutr 2019; 59:130-153. [PMID: 31630556 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2019.1678032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition transition theory describes a progressive substitution of local staples for industrialized processed foods in local diets, a process documented diversely across world regions, and increasingly observed in rural areas of the global south. Here we examine the role of conditional cash transfer programs, in particular the emblematic Brazilian Bolsa Família (BFP), in driving nutritional transition in rural areas of the Amazon. Based on ethnographic research with both participating and nonparticipating women in the Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve (SDR), our analysis integrates Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ), seasonal 24-hour food intake recalls, and stable isotope ratios in fingernails to examine dietary behavioral change. Contrary to dietary changes observed elsewhere in the Amazon, participation in the BFP is not associated with a significant substitution of local staples for industrialized processed foods in Amanã. While an increase in the consumption of some industrialized foods was observed, it has been selective and it has not changed the structure of diets. Factors such as social and cultural value of local staples, resident's involvement with the SDR, their relationship with lake and upland forest and agricultural environments, and limited market access have buffered the expansion of industrialized processed foods as observed elsewhere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Barbosa De Lima
- Center for Advanced Amazonian Studies (NAEA), Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Center for the Analysis of Social-Ecological Landscapes (CASEL), Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Eduardo Brondízio
- Center for the Analysis of Social-Ecological Landscapes (CASEL), Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.,Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Ana Claudeise Silva Do Nascimento
- Research Group in Livelihoods of Riverine Populations and Public Policy, Mamirauá Institute for Sustainable Development, Tefé, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Njuieyon F, Cuadro-Alvarez E, Martin E, Lachaume N, Mrsic Y, Henaff F, Maniassom C, Defo A, Elenga N. Mother's obesity and high child's waist circumference are predictive factors of severe child's obesity: an observational study in French Guiana. BMC Pediatr 2018; 18:188. [PMID: 29885650 PMCID: PMC5994247 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-1158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to describe the predictive factors of severe obesity in children followed in French Guiana. Methods In this observational study, the patients from the French Guianese Childhood Obesity Group database were prospectively included, after giving a statement of patient’s non opposition. Results Our group classifications revealed that 36 of 150 (24%) participants were classified as being metabolically abnormal obesity“ (MAO), while 114 of 150 (76%) were categorized as metabolically normal obesity” (MNO). MAO-patients were older. Their mothers had more severe obesity. We also observed that their systolic blood pressure was higher. The median Z-score BMI of children with MAO was 4, 9 [4, 05–5, 38], which shows a more obese condition than the MNO group. The median waist-to-height ratio (WTHR) of our study population was high, either 0.63 [0.54–0.59]. No significant differences in the term of pregnancy, father’s obesity, gender, birth weight, feeding, diastolic blood pressure and WTHR were found between the two groups. The predictors of MAO status, after adjusting for age and sex, were mother’s obesity and high child’s waist circumference. Among the comorbidity, there were two Down syndrome, one Cornelia de Lange syndrome, one Nephrotic Syndrome and one Epilepsy. The leptin hormone and insulin levels were higher in MAO than in MNO, while 25-OH D-vitamin was higher in MNO. Conclusion This study indicates the need to incorporate waist circumference into routine clinical practice, in addition to traditional measures of weight, height, body mass index and waist-to-height ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Falucar Njuieyon
- Department of Pediatric Medicine and Surgery, Cayenne Hospital, Rue des flamboyants, BP 6006, 97306, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Emma Cuadro-Alvarez
- Department of Pediatric Medicine and Surgery, Cayenne Hospital, Rue des flamboyants, BP 6006, 97306, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Elise Martin
- Department of Pediatric Medicine and Surgery, Cayenne Hospital, Rue des flamboyants, BP 6006, 97306, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Noémie Lachaume
- Department of Pediatric Medicine and Surgery, Cayenne Hospital, Rue des flamboyants, BP 6006, 97306, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Yajaira Mrsic
- Department of Pediatric Medicine and Surgery, Cayenne Hospital, Rue des flamboyants, BP 6006, 97306, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Fanny Henaff
- Department of Pediatric Medicine and Surgery, Cayenne Hospital, Rue des flamboyants, BP 6006, 97306, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Chimène Maniassom
- Department of Pediatric Medicine and Surgery, Cayenne Hospital, Rue des flamboyants, BP 6006, 97306, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Antoine Defo
- Department of Pediatric Medicine and Surgery, Cayenne Hospital, Rue des flamboyants, BP 6006, 97306, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Narcisse Elenga
- Department of Pediatric Medicine and Surgery, Cayenne Hospital, Rue des flamboyants, BP 6006, 97306, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana. .,Department of Pediatric Medicine and Surgery, Regional Hospital, Rue des Flamboyants BP 6006, 97306, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abadio Finco FD, Finco MV, Graeve L. Prevalence and associated factors of overweight in adults of rural Brazilian Amazonia. NFS JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
14
|
Tian C, Xu S, Wang H, Wang W, Shen H. Prevalence of pre-high blood pressure and high blood pressure among non-overweight children and adolescents using international blood pressure references in developed regions in China. Ann Hum Biol 2017; 44:574-577. [PMID: 28412868 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2017.1318952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of data on the prevalence of pre-high blood pressure (PreHBP) and high blood pressure (HBP), based on recent international blood pressure references, in non-overweight children and adolescents. AIM To describe the prevalence of PreHBP and HBP in non-overweight children and adolescents in developed regions of China. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In total, 588 097 non-overweight children and adolescents aged 6-17 years from the National Surveys on Chinese Students' Constitution and Health in 2015 were included. RESULTS The prevalence of PreHBP was 13.41% and subjects in urban areas had a higher prevalence of PreHBP (14.14%) than those in rural areas (12.92%). Subjects in regions with a high (13.56%) or moderate (13.61%) socioeconomic status showed a higher prevalence of PreHBP than those in regions with a relatively low socioeconomic status (12.76%). A similar pattern was found for the prevalence of HBP, and the prevalence of HBP was 18.25% for all participants, 20.55% for subjects in urban areas, 16.71% in rural areas, 18.76% in high socioeconomic areas, 18.62% in moderate socioeconomic areas and 16.70% in relatively low socioeconomic areas. CONCLUSION A large proportion of non-overweight children and adolescents had elevated blood pressure and there were urban-rural and socioeconomic disparities in the prevalence of elevated blood pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Tian
- a Kunshan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Suzhou , Jiangsu , PR China
| | - Shuang Xu
- a Kunshan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Suzhou , Jiangsu , PR China
| | - Hua Wang
- a Kunshan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Suzhou , Jiangsu , PR China
| | - Wenming Wang
- a Kunshan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Suzhou , Jiangsu , PR China
| | - Hui Shen
- b Suzhou Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Suzhou , Jiangsu , PR China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Silva HP, Piperata BA, Dufour DL. Human Biology of the Amazon. Ann Hum Biol 2017; 43:289-92. [PMID: 27282032 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2016.1197546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hilton P Silva
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde, Ambiente e Sociedade na Amazônia, Laboratório de Estudos Bioantropológicos em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Pará , Belém , PA , Brazil
| | - Barbara A Piperata
- b Department of Anthropology , The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Darna L Dufour
- c Department of Anthropology , University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder , CO , USA
| |
Collapse
|