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Marino C, Journiac L, Liu C, Jeschke JM, Bellard C. The anthropocene biogeography of alien birds on islands: Drivers of their functional and phylogenetic diversities. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14465. [PMID: 38934685 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
A branch of island biogeography has emerged to explain alien species diversity in the light of the biogeographic and anthropogenic context, yet overlooking the functional and phylogenetic facets. Evaluating alien and native birds of 407 oceanic islands worldwide, we built structural equation models to assess the direct and indirect influence of biotic, geographic, and anthropogenic contexts on alien functional diversity (FD) and phylogenetic diversity (PD). We found that alien taxonomic richness was the main predictor of both diversities. Anthropogenic factors, including colonization pressure, associated with classic biogeographical variables also strongly influenced alien FD and PD. Specifically, habitat modification and human connectivity markedly drove alien FD, especially when controlled by taxonomic richness, whereas the human population size, gross domestic product, and native PD were crucial at explaining alien PD. Our findings suggest that humans not only shape taxonomic richness but also other facets of alien diversity in a complex way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Marino
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- FRB-Cesab, Montpellier, France
| | - Lysandre Journiac
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Chunlong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jonathan M Jeschke
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Céline Bellard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Allen K, Bellingham PJ, Richardson SJ, Allen RB, Burrows LE, Carswell FE, Husheer SW, St John MG, Peltzer DA. Long-term exclusion of invasive ungulates alters tree recruitment and functional traits but not total forest carbon. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2836. [PMID: 36890426 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Forests are major carbon (C) sinks, but their ability to sequester C and thus mitigate climate change, varies with the environment, disturbance regime, and biotic interactions. Herbivory by invasive, nonnative ungulates can have profound ecosystem effects, yet its consequences for forest C stocks remain poorly understood. We determined the impact of invasive ungulates on C pools, both above- and belowground (to 30 cm), and on forest structure and diversity using 26 paired long-term (>20 years) ungulate exclosures and adjacent unfenced control plots located in native temperate rainforests across New Zealand, spanning 36-41° S. Total ecosystem C was similar between ungulate exclosure (299.93 ± 25.94 Mg C ha-1 ) and unfenced control (324.60 ± 38.39 Mg C ha-1 ) plots. Most (60%) variation in total ecosystem C was explained by the biomass of the largest tree (mean diameter at breast height [dbh]: 88 cm) within each plot. Ungulate exclusion increased the abundance and diversity of saplings and small trees (dbh ≥2.5, <10 cm) compared with unfenced controls, but these accounted for ~5% of total ecosystem C, demonstrating that a few, large trees dominate the total forest ecosystem C but are unaffected by invasive ungulates at a timescale of 20-50 years. However, changes in understory C pools, species composition, and functional diversity did occur following long-term ungulate exclusion. Our findings suggest that, although the removal of invasive herbivores may not affect total forest C at the decadal scale, major shifts in the diversity and composition of regenerating species will have longer term consequences for ecosystem processes and forest C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Allen
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Peter J Bellingham
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Robert B Allen
- Independent Researcher, 8 Roblyn Place, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Larry E Burrows
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Fiona E Carswell
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Sean W Husheer
- New Zealand Forest Surveys Limited, Hastings Aerodrome, Hawkes Bay, New Zealand
| | - Mark G St John
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Duane A Peltzer
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand
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Alcalá Briseño RI, Batuman O, Brawner J, Cuellar WJ, Delaquis E, Etherton BA, French-Monar RD, Kreuze JF, Navarrete I, Ogero K, Plex Sulá AI, Yilmaz S, Garrett KA. Translating virome analyses to support biosecurity, on-farm management, and crop breeding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1056603. [PMID: 36998684 PMCID: PMC10043385 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1056603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Virome analysis via high-throughput sequencing (HTS) allows rapid and massive virus identification and diagnoses, expanding our focus from individual samples to the ecological distribution of viruses in agroecological landscapes. Decreases in sequencing costs combined with technological advances, such as automation and robotics, allow for efficient processing and analysis of numerous samples in plant disease clinics, tissue culture laboratories, and breeding programs. There are many opportunities for translating virome analysis to support plant health. For example, virome analysis can be employed in the development of biosecurity strategies and policies, including the implementation of virome risk assessments to support regulation and reduce the movement of infected plant material. A challenge is to identify which new viruses discovered through HTS require regulation and which can be allowed to move in germplasm and trade. On-farm management strategies can incorporate information from high-throughput surveillance, monitoring for new and known viruses across scales, to rapidly identify important agricultural viruses and understand their abundance and spread. Virome indexing programs can be used to generate clean germplasm and seed, crucial for the maintenance of seed system production and health, particularly in vegetatively propagated crops such as roots, tubers, and bananas. Virome analysis in breeding programs can provide insight into virus expression levels by generating relative abundance data, aiding in breeding cultivars resistant, or at least tolerant, to viruses. The integration of network analysis and machine learning techniques can facilitate designing and implementing management strategies, using novel forms of information to provide a scalable, replicable, and practical approach to developing management strategies for viromes. In the long run, these management strategies will be designed by generating sequence databases and building on the foundation of pre-existing knowledge about virus taxonomy, distribution, and host range. In conclusion, virome analysis will support the early adoption and implementation of integrated control strategies, impacting global markets, reducing the risk of introducing novel viruses, and limiting virus spread. The effective translation of virome analysis depends on capacity building to make benefits available globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo I. Alcalá Briseño
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Global Food Systems Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Plant Pathology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Ozgur Batuman
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Southwest Florida Research and Education Center (SWFREC), Immokalee, FL, United States
| | - Jeremy Brawner
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Wilmer J. Cuellar
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Erik Delaquis
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Vientiane, Laos
| | - Berea A. Etherton
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Global Food Systems Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | - Jan F. Kreuze
- Crop and System Sciences Division, International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru
| | - Israel Navarrete
- Crop and System Sciences Division, International Potato Center (CIP), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Kwame Ogero
- Crop and System Sciences Division, International Potato Center (CIP), Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Aaron I. Plex Sulá
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Global Food Systems Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Salih Yilmaz
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Southwest Florida Research and Education Center (SWFREC), Immokalee, FL, United States
| | - Karen A. Garrett
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Global Food Systems Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Bodey TW, Carter ZT, Haubrock PJ, Cuthbert RN, Welsh MJ, Diagne C, Courchamp F. Building a synthesis of economic costs of biological invasions in New Zealand. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13580. [PMID: 35990909 PMCID: PMC9387519 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological invasions are a major component of anthropogenic environmental change, incurring substantial economic costs across all sectors of society and ecosystems. There have been recent syntheses of costs for a number of countries using the newly compiled InvaCost database, but New Zealand-a country renowned for its approach to invasive species management-has so far not been examined. Here we analyse reported economic damage and management costs incurred by biological invasions in New Zealand from 1968 to 2020. In total, US$69 billion (NZ$97 billion) is currently reported over this ∼50-year period, with approximately US$9 billion of this considered highly reliable, observed (c.f. projected) costs. Most (82%) of these observed economic costs are associated with damage, with comparatively little invested in management (18%). Reported costs are increasing over time, with damage averaging US$120 million per year and exceeding management expenditure in all decades. Where specified, most reported costs are from terrestrial plants and animals, with damages principally borne by primary industries such as agriculture and forestry. Management costs are more often associated with interventions by authorities and stakeholders. Relative to other countries present in the InvaCost database, New Zealand was found to spend considerably more than expected from its Gross Domestic Product on pre- and post-invasion management costs. However, some known ecologically (c.f. economically) impactful invasive species are notably absent from estimated damage costs, and management costs are not reported for a number of game animals and agricultural pathogens. Given these gaps for known and potentially damaging invaders, we urge improved cost reporting at the national scale, including improving public accessibility through increased access and digitisation of records, particularly in overlooked socioeconomic sectors and habitats. This also further highlights the importance of investment in management to curtail future damages across all sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W. Bodey
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Zachary T. Carter
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Phillip J. Haubrock
- Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Gelnhausen, Germany,Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ross N. Cuthbert
- GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, Kiel, Germany,School of Biological Sciences, The Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | - Christophe Diagne
- CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Franck Courchamp
- CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
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Bellingham PJ, Arnst EA, Clarkson BD, Etherington TR, Forester LJ, Shaw WB, Sprague R, Wiser SK, Peltzer DA. The right tree in the right place? A major economic tree species poses major ecological threats. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTree species in the Pinaceae are some of the most widely introduced non-native tree species globally, especially in the southern hemisphere. In New Zealand, plantations of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) occupy c. 1.6 million ha and form 90% of planted forests. Although radiata pine has naturalized since 1904, there is a general view in New Zealand that this species has not invaded widely. We comprehensively review where radiata pine has invaded throughout New Zealand. We used a combination of observational data and climate niche modelling to reveal that invasion has occurred nationally. Climate niche modelling demonstrates that while current occurrences are patchy, up to 76% of the land area (i.e. 211,388 km2) is climatically capable of supporting populations. Radiata pine has mainly invaded grasslands and shrublands, but also some forests. Notably, it has invaded lower-statured vegetation, including three classes of naturally uncommon ecosystems, primary successions and secondary successions. Overall, our findings demonstrate pervasive and ongoing invasion of radiata pine outside plantations. The relatively high growth rates and per individual effects of radiata pine may result in strong effects on naturally uncommon ecosystems and may alter successional trajectories. Local and central government currently manage radiata pine invasions while propagule pressure from existing and new plantations grows, hence greater emphasis is warranted both on managing current invasions and proactively preventing future radiata pine invasions. We therefore recommend a levy on new non-native conifer plantations to offset costs of managing invasions, and stricter regulations to protect vulnerable ecosystems. A levy on economic uses of invasive species to offset costs of managing invasions alongside stricter regulations to protect vulnerable ecosystems could be a widely adopted measure to avert future negative impacts.
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Lucrezi S. Characterising potential participants in kelp monitoring in the recreational diving community: A comparative study of South Africa and New Zealand. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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History, impacts, and prospects for controlling a bevy of devastating invaders. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02395-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Towns DR, Daugherty CH, Broome K, Timmins S, Clout M. The thirty-year conservation revolution in New Zealand: an introduction. J R Soc N Z 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2019.1652192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David R. Towns
- Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Keith Broome
- Department of Conservation, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | - Mick Clout
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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