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Varsani A, Harrach B, Roumagnac P, Benkő M, Breitbart M, Delwart E, Franzo G, Kazlauskas D, Rosario K, Segalés J, Dunay E, Rukundo J, Goldberg TL, Fehér E, Kaszab E, Bányai K, Krupovic M. 2024 taxonomy update for the family Circoviridae. Arch Virol 2024; 169:176. [PMID: 39143430 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06107-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Circovirids have a circular single-stranded DNA genome packed into a small icosahedral capsid. They are classified within two genera, Circovirus and Cyclovirus, in the family Circoviridae (phylum Cressdnaviricota, class Arfiviricetes, order Cirlivirales). Over the last five years, a number of new circovirids have been identified, and, as a result, 54 new species have been created for their classification based on the previously established species demarcation criterion, namely, that viruses classified into different species share less than 80% genome-wide pairwise sequence identity. Of note, one of the newly created species includes a circovirus that was identified in human hepatocytes and suspected of causing liver damage. Furthermore, to comply with binomial species nomenclature, all new and previously recognized species have been (re)named in binomial format with a freeform epithet. Here, we provide a summary of the properties of circovirid genomes and their classification as of June 2024 (65 species in the genus Circovirus and 90 species in the genus Cyclovirus). Finally, we provide reference datasets of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences representing each of the officially recognized circovirid species to facilitate further classification of newly discovered members of the Circoviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5001, USA.
- Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Integrative, Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
| | - Balázs Harrach
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, 1143, Hungary
| | - Philippe Roumagnac
- CIRAD-UMR PHIM, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Mária Benkő
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, 1143, Hungary
| | - Mya Breitbart
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, Saint Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Eric Delwart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA
| | - Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), Università di Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Darius Kazlauskas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA
| | - Karyna Rosario
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, Saint Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emily Dunay
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Joshua Rukundo
- Ngamba Island Chimpanzee Sanctuary/Chimpanzee Trust, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Tony L Goldberg
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Enikő Fehér
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, 1143, Hungary
| | - Eszter Kaszab
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, 1143, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, 1143, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mart Krupovic
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Archaeal Virology Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France.
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Xu S, Mu X, Xu X, Ji J, Wang Y, Yao L, Xie Q, Bi Y. First report of goose circovirus identified in ducks from China. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103936. [PMID: 38909502 PMCID: PMC11254722 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Goose circovirus (GoCV) is a common pathogen that causes immunosuppression and promotes secondary infections with other infectious agents in geese worldwide. In the present study, we identified GoCV in 2 out of 93 duck flocks from China and successfully sequenced the complete genomes of 2 strains (AH22du and HN20du). The whole genome of the two strains shared a high identity of 90.5 to 98.63% with China GoCV reference, and low identity of 58.98% with DuCV reference, respectively. Phylogenetic tree constructed on the two and other genome sequences of GoCV revealed three main branches. Both strains sequenced in this study were distributed on different sub-branches with most other Chinese GoCV strains, and AH22du clustered into an independent sub-branch within the cluster. Recombination analysis predicted that HN20du might potentially recombine from the major parent of yk4 (Zhejiang Province, China, 2007) and minor parent of GD/YJ/g2 (Guangdong Province, China, 2020). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of GoCV in ducks from China. This broadened host spectrum of GoCVs requires attention from the waterfowl industry and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Xu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China
| | - Xinhao Mu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China
| | - Xin Xu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China
| | - Jun Ji
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China
| | - Lunguang Yao
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yingzuo Bi
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
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Fujiwara A, Horii W, Sano J, Kodama T, Kato A, Shibuya K, Saitoh T. Invasion of Chicken Anemia Virus in Specific-Pathogen-Free Chicken Flocks and Its Successful Elimination from the Colony. Vet Sci 2024; 11:329. [PMID: 39058013 PMCID: PMC11281415 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11070329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicken colony was maintained with successive groups a month apart in age. The absence of specific pathogens, including chicken anemia virus (CAV), was confirmed through periodic serological tests for each group. However, some groups became CAV seropositive. The procedures of removing seropositive and the adjacent seronegative chickens followed with chemically disinfecting the housing did not halt CAV outbreaks. The full genome sequence of the CAV strain that appeared was closely related to low-virulence isolates in China. The outbreaks of CAV decreased with an increase in the seropositive chicken population, indicating that the progeny is protected from CAV infection by maternal anti-CAV antibodies. The persistence of CAV in erythroid and lymphoid tissues or reproductive tissues from CAV seropositive chickens was examined in chickens of various ages using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Since a low persistence of CAV was observed in the colony, we isolated eggs from CAV seropositive hens through artificial insemination using semen collected from roosters and confirmed as CAV-free by PCR. Fertilized eggs were transferred to a new SPF facility and used for generating CAV-free progeny. To date, chickens reared in the new facility have been CAV-free for longer than two years. Redirection of eggs from seropositive hens was an effective means of eliminating CAV from chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Fujiwara
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shin-machi, Ome 198-0024, Tokyo, Japan; (A.F.)
| | - Wataru Horii
- Nisseiken Co., Ltd., Kobuchisawa Facility, Kamisasao, Hokuto 408-0041, Yamanashi, Japan; (W.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Junichi Sano
- Nisseiken Co., Ltd., Kobuchisawa Facility, Kamisasao, Hokuto 408-0041, Yamanashi, Japan; (W.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Toshiaki Kodama
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shin-machi, Ome 198-0024, Tokyo, Japan; (A.F.)
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shin-machi, Ome 198-0024, Tokyo, Japan; (A.F.)
- Biomedical Science Association, 2-20-8-3F Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku 141-0021, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumoto Shibuya
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shin-machi, Ome 198-0024, Tokyo, Japan; (A.F.)
| | - Toshiki Saitoh
- Nisseiken Co., Ltd., 9-2221-1 Shin-machi, Ome 198-0024, Tokyo, Japan;
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Zhu Y, Wu Q, Wu M, He D, Wu B, Mao M, Tang W, Li J, Wang C, Zhao H, Qin Y, Diao Y, Tang Y. Pathogenicity of duck circovirus and novel goose parvovirus co-infection in SPF ducks. Avian Pathol 2024:1-18. [PMID: 39037243 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2024.2383231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Duck circovirus (DuCV) is one of the most prevalent infectious viruses in the duck industry in China. Although the clinical signs vary, it often causes immunosuppression in the host and leads to secondary infection with other pathogens. Novel goose parvovirus (NGPV) mainly infects ducks and causes short beak and dwarfism syndrome (SBDS) in ducks. However, the incidence of infection in ducks has increased in recent years, and the phenomenon of mixed infection with DuCV is common, resulting in more severe clinical morbidity. However, there are no systematic study evaluating the presence of mixed infections. In order to investigate the synergistic pathogenicity of DuCV and NGPV co-infection in SPF ducks, a comparative experiment between DuCV and NGPV co-infection and mono-infection animal models was established. The results showed that the clinical signs of short beak, dwarfism and immunosuppression were more obvious in DuCV and NGPV co-infected ducks; the tissue damage of target organs was more serious; and the viral titer of organs and cloacal swabs were more significant compared with those of SPF ducks infected with only one virus. The results indicated that co-infection with DuCV and NGPV could promote viral replication and cause more severe tissue damage and immunosuppression than single virus infection. The present study reveals that the co-infection of NGPV and DuCV has a synergistic pathogenic effect from the aspect of pathogenicity, and the conclusions drawn not only clarify the direction of the subsequent research on the mechanism of co-infection of NGPV and DuCV, but also provide a scientific basis for the research on the co-infection of immunosuppressive diseases and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Mian Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Dalin He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Bingrong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Mingtian Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Wentao Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Jiake Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Caiqi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yafei Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Youxiang Diao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
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Ko JCK, Choi YWY, Poon ESK, Wyre N, Sin SYW. Prevalence, genotypes, and infection risk factors of psittacine beak and feather disease virus and budgerigar fledgling disease virus in captive birds in Hong Kong. Arch Virol 2024; 169:91. [PMID: 38578455 PMCID: PMC10997714 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Psittacine beak and feather disease virus (PBFDV) and budgerigar fledgling disease virus (BFDV) are significant avian pathogens that threaten both captive and wild birds, particularly parrots, which are common hosts. This study involved sampling and testing of 516 captive birds from households, pet shops, and an animal clinic in Hong Kong for PBFDV and BFDV. The results showed that PBFDV and BFDV were present in 7.17% and 0.58% of the samples, respectively. These rates were lower than those reported in most parts of Asia. Notably, the infection rates of PBFDV in pet shops were significantly higher compared to other sources, while no BFDV-positive samples were found in pet shops. Most of the positive samples came from parrots, but PBFDV was also detected in two non-parrot species, including Swinhoe's white-eyes (Zosterops simplex), which had not been reported previously. The ability of PBFDV to infect both psittacine and passerine birds is concerning, especially in densely populated urban areas such as Hong Kong, where captive flocks come into close contact with wildlife. Phylogenetic analysis of the Cap and Rep genes of PBFDV revealed that the strains found in Hong Kong were closely related to those in Europe and other parts of Asia, including mainland China, Thailand, Taiwan, and Saudi Arabia. These findings indicate the presence of both viruses among captive birds in Hong Kong. We recommend implementing regular surveillance for both viruses and adopting measures to prevent contact between captive and wild birds, thereby reducing the transmission of introduced diseases to native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackie Cheuk Kei Ko
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yannes Wai Yan Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Emily Shui Kei Poon
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nicole Wyre
- Zodiac Pet & Exotic Hospital, 101A-103A Victoria Centre, 15 Watson Road, Fortress Hill, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Yung Wa Sin
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong, China.
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Fu H, Zhao M, Chen S, Huang Y, Wan C. Simultaneous detection and differentiation of DuCV-1 and DuCV-2 by high-resolution melting analysis. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103566. [PMID: 38417341 PMCID: PMC10907865 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Birds infected with duck circovirus (DuCV) can potentially cause immunosuppression by damaging lymphoid tissues, causing great losses in the duck breeding industry. Duck circovirus can be divided into two genotypes (DuCV-1 and DuCV-2), but simultaneous detection and differentiation of DuCV-1 and DuCV-2 by high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis is still lacking. Here, we designed specific primers according to the sequence characteristics of the newly identified ORF3 gene and then established a PCR-HRM method for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of DuCV-1 and DuCV-2 via high-resolution melting analysis. Our data showed that the established PCR-HRM assay had the advantages of specificity, with the lowest detection limits of 61.9 copies/μL (for DuCV-1) and 60.6 copies/μL (for DuCV-2). The melting curve of the PCR-HRM results indicated that the amplification product was specific, with no cross-reaction with common waterfowl origin pathogens and a low coefficient of variation less than 1.50% in both intra-batch and inter-batch repetitions, indicating the advantages of repeatability. We found that the percentage of DuCV-2-positive ducks was higher than that of DuCV-1-positive ducks, with 8.62% rate of DuCV-1 and DuCV-2 coinfection. In addition, we found DuCV-2-positive in geese firstly. In conclusion, this study provides a candidate PCR-HRM assay for the detection and accurate differentiation of DuCV-1 and DuCV-2 infection, which will help us for further epidemiological surveillance of DuCVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanru Fu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine/Fujian Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention/Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Centre, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China; School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine/Fujian Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention/Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Centre, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China; School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shuyu Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine/Fujian Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention/Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Centre, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China; School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine/Fujian Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention/Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Centre, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Chunhe Wan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine/Fujian Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention/Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Centre, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China.
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Tarján ZL, Szekeres S, Vidovszky MZ, Egyed L. Detection of circovirus in free-ranging brown rats (Rattus norvegicus). INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 118:105548. [PMID: 38176604 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Accidentally found, two poisoned brown rats from Hungary were surveyed for presence of circoviral DNA, using specific nested primers, designed against the rep gene of the virus. Both specimens were positive. The whole genomes were amplified using inverse PCR based on the Rep sequence parts and sequenced by the primer walking method. Genomic analyses revealed that these novel rat viruses, together with tawny owl-associated circovirus reported by Italian researchers in 2022, are sequence variations of the same virus from genus Circovirus. In phylogenetic reconstructions, these circovirus strains detected from brown rats clustered closest to circoviruses derived from faeces samples of various predatory mammals. Molecular data as well as the phylogenetic analyses of the complete derived replication-associated protein and the capsid protein, as well as the prey preference of the host species of the recently described tawny owl-associated virus suggest that brown rat could be the evolutionary adapted host of the viruses described in this paper (brown rat circovirus types 1 and 2) and the previously reported tawny owl-associated virus. Possible pathogenic and zoonotic role of these viruses need further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z L Tarján
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - S Szekeres
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; HUN-REN-UVMB Climate Change: New Blood-Sucking Parasites and Vector-Borne Pathogens Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M Z Vidovszky
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - L Egyed
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary.
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Cui X, Zhu Y, Wu Q, He D, Mao M, Wei F, Wu B, Zhu S, Cui Y, Han Q, Wang D, Wu M, Zhao Y, Ren H, Wei X, Zhang M, Diao Y, Tang Y. Pathogenicity of duck circovirus 1 in experimentally infected specific pathogen-free ducks. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103301. [PMID: 38113704 PMCID: PMC10770740 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ducks infected with duck circovirus (DuCV) show symptoms such as feather loss, growth retardation and low body weight in the flock. The virus induces immunosuppression and increases the prevalence of infection with other pathogens. However, most studies on duck circovirus were focused on coinfection, and fewer studies had been conducted on the pathogenicity of duck circovirus alone. The aim of the present study was to investigate the pathogenesis of DuCV-1 in experimentally infected specific pathogen-free ducks. In this study, we sequenced the whole genome of a strain of duck circovirus and identified the virus genotype as DuCV-1b. This strain of duck circovirus was named SDLH(OR567883). Animal pathogenicity experiments were then conducted, wherein specific pathogen-free ducks were infected by mucosal injection and abdominal injection. Infected ducks were sampled for 4 consecutive weeks after infection and showed symptoms of dwarfism. We further examined the replication of DuCV-1 in the ducks. The highest virus titers in the 2 infection groups were found in the liver and spleen, with different results for the different routes of infection. Pathological sections of duck organs were made and it was found that organs such as the liver and spleen were damaged by DuCV-1. In conclusion, our experimental results indicate that DuCV-1 can infect ducks individually and cause widespread organ damage in infected ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Cui
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Group Co, Ltd, Qing'dao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Yudong Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Dalin He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Mingtian Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Feng Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Bingrong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Siming Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yitong Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Qinghai Han
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Group Co, Ltd, Qing'dao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Dongping Wang
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Mian Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yubo Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Hui Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xinhui Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Meijuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Youxiang Diao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
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9
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Saechin A, Suksai P, Sariya L, Mongkolphan C, Tangsudjai S. Species and seasonality can affect recent trends in beak and feather disease virus prevalence in captive psittacine birds. Acta Trop 2024; 249:107071. [PMID: 37956820 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) is globally distributed in psittacine birds. BFDV is considered a key threat to biodiversity because it has the ability to transmit and shift between host species. Data from captive psittacine birds can help to identify potential risk factors for viral transmission management. Generalized Linear Models (GLM) were used to examine the association of sample type, species, and season on the prevalence of BFDV in captive exotic birds in Thailand. In this study, the overall prevalence of BFDV was 8.2 %, with 346 of 4243 birds being positive. The prevalence in feather samples (12.1 %) and pooled (dried blood and feather) samples (15.4 %) was higher than that in the dried blood samples (4.8 %). A GLM test revealed that the sample type, species, and season were significant factors influencing the prevalence of BFDV. Based on the model, two species (blue-eyed cockatoo; Cacatua ophthalmica, and ring-necked parakeet; Psittacula krameri) were associated with higher BFDV prevalence. By studying the seasonal BFDV prevalence, we can gather important insights into the environmental factors that contribute to its spread. The higher prevalence observed during the wet season suggest a possible affect between BFDV prevalence and environmental factors such as heavy rainfall and humidity. In conclusion, our analysis of the trends in BFDV prevalence offers valuable insights into the prevalence or distribution of BFDV in the studied population. By monitoring BFDV prevalence, identifying high-risk species, and understanding seasonal patterns, we can develop targeted management approaches to control the spread of the virus. This information is crucial for mitigating the impact of BFDV on aviculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saechin
- Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - P Suksai
- Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - L Sariya
- Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - C Mongkolphan
- Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - S Tangsudjai
- Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
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10
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Zhang T, Liu N, Zhang L, Jiang W, Fan X, Wang X, Miao R, Zhai X, Wei L, Jiang S, Jiao P. Research Note: Complete genome cloning and genetic evolution analysis of four Cherry Valley duck circovirus strains in China in 2022. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102920. [PMID: 37473522 PMCID: PMC10371810 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, with the expansion of duck breeding industry in China, the infection rate of duck circovirus (DuCV) in duck and the mixed infection rate of DuCV with other diseases increased significantly, which seriously endanger the development of duck breeding industry. To study the epidemic status of duck circovirus in China, analyze the virus's genetics and evolution, and establish a foundation for scientific prevention and control of duck circovirus, our laboratory collected 4 disease materials preliminarily diagnosed as duck circovirus infections. Conventional PCR was used to amplify 4 strains of duck circovirus with a full length of 1993bp, and their sequences were compared and analyzed. The analysis showed that the 4 DuCVs had typical circovirus characteristics, including 3 major ORFs: ORFV1 (Rep protein), ORFC1 (Cap protein), ORFC2 (apoptosis-related protein), and a stem ring structure. The 4 strains were compared with 22 other reference strains, and the results revealed that all 4 strains belonged to the DuCV-I type represented by the German strain AY228555. Furthermore, the homology between the 4 DuCVs and the reference strains was up to 98.6%, which help us to understand the genotype and genetic variation of DuCV in these regions and provide a reference for the prevention and control of DuCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an 271000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Nan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Gynecology Department, Tai'an Central Hospital, Tai'an 271099, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wansi Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaole Fan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiuyuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Runchun Miao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xinyu Zhai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Liangmeng Wei
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shijin Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Peirong Jiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, China.
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11
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Nath BK, Das T, Peters A, Gupta SD, Sarker S, Forwood JK, Raidal SR, Das S. Australasian Pigeon Circoviruses Demonstrate Natural Spillover Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:2025. [PMID: 37896802 PMCID: PMC10611180 DOI: 10.3390/v15102025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigeon circovirus (PiCV) is considered to be genetically diverse, with a relatively small circular single-stranded DNA genome of 2 kb that encodes for a capsid protein (Cap) and a replication initiator protein (Rep). Australasia is known to be the origin of diverse species of the Order Columbiformes, but limited data on the PiCV genome sequence has hindered phylogeographic studies in this species. To fill this gap, this study was conducted to investigate PiCV in 118 characteristic samples from different birds across Australia using PCR and sequencing. Eighteen partial PiCV Rep sequences and one complete PiCV genome sequence were recovered from reservoir and aberrant hosts. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that PiCV circulating in Australia was scattered across three different subclades. Importantly, one subclade dominated within the PiCV sequenced from Australia and Poland, whereas other PiCV sequenced in this study were more closely related to the PiCV sequenced from China, USA and Japan. In addition, PiCV Rep sequences obtained from clinically affected plumed whistling duck, blue billed duck and Australian magpie demonstrated natural spillover of PiCV unveiled host generalist characteristics of the pigeon circovirus. These findings indicate that PiCV genomes circulating in Australia lack host adapted population structure but demonstrate natural spillover infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babu Kanti Nath
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (T.D.); (A.P.); (S.R.R.); (S.D.)
- Biosecurity Research Program and Training Centre, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (S.D.G.); (J.K.F.)
| | - Tridip Das
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (T.D.); (A.P.); (S.R.R.); (S.D.)
| | - Andrew Peters
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (T.D.); (A.P.); (S.R.R.); (S.D.)
- Biosecurity Research Program and Training Centre, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (S.D.G.); (J.K.F.)
| | - Suman Das Gupta
- Biosecurity Research Program and Training Centre, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (S.D.G.); (J.K.F.)
| | - Subir Sarker
- Biomedical Sciences & Molecular Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4814, Australia;
| | - Jade K. Forwood
- Biosecurity Research Program and Training Centre, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (S.D.G.); (J.K.F.)
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
- Training Hub Promoting Regional Industry and Innovation in Virology and Epidemiology, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Shane R. Raidal
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (T.D.); (A.P.); (S.R.R.); (S.D.)
| | - Shubhagata Das
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (T.D.); (A.P.); (S.R.R.); (S.D.)
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12
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Fang L, Jia H, Hu Y, Wang Y, Cui Z, Qi L, Zhao P. Molecular characterization and pathogenicity study of a highly pathogenic strain of chicken anemia virus that emerged in China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1171622. [PMID: 37284496 PMCID: PMC10240067 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1171622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken infectious anemia (CIA) is caused by chicken anemia virus (CAV). Recently, severe anemia has emerged in layer chickens (8 to 10-week-old) on poultry farms in China. However, the etiological characteristics and pathogenic potential of CAV in chickens at 6 weeks or older are not well understood. In this study, we isolated a CAV strain, termed SD15, from two-month-old chicken with severe anemia and analyzed the genetic evolution relationship. We found that strain SD15 had the highest homology (98.9%) with CAV18 strain. Comparison with 33 reference strains revealed 16 amino acid mutations in strain SD15, two of which were previously unknown (F210S in VP1 and L25S in Vp3). Compared with low pathogenic strains (Cux-1 and C14), highly pathogenic strains (SDLY08 and SD15) had three base mutations in their noncoding region. To further understand its pathogenicity, 10-week-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were challenged with the novel strain and SDLY08. No obvious clinical symptoms were observed in the SDLY08 group. However, SD15-infected chickens showed significant growth retardation and immunosuppression. The main manifestations of immunosuppression were the significantly reduced thymus and bursa indices and AIV-H9 vaccine-induced antibody levels (P < 0.05). The lowest number of red blood cells in the SD15 group was just 60% of that in the control group. Taken together, the novel strain SD15 not only showed higher pathogenicity but also exhibited the potential ability to break the age resistance of older chickens to CAV. Our study enhanced the understanding of the epidemiological characteristics of chickens infected with severe anemia and can facilitate the development of improved control strategies of CIA in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Fang
- Innovation Team for Major Livestock and Poultry Disease Prevention and Control, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huiyue Jia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Yuhang Hu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Zhizhong Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Lihong Qi
- Innovation Team for Major Livestock and Poultry Disease Prevention and Control, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
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13
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Sun H, Yu S, Jiang T, Yan Z, Wang D, Chen L, Zhou Q, Yin L, Chen F. Molecular characterization of chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV) in China during 2020-2021. Avian Pathol 2023; 52:119-127. [PMID: 36469626 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2155109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV) has been identified as the causative agent of chicken infectious anaemia (CIA), causing huge economic losses to the poultry industry globally. In this study, a total of 573 clinical samples were collected from 197 broiler farms in 17 provinces of China during 2020-2021. Among them, 375 samples (375/573, 65.4%) were positive for CIAV by real-time PCR. The positive rate of CIAV detection between different regions of China ranged from 46.67% (North China) to 81.25% (Central China). The nucleotide sequences of the VP1 gene were obtained for 91 CIAV strains, whole genome sequencing was successful for 72 out of 91 strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on the VP1 gene revealed that 91 CIAV strains currently circulating in China belong to three genotypes (II, IIIa and IIIb), and most of the CIAV strains belong to genotype IIIa. Phylogenetic analysis of the whole genome showed that 71 CIAV strains belong to genotype IIIa, and one strain belongs to genotype II. Sequence analysis showed several amino acid substitutions in both the VP1, VP2 and VP3 proteins. Our results enhance the understanding of the molecular characterization of CIAV infection in China.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS A molecular systematic survey of CIAV in China during 2020-2021.CIAV genotype IIIa is the predominant genotype in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejing Sun
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuilan Yu
- Yunfu Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Yunfu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhua Jiang
- Yunfu Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Yunfu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuanqiang Yan
- Yunfu Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Yunfu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingai Wang
- Yunfu Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Yunfu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Yunfu Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Yunfu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- Yunfu Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Yunfu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Yin
- Yunfu Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Yunfu, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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14
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Cristofer Sitinjak M, Chen JK, Lee MY, Liu HJ, Wang CY. Characterization of a novel reporter system for beak and feather disease virus. Gene 2023; 867:147371. [PMID: 36933814 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) belongs to the Circoviridae family, which has a relatively simple replication mechanism. As BFDV lacks a mature cell culture system, a novel mini-replicon system based on the reporter plasmid that contains the origin of replication, which can bind to the Rep protein expressed from another plasmid and thus trigger its replication and induce/increase luminescence was developed. The dual-luciferase assay was used in this system to measure replicative efficiency by comparing relative light units (RLU) of firefly luciferase. Linear relationships between the luciferase activity of the reporter plasmids with the BFDV origin of replication and the amounts of the Rep protein and vice versa were found, suggesting the mini-replicon system can be used to quantify viral replication. Moreover, the activities of reporter plasmids driven by mutated Rep proteins or the activities of reporter plasmids with mutations were significantly downregulated. The Rep and Cap promoter activities can be characterized using this luciferase reporter system. Notably, the RLU of the reporter plasmid was considerably inhibited in the presence of sodium orthovanadate (Na3VO4). When BFDV-infected birds were treated with Na3VO4, the viral loads of BFDV rapidly decreased. In conclusion, this mini-replicon reporter gene-based system provides a practical means to screen for anti-viral drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Cristofer Sitinjak
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Kai Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yuan Lee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Liu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan; The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Young Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan; The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
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15
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Payne N, Combrink L, Kraberger S, Fontenele RS, Schmidlin K, Cassaigne I, Culver M, Varsani A, Van Doorslaer K. DNA virome composition of two sympatric wild felids, bobcat (Lynx rufus) and puma (Puma concolor) in Sonora, Mexico. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1126149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
With viruses often having devastating effects on wildlife population fitness and wild mammals serving as pathogen reservoirs for potentially zoonotic diseases, determining the viral diversity present in wild mammals is both a conservation and One Health priority. Additionally, transmission from more abundant hosts could increase the extinction risk of threatened sympatric species. We leveraged an existing circular DNA enriched metagenomic dataset generated from bobcat (Lynx rufus, n = 9) and puma (Puma concolor, n = 13) scat samples non-invasively collected from Sonora, Mexico, to characterize fecal DNA viromes of each species and determine the extent that viruses are shared between them. Using the metaWRAP pipeline to co-assemble viral genomes for comparative metagenomic analysis, we observed diverse circular DNA viruses in both species, including circoviruses, genomoviruses, and anelloviruses. We found that differences in DNA virome composition were partly attributed to host species, although there was overlap between viruses in bobcats and pumas. Pumas exhibited greater levels of alpha diversity, possibly due to bioaccumulation of pathogens in apex predators. Shared viral taxa may reflect dietary overlap, shared environmental resources, or transmission through host interactions, although we cannot rule out species-specific host-virus coevolution for the taxa detected through co-assembly. However, our detection of integrated feline foamy virus (FFV) suggests Sonoran pumas may interact with domestic cats. Our results contribute to the growing baseline knowledge of wild felid viral diversity. Future research including samples from additional sources (e.g., prey items, tissues) may help to clarify host associations and determine the pathogenicity of detected viruses.
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16
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Angles R, Adkesson MJ, Cárdenas-Alayza S, Adamovicz L, Allender MC. DETECTION AND PREVALENCE OF SPHENISCID ALPHA-HERPESVIRUS-1 (SpAHV-1) IN A SAMPLE OF HUMBOLDT PENGUINS ( SPHENISCUS HUMBOLDTI) AT PUNTA SAN JUAN, PERU. J Zoo Wildl Med 2023; 54:159-163. [PMID: 36971641 DOI: 10.1638/2022-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections with herpesvirus have contributed to respiratory, enteric, and neurological disease reports in avian species worldwide. Herpesviruses have been detected in penguin species before but have not been studied extensively. To better understand the impact of these viruses in free-living populations, an initial retrospective survey was performed on a wild population of Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) in the Punta San Juan Marine Protected Area, Peru (15°22'S, 75°12'W) using tracheal swabs collected from 28 penguins in 2016 and 34 penguins in 2018. DNA extracted from these swabs was analyzed using a consensus herpesviral PCR assay targeting the DNA polymerase gene, and positive samples were sequenced. A single sample from 2016 was positive for spheniscid alpha-herpesvirus-1 (SpAHV-1), establishing an overall sample prevalence of 1.6% (95% CI: 0-8.6%). The positive animal was an adult male that did not show any clinical signs of herpesviral infection and was otherwise healthy based on physical exam and laboratory findings. This is the first detection of a herpesvirus in penguins at Punta San Juan, Peru, and the first step toward characterizing the implications of SpAHV-1 for Humboldt penguins. This investigation highlights the importance of continual disease surveillance in wild populations over time to monitor for changes that may impact long-term population viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Angles
- Wildlife Epidemiology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA,
| | | | | | - Laura Adamovicz
- Wildlife Epidemiology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Matthew C Allender
- Wildlife Epidemiology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
- Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield Zoo, Brookfield, IL 60513, USA
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17
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Yang M, Yang Q, Bi X, Shi H, Yang J, Cheng X, Yan T, Zhang H, Cheng Z. The Synergy of Chicken Anemia Virus and Gyrovirus Homsa 1 in Chickens. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020515. [PMID: 36851729 PMCID: PMC9964263 DOI: 10.3390/v15020515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken anemia virus (CAV) and Gyrovirus homsa 1 (GyH1) are members of the Gyrovirus genus. The two viruses cause similar clinical manifestations in chickens, aplastic anemia and immunosuppression. Our previous investigation displays that CAV and GyH1 often co-infect chickens. However, whether they have synergistic pathogenicity in chickens remains elusive. Here, we established a co-infection model of CAV and GyH1 in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens to explore the synergy between CAV and GyH1. We discovered that CAV and GyH1 significantly inhibited weight gain, increased mortality, and hindered erythropoiesis in co-infected chickens. Co-infected chickens exhibited severe immune organ atrophy and lymphocyte exhaustion. The proventriculus and gizzard had severe hemorrhagic necrosis and inflammation. We also discovered that the viral loads and shedding levels were higher and lasted longer in CAV and GyH1 co-infected chickens than in mono-infected chickens. Our results demonstrate that CAV and GyH1 synergistically promote immunosuppression, pathogenicity, and viral replication in co-infected chicken, highlighting the interaction between CAV and GyH1 in the disease process and increasing potential health risk in the poultry breeding industry, and needs further attention.
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Huang J, Zhang Y, Cheng A, Wang M, Liu M, Zhu D, Chen S, Zhao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhang S, Ou X, Mao S, Gao Q, Sun D, Tian B, Yin Z, Jia R. Duck Circovirus genotype 2 ORF3 protein induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102533. [PMID: 36848756 PMCID: PMC9984893 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Duck circovirus genotype 2 (DuCV2) belongs to the genus Circovirus, family Circoviridae. It can generally cause lymphocyte atrophy and necrosis in ducks, which leads to immunosuppression. The function of the DuCV2 open reading frame 3 (ORF3) protein in viral pathogenesis in host cells remains unclear. Therefore, a series of studies based on ORF3 of the isolate DuCV GH01 strain (belonging to DuCV2) were carried out in duck embryo fibroblasts (DEFs) in this study. The results showed that the ORF3 protein could induce nuclear shrinkage and fragmentation in DEFs. Chromosomal DNA breakage was observed by TUNEL assay. The expression levels of caspase-related genes showed that ORF3 primarily promoted caspase 3 and caspase 9 expression. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved caspase 9 in DEFs were enhanced by ORF3. Thus, ORF3 may activate the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. When the 20 amino acid residues at the C-terminus of ORF3 (ORF3ΔC20) were deleted, the apoptosis rates were decreased. Moreover, compared to ORF3, ORF3ΔC20 downregulated the mRNA levels of cytochrome c (Cyt c), poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and apoptosis protease activating factor 1 (Apaf-1), which are the key molecules in the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Further study showed that ORF3ΔC20 could reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). This study suggested that the DuCV2 ORF3 protein may primarily activate apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway in DEFs, and this function is ORF3 C20 dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Huang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yanting Zhang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Sai Mao
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Qun Gao
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Di Sun
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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Dolatyabi S, Peighambari SM, Razmyar J. Molecular detection and analysis of beak and feather disease viruses in Iran. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1053886. [PMID: 36532332 PMCID: PMC9751380 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1053886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) is one of the few pathogens capable of causing extinction of psittacines. To determine the prevalence and the nature of BFDV mutation, this study investigated the presence of the BFDV among 1,095 individual birds of the 17 psittacine species in Iran followed by analyzing the DNA sequences of seven replication-associated protein (rep) and 10 capsid (cap) genomes of the virus. The BFDV was found to be the foremost pathogen among more than 12 psittacine species, and phylogenetic analysis showed that the BFDV GenBank-published sequences from Poland, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Taiwan, and Thailand were most similar to those of this study. Evolutionary analysis concluded that arginine, leucine, and glycine were the amino acids frequently involved in the least-conserved substitution patterns of BFDV, and conversely, methionine, glutamine, and tryptophan were the amino acids that exhibited ultra-high conservation through the substitution patterns. The high substitution rate of arginine to lysine and glycine to serine also made greater contribution to the BFDV gene mutation. The relative synonymous codon usage between two genes revealed that the cap genome encoded proteins frequently used fewer codons, while the rep genome encoded proteins used more codons only at moderate frequency, explaining the broader divergence of the cap compared to the rep sequence. The data analysis also introduced a new variant of BFDV that exists in the rep and cap sequences of budgerigars. While the existence of more new variants was suspected, more solid evidence is required to substantiate this suspicion.
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20
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Identification and characterization of a novel circovirus species in domestic laying ducks designated as duck circovirus 3 (DuCV3) from Hunan province, China. Vet Microbiol 2022; 275:109598. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Detection of Mycoplasma columbinasale in Cases of Respiratory Disease in Domestic Pigeons (Columba livia var. domestica). Case Rep Vet Med 2022; 2022:3950684. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3950684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2017, respiratory disease and low mortality were reported in domestic flying pigeons (Columba livia var. domestica) trained as hunting live bait in a breeding farm in Umbria, Italy. Clinically, open beak breathing, dropped wings, and pharyngeal and laryngeal hyperaemia were observed. Three birds were submitted for necropsy. Gross pathological evaluation revealed in all cases diffuses hyperaemia of the tracheal mucosa in association with mild emaciation and multiorgan congestion. Microscopically, diffuse epithelial hyperplasia of the trachea (
) and diffuse lymphocytic infiltration of the lamina propria (
) were observed. No lesions were reported in other organs. Based on reported clinical signs and lesions, Mycoplasma spp. were suspected, and molecular detection was performed on tracheal specimens leading to the identification of Mycoplasma columbinasale. Immunohistochemistry was subsequently performed to localize the microorganism within tissue lesions. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of Mycoplasma species on the tracheal epithelial cells of all birds. Following tylosin administration, complete resolution of the clinical condition and lack of recurrence of clinical signs were reported in the breeding farm. These findings suggest that M. columbinasale could potentially have a role in the respiratory disease and low mortality in domestic pigeons.
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22
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Li Y, Wang J, Chen L, Wang Q, Zhou M, Zhao H, Chi Z, Wang Y, Chang S, Zhao P. Genomic Characterization of CIAV Detected in Contaminated Attenuated NDV Vaccine: Epidemiological Evidence of Source and Vertical Transmission From SPF Chicken Embryos in China. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:930887. [PMID: 35873689 PMCID: PMC9298830 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.930887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Live attenuated vaccines have been extensively used to prevent infectious disease in poultry flocks. Freedom from exogenous virus is a high priority for any veterinary vaccines. Recently, attenuated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccines were detected to be contaminated with chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) in a routine screening for exogenous viruses. To investigate the possible source of the contamination, we conducted virological tests on a specific-pathogen-free (SPF) layer breeder flock that provide the raw materials for vaccines in this manufacturer. Firstly, CIAV antibodies in serum and egg yolks samples of the SPF laying hens were detected by ELISA assays. The results showed that CIAV antibodies in serum and egg yolks were 62% positive and 57% positive, respectively. Then, DNA was extracted from the NDV vaccines and SPF chicken embryonated eggs, and detected by molecular virology assays. The results showed that three assays for pathogens in embryonated eggs had similar positive rates (35.8%). And the sequences of CIAV from SPF embryos and NDV vaccines consisted of 2,298 nucleotides (nt) with 100% homology. The new full-length genome of CIAV was designated SDSPF2020 (Genbank accession number: MW660821). Data showed SDSPF2020 had the sequence similarities of 95.8–99.6% with reference strains, and shared the highest homology with the Chinese strain HLJ15125. These results strongly suggested that exogenous CIAV contamination is most likely caused by wild virus infection in SPF flocks and vertical transmission to chicken embryos. Collectively, this study illustrated that vertical transmission of CIAV from a SPF layer breeder flock to embryos was a non-neglible way for exogenous virus contamination in vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Longfei Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Qun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zengna Chi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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23
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Pigeon Circovirus over Three Decades of Research: Bibliometrics, Scoping Review, and Perspectives. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071498. [PMID: 35891478 PMCID: PMC9317399 DOI: 10.3390/v14071498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pigeon circovirus (PiCV), first described in the literature in the early 1990s, is considered one of the most important infectious agents affecting pigeon health. Thirty years after its discovery, the current review has employed bibliometric strategies to map the entire accessible PiCV-related research corpus with the aim of understanding its present research landscape, particularly in consideration of its historical context. Subsequently, developments, current knowledge, and important updates were provided. Additionally, this review also provides a textual analysis examining the relationship between PiCV and the young pigeon disease syndrome (YPDS), as described and propagated in the literature. Our examination revealed that usages of the term ‘YPDS’ in the literature are characterizations that are diverse in range, and neither standard nor equivalent. Guided by our understanding of the PiCV research corpus, a conceptualization of PiCV diseases was also presented in this review. Proposed definitions and diagnostic criteria for PiCV subclinical infection (PiCV-SI) and PiCV systemic disease (PiCV-SD) were also provided. Lastly, knowledge gaps and open research questions relevant to future PiCV-related studies were identified and discussed.
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24
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Virtanen J, Aaltonen K, Moisander-Jylhä AM, Nordgren H, Paulin L, Peura J, Vapalahti O, Kant R, Sironen T. Mechanisms behind the varying severity of Aleutian mink disease virus: Comparison of three farms with a different disease status. Vet Microbiol 2022; 270:109452. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Diversity of CRESS DNA Viruses in Squamates Recapitulates Hosts Dietary and Environmental Sources of Exposure. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0078022. [PMID: 35616383 PMCID: PMC9241739 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00780-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Replication-associated protein (Rep)-encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA viruses comprise viruses with covalently closed, circular, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genomes, and are considered the smallest known autonomously replicating, capsid-encoding animal pathogens. CRESS DNA viruses (phylum Cressdnaviricota) encompass several viral families including Circoviridae. Circoviruses are classified into two genera, Circovirus and Cyclovirus, and they are known to cause fatal diseases in birds and pigs. Circoviruses have also been identified in human stools, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as well as in various wild and domestic vertebrates, including reptiles. The synanthropic presence of Squamata reptiles has increased in the last century due to the anthropic pressure, which has shifted forested animal behavior to an urban and peri-urban adaptation. In this paper, we explored the diversity of CRESS DNA viruses in Squamata reptiles from different Italian areas representative of the Mediterranean basin. CRESS DNA viruses were detected in 31.7% (33/104) of sampled lizards and geckoes. Different CRESS DNA viruses likely reflected dietary composition or environmental contamination and included avian-like (n = 3), dog (n = 4), bat-like (n = 1), goat-like (n = 1), rodent-like (n = 4), and insect-like (n = 2) viruses. Rep sequences of at least two types of human-associated cycloviruses (CyV) were identified consistently, regardless of geographic location, namely, TN9-like (n = 11) and TN12-like (n = 6). A third human-associated CyV, TN25-like, was detected in a single sample. The complete genome of human-like CyVs, of a rodent-like, insect-like, and of a bat-like virus were generated. Collectively, the results recapitulate hosts dietary and environmental sources of exposure and may suggest unexpected ecological niches for some CRESS DNA viruses. IMPORTANCE CRESS DNA viruses are significant pathogens of birds and pigs and have been detected repeatedly in human samples (stools, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid), both from healthy individuals and from patients with neurological disease, eliciting in 2013 a risk assessment by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Sequences of CRESS DNA viruses previously reported in humans (TN9, TN12, and TN25), and detected in different animal species (e.g., birds, dogs, and bats) were herein detected in fecal samples of synanthropic squamates (geckos and lizards). The complete genome sequence of six viruses was generated. This study extends the information on the genetic diversity and ecology of CRESS DNA viruses. Because geckos and lizards are synanthropic animals, a role in sustaining CRESS DNA virus circulation and increasing viral pressure in the environment is postulated.
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Liu L, Li Y, Yin M, Zhao P, Guo L, Wang Y. Genomic Characterization of Chicken Anemia Virus in Broilers in Shandong Province, China, 2020–2021. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:816860. [PMID: 35372548 PMCID: PMC8968957 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.816860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken infectious anemia (CIA), caused by chicken anemia virus (CAV), is an immunosuppressive disease characterized by growth retardation, aplastic anemia, lymphoid depletion, and immunodepression in young chickens. In this study, 33 CAV strains were isolated from broilers in Shandong Province during 2020–2021. Phylogenetic analysis of full-length genome sequences showed that most CAV strains isolated in this study were scattered across different branches, but mainly clustered in two genotypes, indicating a certain regional characteristic. Analysis of VP1 protein identified several amino acid substitutions which were relevant with the virulence and virus spread efficiency. Interestingly, four putative DNA recombination events were detected in the genomes of novel isolated CAV strains. In summary, this study demonstrated a genomic diversity of CAV in broilers isolated in Shandong Province during 2020–2021, and provided information for the further study of CAV molecular epidemiology and viral evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Yuyan Li
- Shandong Yisheng Livestock and Poultry Breeding Co., Ltd., Yantai, China
| | - Mingrong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Longzong Guo
- Shandong Yisheng Livestock and Poultry Breeding Co., Ltd., Yantai, China
- *Correspondence: Longzong Guo
| | - Yixin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
- Yixin Wang
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27
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Blanco G, Morinha F, Carrete M, Tella JL. Apparent Lack of Circovirus Transmission from Invasive Parakeets to Native Birds. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063196. [PMID: 35328884 PMCID: PMC8953828 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The transmission of pathogens to native species has been highlighted as one of the most important impacts of biological invasions. In this study, we evaluated the presence of psittacine beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) and other circoviruses in native bird species cohabiting with invasive populations of wild rose-ringed (Psittacula krameri) and monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus) that were found positive for a particular BFDV genotype in Sevilla, southern Spain. None of the 290 individuals from the 18 native bird species captured showed typical signs of disease caused by BFDV. A sample of 79 individuals from 15 native species showed negative results for the presence of the BFDV genotype previously detected in the sympatric invasive parakeets, as well as any other of the circoviruses tested. Although preliminary, this study suggests a lack of circovirus transmission from invasive parakeets to native birds at the study site. Further research is needed to determine if this apparent absence in transmission depends on the BFDV genotype present in the parakeets, which requires additional screening in other invasive and native populations living in sympatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Blanco
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, National Museum of Natural Sciences (MNCN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Francisco Morinha
- Morinha Lab—Laboratory of Biodiversity and Molecular Genetics, 5000-562 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Martina Carrete
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, University Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. de Utrera km. 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - José L. Tella
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 41092 Sevilla, Spain;
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28
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Fehér E, Kaszab E, Bali K, Hoitsy M, Sós E, Bányai K. Novel Circoviruses from Birds Share Common Evolutionary Roots with Fish Origin Circoviruses. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030368. [PMID: 35330119 PMCID: PMC8950603 DOI: 10.3390/life12030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circoviruses occur in a variety of animal species and are common pathogens of mammalian and avian hosts. In our study internal organ samples of wild birds were processed for screening of circoviral sequences. Two novel viruses were identified and characterized in specimens of a little bittern and a European bee-eater that suffered from wing injuries, were weakened, had liver or kidney failures, and finally succumbed at a rescue station. The 1935 nt and 1960 nt long viral DNA genomes exhibited a genomic structure typical for circoviruses and were predicted to encode replication-associated protein in the viral strand, and a capsid protein in the complementary strand of the replicative intermediate DNA form. The genome of the newly described viruses showed 37.6% pairwise identity with each other and ≤41.5% identity with circovirus sequences, and shared a common branch with fish, human and Weddel seal circoviruses in the phylogenetic tree, implying evolutionary relationship among the ancestors of these viruses. Based on the results the little bittern and European bee-eater circoviruses represent two distinct species of the Circovirus genus, Circoviridae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enikő Fehér
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (E.K.); (K.B.); (K.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eszter Kaszab
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (E.K.); (K.B.); (K.B.)
| | - Krisztina Bali
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (E.K.); (K.B.); (K.B.)
| | - Márton Hoitsy
- Conservation and Veterinary Services, Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden, H-1164 Budapest, Hungary; (M.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Endre Sós
- Conservation and Veterinary Services, Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden, H-1164 Budapest, Hungary; (M.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (E.K.); (K.B.); (K.B.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
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Yao XY, Yang JC, Yuan S, Zeng FC, Zhang YQ, Liu H, Sun J, Lv ZH, Huang SJ, Zhang XL. Extensive Genetic Diversity and Recombination Events Identified in Goose Circoviruses Circulating in partial areas of Guangdong province, southern China. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101767. [PMID: 35240356 PMCID: PMC8889405 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Legnardi M, Grassi L, Franzo G, Menandro ML, Tucciarone CM, Minichino A, Dipineto L, Borrelli L, Fioretti A, Cecchinato M. Detection and Molecular Characterization of a Novel Species of Circovirus in a Tawny Owl (Strix aluco) in Southern Italy. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12020135. [PMID: 35049758 PMCID: PMC8772546 DOI: 10.3390/ani12020135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The genus Circovirus groups some of the smallest viruses capable of autonomous replication, including some notable swine and avian pathogens. Among domestic and wild birds, circoviruses are often associated with immunosuppression and integumental disorders, but, despite their relevance, nothing is known about their circulation in birds of prey. By conducting molecular analyses on samples from birds of prey recovered by a wildlife rescue centre in Italy, we identified a new viral species in the spleen of a tawny owl (Strix aluco). However, there is contrasting evidence regarding its definitive host. On one hand, the virus was discovered to be phylogenetically closer to mammalian rather than avian circoviruses, which allows speculations on its host being a micromammal preyed by the tawny owl, rather than the bird itself. On the other hand, its detection in the spleen, a lymphoid organ in which other avian circoviruses are often detected, supports the tawny owl being its actual host, perhaps following a spillover event associated with predation. Adding to the growing number of circoviruses found in recent years in a diverse range of hosts, this discovery represents another step forward in the characterization of this genus of remarkable veterinary importance. Abstract Thanks to recent developments in molecular methods, many new species have been discovered within the genus Circovirus, which comprises viruses of veterinary relevance found in a broad range of hosts. In particular, several circoviruses are known to infect birds, often causing immunosuppression and feathering disorders. Nonetheless, nothing is known about their circulation in birds of prey. In this study, samples from 61 birds of prey representing ten different species, recovered by a wildlife rescue centre in Southern Italy, were taken at necropsy and analysed by PCR with pan-Circovirus primers. Only one sample, collected from a tawny owl (Strix aluco), tested positive. Its genome, sequenced by primer walking, displays the typical features of circoviruses. Based on demarcation criteria, the detected strain qualifies as a novel species, which was named “tawny owl-associated circovirus” (ToCV). Phylogenetically, ToCV clustered with mammalian rather than avian circoviruses, and its closeness to a rodent circovirus suggests that its host may have been a micromammal eaten by the tawny owl. On the other hand, its detection in the spleen fits with the tropism of other avian circoviruses. Little can be therefore said on its biology and pathogenicity, and further efforts are needed to better characterize its epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Legnardi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Animale, Produzione e Salute, Università di Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (L.G.); (G.F.); (M.L.M.); (C.M.T.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura Grassi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Animale, Produzione e Salute, Università di Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (L.G.); (G.F.); (M.L.M.); (C.M.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Giovanni Franzo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Animale, Produzione e Salute, Università di Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (L.G.); (G.F.); (M.L.M.); (C.M.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Luisa Menandro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Animale, Produzione e Salute, Università di Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (L.G.); (G.F.); (M.L.M.); (C.M.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Claudia Maria Tucciarone
- Dipartimento di Medicina Animale, Produzione e Salute, Università di Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (L.G.); (G.F.); (M.L.M.); (C.M.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Adriano Minichino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (A.M.); (L.D.); (L.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Ludovico Dipineto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (A.M.); (L.D.); (L.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Luca Borrelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (A.M.); (L.D.); (L.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Alessandro Fioretti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (A.M.); (L.D.); (L.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Mattia Cecchinato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Animale, Produzione e Salute, Università di Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (L.G.); (G.F.); (M.L.M.); (C.M.T.); (M.C.)
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Blanch-Lázaro B, Ribot RF, Berg ML, Alexandersen S, Bennett AT. Ability to detect antibodies to beak and feather disease virus in blood on filter paper decreases with duration of storage. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12642. [PMID: 35036139 PMCID: PMC8697771 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) is a circovirus that infects captive and wild psittacine birds, and is of conservation concern. The haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay is used to determine antibody titres against BFDV, and the use of dried blood spots (DBS) on filter paper stored at room temperature has been suggested to be an equally valid technique to the use of frozen serum. However, research on other pathogens has found variable results when investigating the longevity of antibodies stored on DBS at room temperature. Consequently, we aimed to test the temporal stability of antibodies to BFDV in DBS samples stored long-term at room temperature. A further goal was to add to the current knowledge of antibody response to naturally acquired BFDV infection in crimson rosellas (Platycercus elegans). Methods Blood was collected from wild P. elegans in Victoria, Australia, that had been live-trapped (n = 9) or necropsied (n = 11). BFDV virus load data were obtained from blood stored in ethanol by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR); antibody titres were obtained by HI assay from either DBS or serum samples, which had been collected concurrently. All HI assays were performed commercially by the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (VDL) in Charles Sturt University, Australia, who were blind to BFDV blood status. Results HI titres from DBS stored at room temperature declined significantly over time (~80 weeks). By contrast, frozen serum samples assayed after 80 weeks in storage all had high HI titres, only varying up to one dilution step from the initial HI titres obtained from DBS at 3–6 weeks after sampling. Weak HI titres from DBS samples all came back negative when the test was repeated only nine weeks later. Novel high HI titres were reported in P. elegans, and while most birds with high antibody titres had corresponding negative qPCR results, a single subadult presented with high HI titres and virus load simultaneously. Conclusion Detection of antibodies on filter paper stored at room temperature decreases over time, increasing the chances of false negatives in these samples, and in repeated testing of samples with weak HI titres. Consequently, serum should be the preferred sample type to use for seroepidemiological studies on BFDV in parrots and other bird species. When not possible, it may help to store DBS on filter paper at −20 °C or lower. However, prompt testing of DBS samples (e.g., <6 weeks in storage) is recommended pending further research on antibody temporal stability. We also show that P. elegans, especially adults, can produce high antibody titres against BFDV, which may help them resist infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Blanch-Lázaro
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Geelong Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Raoul F.H. Ribot
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mathew L. Berg
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Soren Alexandersen
- Geelong Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew T.D. Bennett
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Bolton D, Bover‐Cid S, Chemaly M, Davies R, De Cesare A, Herman L, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Peixe L, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Bottari B, Cummins E, Ylivainio K, Muñoz Guajardo I, Ortiz‐Pelaez A, Alvarez‐Ordóñez A. Inactivation of indicator microorganisms and biological hazards by standard and/or alternative processing methods in Category 2 and 3 animal by-products and derived products to be used as organic fertilisers and/or soil improvers. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06932. [PMID: 34900004 PMCID: PMC8638561 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Commission requested EFSA to assess if different thermal processes achieve a 5 log10 reduction in Enterococcus faecalis or Salmonella Senftenberg (775W) and (if relevant) a 3 log10 reduction in thermoresistant viruses (e.g. Parvovirus) as well as if different chemical processes achieve a 3 log10 reduction of eggs of Ascaris sp., in eight groups of Category 2 and 3 derived products and animal by-products (ABP). These included (1) ash derived from incineration, co-incineration and combustion; (2) glycerine derived from the production of biodiesel and renewable fuels; (3) other materials derived from the production of biodiesel and renewable fuels; (4) hides and skins; (5) wool and hair; (6) feathers and down; (7) pig bristles; and (8) horns, horn products, hooves and hoof products. Data on the presence of viral hazards and on thermal and chemical inactivation of the targeted indicator microorganisms and biological hazards under relevant processing conditions were extracted via extensive literature searches. The evidence was assessed via expert knowledge elicitation. The certainty that the required log10 reductions in the most resistant indicator microorganisms or biological hazards will be achieved for each of the eight groups of materials mentioned above by the thermal and/or chemical processes was (1) 99-100% for the two processes assessed; (2) 98-100% in Category 2 ABP, at least 90-99% in Category 3 ABP; (3) 90-99% in Category 2 ABP; at least 66-90% in Category 3 ABP; (4) 10-66% and 33-66%; (5) 1-33% and 10-50%; (6) 66-90%; (7) 33-66% and 50-95%; (8) 66-95%, respectively. Data generation on the occurrence and reduction of biological hazards by thermal and/or chemical methods in these materials and on the characterisation of the usage pathways of ABP as organic fertilisers/soil improvers is recommended.
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Chen J, Wang H, Pei H, Wang J, Wu H, Zhong J, Zhu W, Chen D, Wu S, Tong J, Zhang Y, Zhang J. The Prevalence, Coinfection, and Evolutionary and Molecular Characteristics of Prevalent Goose Circovirus in Guangdong, China. Avian Dis 2021; 65:559-571. [DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-21-00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jidang Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China, 528225
| | - He Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China, 528225
| | - Hao Pei
- Department of Anesthesia, National Children's Medical Center, Children‘s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 201102
| | - Jiehuang Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China, 528225
| | - Huiji Wu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China, 528225
| | - Jiacheng Zhong
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China, 528225
| | - Wanjun Zhu
- Wanmuzhou Biotechnology Limited, Foshan, Guangdong, China, 528225
| | - Decheng Chen
- Wanmuzhou Biotechnology Limited, Foshan, Guangdong, China, 528225
| | - Shiliang Wu
- Wanmuzhou Biotechnology Limited, Foshan, Guangdong, China, 528225
| | - Jiaxin Tong
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China, 528225
| | - Yishan Zhang
- Wanmuzhou Biotechnology Limited, Foshan, Guangdong, China, 528225
| | - Jipei Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China, 528225
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Tarasova E, Okimoto N, Feng S, Nerukh D, Khayat R, Taiji M. Constant pH molecular dynamics of porcine circovirus 2 capsid protein reveals a mechanism for capsid assembly. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:24617-24626. [PMID: 34726674 PMCID: PMC8705882 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02874j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal regulation of viral capsid assembly ensures the selection of the viral genome for encapsidation. The porcine circovirus 2 is the smallest autonomously replicating pathogenic virus, yet how PCV2 capsid assembly is regulated to occur within the nucleus remains unknown. We report that pure PCV2 capsid proteins, in the absence of nucleic acids, require acidic conditions to assemble into empty capsids in vitro. By employing constant pH replica exchange molecular dynamics, we unveil the atomistic mechanism of pH-dependency for capsid assembly. The results show that an appropriate protonation configuration for a cluster of acidic amino acids is necessary to appropriately position the GH-loop for driving the capsid assembly. We demonstrate that assembly is prohibited at neutral pH because deprotonation of these residues results in their electrostatic repulsion, shifting the GH-loop to a position incompatible with capsid assembly. We propose that encapsulation of nucleic acids overcomes this repulsion to suitably position the GH-loop. Our findings provide the first atomic resolution mechanism of capsid assembly regulation. These findings are useful for the development of therapeutics that inhibit PCV2 self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Tarasova
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Noriaki Okimoto
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
- Drug Discovery Molecular Simulation Platform Unit, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Shanshan Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Dmitry Nerukh
- Department of Mathematics, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Reza Khayat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Makoto Taiji
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
- Drug Discovery Molecular Simulation Platform Unit, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
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Sahindokuyucu I, Turkmen MB, Sumer T, Elhag AE, Alcigir ME, Yazici Z, Barry G, Gulbahar MY, Kul O. First detection and molecular characterisation of a pigeon aviadenovirus A and pigeon circovirus co-infection associated with Young Pigeon Disease Syndrome (YPDS) in Turkish pigeons (Columba livia domestica). Vet Med Sci 2021; 8:139-149. [PMID: 34729940 PMCID: PMC8788887 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigeon aviadenovirus A and Pigeon circovirus are both DNA viruses, infect and cause severe clinical diseases in pigeons. These viruses are associated with an immunosuppression syndrome similar to ‘Young Pigeon Disease Syndrome’ (YPDS). This study reports the identification of a natural co‐infection, with severe clinical signs (crop vomiting, watery diarrhoea, anorexia and sudden death) of Pigeon aviadenovirus A and Pigeon circovirus in a breeding pigeon flock in Central Anatolia, Turkey. Both viruses were isolated from pigeons pooled internal organs using primary chicken embryo kidney cell cultures (CEKC) and specific pathogen‐free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs. Also, both viruses were identified by PCR amplification followed by Sanger sequencing whereas histopathological examination showed degenerated hepatocytes with basophilic intranuclear viral inclusions. As known, both viruses typically have similar transmission characteristics and common clinical manifestations; however, co‐infection may exacerbate the disease with devastating outcomes. This is the first report of its kind in Turkey for those viruses and is essential for the protection against these kinds of infections in pigeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Sahindokuyucu
- Poultry Diseases Diagnostic Laboratory, Bornova Veterinary Control Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Merve Biskin Turkmen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Tugce Sumer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Ahmed Eisa Elhag
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Virology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.,Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Preventive Medicine and Clinical Studies, University of Gadarif, Al Qadarif, Sudan
| | - Mehmet Eray Alcigir
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Zafer Yazici
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Virology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gerald Barry
- Veterinary Science Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College of Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mustafa Yavuz Gulbahar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Oguz Kul
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
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Newcastle Disease Virus Vectored Chicken Infectious Anaemia Vaccine Induces Robust Immune Response in Chickens. Viruses 2021; 13:v13101985. [PMID: 34696415 PMCID: PMC8540149 DOI: 10.3390/v13101985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain R2B, with an altered fusion protein cleavage site, was used as a viral vector to deliver the immunogenic genes VP2 and VP1 of chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV) to generate a bivalent vaccine candidate against these diseases in chickens. The immunogenic genes of CIAV were expressed as a single transcriptional unit from the NDV backbone and the two CIA viral proteins were obtained as separate entities using a self-cleaving foot-and-mouth disease virus 2A protease sequence between them. The recombinant virus (rR2B-FPCS-CAV) had similar growth kinetics as that of the parent recombinant virus (rR2B-FPCS) in vitro with similar pathogenicity characteristics. The bivalent vaccine candidate when given in specific pathogen-free chickens as primary and booster doses was able to elicit robust humoral and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses obtained in a vaccination study that was conducted over a period of 15 weeks. In an NDV and CIAV ELISA trial, there was a significant difference in the titres of antibody between vaccinated and control groups which showed slight reduction in antibody titre by 56 days of age. Hence, a second booster was administered and the antibody titres were maintained until 84 days of age. Similar trends were noticed in CMI response carried out by lymphocyte transformation test, CD4+ and CD8+ response by flow cytometry analysis and response of real time PCR analysis of cytokine genes. Birds were challenged with virulent NDV and CIAV at 84 days and there was significant reduction in the NDV shed on the 2nd and 4th days post challenge in vaccinated birds as compared to unvaccinated controls. Haematological parameters comprising PCV, TLC, PLC and PHC were estimated in birds that were challenged with CIAV that indicated a significant reduction in the blood parameters of controls. Our findings support the development and assessment of a bivalent vaccine candidate against NDV and CIAV in chickens.
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Saleh M, Sellyei B, Kovács G, Székely C. Viruses Infecting the European Catfish ( Silurus glanis). Viruses 2021; 13:1865. [PMID: 34578446 PMCID: PMC8473376 DOI: 10.3390/v13091865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In aquaculture, disease management and pathogen control are key for a successful fish farming industry. In past years, European catfish farming has been flourishing. However, devastating fish pathogens including limiting fish viruses are considered a big threat to further expanding of the industry. Even though mainly the ranavirus (Iridoviridea) and circovirus (Circoviridea) infections are considered well- described in European catfish, more other agents including herpes-, rhabdo or papillomaviruses are also observed in the tissues of catfish with or without any symptoms. The etiological role of these viruses has been unclear until now. Hence, there is a requisite for more detailed information about the latter and the development of preventive and therapeutic approaches to complete them. In this review, we summarize recent knowledge about viruses that affect the European catfish and describe their origin, distribution, molecular characterisation, and phylogenetic classification. We also highlight the knowledge gaps, which need more in-depth investigations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Saleh
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Boglárka Sellyei
- Fish Pathology and Parasitology Research Team, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt. 21., 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (B.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Gyula Kovács
- Research Institute for Fisheries and Aquaculture (HAKI), Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Anna-liget utca 35., 5540 Szarvas, Hungary;
| | - Csaba Székely
- Fish Pathology and Parasitology Research Team, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt. 21., 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (B.S.); (C.S.)
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Patterson QM, Kraberger S, Martin DP, Shero MR, Beltran RS, Kirkham AL, Aleamotu'a M, Ainley DG, Kim S, Burns JM, Varsani A. Circoviruses and cycloviruses identified in Weddell seal fecal samples from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 95:105070. [PMID: 34481994 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Circoviridae is a family of circular single-stranded DNA viruses whose members infect a wide variety of hosts. While well characterized in avian and mammalian hosts, little is known about circoviruses associated with Antarctic animals. From 48 Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) fecal samples collected on the sea ice in McMurdo between Nov 2014 and Dec 2014, we identified and determined the genomes of novel viruses that fall within two genera of the family Circoviridae, i.e. Circovirus (n = 7) and Cyclovirus (n = 45). We named these viruses as werosea circovirus (WerCV) and werosea cyclovirus (WerCyV). The genomes of WerCV and WerCyV share ~63-64% genome-wide pairwise identity with classified circoviruses and cycloviruses, respectively. Based on the species demarcation threshold of 80% for members of the Circoviridae, the genomes of WerCV and WerCyV represent new species in their respective genera. Evidence indicated recombination in five of the 45 WerCyV genomes identified in this study. These are the first circoviruses found associated with Antarctic pinnipeds, adding to those recently identified associated with Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae) and chinstrap penguins (P. antarcticus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn M Patterson
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Simona Kraberger
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Darren P Martin
- Computational Biology Division, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Michelle R Shero
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Roxanne S Beltran
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, 130 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Amy L Kirkham
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 17101 Point Lena Loop Road, Juneau, AK 99801, USA
| | - Maketalena Aleamotu'a
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | | | - Stacy Kim
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA
| | - Jennifer M Burns
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa.
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Kannaki TR, Priyanka E, Subbiah M, Haunshi S. Development and validation of high throughput real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for quantitative detection of chicken infectious anemia virus. Virusdisease 2021; 32:343-346. [PMID: 34423101 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-020-00648-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A real time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) assay was developed to detect and quantify the chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV). The two sets of primers specific to VP1 region of CIAV were designed and their sensitivity and efficacy were studied. Both the primers designed in this study were highly sensitive and were able to detect upto 0.01 fg/μl or 82 × 102 copy number of plasmid DNA. The efficiency of the real time PCR was 100.9%. The results have also shown that the present qPCR assay is 100 times more sensitive than regular qualitative PCR. Both primer sets were validated using 28 field poultry samples and showed good results. The optimized real-time quantitative PCR will be useful in quick detection of field outbreaks, sub-clinical infection in poultry flocks, virus pathogenesis studies and for detecting vaccine contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Kannaki
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500030 India
- Avian Health Lab, ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500030 India
| | - E Priyanka
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500030 India
| | - Madhuri Subbiah
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 032 India
| | - Santosh Haunshi
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500030 India
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40
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Detection of bat-associated circoviruses in Korean bats. Arch Virol 2021; 166:3013-3021. [PMID: 34402973 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05202-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, several novel circular single-stranded DNA viruses have been detected in various mammals, birds, insects, and environmental samples using metagenomic and high-throughput sequencing approaches. In this study, we tested for the presence of circoviruses in 243 bat fecal samples collected between 2018 and 2019 from 48 sampling sites across Korea. To detect circoviruses, nested PCR was performed with degenerate primers targeting a conserved replication-associated protein (rep) gene of circovirus/cyclovirus. Among 243 samples tested, a total of 37 fecal samples from 14 sampling sites were PCR-positive for circoviruses at a frequency rate of 15.23%. We obtained 36 partial rep gene sequences of circoviruses and one complete genome sequence of bat-associated circovirus 12, encompassing a genome size of 2097 nt containing two inversely arranged open reading frames and a conserved nonamer sequence in the apex of a stem-loop structure. In addition, we found four bat species that were harboring circoviruses in Korea based on species identification PCR of circovirus-positive bat fecal samples. Detailed sequence analysis indicated that the bat-associated circovirus sequences identified in this study were related to those of known bat and avian groups of circoviruses. Herein, we report evidence for the presence of bat-associated circoviruses in Korean bats.
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41
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Hubálek Z. Pathogenic microorganisms associated with gulls and terns (Laridae). JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.25225/jvb.21009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Hubálek
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail:
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42
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Kabir MAA, Saha S, Hossain MG, Khan KA, Islam MA, Rahman L. Serological survey on the prevalence of chicken infectious anemia virus in broiler breeder and layer farms in some selected areas of Bangladesh. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2021; 8:323-329. [PMID: 34395604 PMCID: PMC8280981 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2021.h518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) is an economically important emerging infection of poultry as it causes immunosuppression and reduces egg production. Although it is worldwide distributed and first reported (single case) in Bangladesh in 2002, no epidemiological and serological investigations have been conducted. The current study aimed to conduct a serological investigation on the prevalence of CIAV infection in broiler breeder and layer farms in some selected areas of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A total number of 460 sera samples were randomly collected from unvaccinated broiler breeder and layer flocks, of which 276 were from 11 broiler breeder farms and 184 from 12 layer farms. The sera samples were subjected to a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit to observe antibodies induced by CIAV. Results: Results demonstrated that the overall prevalence of CIAV was 83.6% among a total of 460 samples. In broiler breeder birds, the prevalence was 89.9%, whereas it was 78.3% in layer birds. A higher number of female birds was found to be seropositive than male birds. However, chickens of all age groups were found to be susceptible to the virus. Conclusions: These results indicate the presence of CIAV in Bangladesh, which may be the sequel of naturally occurring either vertical or horizontal infection in all bird flocks tested without clinical symptoms of the disease. A further epidemiological investigation will be required, followed by molecular isolation and characterization of the virus for suitable vaccine candidate selection and/or preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Al Arif Kabir
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Sukumar Saha
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Golzar Hossain
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Kamrul Ahmed Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Alimul Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Lutfor Rahman
- Poultry Care Lab, Paragon Group, Gazipur, Bangladesh
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43
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Viral Proteins as Emerging Cancer Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092199. [PMID: 34063663 PMCID: PMC8125098 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review is focused on enlisting viral proteins from different host sources, irrespective of their origin, that may act as future cancer curatives. Unlike the viral proteins that are responsible for tumor progression, these newly emerged viral proteins function as tumor suppressors. Their ability to regulate various cell signaling mechanisms specifically in cancer cells makes them interesting candidates to explore their use in cancer therapy. The discussion about such viral components may provide new insights into cancer treatment in the absence of any adverse effects to normal cells. The study also highlights avian viral proteins as a substitute to human oncolytic viruses for their ability to evade pre-existing immunity. Abstract Viruses are obligatory intracellular parasites that originated millions of years ago. Viral elements cover almost half of the human genome sequence and have evolved as genetic blueprints in humans. They have existed as endosymbionts as they are largely dependent on host cell metabolism. Viral proteins are known to regulate different mechanisms in the host cells by hijacking cellular metabolism to benefit viral replication. Amicable viral proteins, on the other hand, from several viruses can participate in mediating growth retardation of cancer cells based on genetic abnormalities while sparing normal cells. These proteins exert discreet yet converging pathways to regulate events like cell cycle and apoptosis in human cancer cells. This property of viral proteins could be harnessed for their use in cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss viral proteins from different sources as potential anticancer therapeutics.
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Cheng A, Wang M, Yin Z, Huang J, Jia R. Apoptosis Triggered by ORF3 Proteins of the Circoviridae Family. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:609071. [PMID: 33604306 PMCID: PMC7884757 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.609071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis, a form of the programmed cell death, is an indispensable defense mechanism regulating cellular homeostasis and is triggered by multiple stimuli. Because of the regulation of apoptosis in cellular homeostasis, viral proteins with apoptotic activity are particular foci of on antitumor therapy. One representative viral protein is the open reading frame 3 (ORF3) protein, also named as apoptin in the Circoviridae chicken anemia virus (CAV), and has the ability to induce tumor-specific apoptosis. Proteins encoded by ORF3 in other circovirus species, such as porcine circovirus (PCV) and duck circovirus (DuCV), have also been reported to induce apoptosis, with subtle differences in apoptotic activity based on cell types. This article is aimed at reviewing the latest research advancements in understanding ORF3 protein-mediated apoptosis mechanisms of Circoviridae from three perspectives: subcellular localization, interactions with host proteins, and participation in multiple apoptotic signaling pathways, providing a scientific basis for circovirus pathogenesis and a reference on its potential anticancer function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Zhang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingcui Zhang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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45
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Simeonov KB, Kril AI, Dimitrov PS, Shikova EE, Russev RV. Effects of chicken anaemia virus on experimental leukosis, induced by avian myelocytomatosis virus Mc29. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of concomitant infection with chicken anaemia virus (CAV) on the incidence, clinical manifestation and mortality from leukosis, induced by the avian myelocytomatosis virus strain Mc29 were studied. Experimental one-day-old 15 I line White Leghorn chickens were inoculated simultaneously with Mc29 and CAV or with Mc29 alone and observed daily for clinical signs and mortality. Both groups of chickens inoculated with Mc29 virus strain alone or in combination with CAV developed tumours and died within 57 days. Necropsy has been performed on all dead birds following the standard protocol. Organ samples from thymuses, spleens, bone marrow, and livers were collected and histopathologically investigated. Neoplasms detected included myelocytomas, nephroblastomas and hepatocellular carcinomas. In addition, 50% of the CAV/Mc29-inoculated chickens developed epithelial type thymomas. However, no such lesions were found in chickens infected with Mc29 alone. No significant differences in the clinical course of leukosis between the two experimental groups of chickens were observed. The results indicated that CAV infection did not affect substantially the incidence and mortality from avian leukosis, induced by myelocytomatosis virus strain Mc29, but contributed to greater variety of the induced tumours.
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46
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Nath BK, Das S, Roby JA, Sarker S, Luque D, Raidal SR, Forwood JK. Structural Perspectives of Beak and Feather Disease Virus and Porcine Circovirus Proteins. Viral Immunol 2020; 34:49-59. [PMID: 33275868 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2020.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Circoviruses represent a rapidly expanding group of viruses that infect both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Members are responsible for diseases of veterinary and economic importance, including postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs, and beak and feather disease (BFD) in birds. These viruses are associated with lymphoid depletion and immunosuppressive conditions in infected animals leading to systemic illness. Circoviruses are small nonenveloped DNA viruses containing a single-stranded circular genome, encoding two major proteins: the capsid-associated protein (Cap), comprising the entirety of the viral capsid, and the replication-associated protein (Rep). Cap is the only protein component of the virion and plays crucial roles throughout the virus replication cycle, including viral attachment, cell entry, genome uncoating, and packaging of newly formed viral particles. Rep mediates recognition of replication origin motifs in the viral genome sequence and is responsible for endonuclease activity enabling nicking of the circular DNA and initiation of rolling-circle replication (RCR). Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) was the first circovirus capsid structure to be solved at atomic resolution using X-ray crystallography. The structure revealed an assembly comprising 60 monomeric subunits to form virus-like particles. Each Cap monomer harbors a canonical viral jelly roll domain composed of two, four-stranded antiparallel β-sheets. Crystal structures of two distinct macromolecular assemblies from BFD virus Cap were also resolved at high resolution. In these structures, the exposure of the N-terminal arginine-rich motif, responsible for DNA binding and nuclear localization is reversed. Additional structural investigations have also elucidated a PCV2 type-specific neutralizing epitope, and interaction between the PCV2 capsid and polymers such as heparin. In this review, we provide a snapshot of the structural and functional aspects of circovirus proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babu Kanti Nath
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
| | - Shubhagata Das
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
| | - Justin A Roby
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
| | - Subir Sarker
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel Luque
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología/ISCIII, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Shane R Raidal
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
| | - Jade K Forwood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
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47
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Thi Kha Tu N, Thi Thu Hong N, Thi Han Ny N, My Phuc T, Thi Thanh Tam P, van Doorn HR, Dang Trung Nghia H, Thao Huong D, An Han D, Thi Thu Ha L, Deng X, Thwaites G, Delwart E, Virtala AMK, Vapalahti O, Baker S, Van Tan L. The Virome of Acute Respiratory Diseases in Individuals at Risk of Zoonotic Infections. Viruses 2020; 12:E960. [PMID: 32872469 PMCID: PMC7552073 DOI: 10.3390/v12090960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic emphasizes the need to actively study the virome of unexplained respiratory diseases. We performed viral metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) analysis of 91 nasal-throat swabs from individuals working with animals and with acute respiratory diseases. Fifteen virus RT-PCR-positive samples were included as controls, while the other 76 samples were RT-PCR negative for a wide panel of respiratory pathogens. Eukaryotic viruses detected by mNGS were then screened by PCR (using primers based on mNGS-derived contigs) in all samples to compare viral detection by mNGS versus PCR and assess the utility of mNGS in routine diagnostics. mNGS identified expected human rhinoviruses, enteroviruses, influenza A virus, coronavirus OC43, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) A in 13 of 15 (86.7%) positive control samples. Additionally, rotavirus, torque teno virus, human papillomavirus, human betaherpesvirus 7, cyclovirus, vientovirus, gemycircularvirus, and statovirus were identified through mNGS. Notably, complete genomes of novel cyclovirus, gemycircularvirus, and statovirus were genetically characterized. Using PCR screening, the novel cyclovirus was additionally detected in 5 and the novel gemycircularvirus in 12 of the remaining samples included for mNGS analysis. Our studies therefore provide pioneering data of the virome of acute-respiratory diseases from individuals at risk of zoonotic infections. The mNGS protocol/pipeline applied here is sensitive for the detection of a variety of viruses, including novel ones. More frequent detections of the novel viruses by PCR than by mNGS on the same samples suggests that PCR remains the most sensitive diagnostic test for viruses whose genomes are known. The detection of novel viruses expands our understanding of the respiratory virome of animal-exposed humans and warrant further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Kha Tu
- Doctoral School in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City 7000, Vietnam; (N.T.T.H.); (N.T.H.N.); (T.M.P.); (P.T.T.T.); (H.D.T.N.); (D.T.H.); (G.T.)
- Dong Thap Provincial Center for Disease Control, Cao Lanh City 660273, Dong Thap Province, Vietnam; (D.A.H.); (L.T.T.H.)
| | - Nguyen Thi Thu Hong
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City 7000, Vietnam; (N.T.T.H.); (N.T.H.N.); (T.M.P.); (P.T.T.T.); (H.D.T.N.); (D.T.H.); (G.T.)
| | - Nguyen Thi Han Ny
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City 7000, Vietnam; (N.T.T.H.); (N.T.H.N.); (T.M.P.); (P.T.T.T.); (H.D.T.N.); (D.T.H.); (G.T.)
| | - Tran My Phuc
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City 7000, Vietnam; (N.T.T.H.); (N.T.H.N.); (T.M.P.); (P.T.T.T.); (H.D.T.N.); (D.T.H.); (G.T.)
| | - Pham Thi Thanh Tam
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City 7000, Vietnam; (N.T.T.H.); (N.T.H.N.); (T.M.P.); (P.T.T.T.); (H.D.T.N.); (D.T.H.); (G.T.)
| | - H. Rogier van Doorn
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ha Noi 8000, Vietnam;
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LG, UK
| | - Ho Dang Trung Nghia
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City 7000, Vietnam; (N.T.T.H.); (N.T.H.N.); (T.M.P.); (P.T.T.T.); (H.D.T.N.); (D.T.H.); (G.T.)
| | - Dang Thao Huong
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City 7000, Vietnam; (N.T.T.H.); (N.T.H.N.); (T.M.P.); (P.T.T.T.); (H.D.T.N.); (D.T.H.); (G.T.)
| | - Duong An Han
- Dong Thap Provincial Center for Disease Control, Cao Lanh City 660273, Dong Thap Province, Vietnam; (D.A.H.); (L.T.T.H.)
| | - Luu Thi Thu Ha
- Dong Thap Provincial Center for Disease Control, Cao Lanh City 660273, Dong Thap Province, Vietnam; (D.A.H.); (L.T.T.H.)
| | - Xutao Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (X.D.); (E.D.)
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Guy Thwaites
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City 7000, Vietnam; (N.T.T.H.); (N.T.H.N.); (T.M.P.); (P.T.T.T.); (H.D.T.N.); (D.T.H.); (G.T.)
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LG, UK
| | - Eric Delwart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (X.D.); (E.D.)
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Anna-Maija K. Virtala
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- Doctoral School in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Virology and Immunology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephen Baker
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK;
| | - Le Van Tan
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City 7000, Vietnam; (N.T.T.H.); (N.T.H.N.); (T.M.P.); (P.T.T.T.); (H.D.T.N.); (D.T.H.); (G.T.)
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Li Y, Ma Z, Liu M, Cao L, Zhang J, Jiao Q, Meng F, Tong Z, Hu S, Jiang Z, Yang Y, Li B, Liu S. Porcine circovirus 3 in cattle in Shandong province of China: A retrospective study from 2011 to 2018. Vet Microbiol 2020; 248:108824. [PMID: 32891952 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is a new member of Circovirus, which could cause various symptoms in infected pigs. It has been reported in many countries and detected from various animals. This study retrospectively analyzed serum samples that were randomly collected from 1,499 clinically healthy cattle in Shandong province from 2011 to 2018. The PCV3 DNA was detected in 28.95% (434/1,499) of samples. Twenty-seven cap genes of PCV3 were sequenced and compared with seventy reference sequences. They were in several different branches, but all belonged to PCV3b. The results indicated that PCV3 was prevalent in health cattle in Shandong province of China. Though infected cattle did not show any clinical symptoms, they could be a reservoir for the virus and probably transferred them back to pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Zicheng Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Mengda Liu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, 266032, China
| | - Longlong Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Qiulin Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Fanliang Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Ze Tong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Shilin Hu
- College of Animal Medicine, Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, Shandong, 261061, China
| | - Zixin Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yudong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Baoquan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Sidang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
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Cibulski S, Weber MN, de Sales Lima FE, Lima DAD, Fernandes Dos Santos H, Teixeira TF, Varela APM, Tochetto C, Mayer FQ, Roehe PM. Viral metagenomics in Brazilian Pekin ducks identifies two gyrovirus, including a new species, and the potentially pathogenic duck circovirus. Virology 2020; 548:101-108. [PMID: 32838930 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Viral metagenomics coupled to high-throughput sequencing has provided a powerful tool for large-scale detection of known and unknown viruses associated to distinct hosts and environments. Using this approach, known and novel viruses have been characterized from sylvatic and commercial avian hosts, increasing our understanding of the viral diversity in these species. In the present work we applied an exploratory viral metagenomics on organs (spleen, liver and bursa of Fabricious) of Pekin ducks from Southern Brazil. The virome contained sequences related to a known duck pathogen (duck circovirus) and a number of other circular ssDNA viruses. Additionally, we detected avian gyrovirus 9 (to date detected only in human feces) and one new avian gyrovirus species, to which is proposed the name avian gyrovirus 13 (GyV13). This study is expected to contribute to the knowledge of the viral diversity in Pekin ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Cibulski
- Centro de Biotecnologia - CBiotec, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Nunes Weber
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Francisco Esmaile de Sales Lima
- Departamento de Microbiologia Imunologia e Parasitologia, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Diane Alves de Lima
- Departamento de Microbiologia Imunologia e Parasitologia, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Helton Fernandes Dos Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia Imunologia e Parasitologia, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thais Fumaco Teixeira
- Departamento de Microbiologia Imunologia e Parasitologia, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Muterle Varela
- Departamento de Microbiologia Imunologia e Parasitologia, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Caroline Tochetto
- Departamento de Microbiologia Imunologia e Parasitologia, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Quoos Mayer
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Michel Roehe
- Departamento de Microbiologia Imunologia e Parasitologia, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Crispo M, Blakey J, Shivaprasad HL, Laroucau K, Vorimore F, Aaziz R, Bickford A, Pesavento J, Stoute ST. Chlamydiosis in a Gouldian Finch ( Erythrura gouldiae). Avian Dis 2020; 64:216-222. [PMID: 32550623 DOI: 10.1637/0005-2086-64.2.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Avian chlamydiosis is an infection caused by obligate intracellular and Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the family Chlamydiaceae and has been reported in more than 450 avian species distributed in 30 orders. In particular, a high prevalence of infection has been demonstrated in wild passerine populations, including both asymptomatic and clinically ill individuals, suggesting a role of these avian species as important carriers. In May 2018, avian chlamydiosis was diagnosed in a 1-year-old male Gouldian finch (Erythrura gouldiae) at the Turlock Branch of the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System. The bird belonged to an outdoor aviary with mixed avian species, including Gouldian finches, doves (Geopelia cuneata and Spilopelia chinensis), and psittacines (Aratinga, Psittacula, Pyrrhura, and Trichoglossus sp.). Severe respiratory distress and mortality were noted among the finches. Gross and histopathologic lesions were concentrated in the liver and spleen, with a mild involvement of the upper respiratory tract. Chlamydia spp. were detected in the spleen and kidney by real-time PCR and were further confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Subsequently, Chlamydia psittaci was isolated from the liver and spleen and characterized as a CP3-like strain (genotype B). In addition, viral particles compatible with circovirus were identified in the liver by direct electron microscopy. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of avian chlamydiosis with hepatic viral particles consistent with circovirus infection in a Gouldian finch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Crispo
- Turlock Branch, University of California, Davis, California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, Turlock, CA 95380
| | - Julia Blakey
- Turlock Branch, University of California, Davis, California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, Turlock, CA 95380
| | - H L Shivaprasad
- Tulare Branch, University of California, Davis, California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, Tulare, CA 93274
| | - Karine Laroucau
- University Paris-Est, Anses, Animal Health Laboratory, Bacterial Zoonoses Unit, Maisons-Alfort, 94706 France
| | - Fabien Vorimore
- University Paris-Est, Anses, Animal Health Laboratory, Bacterial Zoonoses Unit, Maisons-Alfort, 94706 France
| | - Rachid Aaziz
- University Paris-Est, Anses, Animal Health Laboratory, Bacterial Zoonoses Unit, Maisons-Alfort, 94706 France
| | - Arthur Bickford
- Turlock Branch, University of California, Davis, California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, Turlock, CA 95380
| | - Joseph Pesavento
- Davis Branch, University of California, Davis, California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Simone T Stoute
- Turlock Branch, University of California, Davis, California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, Turlock, CA 95380,
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