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Algammal AM, Hashem HR, Al-Otaibi AS, Alfifi KJ, El-Dawody EM, Mahrous E, Hetta HF, El-Kholy AW, Ramadan H, El-Tarabili RM. Emerging MDR-Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in house-reared domestic birds as the first report in Egypt. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:237. [PMID: 34445951 PMCID: PMC8393820 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02287-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Avian tuberculosis is a chronic and zoonotic disease that affects a wide variety of birds, mammals, and humans. This study aimed to estimate the frequency of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in some domestic birds based on molecular diagnosis, antibiogram profile, and PCR-based detection of inhA, rpoB, rpsL, and otrB antibiotic resistance-related genes. Methods A total of 120 fecal samples were collected from small flocks of house-reared domestic birds at Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. The collected samples were processed and subjected to the bacteriological examination. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the recovered isolates was performed using the broth microdilution method for the detection of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The genetic detection of the IS901confirmatory gene, inhA, rpoB, rpsL, and otrB genes was carried out using PCR. Results The frequency of M. avium subsp. avium was 4.1% (5/120); 10% (4/40) in ducks, and 2.5% (1/10) in geese. The identification of the recovered isolates was confirmed using PCR, where all the tested isolates were positive for IS901confirmatory gene. The results of the broth microdilution method revealed that most of the recovered isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR) to isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline, and doxycycline, and harbored the inhA, rpoB, rpsL, and otrB genes. Conclusion In brief, to the best of our knowledge this is the first report that emphasized the emergence of avian tuberculosis in house-reared domestic birds in Egypt. The emergence of MDR- M. avium subsp. avium is considered a public health threat. Emerging MDR-M. avium subsp. avium in domestic birds are commonly harbored the IS901, inhA, rpoB, rpsL, and otrB genes. Azithromycin and clofazimine revealed a promising in-vitro antibacterial activity against M. avium subsp. avium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelazeem M Algammal
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Hany R Hashem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Amenah S Al-Otaibi
- Biology Department, College of Sciences, Tabuk University, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khyreyah J Alfifi
- Biology Department, College of Sciences, Tabuk University, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Eman Mahrous
- Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt
| | - Helal F Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, 71515, Egypt
| | - Ali W El-Kholy
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Hazem Ramadan
- Hygiene and Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Reham M El-Tarabili
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
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2
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Salamatian I, Ghaniei A, Mosavari N, Nourani H, Keshavarz R, Eslampanah M. Outbreak of avian mycobacteriosis in a commercial turkey breeder flock. Avian Pathol 2021; 49:296-304. [PMID: 32148082 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2020.1740167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Avian mycobacteriosis (AM) is a chronic and contagious disease of pet birds, captive exotic, wild and domestic fowl, and mammals. Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium is the most common cause of AM in poultry. For the first time, we report a chronic outbreak of AM in an Iranian breeder flock of 250 45-week-old turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) with a morbidity and mortality rate of 91.6% and 80%, respectively. A well-defined clinical feature of the outbreak included a progressive weight loss, decreased egg production, listlessness, and lameness. Tuberculous nodules were seen on liver, spleen, ovary, and ribs. Granulomatous inflammation and acid-fast bacilli were confirmed by using Ziehl-Neelsen method on hepatic lesions. M. avium subsp. avium was identified by polymerase chain reaction techniques based on the presence of 16S ribosomal RNA gene and insertion elements IS1245 and IS901. In this report, we not only describe the epidemiological, pathological, and molecular characteristics of the outbreak in detail, but we also discuss multiple factors influencing the introduction and development of AM critically. In this case, wild feral pigeons might have been the source of infection, but further molecular-epidemiology studies are needed to understand the role of wild birds in the persistence and transmission of Mycobacterium.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS First report of avian mycobacteriosis in an Iranian commercial turkey flock is described in detail.Risk factors intrinsic to the bird and mycobacteria, as well as extrinsic factors influencing the introduction and development of avian mycobacteriosis in birds, are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Salamatian
- Department of Veterinary Research and Biotechnology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran.,MAAD Professional Poultry Health Center, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Ghaniei
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nader Mosavari
- Reference Laboratory for Bovine Tuberculosis, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Nourani
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rouholah Keshavarz
- Department of Pathology and Epidemiology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Eslampanah
- Department of Pathology and Epidemiology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran
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3
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Phalen DN. Diseases of the Avian Urinary System. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2020; 23:21-45. [PMID: 31759448 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Diseases of the renal system can be caused by infectious and noninfectious processes. Creating a relevant differential diagnosis for kidney disease in the live or dead bird requires a structured approach where the list of differentials is narrowed based on the signalment of the bird; its history, including its diet and management; physical findings; and other diagnostic findings. This article aims to provide the reader not only a list of the diseases that occur in birds but also the guidelines on when a disease should be considered in a differential.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Phalen
- Sydney School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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4
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Benoit-Biancamano MO, Langlois I. Sterile traumatic panniculitis in a captive Brent goose. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 32:336-338. [PMID: 32100641 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720907586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A captive, adult female Brent goose (Branta bernicla) with a history of severe feather picking by its mate, was presented with 0.5-2.5 cm skin nodules on the head and neck. Histologic examination revealed a well-delineated dermal mass that surrounded an intact feather follicle and was composed of lakes of proteinaceous fluid and fibrin with scattered foamy macrophages and multinucleate giant cells. No bacteria or fungi were identified with histology, microbial culture, or PCR. Sterile panniculitis is an infrequent finding in animals and traumatic panniculitis is rarely sterile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Odile Benoit-Biancamano
- Département de pathologie et microbiologie (Benoit-Biancamano), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.,Département de sciences cliniques (Langlois), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Langlois
- Département de pathologie et microbiologie (Benoit-Biancamano), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.,Département de sciences cliniques (Langlois), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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5
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Zhu D, Chen H, Ou X, Liu M, Wang M, Zhao X, Jia R, Chen S, Sun K, Yang Q, Wu Y, Chen X, Cheng A. Comparison of immunohistochemistry and Ziehl-Neelsen staining for detecting the distribution of Mycobacterium avium subsp avium in naturally infected domestic Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domestica). Vet Med Sci 2019; 6:242-247. [PMID: 31770824 PMCID: PMC7196683 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to detect the distribution of Mycobacterium avium subsp avium (MAA) in naturally infected domestic Pekin ducks, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining were used and compared. Six organs, the liver, spleen, lung, kidney, duodenum and pectoralis muscle, were collected from naturally infected Pekin ducks. Paraffin embedded tissues were examined, and the results were compared. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-Square test. The results showed that the detection rates by IHC were similar with ZN staining in liver, lung, spleen and pectoralis muscle, but the detection rates by IHC were much higher than ZN staining in kidney and duodenum (p = .013, p = .0044). The liver (87.5%) and lung (81.3%) had the highest detection rates. Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) were primarily found intracellularly in six organs using ZN staining. Similarly, the MAA antigens in those selected organs were also detected in the cytoplasm with different cell types. Specifically, MAA antigen was distributed in epithelioid macrophages and necrotic centres within the liver, lung, spleen and kidney, while they were observed in macrophages of the lamina propria and duodenal glands and degenerative myocytes in the pectoralis muscle. This comparative study provides an important insight into the distribution of MAA in infected domestic ducks and indicates that the detection rate by IHC was higher than that of ZN staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dekang Zhu
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongxi Chen
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kunfeng Sun
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyue Chen
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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6
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Hodge PJ, Sandy JR, Noormohammadi AH. Avian mycobacteriosis in captive brolgas (Antigone rubicunda). Aust Vet J 2019; 97:81-86. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- PJ Hodge
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences; The University of Melbourne; 250 Princes Highway, Werribee Victoria 3030 Australia
| | - JR Sandy
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences; The University of Melbourne; 250 Princes Highway, Werribee Victoria 3030 Australia
- City University of Hong Kong College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences; Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - AH Noormohammadi
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences; The University of Melbourne; 250 Princes Highway, Werribee Victoria 3030 Australia
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7
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Zhu DK, Song XH, Wang JB, Zhou WS, Ou XM, Chen HX, Liu MF, Wang MS, Jia RY, Chen S, Sun KF, Yang Q, Wu Y, Chen XY, Cheng AC. Outbreak of Avian Tuberculosis in Commercial Domestic Pekin Ducks ( Anas platyrhynchos domestica). Avian Dis 2017; 60:677-80. [PMID: 27610730 DOI: 10.1637/11396-021916-resnote.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Avian tuberculosis is a contagious disease affecting various domestic and wild bird species, and is caused by Mycobacterium avium . It is reported extremely rarely in commercial poultry flocks and has not been reported in commercial domestic ducks to date, with domestic ducks reported to be moderately resistant to M. avium infection. Here, we report the outbreak of avian tuberculosis in commercial Pekin duck ( Anas platyrhynchos domestica) flocks. Postmortem and histopathologic findings included nodules presenting in the visceral organs of ducks, and granulomas with central caseous necrosis surrounded by infiltrating lymphocytes. The M. avium pathogen was isolated and further identified by Ziehl-Neelsen staining and PCR based on insert sequence IS901 and the 16S rRNA gene. We highlight that avian tuberculosis not only has economic significance for the duck industry, but also presents a potential zoonotic hazard to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Kang Zhu
- A Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Heng Song
- A Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiang-Bo Wang
- A Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Wang-Shu Zhou
- A Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu-Ming Ou
- A Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong-Xi Chen
- A Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ma-Feng Liu
- B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,C Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming-Shu Wang
- B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,C Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ren-Yong Jia
- A Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Shun Chen
- B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,C Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Kun-Feng Sun
- B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,C Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,C Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Wu
- B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,C Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Chen
- A Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - An-Chun Cheng
- A Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,B Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
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8
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Sánchez FD, Yela IJ, Alfonseca E, Campuzano J, Morales E, Aguilar C. Respiratory tract infection caused by Mycobacterium bovis in a black swan (Cygnus atratus). Avian Pathol 2016; 45:126-31. [PMID: 26743683 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2015.1134765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A 3-year-old male black swan (Cygnus atratus), belonging to a private collection, died suddenly and was subjected to post mortem examination. At necropsy, caseous exudate was observed in the lungs and air sacs; granulomatous lesions characterized by epithelioid macrophages and abundant mycobacteria were observed microscopically. Avian tuberculosis associated with Mycobacterium bovis was confirmed by bacteriologic isolation, biochemical tests and molecular methods. The organism was identified as spoligotype SB0140, which is frequently found in cattle and people in North America. In this case, interspecies transmission could have been the source of infection because the swan cohabited with cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D Sánchez
- a Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , México DF , Mexico
| | - I J Yela
- b Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , México DF , Mexico
| | - E Alfonseca
- b Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , México DF , Mexico
| | - J Campuzano
- c Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , México DF , Mexico
| | - E Morales
- c Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , México DF , Mexico
| | - C Aguilar
- d Práctica en clínica privada , México DF , Mexico
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9
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Kelly P, Jahns H, Power E, Bainbridge J, Kenny K, Corpa JM, Cassidy JP, Callanan JJ. Mycobacteriosis in Ostriches (Struthio camelus) due to Infection withMycobacterium bovisandMycobacterium aviumComplex. Avian Dis 2013; 57:808-11. [DOI: 10.1637/10581-052313-case.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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10
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Dahlhausen B, Tovar DS, Saggese MD. Diagnosis of mycobacterial infections in the exotic pet patient with emphasis on birds. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2012; 15:71-vi. [PMID: 22244114 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The term “mycobacteriosis” encompasses a variety of infectious diseases of animals caused by bacteria of the genus Mycobacterium, which are chronic and debilitating diseases. More than 35 Mycobacterium spp can cause mycobacteriosis. The wide range of possible clinical signs and physical exam findings can make the antemortem diagnosis inconsistent and challenging. Proper sample collection and test modality in relation to the state of the disease process are essential. Clinicians can determine a presumptive diagnosis of mycobacteriosis, but the definitive etiologic diagnosis of mycobacteriosis relies on the correct identification of the mycobacteria through microbiological and molecular diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob Dahlhausen
- Veterinary Molecular Diagnostic, Inc, Milford, OH 45150, USA.
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11
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Abstract
Avian mycobacteriosis is a disease that affects companion, captive exotic, wild, and domestic birds. The disease in birds is generally caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp avium but more than 10 other species of mycobacteria infect birds. Oral route of infection appears to be the primary mode of transmission. In some cases, the extensive involvement of the respiratory system suggests an airborne mode of transmission. Molecular diagnostic techniques have improved the ability to confirm the disease. Avian mycobacteriosis is an important veterinary and economic risk in birds and mammals. Exposure of humans to infected birds may cause a zoonotic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Shivaprasad
- Avian Pathology, California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System-Tulare Branch, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA.
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12
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Brumbaugh WG, Mora MA, May TW, Phalen DN. Metal exposure and effects in voles and small birds near a mining haul road in Cape Krusenstern National Monument, Alaska. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2010; 170:73-86. [PMID: 19856120 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-009-1216-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Voles and small passerine birds were live-captured near the Delong Mountain Regional Transportation System (DMTS) haul road in Cape Krusenstern National Monument in northwest Alaska to assess metals exposure and sub-lethal biological effects. Similar numbers of animals were captured from a reference site in southern Cape Krusenstern National Monument for comparison. Histopathological examination of selected organs, and analysis of cadmium, lead, and zinc concentrations in liver and blood samples were performed. Voles and small birds captured from near the haul road had about 20 times greater blood and liver lead concentrations and about three times greater cadmium concentrations when compared to those from the reference site, but there were no differences in zinc tissue concentrations. One vole had moderate metastatic mineralization of kidney tissue, otherwise we observed no abnormalities in internal organs or DNA damage in the blood of any of the animals. The affected vole also had the greatest liver and blood Cd concentration, indicating that the lesion might have been caused by Cd exposure. Blood and liver lead concentrations in animals captured near the haul road were below concentrations that have been associated with adverse biological effects in other studies; however, subtle effects resulting from lead exposure, such as the suppression of the activity of certain enzymes, cannot be ruled out for some individual animals. Results from our 2006 reconnaissance-level study indicate that overall, voles and small birds obtained from near the DMTS road in Cape Krusenstern National Monument were not adversely affected by metals exposure; however, because of the small sample size and other uncertainties, continued monitoring of lead and cadmium in terrestrial habitats near the DMTS road is advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Brumbaugh
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia, MO, USA
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13
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Gray P, Saggese M, Phalen D, Tizard I. Humoral response to Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in naturally infected ring-neck doves (Streptopelia risoria). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 125:216-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2007] [Revised: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Saggese MD, Tizard I, Phalen DN. Mycobacteriosis in naturally infected ring-neck doves (Streptopelia risoria): investigation of the association between feather colour and susceptibility to infection, disease and lesions type. Avian Pathol 2008; 37:443-50. [DOI: 10.1080/03079450802210655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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