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Occurrence, Phenotypic and Molecular Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Healthy Turkeys in Northern Egypt. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081075. [PMID: 36009944 PMCID: PMC9404839 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry is one of the most important reservoirs for zoonotic multidrug-resistant pathogens. The indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in poultry production is a leading factor for development and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolated from healthy turkey flocks of different ages in Nile delta region, Egypt. In the current investigation, 250 cloacal swabs were collected from 12 turkey farms in five governorates in the northern Egypt. Collected samples were cultivated on BrillianceTM ESBL agar media supplemented with cefotaxime (100 mg/L). The E. coli isolates were identified using MALDI-TOF-MS and confirmed by a conventional PCR assay targeting 16S rRNA-DNA. The phenotypic antibiogram against 14 antimicrobial agents was determined using the broth micro-dilution method. DNA-microarray-based assay was applied for genotyping and determination of both, virulence and resistance-associated gene markers. Multiplex real-time PCR was additionally applied for all isolates for detection of the actual most relevant Carbapenemase genes. The phenotypic identification of colistin resistance was carried out using E-test. A total of 26 E. coli isolates were recovered from the cloacal samples. All isolates were defined as multidrug-resistant. Interestingly, two different E. coli strains were isolated from one sample. Both strains had different phenotypic and genotypic profiles. All isolates were phenotypically susceptible to imipenem, while resistant to penicillin, rifampicin, streptomycin, and erythromycin. None of the examined carbapenem resistance genes was detected among isolates. At least one beta-lactamase gene was identified in most of isolates, where blaTEM was the most commonly identified determinant (80.8%), in addition to blaCTX-M9 (23.1%), blaSHV (19.2%) and blaOXA-10 (15.4%). Genes associated with chloramphenicol resistance were floR (65.4%) and cmlA1 (46.2%). Tetracycline- and quinolone-resistance-associated genes tetA and qnrS were detected in (57.7%) and (50.0%) of isolates, respectively. The aminoglycoside resistance associated genes aadA1 (65.4%), aadA2 (53.8%), aphA (50.0%), strA (69.2%), and strB (65.4%), were detected among isolates. Macrolide resistance associated genes mph and mrx were also detected in (53.8%) and (34.6%). Moreover, colistin resistance associated gene mcr-9 was identified in one isolate (3.8%). The class 1 integron integrase intI1 (84.6%), transposase for the transposon tnpISEcp1 (34.6%) and OqxB -integral membrane and component of RND-type multidrug efflux pump oqxB (7.7%) were identified among the isolates. The existing high incidence of ESBL/colistin-producing E. coli identified in healthy turkeys is a major concern that demands prompt control; otherwise, such strains and their resistance determinants could be transmitted to other bacteria and, eventually, to people via the food chain.
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Chigor CB, Ibangha IAI, Nweze NO, Onuora VC, Ozochi CA, Titilawo Y, Enebe MC, Chernikova TN, Golyshin PN, Chigor VN. Prevalence of integrons in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from waters and vegetables in Nsukka and Enugu, Southeast Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:60945-60952. [PMID: 35437658 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Irrigation of fresh produce with poorly treated wastewater or contaminated freshwater sources can lead to produce contamination and foodborne illnesses, as well as the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants. In this study, we assessed the presence of integrons in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka Wastewater Treatment Plant effluent, tap water, vegetables from irrigated gardens and vegetables sold in selected markets from Nsukka and Enugu cities. E. coli was isolated following standard laboratory procedure and confirmed through beta-glucuronidase (uidA)-targeted polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The antibiotic resistance of the isolates was determined using Bauer-Kirby disk diffusion assay, and multiplex PCR was used to determine the presence of class 1 and 2 integrons. Our result revealed a total of 188 E. coli isolates from WWTP effluent (n = 41), tap water (n = 10) and vegetables from greenhouse (n = 46), farms (n = 55) and market (n = 36). Multidrug resistance was detected in all the isolates, ranging from three-drug resistance in a single isolate to 7-drug resistance patterns in two different isolates. Of the total isolates, class 1 integrons were abundantly detected in 175 (93.1%) and class 2 in 5 (2.7%). All the class 2 integrons were found in isolates that were positive for class 1. The abundance of multidrug-resistant E. coli harbouring class 1 integrons in the effluent and vegetable samples is a potential public health risk. Therefore, the appropriate measures for the safe use of poorly treated wastewater for vegetable farm irrigation are required to be put in place to reduce the microbial load of the discharged effluent. Also, education of farmers and the community on the dangers of wastewater effluent-grown plants and proper methods for cleaning harvested vegetable is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinyere B Chigor
- Water and Public Health Research Group (WPHRG), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Ini-Abasi I Ibangha
- Water and Public Health Research Group (WPHRG), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Nkechinyere O Nweze
- Water and Public Health Research Group (WPHRG), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Valentino C Onuora
- Water and Public Health Research Group (WPHRG), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chizoba A Ozochi
- Water and Public Health Research Group (WPHRG), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Yinka Titilawo
- Water and Public Health Research Group (WPHRG), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Matthew C Enebe
- Water and Public Health Research Group (WPHRG), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | | | - Peter N Golyshin
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor Gwynedd, UK
| | - Vincent N Chigor
- Water and Public Health Research Group (WPHRG), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
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Kalantari M, Sharifiyazdi H, Asasi K, Abdi-Hachesoo B. High incidence of multidrug resistance and class 1 and 2 integrons in Escherichia coli isolated from broiler chickens in South of Iran. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2021; 12:101-107. [PMID: 33953880 PMCID: PMC8094138 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2019.96366.2309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the multidrug resistance and presence of class 1 and 2 integrons in 300 Escherichia coli isolates obtained from 20 broiler farms during three rearing periods (one-day-old chicks, thirty-day-old chickens, and one day before slaughter) in Fars, South Iran. Results showed that 81.00%, 82.00%, and 85.00% of isolates were multidrug-resistant on the first day, thirty-day-old chickens, and one day before slaughter, respectively. Multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates were further examined for the presence of class 1 and 2 integrons using PCR assay. The existence of class 1 integron-integrase gene (intI1) was confirmed in 68.40%, 72.70%, and 60.90% of multidrug-resistant isolates from stage 1, stage 2, and stage 3 of the rearing period, respectively. The frequency of class 2 integron-integrase gene (intI2) during the first to the third stage of sampling was 2.60%, 25.50%, and 30.40%. Also, sequence analysis of the cassette arrays within class 1 integron revealed the presence of the genes associated with resistance for trimethoprim (dfrA), streptomycin (aadA), erythromycin (ereA), and orfF genes. The results revealed that percentages of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli isolates were significantly higher in the middle and end stages of the rearing period. In conclusion, widespread dissemination of class 1 integrons in all three stages and rising trends of class 2 integrons existence in E. coli isolates during the rearing period of broiler chickens could exacerbate the spread of resistance factors among bacteria in the poultry industry. Future research is needed to clarify its implication for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Kalantari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Sharifiyazdi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Keramat Asasi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahman Abdi-Hachesoo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Newman DM, Barbieri NL, de Oliveira AL, Willis D, Nolan LK, Logue CM. Characterizing avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) from colibacillosis cases, 2018. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11025. [PMID: 33717713 PMCID: PMC7937341 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colibacillosis caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a devastating disease of poultry that results in multi-million-dollar losses annually to the poultry industry. Disease syndromes associated with APEC includes colisepticemia, cellulitis, air sac disease, peritonitis, salpingitis, omphalitis, and osteomyelitis among others. A total of 61 APEC isolates collected during the Fall of 2018 (Aug-Dec) from submitted diagnostic cases of poultry diagnosed with colibacillosis were assessed for the presence of 44 virulence-associated genes, 24 antimicrobial resistance genes and 17 plasmid replicon types. Each isolate was also screened for its ability to form biofilm using the crystal violet assay and antimicrobial susceptibility to 14 antimicrobials using the NARMS panel. Overall, the prevalence of virulence genes ranged from 1.6% to >90% with almost all strains harboring genes that are associated with the ColV plasmid-the defining trait of the APEC pathotype. Overall, 58 strains were able to form biofilms and only three strains formed negligible biofilms. Forty isolates displayed resistance to antimicrobials of the NARMS panel ranging from one to nine agents. This study highlights that current APEC causing disease in poultry possess virulence and resistance traits and form biofilms which could potentially lead to challenges in colibacillosis control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darby M Newman
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nicolle L Barbieri
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Aline L de Oliveira
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Dajour Willis
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lisa K Nolan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Catherine M Logue
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Rochegüe T, Haenni M, Cazeau G, Metayer V, Madec JY, Ferry T, Lupo A. An inventory of 44 qPCR assays using hydrolysis probes operating with a unique amplification condition for the detection and quantification of antibiotic resistance genes. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 100:115328. [PMID: 33819858 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Early antibiotic resistance determinants (ARDs) detection in humans or animals is crucial to counteract their propagation. The ARDs quantification is fundamental to understand the perturbation caused by disruptors, such as antibiotics, during therapies. Forty-three qPCRs on the most diffused ARDs and integrons among human and animal Enterobacterales, and one on the 16S rDNA for bacteria quantification, were developed. The qPCRs, using hydrolysis probes, operated with a unique amplification condition and were tested analytically and diagnostically performing 435 reactions on five positive and negative controls for each qPCR. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were confirmed by PCR and genome sequencing of control isolates, demonstrating 100% performance for all qPCRs. An easy and rapid discrimination method for the epidemiologically relevant blaCTX-Ms is provided. This large, noncommercial qPCRs inventory could serve for precise quantification of ARDs, but also as a rapid screening tool for surveillance purposes, providing the basis for further high-throughput developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Rochegüe
- ANSES - Université de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes (AVB), Lyon, France
| | - Marisa Haenni
- ANSES - Université de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes (AVB), Lyon, France
| | - Géraldine Cazeau
- ANSES - Université de Lyon, Unité Epidémiologie et Appui à la Surveillance (EAS), Lyon, France
| | - Véronique Metayer
- ANSES - Université de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes (AVB), Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- ANSES - Université de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes (AVB), Lyon, France
| | - Tristan Ferry
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, CHU de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France; Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CIRI, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, Lyon, France
| | - Agnese Lupo
- ANSES - Université de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes (AVB), Lyon, France.
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Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant avian pathogenic Escherichia coli from broiler chickens in Korea. J APPL POULTRY RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Zhang S, Abbas M, Rehman MU, Huang Y, Zhou R, Gong S, Yang H, Chen S, Wang M, Cheng A. Dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) via integrons in Escherichia coli: A risk to human health. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115260. [PMID: 32717638 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With the induction of various emerging environmental contaminants such as antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), environment is considered as a key indicator for the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). As such, the ARGs mediated environmental pollution raises a significant public health concern worldwide. Among various genetic mechanisms that are involved in the dissemination of ARGs, integrons play a vital role in the dissemination of ARGs. Integrons are mobile genetic elements that can capture and spread ARGs among environmental settings via transmissible plasmids and transposons. Most of the ARGs are found in Gram-negative bacteria and are primarily studied for their potential role in antibiotic resistance in clinical settings. As one of the most common microorganisms, Escherichia coli (E. coli) is widely studied as an indicator carrying drug-resistant genes, so this article aims to provide an in-depth study on the spread of ARGs via integrons associated with E. coli outside clinical settings and highlight their potential role as environmental contaminants. It also focuses on multiple but related aspects that do facilitate environmental pollution, i.e. ARGs from animal sources, water treatment plants situated at or near animal farms, agriculture fields, wild birds and animals. We believe that this updated study with summarized text, will facilitate the readers to understand the primary mechanisms as well as a variety of factors involved in the transmission and spread of ARGs among animals, humans, and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaqiu Zhang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Muhammad Abbas
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Livestock and Dairy Development Department Lahore, Punjab, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mujeeb Ur Rehman
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Yahui Huang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Siyue Gong
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Hong Yang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Shuling Chen
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China.
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Eid S, Samir AH. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and Class 1 integrons in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from turkeys. Vet World 2019; 12:1167-1174. [PMID: 31528049 PMCID: PMC6702565 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1167-1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and implication of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing and Class 1 integrons (int1) gene carriers Escherichia coli isolates that demonstrated multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotypes and was isolated from turkeys that suffered from respiratory manifestations. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 120 freshly dead turkey poults that suffered from respiratory manifestations, with a history of treatment failure at Hefna, Belbis, Sharqia (Egypt) were sampled. From each bird lung and liver were aseptically collected and transported for laboratory investigations. RESULTS Examination of samples collected from 120 freshly dead turkey poults revealed the isolation of coagulase-positive staphylococci, coagulase-negative staphylococci, Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Proteus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Klebsiella spp., and E. coli with the prevalence rates of 12/120 (10%), 30/120 (35%), 17/120 (14.2%), 5/120 (4.1%), 17/120 (14.2%), 6/120 (5%), 7/120 (5.8%), and 18/120 (15%), respectively. E. coli isolates were subjected for serotyping and characterization, while the rest of isolates were preserved to be investigated later in further studies. Serogrouping of E. coli isolates revealed the identification of O119, O6, O8, and O169, while 1/18 of isolates was untypable. Studying phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility profiles of isolates revealed that 18/18 (100%) of isolates demonstrated resistance against cefuroxime, tetracycline, and trimethoprim, 16/18 (88.9%) of isolates demonstrated resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, enrofloxacin, and norfloxacin, 14/18 (77.8%) of isolates demonstrated resistance to doxycycline and ciprofloxacin, and 9/18 (50%) of isolates showed resistance to gentamycin. Double disk synergy test showed that 6/18 (33.3%), 8/18 (44.4%), and 13/18 (72.2%) of isolates demonstrated the phenotypic pattern of ESBL producers with cefepime, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone, respectively. Genotypic attributes for beta-lactamase TEM gene and int1 gene were studied by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and revealed that 17/18 (94.4%) of isolates were positive for both genes. Embryo lethality test indicated that the 18 studied E. coli isolates were considered primary pathogens. CONCLUSION The results revealed that 18/18 (100%) of E. coli isolates demonstrated MDR against three or more antibiotic groups, 9/18 (50%) of isolates showed extensive resistance against the nine tested chemotherapeutic agents from seven antibiotic groups. It is recommended to monitor the circulation of MDR and ESBL-producing pathogens in poultry production in a one health approach, as a preventive measure to mitigate the risk imposed on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Eid
- Department of Bacteriology, Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 264, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Abdel Hafeez Samir
- Department of Biotechnology, Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 264, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
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Gupta R, Chauhan SL, Kumar S, Jindal N, Mahajan NK, Joshi VG. Carriage of Class 1 integrons and molecular characterization of intI1 gene in multidrug-resistant Salmonella spp. isolates from broilers. Vet World 2019; 12:609-613. [PMID: 31190719 PMCID: PMC6515832 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.609-613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study was conducted with the following aims: (i) To screen the Salmonella spp. isolates recovered from suspected cases of fowl typhoid for carriage of Class 1 integrons and analyze their association with antimicrobial resistance and (ii) to carry out molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Class 1 integron-integrase (intI1) gene. Materials and Methods: A total of 43 Salmonella isolates were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to determine the presence of Class1 intI1. Differences between different serotypes in relation to their carriage of integrons and the differences between strains containing or not containing an integron and being resistant to different antimicrobials were analyzed by Fisher exact test using STATA™ (StataCorp, College Station, TX). Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using MEGA6 software. Results: Out of 43 isolates, 40 (93.02%) were found positive for Class 1 integrons. 35/40 (87.5%) intI1-positive isolates were multidrug resistance (MDR) (resistant to ≥4 antibiotics), which support the hypothesis of an association between the presence of Class 1 integrons and emerging MDR in Salmonella. There was no significant difference among isolates resistant to different antimicrobials in Class 1 integron carrying isolates and the Class 1 integron negative isolates (p<0.05). Further, there was no significant difference among different serotypes in respect of their carriage of Class 1 integrons. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the high prevalence of Class 1 integrons indicates a high potential of Salmonella isolates for horizontal transmission of antimicrobial genes, especially among Gram-negative organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Sneh Lata Chauhan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Naresh Jindal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - N K Mahajan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - V G Joshi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
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Davies R, Wales A. Antimicrobial Resistance on Farms: A Review Including Biosecurity and the Potential Role of Disinfectants in Resistance Selection. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:753-774. [PMID: 33336931 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to therapeutic antimicrobial agents is recognized as a growing problem for both human and veterinary medicine, and the need to address the issue in both of these linked domains is a current priority in public policy. Efforts to limit antimicrobial resistance (AMR) on farms have so far focused on control of the supply and use of antimicrobial drugs, plus husbandry measures to reduce infectious disease. In the United Kingdom and some other countries, substantial progress has been made recently against targets on agricultural antimicrobial drug use. However, evidence suggests that resistant pathogenic and commensal bacteria can persist and spread within and between premises despite declining or zero antimicrobial drug use. Reasons for this are likely complex and varied but may include: bacterial adaptations to ameliorate fitness costs associated with maintenance and replication of resistance genes and associated proteins, horizontal transmission of genetic resistance determinants between bacteria, physical transfer of bacteria via movement (of animals, workers, and equipment), ineffective cleaning and disinfection, and co-selection of resistance to certain drugs by use of other antimicrobials, heavy metals, or biocides. Areas of particular concern for public health include extended-spectrum cephalosporinases and fluoroquinolone resistance among Enterobacteriaceae, livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and the emergence of transmissible colistin resistance. Aspects of biosecurity have repeatedly been identified as risk factors for the presence of AMR on farm premises, but there are large gaps in our understanding of the most important risk factors and the most effective interventions. The present review aims to summarize the present state of knowledge in this area, from a European perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Davies
- Bacteriology and Food Safety Dept., Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA - Weybridge), Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Andrew Wales
- Pathology and Infectious Diseases Dept., School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Vet School Main Building, Daphne Jackson Rd., Univ. of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7AL, UK
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Dou X, Gong J, Han X, Xu M, Shen H, Zhang D, Zhuang L, Liu J, Zou J. Characterization of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated in eastern China. Gene 2015; 576:244-8. [PMID: 26475938 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the biological characteristics of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolated in eastern China, a total of 243 isolates were isolated from diseased poultry on different farms during the period from 2007 to 2014. These isolates were characterized for serogroups (polymerase chain reaction and agglutination), the presence of virulence-associated genes (fimC, iss, ompA, fyuA, stx2f, iroC, iucD, hlyE, tsh, cvaC, irp2, and papC) and class I integrons (polymerase chain reaction), drug susceptibilities (disk diffusion method) and the biofilm-forming abilities (semi-quantitative method). The results showed that the most predominant serogroups were O78 (87 isolates, 35.8%) and O2 (35 isolates, 14.4%). Gene profiling found that fimC and ompA were frequently distributed among the isolates and that 77.4% of the isolates were positive for class 1 integrons. Overall, isolates displayed resistance to tetracycline (97.5%), nalidixic acid (82.3%), ampicillin (81.1%), sulphafurazole (80.7%), streptomycin (79.0%), trimethoprim (78.2%) and cotrimoxazole (78.2%). Multiple-drug resistance was exhibited in 80.3% of the isolates, and the presence of class 1 integrons is associated with multidrug resistance. Finally, 151 isolates had the ability to form biofilms in vitro, and drug resistance seemed relative to biofilm-forming abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Dou
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Jiansen Gong
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Xiangan Han
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China
| | - Haiyu Shen
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China
| | - Linlin Zhuang
- Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Jiasheng Liu
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China
| | - Jianmin Zou
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
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