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Chen J, Wang W, Li S, Wang Z, Zuo W, Nong T, Li Y, Liu H, Wei P, He X. RNA-seq reveals role of cell-cycle regulating genes in the pathogenicity of a field very virulent infectious bursal disease virus. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1334586. [PMID: 38362295 PMCID: PMC10867150 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1334586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection causes highly contagious and immunosuppressive disease in poultry. The thymus, serving as the primary organ for T cell maturation and differentiation, plays an important role in the pathogenicity of IBDV in the infected chickens. However, there are no reports on the molecular pathogenesis of IBDV in the thymus currently. The aim of the study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity of a field very virulent (vv) IBDV strain NN1172 in the thymus of SPF chickens using integrative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. Our results showed that a total of 4,972 Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the thymus of NN1172-infected chickens by transcriptomic analysis, with 2,796 up-regulated and 2,176 down-regulated. Meanwhile, the proteomic analysis identified 726 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the infected thymus, with 289 up-regulated and 437 down-regulated. Overall, a total of 359 genes exhibited differentially expression at both mRNA and protein levels, with 134 consistently up-regulated and 198 genes consistently down-regulated, as confirmed through a comparison of the RNA-seq and the proteomic datasets. The gene ontology (GO) analysis unveiled the involvement of both DEGs and DEPs in diverse categories encompassing cellular components, biological processes, and molecular functions in the pathological changes in IBDV-infected thymus. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that the host mainly displayed severely disruption of cell survival/repair, proliferation and metabolism pathway, meanwhile, the infection triggers antiviral immune activation with a potential emphasis on the MDA5 pathway. Network inference analysis identified seven core hub genes, which include CDK1, TYMS, MCM5, KIF11, CCNB2, MAD2L1, and MCM4. These genes are all associated with cell-cycle regulating pathway and are likely key mediators in the pathogenesis induced by NN1172 infection in the thymus. This study discovered dominant pathways and genes which enhanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying IBDV pathogenesis in the thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinnan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Shangquan Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, China
| | - Wenbo Zuo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, China
| | - Tingbin Nong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, China
| | - Yihai Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, China
| | - Hongquan Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiumiao He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, China
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Legnardi M, Poletto F, Talaat S, Selim K, Moawad MK, Franzo G, Tucciarone CM, Cecchinato M, Sultan H. First Detection and Molecular Characterization of Novel Variant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (Genotype A2dB1b) in Egypt. Viruses 2023; 15:2388. [PMID: 38140629 PMCID: PMC10747051 DOI: 10.3390/v15122388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an immunosuppressive disease causing significant damage to the poultry industry worldwide. Its etiological agent is infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), a highly resistant RNA virus whose genetic variability considerably affects disease manifestation, diagnosis and control, primarily pursued by vaccination. In Egypt, very virulent strains (genotype A3B2), responsible for typical IBD signs and lesions and high mortality, have historically prevailed. The present molecular survey, however, suggests that a major epidemiological shift might be occurring in the country. Out of twenty-four samples collected in twelve governorates in 2022-2023, seven tested positive for IBDV. Two of them were A3B2 strains related to other very virulent Egyptian isolates, whereas the remaining five were novel variant IBDVs (A2dB1b), reported for the first time outside of Eastern and Southern Asia. This emerging genotype spawned a large-scale epidemic in China during the 2010s, characterized by subclinical IBD with severe bursal atrophy and immunosuppression. Its spread to Egypt is even more alarming considering that, contrary to circulating IBDVs, the protection conferred by available commercial vaccines appears suboptimal. These findings are therefore crucial for guiding monitoring and control efforts and helping to track the spread of novel variant IBDVs, possibly limiting their impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Legnardi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (F.P.); (G.F.); (C.M.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Francesca Poletto
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (F.P.); (G.F.); (C.M.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Shaimaa Talaat
- Department of Birds and Rabbits Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menoufia 32958, Egypt;
| | - Karim Selim
- Reference Laboratory for Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt; (K.S.); (M.K.M.)
| | - Mahmoud K. Moawad
- Reference Laboratory for Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt; (K.S.); (M.K.M.)
| | - Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (F.P.); (G.F.); (C.M.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Claudia Maria Tucciarone
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (F.P.); (G.F.); (C.M.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Mattia Cecchinato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (F.P.); (G.F.); (C.M.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Hesham Sultan
- Department of Birds and Rabbits Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menoufia 32958, Egypt;
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3
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Kajal S, Narang G, Jangir BL, Kundu P, Lather D, Chhabra R. Studies on immunopathological changes induced by commercial IBD live vaccines in poultry birds. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12379. [PMID: 37524771 PMCID: PMC10390494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermediate plus live strain infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) vaccines are used to control IBDV endemic infections in India. In the present study, immunopathological changes induced by commercial infectious bursal disease live vaccines with different immunization regimes were compared. A total of days old 108 Cobb broiler chicks were randomly divided into five groups with 24 chicks each in groups I, II, III and 18 chicks each in group IV and V. Group I served as control I (no immunization) and group II and III chicks were immunized with a single dose of vaccines 1 and 2 on 17th day of age (DOA), respectively. The group IV and V chicks were immunized with vaccines 1 and 2, respectively with primary dose on 17th DOA followed by booster dose on 24th DOA. Both intermediate plus live vaccines produced gross and histopathological lesions in lymphoid organs (bursa of Fabricius, thymus, spleen and caecal tonsils). Increased CD4 + , CD8 + T cells in affected bursa of Fabricius was evidenced by immunohistochemistry. Further, up-regulation in relative mRNA expression of IFN-γ, IL-1β and IL-6 were observed in bursa of Fabricius of treated birds, with maximum alteration particularly on 14th day post single immunization and 7th day post booster immunization. The findings suggest that single immunization regime on the 17th day of age showed immunization equivalent to booster immunization with lesser lesions, therefore, may be practiced and promoted in the field conditions for the better economic returns and animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Kajal
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India.
| | - Gulshan Narang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Babu Lal Jangir
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Pooja Kundu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Deepika Lather
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Rajesh Chhabra
- College Central Laboratory, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
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Legnardi M, Franzo G, Tucciarone CM, Koutoulis K, Cecchinato M. Infectious bursal disease virus in Western Europe: the rise of reassortant strains as the dominant field threat. Avian Pathol 2023; 52:25-35. [PMID: 36178148 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2130172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a highly contagious birnavirus causing a burdensome immunosuppressive disease in chickens. IBDV features a remarkable antigenic, pathogenic and genetic heterogeneity, with significant implications on disease manifestation, control measures and diagnostic approaches. The recent proposals of comprehensive phylogenetic classification systems offered the ideal platform for large-scale molecular surveys, which are crucial to gather epidemiological data and inform control efforts. In this study, the IBDV scenario was investigated in most of Western Europe by considering the results of diagnostic activities performed internationally throughout 2021. In total, 470 bursal samples from nine different countries were analysed by RT-PCR targeting the VP2. When a field virus was identified, the VP1 was also characterized. Most of the 132 detected field viruses were highly homologous reassortants featuring a very virulent-like VP2 and a classical-like VP1 (genotype A3B1). Despite emerging recently, these reassortants were already signalled in several countries in North-Western Europe and associated with subclinical infections. Here, we report their further spread in the region, where they currently represent the dominant field threat. Two other IBDV types were found, one in Italy, where all the identified viruses clustered in a clade of the A3B1 genotype previously reported only in Russia and the Middle East, and the other in Portugal, where the recently characterized A9B1 genotype was confirmed to circulate. The obtained data suggest the recent occurrence of a major shift in the Western European epidemiological landscape of IBDV, stressing the importance of steady monitoring and sharing of information among different countries and laboratories.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS The IBDV scenario in Western Europe seems to have radically changed in recent years.IBDV reassortants were found to be the dominant field type in the region.Local circulation of two other IBDV types was detected in Italy and Portugal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Legnardi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | | | - Konstantinos Koutoulis
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Mattia Cecchinato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), Italy
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5
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Deng T, Hu B, Wang X, Ding S, Lin L, Yan Y, Peng X, Zheng X, Liao M, Jin Y, Dong W, Gu J, Zhou J. TRAF6 autophagic degradation by avibirnavirus VP3 inhibits antiviral innate immunity via blocking NFKB/NF-κB activation. Autophagy 2022; 18:2781-2798. [PMID: 35266845 PMCID: PMC9673932 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2047384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is an important reversible post-translational modification. Many viruses hijack the host ubiquitin system to enhance self-replication. In the present study, we found that Avibirnavirus VP3 protein was ubiquitinated during infection and supported virus replication by ubiquitination. Mass spectrometry and mutation analysis showed that VP3 was ubiquitinated at residues K73, K135, K158, K193, and K219. Virus rescue showed that ubiquitination at sites K73, K193, and K219 on VP3 could enhance the replication abilities of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), and that K135 was essential for virus survival. Binding of the zinc finger domain of TRAF6 (TNF receptor associated factor 6) to VP3 mediated K11- and K33-linked ubiquitination of VP3, which promoted its nuclear accumulation to facilitate virus replication. Additionally, VP3 could inhibit TRAF6-mediated NFKB/NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) activation and IFNB/IFN-β (interferon beta) production to evade host innate immunity by inducing TRAF6 autophagic degradation in an SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1)-dependent manner. Our findings demonstrated a macroautophagic/autophagic mechanism by which Avibirnavirus protein VP3 blocked NFKB-mediated IFNB production by targeting TRAF6 during virus infection, and provided a potential drug target for virus infection control.Abbreviations: ATG: autophagy related; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; CALCOCO2/NDP52: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; Cas9: CRISPR-associated protein 9; CHX: cycloheximide; Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; CRISPR: clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GST: glutathione S-transferase; IBDV: infectious bursal disease virus; IF: indirect immunofluorescence; IFNB/IFN-β: interferon beta; mAb: monoclonal antibody; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MOI: multiplicity of infection; MS: mass spectrometry; NFKB/NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B; NBR1: NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor; OPTN: optineurin; pAb: polyclonal antibody; PRRs: pattern recognition receptors; RNF125: ring finger protein 125; RNF135/Riplet: ring finger protein 135; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TAX1BP1: tax1 binding protein1; TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose; TRAF3: TNF receptor associated factor 3; TRAF6: TNF receptor associated factor 6; TRIM25: tripartite motif containing 25; Ub: ubiquitin; Wort: wortmannin; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjuan Deng
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Boli Hu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xingbo Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | | | - Lulu Lin
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yan Yan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiran Peng
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zheng
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Min Liao
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yulan Jin
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weiren Dong
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jinyan Gu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China,Collaborative innovation center and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China,CONTACT Jiyong Zhou MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou310058, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
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6
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Chen R, Chen J, Xiang Y, Chen Y, Shen W, Wang W, Li Y, Wei P, He X. Differential Modulation of Innate Antiviral Profiles in the Intestinal Lamina Propria Cells of Chickens Infected with Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses of Different Virulence. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020393. [PMID: 35215986 PMCID: PMC8878311 DOI: 10.3390/v14020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is one of the most important infectious diseases of poultry around the world. Gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) are the first line of defense of the host against the infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of innate immune antiviral signaling triggered by Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), as well as macrophage activation and cytokine response in the intestinal lamina propria (ILP) cells after the oral challenge of IBDV in relation to IBDV virulence and disease pathogenesis. The results showed that the expression levels of TLR3, IRF7, IFN-α/β and the corresponding downstream antiviral factors OAS, PKR and Mx were all upregulated in the SPF chicken ILP cells at 8 h post-infection (hpi) and 12 hpi. Similarly, macrophages were activated, with the initial macrophage M1 activation observed at 8 hpi, but then it rapidly shifted to a non-protective M2-type. Both Th1 (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) types of cytokines were differentially upregulated during the early stage of infection; however, the Th1 cytokines exhibited stronger activation before 8 hpi compared to those of the Th2 cytokines. Interestingly, differential regulations of gene expression induced by different IBDV strains with different virulence were detected. The HLJ0504-like very virulent (vv) IBDV strain NN1172 induced stronger activation of TLR3-IFN-α/β pathway, macrophages and the Th1/2 cytokines’ expression, compared to those induced by the attenuated strain B87 at 8 hpi and 12 hpi in the ILP cells. In conclusion, the innate antiviral response mediated by the TLR3-IRF7 pathway, macrophage activation and cytokine expression in the GALT cells at the early stage of IBDV infection was differentially modulated, and the HLJ0504-like vvIBDV strain triggered stronger activation than the attenuated vaccine strain, and that may play an important role in the progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, China; (R.C.); (J.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (W.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jinnan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, China; (R.C.); (J.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (W.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanhua Xiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, China; (R.C.); (J.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (W.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, China; (R.C.); (J.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (W.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Weiwei Shen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, China; (R.C.); (J.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (W.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Yihai Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, China; (R.C.); (J.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (W.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ping Wei
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
- Correspondence: (P.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiumiao He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, China; (R.C.); (J.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (W.S.); (Y.L.)
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
- Correspondence: (P.W.); (X.H.)
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7
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Feng X, Zhu N, Cui Y, Hou L, Zhou J, Qiu Y, Yang X, Liu C, Wang D, Guo J, Sun T, Shi Y, Han N, Mo M, Liu J. Characterization and pathogenicity of a naturally reassortant and recombinant infectious bursal disease virus in China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e746-e758. [PMID: 34657384 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), an Avibirnavirus, is the pathogen of infectious bursal disease, which is a severely immunosuppressive disease in 3-15-week-old chickens. Different phenotypes of IBDV, including classical, variant, very virulent (vv) and attenuated IBDV, have been reported in many chicken-rearing countries worldwide. Here, we isolated and identified a naturally reassortant and recombinant IBDV (designated GXB02) from 20-day-old chickens with clinicopathological changes of infectious bursal disease (IBD) in Guangxi Province, China. Whole genomic sequencing showed that the strain GXB02 simultaneously has both reassortant and recombinant characteristics with segments A and B being derived from recombinant intermediate vaccine strain and classic strains of IBDV. Segment A of strain GXB02 was incorporated into the skeleton of an intermediate IBDV vaccine strain (W2512), where the breakpoints of two recombinant events located at nucleotide positions 1468 and 1648 were replaced by reassortant vvIBDV (PK2) and vvIBDV (D6948) of segment A, respectively. We used this GXB02 strain to inoculate 21-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens to evaluate its pathogenicity. Strain GXB02 has clinicopathologic characteristics of IBD with severe bursal lesions, as evidenced by necrosis, depletion of lymphocytes, and follicle atrophy, indicating that reassortment with classical strains in segment B or/and recombination with very virulent strains increased pathogenicity of the strain GXB02 in chickens. These findings provide important insights into the genetic exchange between classic and attenuated strains of IBDV with two recombinant events occurring at the intermediate derivative segment A with vvIBDV strains, thereby increasing the difficulty of prevention and control of IBD due to novel reassortant-recombinant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufei Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongqiu Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lei Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yonghui Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Changzhe Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dedong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jinshuo Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tong Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongyan Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Nan Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Meilan Mo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jue Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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8
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Wang W, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Qiao Y, Deng Q, Chen R, Chen J, Huang T, Wei T, Mo M, He X, Wei P. The emerging naturally reassortant strain of IBDV (genotype A2dB3) having segment A from Chinese novel variant strain and segment B from HLJ 0504-like very virulent strain showed enhanced pathogenicity to three-yellow chickens. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e566-e579. [PMID: 34581009 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Novel variant infectious bursal disease virus (nvIBDV) is an emerging pathotype that can cause sub-clinical disease with severe, prolonged immunosuppression in young chickens. At present, two major pathotypes, including vvIBDV and nvIBDV, are prevailing in China. In this study, we propose that the nvIBDV is a new genotype (A2dB1b) and also first isolated and characterized a nvIBDV reassortant strain YL160304 (A2dB3) with segments A and B derived, respectively, from the nvIBDV and the HLJ-0504-like vvIBDV from yellow chickens in southern China. The YL160304 causes more extensive cytotropism and can infect specific-pathogen-free chicken embryos with severe subcutaneous hemorrhage. The pathogenicity of YL160304 to 4-week-old three-yellow chickens was determined and compared with those of the nvIBDV QZ191002 and the HLJ-0504-like vvIBDV NN1172. Weight gain was significantly reduced in all the challenged birds. No clinical signs and associated mortality were observed in the birds challenged with QZ191002, while the mortalities in the birds challenged with NN1172 and YL160304 were 30% (3/10) and 10% (1/10), respectively. At 7 days postchallenge, the bursa was severely damaged and the percentage of peripheral blood B lymphocyte (PBBL) decreased significantly in all the challenged birds and the quantity of the viral RNA detected in the bursa was in accordance with the results of the histomorphometry and the depletion of PBBL. This study not only confirmed the emerging epidemic of the novel variant and its reassortant strains, but also discovered that the naturally reassortant nvIBDV strain with the segment B of HLJ 0504-like vvIBDV can significantly enhance the pathogenicity to chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzheng Qiao
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Qiaomu Deng
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, P. R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Jinnan Chen
- School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, P. R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Teng Huang
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Tianchao Wei
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Meilan Mo
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Xiumiao He
- School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, P. R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Ping Wei
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, P. R. China
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9
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Wang W, Huang Y, Ji Z, Chen G, Zhang Y, Qiao Y, Shi M, Li M, Huang T, Wei T, Mo M, He X, Wei P. The Full Region of N-Terminal in Polymerase of IBDV Plays an Important Role in Viral Replication and Pathogenicity: Either Partial Region or Single Amino Acid V4I Substitution Does Not Completely Lead to the Virus Attenuation to Three-Yellow Chickens. Viruses 2021; 13:v13010107. [PMID: 33466596 PMCID: PMC7828667 DOI: 10.3390/v13010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) has haunted the poultry industry with severe, prolonged immunosuppression of chickens when infected at an early age and can easily lead to other secondary infections. Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms could lead to effective prevention and control of Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD). Evidence suggests that the N-terminal domain of polymerase in segment B plays an important role, but it is not clear which part or residual is crucial for the pathogenicity. Using a reverse genetics technique, a molecular clone (rNN1172) of the parental vvIBDV strain NN1172 was generated, and its pathogenicity was found to be the same as the parental virus. Then, three recombinant chimeric viruses were rescued based on the rNN1172 and substituted with the counterparts in the N-terminal domain of the attenuated vaccine strain B87: the rNN1172-B87VP1a (substituting the full region of the 1–167 aa residuals), the rNN1172-B87VP1a∆4 (substituting the region of the 5–167 aa residuals), and the rNN1172-VP1∆4 (one single aa residual substitution V4I), to better explore the role of the N-terminal domain of polymerase on the viral pathogenicity. Interestingly, all these substitutions played different roles in the viral pathogenicity: the mortality of the rNN1172-B87VP1a-challenged chickens was significantly reduced from 30% to 0%. No obvious lesion was found in the histopathological examination, and the lowest viral genome copy number was also detected in the bursa when compared to the parental and two other recombinant viruses. The mortalities caused by rNN1172-B87VP1a∆4 and rNN1172-B87VP1∆4, respectively, were all reduced to 10% and had a delayed onset of death. Our results also revealed that the pathogenicity of the IBDV was consistent with the viral replication efficiency in vivo (bursae). This study demonstrated that the full region of the N-terminal of polymerase plays an important role in viral replication and pathogenicity, but the substitutions of its partial region or a single residual do not completely lead to the virus attenuation to Three-Yellow chickens, although that significantly reduces its pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (W.W.); (Y.H.); (Z.J.); (G.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Q.); (M.S.); (M.L.); (T.H.); (T.W.); (M.M.)
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (W.W.); (Y.H.); (Z.J.); (G.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Q.); (M.S.); (M.L.); (T.H.); (T.W.); (M.M.)
| | - Zhonghua Ji
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (W.W.); (Y.H.); (Z.J.); (G.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Q.); (M.S.); (M.L.); (T.H.); (T.W.); (M.M.)
| | - Guo Chen
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (W.W.); (Y.H.); (Z.J.); (G.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Q.); (M.S.); (M.L.); (T.H.); (T.W.); (M.M.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (W.W.); (Y.H.); (Z.J.); (G.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Q.); (M.S.); (M.L.); (T.H.); (T.W.); (M.M.)
| | - Yuanzheng Qiao
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (W.W.); (Y.H.); (Z.J.); (G.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Q.); (M.S.); (M.L.); (T.H.); (T.W.); (M.M.)
| | - Mengya Shi
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (W.W.); (Y.H.); (Z.J.); (G.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Q.); (M.S.); (M.L.); (T.H.); (T.W.); (M.M.)
| | - Min Li
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (W.W.); (Y.H.); (Z.J.); (G.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Q.); (M.S.); (M.L.); (T.H.); (T.W.); (M.M.)
| | - Teng Huang
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (W.W.); (Y.H.); (Z.J.); (G.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Q.); (M.S.); (M.L.); (T.H.); (T.W.); (M.M.)
| | - Tianchao Wei
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (W.W.); (Y.H.); (Z.J.); (G.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Q.); (M.S.); (M.L.); (T.H.); (T.W.); (M.M.)
| | - Meilan Mo
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (W.W.); (Y.H.); (Z.J.); (G.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Q.); (M.S.); (M.L.); (T.H.); (T.W.); (M.M.)
| | - Xiumiao He
- School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (P.W.)
| | - Ping Wei
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (W.W.); (Y.H.); (Z.J.); (G.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Q.); (M.S.); (M.L.); (T.H.); (T.W.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (P.W.)
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10
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Wang W, Liang J, Shi M, Chen G, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Z, Wang M, Li M, Mo M, Wei T, Huang T, He X, Wei P. The diagnosis and successful replication of a clinical case of Duck Spleen Necrosis Disease: An experimental co-infection of an emerging unique reovirus and Salmonella indiana reveals the roles of each of the pathogens. Vet Microbiol 2020; 246:108723. [PMID: 32605746 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Duck spleen necrosis disease (DSND) is an emerging infectious disease that causes significant economic loss in the duck industry. In 2018, a duck reovirus (named DRV/GX-Y7) and Salmonella indiana were both isolated from the spleens and livers of diseased ducks with DSND in China. The DRV/GX-Y7 strain could propagate in the Vero, LMH, DF-1 and DEF cells with obvious cytopathic effects. The genome of DRV/GX-Y7 was 23,418 bp in length, contained 10 dsRNA segments, ranging from 3959 nt (L1) to 1191 nt (S4). The phylogenetic analysis showed that the DRV/GX-Y7 strain was in the same branch with the new waterfowl-origin reovirus cluster, but was obviously far distant from the clusters of other previous waterfowl-origin reoviruses Muscovy duck reovirus (MDRV) and goose-origin reovirus (GRV), broiler/layer-origin reovirus (ARV) and turkey-origin reovirus (TRV). The RDP and SimPlot program analysis revealed that there were two potential genetic reassortment events in the M2 and S1 segments of the genome. In order to have a clear insight into the pathogenic mechanism of DRV/GX-Y7 and S. Indiana in clinical DSND, an infection experiment was further conducted by challenging commercial ducklings with the two isolates individually and with both. The results showed that DRV/GX-Y7 produced severe hemorrhagic and/or necrotic lesions in the immune organs (thymus, spleen, and bursae) of experimentally infected ducklings. And, that the co-infection of DRV/GX-Y7 and S. Indiana could greatly enhance the pathogenesis by increasing the morbidity and mortality in ducklings whose clinical symptoms and lesions were similar to the natural clinical DSND cases. In summary, the results suggested that the pathogen causing duck spleen necrosis was an emerging unique genetic reassortment strain of duck Orthoreovirus that was significantly different from any previously reported waterfowl-derived Orthoreovirus and the co-infection with the Salmonella isolate could increase the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, China
| | - Jingzhen Liang
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, China
| | - Mengya Shi
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, China
| | - Zengzhi Zhao
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, China
| | - Meilan Mo
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, China
| | - Tianchao Wei
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, China
| | - Teng Huang
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, China
| | - Xiumiao He
- School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology/Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, Guangxi 530006, China.
| | - Ping Wei
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, China.
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11
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Wang Q, Hu H, Chen G, Liu H, Wang S, Xia D, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Jiang J, Ma J, Xu Y, Xu Z, Ou C, Liu X. Identification and assessment of pathogenicity of a naturally reassorted infectious bursal disease virus from Henan, China. Poult Sci 2020; 98:6433-6444. [PMID: 31504884 PMCID: PMC8913969 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is still a vital etiological agent in poultry farms. IBDV outbreaks occasionally occur due to the presence of very virulent, reassortment or variant strains. Vaccine immunization has played crucial roles in IBD control for decades. However, survival pressure of IBDV from the vaccine immunization also increases the reassortments of circulating viruses. In this study, an IBDV strain was isolated from several broiler farms in Henan Province, central part of China, and named IBDV HN strain. Based on the results of RT-PCR, sequencing and phylogenic analyses of VP1 and VP2 genes, the IBDV HN strain is a novel reassortment strain in the Henan region. Segment A of this strain appears to originate from the very virulent IBDV strain, while segment B comes from the other field reassortment strains. This may be the result of natural reassortant of virus circulating in the field. About 60% (6/10) of experimentally infected specific pathogen-free chickens died after 3 to 5 d post-infection with typical symptom and pathological lesions. The IBDV HN strain was prone to horizontal transmission, which poses a serious threat to the chicken industry. Further investigation on the prevalence, virulence, and evolution of HN strain IBDV will provide a foundation for the prevention and control of the disease in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Wang
- Postdoctoral Research and Development Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Huilong Hu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Guangli Chen
- Xinxiang Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Hailin Liu
- Xinxiang Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Dasong Xia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Yan Yu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Jinqing Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Jinyou Ma
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Yanzhao Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Zhiyong Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Changbo Ou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Xingyou Liu
- Postdoctoral Research and Development Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
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12
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Lin J, Yi X, Zhuang Y. Coupling metabolomics analysis and DOE optimization strategy towards enhanced IBDV production by chicken embryo fibroblast DF-1 cells. J Biotechnol 2019; 307:114-124. [PMID: 31697974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) caused by IBD virus (IBDV) is highly contagious viral and vaccination in chicken embryo has been an effective mean to prevent acute infection. However, the current production of IBDV vaccine faces serious batch instability and external contamination. The chicken embryonic fibroblast cell line DF-1 is widely used for the proliferation of avian viruses and vaccine production. Thus, optimizing the production of IBDV by DF-1 cells has an important application value. Combining metabolomics analysis and a Design of Experiments (DOE) statistical strategy, this study successfully optimized the process of IBDV production by DF-1 cells. Differential analysis and time series analysis of metabolite data in both IBDV-infected and uninfected DF-1 cells were performed by multivariate statistical analysis. The results showed that the intracellular metabolite intensities of glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, the nucleoside synthesis pathway, lipid metabolism, and glutathione metabolism were upregulated, and the TCA cycle underwent a slight downregulation after IBDV infection of DF-1 cells. Based on the metabolome results and DOE statistical optimization method, the additive components suitable for IBDV proliferation were determined. The IBDV titer increased by 20.7 times upon exogenous addition of cysteine, methionine, lysine and nucleosides in the control medium, which is consistent with the predicted result (20.0 times) by a multivariate quadratic equation. This study provides a strategy for the efficient production of IBDV vaccines and could potentially be utilized to improve the production of other viral vaccines and biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingping Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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13
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He X, Wang W, Chen G, Jiao P, Ji Z, Yang L, Wei P. Serological study reveal different antigenic IBDV strains prevalent in southern China during the years 2000-2017 and also the antigenic differences between the field strains and the commonly used vaccine strains. Vet Microbiol 2019; 239:108458. [PMID: 31767074 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the antigenic relatedness of Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses (IBDVs) in the field in southern China during the period 2000-2017, as well as the antigenic relationship between the field strains and the most commonly used vaccine strains by using a virus neutralization (VN) test in vitro. The antigenic relatedness (R) value and the difference in VN titers were analyzed, and the antigenic index based on the sequences of the hypervariable region of VP2 (vVP2) of the strains was further evaluated. As a result, the R value of representative field strains showed that there were three subtypes present in the field strains examined, with 7 strains belonging to subtype 1, while strains BH11 and JS7 belonged to subtype 2 and subtype 3, respectively. The commonly used vaccine strains B87 and FW2512 belonged to subtype 1. The analysis of the VN titer differences revealed that all the 136 field strains were classified into subtype 1, except BH11 and JS7. All the field strains in subtype 1 have been divided into at least 5 subgroups, suggesting the antigenic diversity among these strains. The antigenic index based on IBDV-VP2 sequences further confirmed the antigenic differences between the three subtype strains and also the antigenic diversity among the subtype 1. The results demonstrated the antigenic diversity of field IBDVs in southern China during the years 2000-2017 and the antigenic differences between the field strains and the commonly used vaccine strains. This would indicate that the commonly used vaccines are only partially effective. These results enhance our understanding of IBDV genetic evolution and should help to develop more effective vaccines for the control of this disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumiao He
- School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology/Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resources, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, Guangxi 530006, China; Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, Guangxi 530006, China.
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Pengtao Jiao
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Zhonghua Ji
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology/Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resources, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, Guangxi 530006, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
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14
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Antigenicity characterization of four representative natural reassortment IBDVs isolated from commercial three-yellow chickens from Southern China reveals different subtypes co-prevalent in the field. Vet Microbiol 2018; 219:183-189. [PMID: 29778195 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The antigenic relationships between the natural reassortment field strains of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), and between the field strains and the vaccine strains are poorly understood. In the present study, the antigenicity of four representative natural reassortment IBDV isolates designated JS7, GD10111, NN1005 and NN1172 from southern China during the years 2005-2011 and their antigenic relationship with the most commonly used vaccine strain B87 were investigated in vivo. For this purpose, cross-challenge studies were performed on 28-day-old birds, which were 2 weeks post-vaccination by oil-emulsion vaccines (OEVs) prepared from the four field viruses and B87, respectively. The protection related values (PRV) were evaluated based on the protection rate measured by clinical signs and mortality, bursa/body weight (B/BW) ratio and the viral load in the bursal samples at 3 and 7 days post challenge. As a result, the PRV showed that the isolates NN1172 and GD10111 belonged to the same antigenic subtype, while the isolates NN1005 and JS7 belong to another subtype. The vaccine strain B87 was grouped with the isolates NN1005 and JS7 but actually belongs to another small subgroup and provided only 60-80% protection against the challenge of the four field strains. The results demonstrated that different antigenic subtypes co-existed among the field natural reassortment IBDV strains and the commonly used vaccine strain B87 was antigenically different from the prevalent IBDVs in southern China.
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15
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He X, Chen Y, Kang S, Chen G, Wei P. Differential Regulation of chTLR3 by Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses with Different Virulence In Vitro and In Vivo. Viral Immunol 2017; 30:490-499. [PMID: 28402729 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2016.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is one of the TLRs whose ligand is double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a dsRNA virus that could be recognized by TLR3. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the virulence of IBDV on the expression of chicken TLR3 (chTLR3). For this purpose, the levels of chTLR3 expression and its downstream effectors, Interferon β (IFN-β) and Interleukin 8 (IL-8), were detected and analyzed after infection of IBDV field isolates with differential virulence in vitro (chicken embryo fibroblast and/or chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells) and in vivo (commercial Three-Yellow chicken). The results showed that chTLR3 was activated by IBDV, resulting in the expression of antiviral IFN-β and chemokine IL-8. The expression of chTLR3, IFN-β, and IL-8 correlated well with the virulence of IBDV as the more virulent the IBDV strain that was used, the more pronounced was the expression of chTLR3, IFN-β, and IL-8. These results suggest that chTLR3 is involved in the pathogenesis of IBDV in commercial chickens and its downstream effectors (IFN-β and IL-8) might play an important role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumiao He
- 1 School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology/Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resources, Guangxi University for Nationalities , Nanning, China .,2 Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University , Nanning, China .,3 Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Polysaccharide Materials and Their Modification, Guangxi University for Nationalities , Nanning, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- 1 School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology/Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resources, Guangxi University for Nationalities , Nanning, China
| | - Synat Kang
- 1 School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology/Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resources, Guangxi University for Nationalities , Nanning, China
| | - Guo Chen
- 2 Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University , Nanning, China
| | - Ping Wei
- 2 Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University , Nanning, China
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