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Yan T, Li G, Zhou D, Hu L, Hao X, Li R, Wang G, Cheng Z. Long read sequencing revealed proventricular virome of broiler chicken with transmission viral proventriculitis. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:253. [PMID: 35768837 PMCID: PMC9241223 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03339-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transmissible viral proventriculitis (TVP) causes significant economic loss to the poultry industry. However, the exact causative agents are obscure. Here we examine the virome of proventriculus from specified pathogen free (SPF) chickens that reproduced by infection of proventricular homogenate from broiler chicken with TVP using long read sequencing of the Pacific Biosciences RSII platform. The normal SPF chickens were used as control. Results Our investigation reveals a virome of proventriculitis, including three Gyrovirus genera of the Aneloviridae: Gyrovirus homsa1 (GyH1) (also known as Gyrovirus 3, GyV3) (n = 2662), chicken anemia virus (CAV) (n = 482) and Gyrovirus galga1 (GyG1) (also known as avian Gyrovirus 2, AGV2) (n = 11); a plethora of novel CRESS viral genomes (n = 26) and a novel genomovirus. The 27 novel viruses were divided into three clusters. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the GyH1 strain was more closely related to the strains from chicken (MG366592) than mammalian (human and cat), the GyG1 strain was closely related to the strains from cat in China (MK089245) and from chicken in Brazil (HM590588), and the CAV strain was more closely related to the strains from Germany (AJ297684) and United Kingdom (U66304) than that previously found in China. Conclusion In this study, we revealed that Gyrovirus virome showed high abundance in chickens with TVP, suggesting their potential role in TVP, especially GyH1. This study is expected to contribute to the knowledge of the etiology of TVP. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03339-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxing Yan
- Present Address: College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provence, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Gen Li
- Present Address: College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provence, Tai'an, 271018, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Defang Zhou
- Present Address: College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provence, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Liping Hu
- Animal Epidemic Prevention and Control Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaojing Hao
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruiqi Li
- Present Address: College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provence, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Guihua Wang
- Present Address: College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provence, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- Present Address: College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provence, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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Hauck R, Stoute S, Senties-Cue CG, Guy JS, Shivaprasad HL. A Retrospective Study of Transmissible Viral Proventriculitis in Broiler Chickens in California: 2000-18. Avian Dis 2021; 64:525-531. [PMID: 33570104 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d20-00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Transmissible viral proventriculitis (TVP) is a disease of chickens, mostly in broilers of 2-8 wk of age. Chicken proventricular necrosis virus (CPNV), a birnavirus, is the etiologic agent. Characteristic gross lesions are enlargement, atony, and pallor of the proventriculus. Cases diagnosed in California between 2000 and 2018 (n = 477), originating from 93 different farms representing all major companies in the region, were analyzed. Frequency of cases varied widely between years, with no recognizable seasonality. The flocks were between 6 and 61 days of age; the average age was 34.0 days, and the median age was 35 days. In 166 cases, between 6.3% and 100% of the submitted birds had gross lesions in the proventriculus. The most common findings were enlarged or dilated proventriculi, thickened walls, and pale or mottled serosal appearance. Histopathologically, inflammation of the glands was the most frequent finding. Other lesions included necrosis, hyperplasia, or both conditions of the glandular epithelium; dilated glands; and occasionally fibrin deposition, fibrosis, and hemorrhages. Twenty-three proventriculi from six cases were tested by immunohistochemistry for the presence of CPNV antigen; 21 stained positive. In 209 cases, birds also had lesions in the bursa fabricii attributed to infectious bursal disease, but with no significant difference in the mean percentage of birds with gross lesions in the proventriculus between cases with or without lesions in the bursa fabricii. The results show that TVP is a common disease of broiler flocks in California and confirms that CPNV is the likely causative agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Hauck
- Department of Pathobiology and Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
| | - Simone Stoute
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Turlock Branch, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95380
| | - C Gabriel Senties-Cue
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Turlock Branch, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95380
| | - James S Guy
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - H L Shivaprasad
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Tulare Branch, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 93274
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Leão PA, Amaral CI, Santos WHM, Moreira MVL, de Oliveira LB, Costa EA, Resende M, Wenceslau R, Ecco R. Retrospective and prospective studies of transmissible viral proventriculitis in broiler chickens in Brazil. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 33:605-610. [PMID: 33769146 DOI: 10.1177/10406387211004106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the occurrence and pathologic findings of transmissible viral proventriculitis (TVP) associated with the chicken proventricular necrosis virus (CPNV) in commercial broiler chickens in southeastern Brazil. Seventy-three broilers, 25-36 d old, with a history of reduced growth, were referred to our veterinary pathology services from 2013 to 2017. Broilers were clinically examined, weighed, and euthanized for postmortem examination. Broilers of different ages with proventricular histologic lesions were positive for CPNV by RT-PCR; however, the intensity of histologic lesions was higher among 33-d-old animals, and viral RNA detection was more frequent among those that were 28 d old. In the proventriculi of 35 of 73 (48%) broilers, lesions were characterized by glandular epithelial necrosis, lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic infiltrates, and metaplasia of glandular epithelium to ductal epithelium. In 24 of 73 (36%) broilers with histologic TVP-compatible lesions, CPNV was detected by RT-PCR for the viral protein 1 (VP1) gene. Broilers with histologic lesions were lighter than expected compared to the Cobb 500 standard weight. TVP has not been reported previously in broiler chickens in Brazil, to our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipe A Leão
- Departments of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Camila I Amaral
- Departments of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Willian H M Santos
- Departments of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Matheus V L Moreira
- Departments of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leticia B de Oliveira
- Departments of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Erica A Costa
- Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Resende
- Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Raphael Wenceslau
- Departments of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Roselene Ecco
- Departments of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Śmiałek M, Gesek M, Dziewulska D, Niczyporuk JS, Koncicki A. Transmissible Viral Proventriculitis Caused by Chicken ProVentricular Necrosis Virus Displaying Serological Cross-Reactivity with IBDV. Animals (Basel) 2020; 11:ani11010008. [PMID: 33374720 PMCID: PMC7822447 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmissible viral proventriculitis (TVP) of chickens is manifested in decreased body weight gains, poor feed conversion and weight diversity. Although TVP etiology has not been defined, a Birnaviridae family member, named chicken proventricular necrosis virus (CPNV) is considered as a potential factor of a disease. This study was undertaken in order to reproduce TVP and to evaluate its etiology. Broiler chickens of the TVP-infected group were inoculated with TVP positive proventriculi homogenate on the 24th day of life. Samples were collected, on infection day and 14 days post-infection (dpi). The 14 dpi anatomo- and histopathological evaluation, revealed that we have succeeded to reproduce TVP. TVP-infected birds gained 30.38% less body weight. In the TVP-infected group a seroconversion against picornaviruses, fowl adenoviruses (FAdV) and infectious bursal disease viruses (IBDV) was recorded with an ELISA test. Using RT-PCR and PCR, CPNV was detected in proventriculi and FAdV in spleens and livers of infected birds, 14 dpi. Our study supports that CPNV is involved in the development of TVP. We did not record the presence of IBDV in TVP or control birds, despite our recording of a seroconversion against IBDV in TVP infected birds. CPNV and IBDV belong to the same family, which allows us to assume serological cross-reactivity between them. The role of FAdV needs further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Śmiałek
- Department of Avian Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Oczapowskiego 13/14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (D.D.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Michał Gesek
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Daria Dziewulska
- Department of Avian Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Oczapowskiego 13/14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (D.D.); (A.K.)
| | - Jowita Samanta Niczyporuk
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute in Puławy, 57 Partyzantów Avenue, 24-100 Puławy, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Koncicki
- Department of Avian Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Oczapowskiego 13/14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (D.D.); (A.K.)
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Grau-Roma L, Schock A, Nofrarías M, Ali Wali N, de Fraga AP, Garcia-Rueda C, de Brot S, Majó N. Retrospective study on transmissible viral proventriculitis and chicken proventricular necrosis virus (CPNV) in the UK. Avian Pathol 2019; 49:99-105. [PMID: 31591909 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2019.1677856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chicken proventricular necrosis virus (CPNV) is a recently described birnavirus, which has been proposed to be the cause of transmissible viral proventriculitis (TVP). The understanding of the epidemiology of both the virus and the disease is very limited. A retrospective investigation on TVP and CPNV in broiler chicken submissions from the UK from between 1994 and 2015 was performed with the aims of assessing the longitudinal temporal evolution of TVP and CPNV, and to review the histological proventricular lesions in the studied chickens. Ninety-nine of the 135 included submissions (73.3%) fulfilled the TVP-diagnostic criteria, while the remaining 36 submissions (26.7%) displayed only lymphocytic proventriculitis (LP). The first detection of CPNV by PCR dated from 2009. Results showed a rise in the number of both TVP and positive CPNV RT-PCR submissions from 2009 with a peak in 2013, suggesting that they may be an emerging or re-emerging disease and pathogen, respectively. Twenty-two out of the 99 submissions displaying TVP lesions (22%) and four out of the 36 (11%) submissions with LP gave positive CPNV RT-PCR results, further supporting the association between CPNV and TVP and confirming that CPNV is present in a low proportion of proventriculi that do not fulfil the TVP-diagnostic criteria. In addition, intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in 22 of the submissions with TVP. The vast majority of these cases (21 of 22, 96%) gave negative CPNV RT-PCR results, raising the question of whether a virus other than CPNV is responsible for some of these TVP-affected cases.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTSTVP and CPNV have been present in British broilers since at least 1994 and 2009, respectively.TVP and CPNV seem to be an emerging and re-emerging disease and pathogen, respectively.CPNV was detected in proventriculi with both TVP and LP-lesions.Viruses other than CPNV may be responsible for some TVP-affected cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llorenç Grau-Roma
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science (SVMS), University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK.,Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alex Schock
- Avian Pathology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Penicuik, UK
| | - Miquel Nofrarías
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nabil Ali Wali
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aline Padilha de Fraga
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Simone de Brot
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science (SVMS), University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK.,Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Majó
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Disease surveillance in England and Wales, April 2017. Vet Rec 2017; 180:440-443. [PMID: 28473487 DOI: 10.1136/vr.j2093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
▪ Current and emerging issues: update on Schmallenberg virus▪ Highlights from the scanning surveillance network▪ Update on international disease threats▪ Focus on Klebsiella pneumoniae septicaemia in preweaned pigsThese are among matters discussed in the Animal and Plant Health Agency's (APHA's) disease surveillance report for April 2017.
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