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Lauková A, Chrastinová Ľ, Micenková L, Bino E, Kubašová I, Kandričáková A, Gancarčíková S, Plachá I, Holodová M, Grešáková Ľ, Formelová Z, Simonová MP. Enterocin M in Interaction in Broiler Rabbits with Autochthonous, Biofilm-Forming Enterococcus hirae Kr8 Strain. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:845-853. [PMID: 35699894 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09941-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Young rabbits are susceptible to gastrointestinal diseases caused by bacteria. Enterococcus hirae can be associated with diseases. But enterocins produced by some enterococcal species can prevent/reduce this problem. Therefore, the interaction of enterocin M with a biofilm-forming, autochthonous E. hirae Kr8+ strain was tested in rabbits to assess enterocin potential in vivo. Rabbits (96), aged 35 days, both sexes, meat line M91 breed were divided into four groups, control C and three experimental groups. The rabbits in C received the standard diet, rabbits in experimental group 1 (E1) received 108 CFU/mL of Kr8+, a dose 500 µL/animal/day, E2 received Ent M (50 µL/animal/day), and E3 received both Kr8+ and Ent M in their drinking water over 21 days. The experiment lasted 42 days. Feces and blood were sampled at day 0/1 (at the start of the experiment, fecal mixture of 96 animals, n = 10), at day 21 (five fecal mixtures per group, n = 5), and at day 42 (21 days after additives cessation, the same). At days 21 and 42, four rabbits from each group were slaughtered, and cecum and appendix were sampled for standard microbial analysis. Ent M showed decreased tendency of Kr8+. Using next-generation sequencing, the phyla detected with the highest abundance were Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Saccharibacteria, and Actinobacteria. Interaction of Ent M with some phyla resulted in reduced abundance percentage. At day 21, significantly increased phagocytic activity (PA) was found in E1 and E2 (p < 0.001). Kr8+ did not attack PA and did not stimulate oxidative stress. But Ent M supported PA. The prospective importance of this study lies in beneficial interaction of enterocin in host body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lauková
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Ľubica Chrastinová
- Department of Animal Nutrition, National Agriculture and Food Centre, Hlohovecká 2, Nitra-Lužianky, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Micenková
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kotlářska 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Bino
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Kubašová
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Anna Kandričáková
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Soňa Gancarčíková
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Gnotobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Iveta Plachá
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Monika Holodová
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ľubomíra Grešáková
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Formelová
- Department of Animal Nutrition, National Agriculture and Food Centre, Hlohovecká 2, Nitra-Lužianky, Slovakia
| | - Monika Pogány Simonová
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
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Dolka B, Cisek AA, Szeleszczuk P. The application of the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for diagnosing Enterococcus hirae-associated endocarditis outbreaks in chickens. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:48. [PMID: 30791887 PMCID: PMC6385395 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1420-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterococcus hirae is considered a part of the normal intestinal biota of several domestic animals, including poultry. However, this species is also associated with infective endocarditis in chickens, a disease that leads to unexpected deaths and serious economical losses. Enterococcus hirae is identified predominantly with the use of conventional bacteriological methods, biochemical tests and PCR. Rapid, sensitive and specific methods for detecting E. hirae in clinical samples are required in poultry production. The aim of this study was to use the Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) for the identification and quantification of E. hirae in heart samples from broiler chickens. RESULTS The specificity of the LAMP method was confirmed for 7 enterococcal strains and 3 non-enterococcal strains. E. hirae was detected in all of the 22 analyzed clinical bacterial isolates and in all of the 9 heart samples. Three sets of primers supported the detection of E. hirae with high sensitivity and specificity within one hour. The highest detection rate of a LAMP product was approximately 7 min for an E. hirae strain and 12 min for a positive heart sample. The detection limit for the E. hirae ATCC 10541 standard was 1.3 × 102 CFU (43.4 fg) or 13.8 copies of the E. hirae genome equivalent per reaction. The reaction was 10-fold more sensitive than conventional species-specific PCR. The LAMP assay supported the determination of the E. hirae load in chicken hearts with endocarditis in field cases. The average number of E. hirae cells in hearts was 5.19 × 107 CFU/g of tissue, and the average number of E. hirae genome equivalents in hearts was 5.51× 106 copies/g of tissue. Bacterial counts were significantly higher in the LAMP assay than in the standard plate count. CONCLUSIONS The LAMP assay is a useful diagnostic tool and an effective alternative to conventional methods for the detection of this enterococcal species. The sodA-based LAMP assay supported direct identification of E. hirae from pure cultures and heart samples without previous bacterial cultivation. This is the first study to apply the LAMP method for the purpose of diagnosing E. hirae-associated endocarditis in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Dolka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agata Anna Cisek
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Szeleszczuk
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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Braga JFV, Leal CAG, Silva CC, Fernandes AA, Martins NRDS, Ecco R. Genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance profile of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from broilers with vertebral osteomyelitis in Southeast Brazil. Avian Pathol 2017; 47:14-22. [PMID: 28737063 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2017.1359403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) is a worldwide emerging disease that affects broilers. Recently, the isolation of Enterococcus faecalis in cases of the disease has been described. This study aimed at determining the genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance profile of 12 E. faecalis strains isolated from broilers with VO. Strains were isolated from nine flocks from six farms in a high-density poultry production area in Southeast Brazil and were evaluated using multilocus sequence typing and phylogenetic analysis. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests and PCR were performed to detect antimicrobial resistance genes. E. faecalis isolates belonged to different sequence types (ST), six of which (ST49, ST100, ST116, ST202, ST249, and ST300) have been previously described. Strains ST708 and ST709 were newly identified in this study. Strain ST49 was most frequently isolated (50% of the flocks) from the analysed VO cases. No phylogenetic or phylogeographic relationship was found among the strains. The VO isolated E. faecalis strains showed highest resistance to aminoglycosides, mainly gentamicin (40%), but were highly susceptible to vancomycin (10%). Aminoglycoside resistance genes were detected in seven E. faecalis strains, and AAC6'-APH2″ genes were most frequently detected. The results showed that E. faecalis strains isolated from recently reported VO cases were highly diverse genetically. The diversity of genotypes in circulation in the analysed flocks, without apparent relationship among them, raises questions on aetiopathogenesis of the disease in broilers and evolutionary aspects of E. faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Fortes Vilarinho Braga
- a Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária , Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Gomes Leal
- b Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva , Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Camila Costa Silva
- a Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária , Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - André Almeida Fernandes
- b Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva , Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Nelson Rodrigo da Silva Martins
- b Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva , Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Roselene Ecco
- a Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária , Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
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Lauková A, Kandričáková A, Ščerbová J, Strompfová V. Enterococci isolated from farm ostriches and their relation to enterocins. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2015; 61:275-81. [PMID: 26603748 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-015-0435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study focuses on the detection of enterococci in ostrich faeces. Forty-six bacterial colonies from 140 ostriches were identified at the species level using the MALDI-TOF MS identification system. According to the score value evaluation, they were allotted to the species Enterococcus hirae, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus mundtii confirmed also by phenotypic testing. Dominated species E. hirae (34 strains) were submitted to more detailed testing. Those strains E. hirae produced either no or only slight amount of the enzymes related to disorders (N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, β-glucuronidase, α-chymotrypsin, trypsin). Most of the strains were not hemolytic. They did not harbour the hiracin-producing gene. Five E. hirae strains harboured virulence factor gene gelE; however, they were phenotypically gelatinase negative. They also harboured other virulence factor genes such as esp, efaAfm and ccf. E. hirae strains were mostly sensitive to antibiotics and those resistant at least to one antibiotic were sensitive to enterocins (200-25,600 AU/mL). This study represents original and novel results concerning the enterococcal microflora in ostriches; enterococci in ostriches have not been described in detail up to now; sensitivity to enterocins of E. hirae strains harbouring virulence factor genes to enterocins is also new.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lauková
- Institute of Animal Physiology Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Anna Kandričáková
- Institute of Animal Physiology Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jana Ščerbová
- Institute of Animal Physiology Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Viola Strompfová
- Institute of Animal Physiology Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
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Kense M, Landman WJM. Enterococcus cecoruminfections in broiler breeders and their offspring: molecular epidemiology. Avian Pathol 2011; 40:603-12. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2011.619165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Velkers FC, van de Graaf-Bloois L, Wagenaar JA, Westendorp ST, van Bergen MAP, Dwars RM, Landman WJM. Enterococcus hirae-associated endocarditis outbreaks in broiler flocks: clinical and pathological characteristics and molecular epidemiology. Vet Q 2011; 31:3-17. [PMID: 22029817 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2011.570107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterococcus hirae-associated endocarditis, characterized by a peak in mortality during the second week of the grow-out, and occasionally lameness, was diagnosed at Dutch broiler farms. OBJECTIVES Field cases were studied to increase knowledge on clinical and pathological characteristics, pathogenesis and epidemiology of these infections. ANIMALS AND METHODS In total, 1266 birds of 25 flocks from 12 farms were examined. Post-mortem examinations, bacteriology, histopathology, PCR and DNA fingerprinting was carried out. Six flocks were followed longitudinally (n = 1017 birds). RESULTS Average mortality was 4.1% for the entire grow-out, of which 36% was attributed to endocarditis. Fibrinous thromboendocarditis of the right atrioventricular (AV) valve was found in 24% of hearts, compared to 7% and 4% with lesions of left and both AV valves, respectively. Thrombotic lesions were found in 24% (n = 432) of lungs, but only in larger branches of the Arteria pulmonalis. Occasionally, thrombi were found in the Arteria ischiadica externa and in liver and brain vessels. Enterococcus was cultured from 54% (n = 176) of heart and in 75% (n = 28), 62% (n = 106) and 31% (n = 16) of liver, bone marrow and lung samples, respectively. Further identification, using the Rapid ID Strep 32 API system and a PCR targeting mur-2 and mur-2(ed) genes was carried out on a subset of Enterococcus positive isolates (n = 65): both techniques identified the isolates as Enterococcus hirae. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis did not indicate evidence of clonality between farms and flocks. CONCLUSIONS The relevance of these findings for pathogenesis and epidemiology of E. hirae infections is discussed. CLINICAL IMPORTANCE. This study may facilitate diagnosis of field cases and may contribute to the design of further research and development of control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Velkers
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Ito NMK, Miyaji CI, Lima EA, Okabayashi S, Claure RA, Graça EO. Entero-hepatic pathobiology: histopathology and semi-quantitative bacteriology of the duodenum. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2004. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-635x2004000100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- NMK Ito
- Universidade Santo Amaro; SPAVE Laboratório
| | - CI Miyaji
- Universidade Santo Amaro; SPAVE Laboratório
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Devriese LA, Vancanneyt M, Descheemaeker P, Baele M, Van Landuyt HW, Gordts B, Butaye P, Swings J, Haesebrouck F. Differentiation and identification of Enterococcus durans, E. hirae and E. villorum. J Appl Microbiol 2002; 92:821-7. [PMID: 11972684 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01586.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare different tests in the identification of Enterococcus durans, E. hirae and E. villorum strains. These bacteria belong to the E. faecium species group and are phylogenetically closely related, as evidenced by 16S rRNA sequence homologies of over 98.8%. METHODS AND RESULTS Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of whole-cell protein, tRNA interpacer polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and arbitrarily-primed (D11344-primed AP) -PCR analysis correctly identified all three species in a collection of strains from very diverse origins. In contrast, biochemical reactions only allowed the unequivocal differentiation of the three species as a group from the other enterococci. Within this group, D-xylose acidification can be used to differentiate E. villorum, but exceptions occur. Strains highly susceptible to clindamycin can be identified as E. durans, but many strains of this species cannot be differentiated from E. hirae and E. villorum due to acquired resistance. CONCLUSIONS Despite their close relationship, E. durans, E. hirae and E. villorum can be differentiated by genomic methods and by whole-cell protein analysis. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Only a minority of strains of these three enterococcal species can be identified reliably by the currently available and commonly applied phenotypic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Devriese
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
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Audisio MC, Oliver G, Apella MC. Effect of different complex carbon sources on growth and bacteriocin synthesis of Enterococcus faecium. Int J Food Microbiol 2001; 63:235-41. [PMID: 11246907 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(00)00429-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Different criteria are followed in order to select bacteria to be used in probiotic and symbiotic supplements. A new parameter to choose strains could be fermentation by intestinal bacteria of some complex carbohydrates because they are prebiotics and promote the development of beneficial microorganisms in the intestinal environment. An Enterococcus faecium strain, isolated from the crop of a free-range chicken, was assayed in order to determine the utilization of commercial sugars and/or crude carbohydrate samples from a sugar mill. The production of antimicrobial substances, under these conditions, was also considered. Ent. faecium CRL1385 grew well in the presence of complex carbohydrates and its ability to produce bacteriocin, active against poultry pathogens such as Ent. hirae, Salmonella pullorum and Listeria monocytogenes, was not significantly modified. These results are promising because the trend today is to employ eubiotic or symbiotic products and their use in the poultry industry could be a natural way to protect the flocks against potential pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Audisio
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
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Chamanza R, Fabri TH, van Veen L, Dwars RM. Enterococcus-associated encephalomalacia in one-week-old chicks. Vet Rec 1998; 143:450-1. [PMID: 9823609 DOI: 10.1136/vr.143.16.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Chamanza
- Department of Pathology, University of Utrecht Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, The Netherlands
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