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Ganapathiwar S, Pappula R, Banothu AK, Bhukya B. Causatum of Probiotic Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae SBO1 Supplementation on Growth and Aflatoxin Amelioration in Broilers. Indian J Microbiol 2023; 63:253-262. [PMID: 37781010 PMCID: PMC10533762 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are beneficial live microorganisms that benefit the host's health when administered in the required number. They play a vital role in preventing infectious diseases caused by pathogens. The current study aimed to discover a competent probiotic microbe that can detoxify aflatoxin and promote poultry health. The yeast isolate SBO1 tolerates the temperature of 42 °C, low pH, and high bile conditions, has good auto aggregation, hydrophobicity, and exhibits improved adherence to chick intestinal epithelial cells. In addition, it has an aflatoxin detoxifying ability of 56% after 24 h. In-vivo studies in broilers resulted in a higher body weight (2138 g) and greater feed conversion efficiency in the T2 group when fed with yeast SBO1-supplemented diet. Gizzard, spleen, and bursa Fabricius were all found to weigh the same, however, a significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in the carcass, breast yield, and fat. Therefore it was determined that adding 0.2% yeast to the broiler diet increased performance by lessening the toxin's adverse effects. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-023-01078-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaruparani Ganapathiwar
- Centre for Microbial and Fermentation Technology, Department of Microbiology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500007 India
| | - Radhika Pappula
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Veterinary Science, P. V. Narsimha Rao Telangana Veterinary University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500030 India
| | - Anil Kumar Banothu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, P. V. Narsimha Rao Telangana Veterinary University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500030 India
| | - Bhima Bhukya
- Centre for Microbial and Fermentation Technology, Department of Microbiology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500007 India
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Cardoso Gimenes D, Ono MA, de Souza Suguiura IM, Macagnan R, Sartori D, Borsato D, Pelegrinelli Fungaro MH, Ono EYS. Yeasts as sustainable biocontrol agents against ochratoxigenic Aspergillus species and in vitro optimization of ochratoxin A detoxification. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad174. [PMID: 37537147 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aims of this study were to evaluate the potential of Hanseniaspora opuntiae, Meyerozyma caribbica, and Kluyveromyces marxianus for in vitro biocontrol of Aspergillus ochraceus, A. westerdijkiae, and A. carbonarius growth, the ochratoxin A (OTA) effect on yeast growth, and yeast in vitro OTA detoxification ability using an experimental design to predict the combined effects of inoculum size, incubation time, and OTA concentration. METHODS AND RESULTS Predictive models were developed using an incomplete Box-Behnken experimental design to predict the combined effects of inoculum size, incubation time, and OTA concentration on OTA detoxification by the yeasts. The yeasts were able to inhibit fungal growth from 13% to 86%. Kluyveromyces marxianus was the most efficient in inhibiting the three Aspergillus species. Furthermore, high OTA levels (100 ng ml-1) did not affect yeast growth over 72 h incubation. The models showed that the maximum OTA detoxification under optimum conditions was 86.8% (H. opuntiae), 79.3% (M. caribbica), and 73.7% (K. marxianus), with no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the values predicted and the results obtained experimentally. CONCLUSION The yeasts showed potential for biocontrol of ochratoxigenic fungi and OTA detoxification, and the models developed are important tools for predicting the best conditions for the application of these yeasts as detoxification agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Cardoso Gimenes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, State University of Londrina, P.O. box 10.011, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Mario Augusto Ono
- Department of Pathological Sciences, State University of Londrina, P.O. box 10.011, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil
| | | | - Rafaela Macagnan
- Department of Pathological Sciences, State University of Londrina, P.O. box 10.011, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Daniele Sartori
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, State University of Londrina, P.O. box 10.011, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Dionisio Borsato
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina, P.O. box 10.011, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil
| | | | - Elisabete Yurie Sataque Ono
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, State University of Londrina, P.O. box 10.011, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil
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Vergara SC, Leiva MJ, Mestre MV, Vazquez F, Nally MC, Maturano YP. Non-saccharomyces yeast probiotics: revealing relevance and potential. FEMS Yeast Res 2023; 23:foad041. [PMID: 37777839 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foad041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-Saccharomyces yeasts are unicellular eukaryotes that play important roles in diverse ecological niches. In recent decades, their physiological and morphological properties have been reevaluated and reassessed, demonstrating the enormous potential they possess in various fields of application. Non-Saccharomyces yeasts have gained relevance as probiotics, and in vitro and in vivo assays are very promising and offer a research niche with novel applications within the functional food and nutraceutical industry. Several beneficial effects have been described, such as antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and gastrointestinal modulation and regulation functions. In addition, several positive effects of bioactive compounds or production of specific enzymes have been reported on physical, mental and neurodegenerative diseases as well as on the organoleptic properties of the final product. Other points to highlight are the multiomics as a tool to enhance characteristics of interest within the industry; as well as microencapsulation offer a wide field of study that opens the niche of food matrices as carriers of probiotics; in turn, non-Saccharomyces yeasts offer an interesting alternative as microencapsulating cells of various compounds of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cristina Vergara
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. San Martín 1109 (O), San Juan 5400, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Godoy Cruz 2290 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - María José Leiva
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. San Martín 1109 (O), San Juan 5400, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Godoy Cruz 2290 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Mestre
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. San Martín 1109 (O), San Juan 5400, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Godoy Cruz 2290 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Fabio Vazquez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. San Martín 1109 (O), San Juan 5400, Argentina
| | - María Cristina Nally
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. San Martín 1109 (O), San Juan 5400, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Godoy Cruz 2290 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Yolanda Paola Maturano
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. San Martín 1109 (O), San Juan 5400, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Godoy Cruz 2290 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1425FQB, Argentina
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Rahmani B, Alimadadi N, Attaran B, Nasr S. Yeasts from Iranian traditional milk kefir samples: isolation, molecular identification and their potential probiotic properties. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:1264-1274. [PMID: 35879830 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Milk kefir is a fermented dairy product with numerous attributed health benefits due to the presence of a complex eukaryotic and prokaryotic microbiota. In this study, a total number of 26 yeast isolates were obtained from eight kefir samples from three different cities of Iran. The isolates belonged to Kluyveromyces marxianus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia fermentans and P. kudriavzevii. The potential probiotic characteristics of the isolates were evaluated based on their ability to tolerate the stimulated condition of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, hemolytic activity, adherence to different solvents, auto-aggregation, adhesion to the epithelial intestine-derived cells and antimicrobial activity of the selected isolates were evaluated. Overall, four yeast strains (three strains of S. cerevisiae and one strain of P. fermentans) showed resistance and survival ability against the gastrointestinal physiological conditions including acidic pH, presence of bile salt and digestive enzymes. They were able to grow at 37 °C and had the capacity to adhere to epithelial intestine-derived cells. These results suggest that the selected strains can be proper candidates as probiotic yeast strains for the development of novel functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rahmani
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - N Alimadadi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - B Attaran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Nasr
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.,Microorganisms Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Nahle S, El Khoury A, Savvaidis I, Chokr A, Louka N, Atoui A. Detoxification approaches of mycotoxins: by microorganisms, biofilms and enzymes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD CONTAMINATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s40550-022-00089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AbstractMycotoxins are generally found in food, feed, dairy products, and beverages, subsequently presenting serious human and animal health problems. Not surprisingly, mycotoxin contamination has been a worldwide concern for many research studies. In this regard, many biological, chemical, and physical approaches were investigated to reduce and/or remove contamination from food and feed products. Biological detoxification processes seem to be the most promising approaches for mycotoxins removal from food. The current review details the newest progress in biological detoxification (adsorption and metabolization) through microorganisms, their biofilms, and enzymatic degradation, finally describing the detoxification mechanism of many mycotoxins by some microorganisms. This review also reports the possible usage of microorganisms as mycotoxins’ binders in various food commodities, which may help produce mycotoxins-free food and feed.
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In Vitro Detoxification of Aflatoxin B 1, Deoxynivalenol, Fumonisins, T-2 Toxin and Zearalenone by Probiotic Bacteria from Genus Lactobacillus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeast. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:289-301. [PMID: 30721525 PMCID: PMC7072052 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9512-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the following research was to determine the detoxification properties of probiotic Lactobacillus sp. bacteria (12 strains) and S. cerevisiae yeast (6 strains) towards mycotoxins, such as aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, T-2 toxin and zearalenone, which pose as frequent feed contamination. The experiment involved analysing changes in concentration of mycotoxins in PBS solutions, after 6, 12 and 24 h of incubation with monocultures of tested microorganisms, measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We found that all strains detoxified the mycotoxins, with the highest reduction in concentration observed for the fumonisin B1 and B2 mixture, ranging between 62 and 77% for bacterial strains and 67–74% for yeast. By contrast, deoxynivalenol was the most resistant mycotoxin: its concentration was reduced by 19–39% by Lactobacillus sp. strains and 22–43% by yeast after 24 h of incubation. High detoxification rates for aflatoxin B1, T-2 toxin and zearalenone were also observed, with concentration reduced on average by 60%, 61% and 57% by Lactobacillus, respectively, and 65%, 69% and 52% by yeast, respectively. The greatest extent of reduction in the concentration for all mycotoxins was observed after 6 h of incubation; however, a decrease in concentration was noted even after 24 h of incubation. Thus, the tested microorganisms can potentially be used as additives to decrease the concentrations of toxins in animal feed.
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Peles F, Sipos P, Kovács S, Győri Z, Pócsi I, Pusztahelyi T. Biological Control and Mitigation of Aflatoxin Contamination in Commodities. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13020104. [PMID: 33535580 PMCID: PMC7912779 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins (AFs) are toxic secondary metabolites produced mostly by Aspergillus species. AF contamination entering the feed and food chain has been a crucial long-term issue for veterinarians, medicals, agroindustry experts, and researchers working in this field. Although different (physical, chemical, and biological) technologies have been developed, tested, and employed to mitigate the detrimental effects of mycotoxins, including AFs, universal methods are still not available to reduce AF levels in feed and food in the last decades. Possible biological control by bacteria, yeasts, and fungi, their excretes, the role of the ruminal degradation, pre-harvest biocontrol by competitive exclusion or biofungicides, and post-harvest technologies and practices based on biological agents currently used to alleviate the toxic effects of AFs are collected in this review. Pre-harvest biocontrol technologies can give us the greatest opportunity to reduce AF production on the spot. Together with post-harvest applications of bacteria or fungal cultures, these technologies can help us strictly reduce AF contamination without synthetic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Peles
- Institute of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi str. 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Péter Sipos
- Institute of Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi str. 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.S.); (Z.G.)
| | - Szilvia Kovács
- Central Laboratory of Agricultural and Food Products, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi str. 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Zoltán Győri
- Institute of Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi str. 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.S.); (Z.G.)
| | - István Pócsi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Square 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Tünde Pusztahelyi
- Central Laboratory of Agricultural and Food Products, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi str. 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-20-210-9491
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Campagnollo FB, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Borges LL, Bonato MA, Fakhri Y, Barbalho CB, Barbalho RLC, Corassin CH, Oliveira CAF. In vitro and in vivo capacity of yeast-based products to bind to aflatoxins B 1 and M 1 in media and foodstuffs: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109505. [PMID: 33233146 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aflatoxins are hepatotoxic and carcinogenic metabolites produced by Aspergillus species during growth on crop products. In this regard, a systematic review to collect the quantitative data regarding the in vitro capacity of yeasts-based products to bind to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and/or aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) was performed. After screening, 31 articles which met the inclusion criteria was included and then the pooled decontamination of aflatoxins in the defined subgroups (the type of foods, pH, contact time, temperature, yeast species, and aflatoxin type) was calculated by the random effect model (REM). The overall binding capacity (BC) of aflatoxins by yeast was 52.05% (95%CI: 49.01-55.10), while the lowest and highest aflatoxins' BC were associated with Yeast Extract Peptone (2.79%) and ruminal fluid + artificial saliva (96.21%), respectively. Regarding the contact time, temperature, pH and type of aflatoxins subgroups, the binding percentages varied from 50.83% (>300 min) to 52.66% (1-300 min), 50.71% (0-40 °C) to 88.39% (>40 °C), 43.03% (pH: 3.1-6) to 44.56% (pH: 1-3) and 59.35% (pH > 6), and 48.47% (AFB1) to 69.03% AFM1, respectively. The lowest and highest aflatoxins' BC was related to C. fabianii (18.45%) and Z. rouxii (86.40%), respectively. The results of this study showed that variables such as temperature, yeast, pH and aflatoxin type can be considered as the effective factors in aflatoxin decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda B Campagnollo
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Liliana L Borges
- ICC Industrial Comércio Exportação e Importação LTDA São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Melina A Bonato
- ICC Industrial Comércio Exportação e Importação LTDA São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Yadolah Fakhri
- Environmental Health Engineering, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Caio B Barbalho
- ICC Industrial Comércio Exportação e Importação LTDA São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos H Corassin
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, CEP 13635-900 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A F Oliveira
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, CEP 13635-900 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
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Bevilacqua A, Campaniello D, Speranza B, Racioppo A, Altieri C, Sinigaglia M, Corbo MR. Microencapsulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae into Alginate Beads: A Focus on Functional Properties of Released Cells. Foods 2020; 9:E1051. [PMID: 32759736 PMCID: PMC7466292 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Five yeast strains (four wild Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains and a collection strain-S. cerevisiae var. boulardii) were encapsulated in alginate beads. Encapsulation yield was at least 60% (100% for some strains) and yeasts survived in beads for 30 days at 4 °C, although the viability was strongly affected during storage at 25 °C (3 log reduction after 7 days). The kinetic of cell release was studied under static and dynamic conditions, but the results suggest that, after 48 h, beads contained a high number of yeasts. Thus, their use is advisable as re-usable carriers of starter cultures or as a vehicle of probiotics into the gut. Finally, some functional properties (biofilm formation, hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, survival during the transit into the gut) were evaluated on yeasts released by beads to assess if microencapsulation could negatively affect these traits. The results showed that yeasts' entrapment in beads did not affect probiotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Rosaria Corbo
- Department of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.B.); (D.C.); (B.S.); (A.R.); (C.A.); (M.S.)
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Pinheiro R, Rodrigues A, Lima C, Santos J, Pereyra C, Torres A, Cavaglieri L, Lopes J, Muratori M. Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a probiotic agent and a possible aflatoxin B1 adsorbent in simulated fish intestinal tract conditions. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-11280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the probiotic potential and absorption of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the aflatoxin B1 in simulated fish intestinal tract conditions. Three yeast strains were used, two from brewery: S. cerevisiae RC1 and S. cerevisiae RC3 and one from a fish farming environment: S. cerevisiae A8L2. The selected yeasts were subjected to the following in vitro tests: homologous inhibition, self-aggregation, co-aggregation, antibacterial activity, gastrointestinal conditions tolerance and adsorption of AFB1. All S. cerevisiae strains showed good capability of self-aggregation and co-aggregation with pathogenic bacteria. All yeast strains were able to survive the gastrointestinal conditions. In acidic conditions, the factors (strain vs. time) had interaction (P=0.0317), resulting in significant variation among the strains tested in the time periods analyzed. It was observed that there was also interaction (P=0.0062) in intestinal conditions, with an increased number of cells in the 12-hour period for all strains tested. In the adsorption test, the A8L2 strain was statistically more effective (P<0.005) for both AFB1 concentrations evaluated in this study (10 and 25ng/mL). Thus, it was observed that the strains of S. cerevisiae have potential probiotic and adsorbent of AFB1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - C.E. Lima
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Brazil
| | | | | | - A.M. Torres
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Argentina
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Li M, Lin H, Jing Y, Wang J. Broad-host-range Salmonella bacteriophage STP4-a and its potential application evaluation in poultry industry. Poult Sci 2020; 99:3643-3654. [PMID: 32616261 PMCID: PMC7597861 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is regarded as the predominant cause of foodborne illnesses worldwide, and the increase of these antimicrobial-resistant strains makes it more difficult to prevent. On this occasion, bacteriophages (phages) stand out as an alternative biocontrol agent with high efficiency and low mutation rates. Salmonella phages have confronted challenges to counteract with more than 2,500 serovars of Salmonella spp. and overcome the universality of antibiotics to different species, and thus, broad-host-range phages infecting Salmonella spp. are urgently required to realize precise poultry treatment or clinical therapy. First, phage STP4-a was screened to have a broad host range through bioinformatics analysis, and then the host range assay proved that phage STP4-a could inhibit 88 out of 91 Salmonella strains. Then, in silico analysis excluded the possibility of phage STP4-a possessing any known lysogeny factors, toxins, pathogen-related genes, or foodborne allergens, and oral toxicity studies further ensured the safety of unknown factors or suspected risks. In addition, strong inhibition effects of phage STP4-a were seen on both single Salmonella strain and multiple Salmonella strains in vitro, reducing 3-5 log in 30 min. Phage STP4-a could survive and keep more than 50% activity in simulated stomach or intestine environments in vitro. In terms of antimicrobial activities in chickens, pretreatment with phage STP4-a was the most efficient approach to Salmonella biocontrol, non-detectable in feces during the 14-day experimental period. Therefore, phage STP4-a was an extremely broad-host-range and safe biocontrol agent, performing its potential as a food additive or therapeutic drug in poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhe Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Hong Lin
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Jing
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Jingxue Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China.
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Woo S, Kim S, Ye S, Kim SR, Seol J, Dooyum UD, Kim J, Hong DH, Kim JN, Ha Y. Effect of temperature on single- and mixed-strain fermentation of ruminant feeds. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 62:227-238. [PMID: 32292930 PMCID: PMC7142282 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2020.62.2.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Use of raw feedstuffs for livestock is limited by low digestibility. Recently,
fermentation of feedstuffs has been highlighted as a new way to improve nutrient
absorption through the production of organic acids using inoculated
microorganisms, which can also play a probiotic role. However, standard
procedures for feedstuff fermentation have not been clearly defined because the
process is influenced by climatic variation, and an analytical standard for
fermented feedstuffs is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the
microbiological and biochemical changes of feedstuffs during fermentation at
temperatures corresponding to different seasons (10°C, 20°C,
30°C, and 40°C). We also investigated the effects of yeast, lactic
acid bacteria (LAB), and Bacillus spp. on fermentation and
determined the results of their interactions during fermentation. The viable
cells were observed within 8 days in single-strain fermentation. However, when
feedstuffs were inoculated with a culture of mixed strains, LAB were predominant
at low temperatures (10°C and 20°C), while
Bacillus spp. was predominant at high temperatures
(30°C and 40°C). A significant drop in pH from 6.5 to 4.3 was
observed when LAB was the dominant strain in the culture, which correlated with
the concentrations of lactic acid. Slight ethanol production was detected above
20°C regardless of the incubation temperature, suggesting active
metabolism of yeast, despite this organism making up a marginal portion of the
microbes in the mixed culture. These results suggested that fermentation
temperature significantly affects microbiological profiles and biochemical
parameters, such as pH and the lactic acid concentration, of fermented
feedstuffs. Our data provide valuable information for the determination of
industrial standards for fermented feedstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmin Woo
- Department of Bio Industrial Machinery Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Sooah Kim
- Department of Environment Science & Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Korea
| | - Suji Ye
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Soo Rin Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Jeongman Seol
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Uyeh Daniel Dooyum
- Department of Bio Industrial Machinery Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Junhee Kim
- Department of Bio Industrial Machinery Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Dong Hyuck Hong
- Department of Bio Industrial Machinery Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Jong Nam Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dongseo University, Busan 47011, Korea
| | - Yushin Ha
- Department of Bio Industrial Machinery Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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Peles F, Sipos P, Győri Z, Pfliegler WP, Giacometti F, Serraino A, Pagliuca G, Gazzotti T, Pócsi I. Adverse Effects, Transformation and Channeling of Aflatoxins Into Food Raw Materials in Livestock. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2861. [PMID: 31921041 PMCID: PMC6917664 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins are wide-spread harmful carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus species, which cause serious feed and food contaminations and affect farm animals deleteriously with acute or chronic manifestations of mycotoxicoses. On farm, both pre-harvest and post-harvest strategies are applied to minimize the risk of aflatoxin contaminations in feeds. The great economic losses attributable to mycotoxin contaminations have initiated a plethora of research projects to develop new, effective technologies to prevent the highly toxic effects of these secondary metabolites on domestic animals and also to block the carry-over of these mycotoxins to humans through the food chain. Among other areas, this review summarizes the latest findings on the effects of silage production technologies and silage microbiota on aflatoxins, and it also discusses the current applications of probiotic organisms and microbial products in feeding technologies. After ingesting contaminated foodstuffs, aflatoxins are metabolized and biotransformed differently in various animals depending on their inherent and acquired physiological properties. These mycotoxins may cause primary aflatoxicoses with versatile, species-specific adverse effects, which are also dependent on the susceptibility of individual animals within a species, and will be a function of the dose and duration of aflatoxin exposures. The transfer of these undesired compounds from contaminated feed into food of animal origin and the aflatoxin residues present in foods become an additional risk to human health, leading to secondary aflatoxicoses. Considering the biological transformation of aflatoxins in livestock, this review summarizes (i) the metabolism of aflatoxins in different animal species, (ii) the deleterious effects of the mycotoxins and their derivatives on the animals, and (iii) the major risks to animal health in terms of the symptoms and consequences of acute or chronic aflatoxicoses, animal welfare and productivity. Furthermore, we traced the transformation and channeling of Aspergillus-derived mycotoxins into food raw materials, particularly in the case of aflatoxin contaminated milk, which represents the major route of human exposure among animal-derived foods. The early and reliable detection of aflatoxins in feed, forage and primary commodities is an increasingly important issue and, therefore, the newly developed, easy-to-use qualitative and quantitative aflatoxin analytical methods are also summarized in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Peles
- Institute of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Sipos
- Institute of Nutrition, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Győri
- Institute of Nutrition, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Walter P. Pfliegler
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Federica Giacometti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Serraino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giampiero Pagliuca
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Teresa Gazzotti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - István Pócsi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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14
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Freimoser FM, Rueda-Mejia MP, Tilocca B, Migheli Q. Biocontrol yeasts: mechanisms and applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:154. [PMID: 31576429 PMCID: PMC6773674 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2728-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Yeasts occur in all environments and have been described as potent antagonists of various plant pathogens. Due to their antagonistic ability, undemanding cultivation requirements, and limited biosafety concerns, many of these unicellular fungi have been considered for biocontrol applications. Here, we review the fundamental research on the mechanisms (e.g., competition, enzyme secretion, toxin production, volatiles, mycoparasitism, induction of resistance) by which biocontrol yeasts exert their activity as plant protection agents. In a second part, we focus on five yeast species (Candida oleophila, Aureobasidium pullulans, Metschnikowia fructicola, Cryptococcus albidus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae) that are or have been registered for the application as biocontrol products. These examples demonstrate the potential of yeasts for commercial biocontrol usage, but this review also highlights the scarcity of fundamental studies on yeast biocontrol mechanisms and of registered yeast-based biocontrol products. Yeast biocontrol mechanisms thus represent a largely unexplored field of research and plentiful opportunities for the development of commercial, yeast-based applications for plant protection exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian M Freimoser
- Agroscope, Research Division Plant Protection, Müller-Thurgau-Strasse 29, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland.
| | - Maria Paula Rueda-Mejia
- Agroscope, Research Division Plant Protection, Müller-Thurgau-Strasse 29, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Tilocca
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Quirico Migheli
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100, Sassari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi and NRD - Nucleo di Ricerca sulla Desertificazione, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100, Sassari, Italy
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15
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Fernandez-Pacheco Rodríguez P, Arévalo-Villena M, Zaparoli Rosa I, Briones Pérez A. Selection of potential non-Sacharomyces probiotic yeasts from food origin by a step-by-step approach. Food Res Int 2018; 112:143-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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16
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Fomenky BE, Chiquette J, Lessard M, Bissonnette N, Talbot G, Chouinard YP, Ibeagha-Awemu EM. Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii CNCM I-1079 and Lactobacillus acidophilus BT1386 influence innate immune response and serum levels of acute-phase proteins during weaning in Holstein calves. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2017-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii CNCM I-1079 (SCB) or Lactobacillus acidophilus BT1386 (LA) on (1) innate immune response, (2) markers of acute-phase reaction, and (3) immune gene expression of rumen and ileum tissues of Holstein calves. Forty eight calves (∼5 d old) were randomly allocated to four treatments as follows: (1) control (CTRL) fed milk replacer followed by starter feed, (2) CTRL supplemented with SCB in milk and feed, (3) CTRL supplemented with LA in milk and feed, and (4) CTRL supplemented with antibiotics (ATB; chlortetracycline and neomycin in milk, and chlortetracycline in feed). Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) decreased (P < 0.05) on day 66 (post-weaning) for the ATB-treated calves. There were no treatment effects on production of interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) proteins and on expression of TLR4, TLR6, TLR9, TLR10, CLDN3, MUC1, and MUC20 genes. Calves fed SCB or LA had a greater (P < 0.05) oxidative burst at weaning (day 53) compared with CTRL. Oxidative burst was also greater (P < 0.05) after weaning (day 59 and day 87) for SCB-fed calves. Calves fed SCB and ATB had higher (P < 0.05) phagocytosis activity during weaning (day 47) compared with CTRL. The concentration of serum amyloid A2 (SAA2) increased (P < 0.05) in SCB- and LA-fed calves (day 53), whereas the concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) increased (P < 0.05) in SCB-fed calves during weaning as compared with CTRL. Our results suggest that SCB could improve innate immune response (oxidative burst and phagocytosis) and markers of acute-phase reaction (CRP and SAA2), especially during critical periods like weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget E. Fomenky
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Johanne Chiquette
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Martin Lessard
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bissonnette
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Guylaine Talbot
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Yvan P. Chouinard
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Eveline M. Ibeagha-Awemu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
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17
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Pimentel E, Cruces MP. Antimutagenic action of the live yeast can be transmitted to the offspring of Drosophila melanogaster. A genetic study using the wing spot assay. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 57:28-33. [PMID: 29172069 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates whether the protective effect of live yeast (LY) against direct and indirect mutagenic agents, persists in the offspring from individuals fed with LY. The wing-spot test in Drosophila was used; four different mates were performed: a) neither females nor males were fed with LY-enriched food (NLYxNLY); b) only females were fed (LYxNLY); c) males were fed (NLYxLY) or d) both progenitors were fed (LYxLY). Results confirm that LY strongly stimulates fecundity in females but not in males and provides strength to the egg for survive. A greater reduction in mutation rate was observed when females were feed, in the following relationship: LYxNLY>LYxLY>NLYxLY. No protection was found against action in any of the promutagens tested. Results suggest that LY has a very powerful antimutagenic action, predominantly against the action of ionizing radiation and Chromium trioxide that can be transmitted mainly through the female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Pimentel
- Departamento de Biología, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (ININ), Carretera México-Toluca, S/N, La Marquesa, Ocoyoacac CP. 52750, Mexico.
| | - Martha P Cruces
- Departamento de Biología, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (ININ), Carretera México-Toluca, S/N, La Marquesa, Ocoyoacac CP. 52750, Mexico
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18
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Kim S, Lee H, Lee S, Lee J, Ha J, Choi Y, Yoon Y, Choi KH. Invited review: Microbe-mediated aflatoxin decontamination of dairy products and feeds. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:871-880. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Petruzzi L, Corbo MR, Sinigaglia M, Bevilacqua A. Ochratoxin A Removal by Yeasts after Exposure to Simulated Human Gastrointestinal Conditions. J Food Sci 2016; 81:M2756-M2760. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Petruzzi
- Dept. of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment; Univ. of Foggia; Via Napoli 25 71122 Foggia Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Corbo
- Dept. of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment; Univ. of Foggia; Via Napoli 25 71122 Foggia Italy
| | - Milena Sinigaglia
- Dept. of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment; Univ. of Foggia; Via Napoli 25 71122 Foggia Italy
| | - Antonio Bevilacqua
- Dept. of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment; Univ. of Foggia; Via Napoli 25 71122 Foggia Italy
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20
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Bovo F, Franco L, Kobashigawa E, Rottinghaus G, Ledoux D, Oliveira C. Efficacy of beer fermentation residue containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells for ameliorating aflatoxicosis in broilers. Poult Sci 2015; 94:934-42. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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21
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Pfliegler WP, Pusztahelyi T, Pócsi I. Mycotoxins - prevention and decontamination by yeasts. J Basic Microbiol 2015; 55:805-18. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201400833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter P. Pfliegler
- Department of Genetics and Applied Microbiology; Faculty of Science and Technology; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology; Faculty of Science and Technology; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
- Postdoctoral Fellowship Programme of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA); Hungary
| | - Tünde Pusztahelyi
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management; Central Laboratory; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - István Pócsi
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology; Faculty of Science and Technology; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
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22
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Gamba RR, Colo CN, Correa M, Astoreca A, Alconada T, Antoni GD, Peláez AL. Antifungal Activity against <i>Aspergillus parasiticus</i> of Supernatants from Whey Permeates Fermented with Kefir Grains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/aim.2015.56049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Pfohl-Leszkowicz A, Hadjeba-Medjdoub K, Ballet N, Schrickx J, Fink-Gremmels J. Assessment and characterisation of yeast-based products intended to mitigate ochratoxin exposure using in vitro and in vivo models. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 32:604-16. [PMID: 25296248 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.970590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to evaluate the capacity of several yeast-based products, derived from baker's and brewer's yeasts, to sequester the mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) and to decrease its rate of absorption and DNA adduct formation in vivo. The experimental protocol included in vitro binding studies using isotherm models, in vivo chicken experiments, in which the serum and tissue concentrations of OTA were analysed in the absence and presence of the test compounds, and the profile of OTA-derived metabolites and their associated DNA adducts were determined. Additionally in vitro cell culture studies (HK2 cells) were applied to assess further the effects for yeast cell product enriched with glutathione (GSH) or selenium. Results of the in vitro binding assay in a buffer system indicated the ability of the yeast-based products, as sequester of OTA, albeit at a different level. In the in vitro experiments in chickens, decreased serum and tissue concentrations of treated animals confirmed that yeast-based products are able to prevent the absorption of OTA. A comparison of the binding affinity in a standard in vitro binding assay with the results obtained in an in vivo chicken experiment, however, showed a poor correlation and resulted in a different ranking of the products. More importantly, we could show that yeast-based products actively modulate the biotransformation of OTA in vivo as well as in vitro in a cell culture model. This effect seems to be attributable to residual enzymatic activities in the yeast-based products. An enrichment of yeast cell wall products with GSH or selenium further modulated the profile of the generated OTA metabolites and the associated pattern of OTA-induced DNA adducts by increasing the conversion of OTA into less toxic metabolites such as OTA, OTB and 4-OH-OTA. A reduced absorption and DNA adduct formation was particularly observed with GSH-enriched yeast, whereas selenium-enriched yeasts could counteract the OTA-induced decrease in cell viability, but at the same time increased the OTA-DNA adducts formation. These findings indicate the need for an in-depth characterisation of yeast-based products used as mycotoxin-mitigating feed additives, in in vivo models with target animal species taking into account not only their ability to sequester toxins in the gastrointestinal tract but also their potential effects on the biotransformation of mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pfohl-Leszkowicz
- a Department Bioprocess & Microbial System , University of Toulouse, INPT, ENSAT, Laboratory Chemical Engineering, UMR-CNRS 5503 , Auzeville-Tolosane , France
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Development of an in vitro method for the prediction of mycotoxin binding on yeast-based products: case of aflatoxin B₁, zearalenone and ochratoxin A. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:7583-96. [PMID: 25016345 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5917-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
To date, no official method is available to accurately define the binding capacity of binders. The goal is to define general in vitro parameters (equilibrium time, pH, mycotoxin/binder ratio) for the determination of binding efficacy, which can be used to calculate the relevant equilibrium adsorption constants. For this purpose, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEA) or ochratoxin A (OTA) were incubated with one yeast cell wall in pH 3, pH 5 or pH 7 buffers. The percentage of adsorption was recorded by quantitation of remaining mycotoxins in the supernatant and amount of mycotoxin adsorbed on the residue. The incubation of yeast cell wall in the presence of mycotoxins solved in buffer, lead to unexpected high adsorption percentage when the analysis was based only on remaining mycotoxins in the supernatant. The decrease of mycotoxins in the supernatant was not correlated to the amount of mycotoxins found in the residue. For this reason we modified the conditions of incubation. Yeast cell wall (5 mg) was pre-incubated in buffer (990 μl) at 37 °C during 5 min and then 10 μl of an alcoholic solution of mycotoxin (concentration 100 times higher than the final concentration required in the test tube) were added. After incubation, the solution was centrifuged, and the amount of mycotoxins were analysed both in the supernatant and in the residue. A plateau of binding was reached after 15 min of incubation whatever the mycotoxins and the concentrations tested. The adsorption of ZEA was better at pH 5 (75 %), versus 60 % at pH 3 and 7. OTA was only significantly adsorbed at pH 3 (50 %). Depending on the pH, the adsorptions of OTA or ZEA were increased or decreased when they were together, indicative of a cooperative effect.
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Pizzolitto R, Armando M, Salvano M, Dalcero A, Rosa C. Evaluation ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae as an antiaflatoxicogenic agent in broiler feedstuffs. Poult Sci 2013; 92:1655-63. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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