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Liu Y, Jackson E, Liu X, Huang X, van der Hoorn RAL, Zhang Y, Li X. Proteolysis in plant immunity. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:3099-3115. [PMID: 38723588 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Compared with transcription and translation, protein degradation machineries can act faster and be targeted to different subcellular compartments, enabling immediate regulation of signaling events. It is therefore not surprising that proteolysis has been used extensively to control homeostasis of key regulators in different biological processes and pathways. Over the past decades, numerous studies have shown that proteolysis, where proteins are broken down to peptides or amino acids through ubiquitin-mediated degradation systems and proteases, is a key regulatory mechanism to control plant immunity output. Here, we briefly summarize the roles various proteases play during defence activation, focusing on recent findings. We also update the latest progress of ubiquitin-mediated degradation systems in modulating immunity by targeting plant membrane-localized pattern recognition receptors, intracellular nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat receptors, and downstream signaling components. Additionally, we highlight recent studies showcasing the importance of proteolysis in maintaining broad-spectrum resistance without obvious yield reduction, opening new directions for engineering elite crops that are resistant to a wide range of pathogens with high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Edan Jackson
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xueru Liu
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xingchuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Regional Characteristic Agricultural Resources, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, Sichuan 641100, China
| | | | - Yuelin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xin Li
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Grahovac J, Pajčin I, Vlajkov V. Bacillus VOCs in the Context of Biological Control. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030581. [PMID: 36978448 PMCID: PMC10044676 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A contemporary agricultural production system relying on heavy usage of agrochemicals represents a questionable outlook for sustainable food supply in the future. The visible negative environmental impacts and unforeseen consequences to human and animal health have been requiring a shift towards the novel eco-friendly alternatives for chemical pesticides for a while now. Microbial-based biocontrol agents have shown a promising potential for plant disease management. The bacteria of the genus Bacillus have been among the most exploited microbial active components due to several highly efficient mechanisms of action against plant pathogens, as well as a palette of additional plant-beneficial mechanisms, together with their suitable properties for microbial biopesticide formulations. Among other bioactive metabolites, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been investigated for their biocontrol applications, exhibiting the main advantage of long-distance effect without the necessity for direct contact with plants or pathogens. The aim of this study is to give an overview of the state-of-the-art in the field of Bacillus-based VOCs, especially in terms of their antibacterial, antifungal, and nematicidal action as the main segments determining their potential for biocontrol applications in sustainable agriculture.
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Awan ZA, Shoaib A, Schenk PM, Ahmad A, Alansi S, Paray BA. Antifungal potential of volatiles produced by Bacillus subtilis BS-01 against Alternaria solani in Solanum lycopersicum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1089562. [PMID: 36777534 PMCID: PMC9909239 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1089562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biocontrol agent/s (BCAs) against plant diseases are eco-friendly and sustainable options for profitable agricultural crop production. Specific beneficial strains of Bacillus subtilis are effective in controlling many fungal diseases including Alternaria blight caused by a notorious pathogen "Alternaria solani". In the present study, the biocontrol attributes of a newfangled strain of B. subtilis (BS-01) have been investigated and its bioactive compounds were also identified against A. solani. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by BS-01 in organic solvents viz., n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate were extracted and their antifungal efficacy has evaluated against A. solani. Also, the preventive and curative biocontrol method to reduce the fungal load of A. solani was estimated by both foliar and seed applications on infected tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants as determined by quantitative PCR assays. Growth chamber bioassay revealed that both foliar and seed application of BS-01 on tomato plants previously or subsequently infected by A. solani significantly reduced the pathogen load on inoculated tomato foliage. Results showed that antifungal bioassays with various concentrations (10-100 mg mL-1) of extracted metabolites produced by BS-01 in ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest inhibition in fungal biomass (extracellular metabolites: 69-98% and intracellular metabolites: 48-85%) followed by n-hexane (extracellular metabolites: 63-88% and intracellular metabolites: 35-62%) and dichloromethane (extracellular metabolites: 41-74% and intracellular metabolites: 42-70%), respectively. The extracted volatile compounds of BS-01 were identified via GC-MS analysis and were found in great proportions in the organic fractions as major potent antifungal constituents including triphenylphosphine oxide; pyrrolo[1,2-a] pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl); pyrrolo[1,2-a] pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-3-(phenylmethyl); n-hexadecanoic acid; n-tridecan-1-ol; octadecane; octadecanoic acid; eicosane and dodecyl acrylate. Separate or mixture of these bioactive VOCs had the potential to mitigate the tomato early blight disease severity in the field that would act as a sustainable plant protection strategy to generate profitable tomato production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoia Arshad Awan
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amna Shoaib
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Peer M. Schenk
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alansi
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bilal Ahamad Paray
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Wang H, Liu R, You MP, Barbetti MJ, Chen Y. Pathogen Biocontrol Using Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPR): Role of Bacterial Diversity. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091988. [PMID: 34576883 PMCID: PMC8470069 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A vast microbial community inhabits in the rhizosphere, among which, specialized bacteria known as Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) confer benefits to host plants including growth promotion and disease suppression. PGPR taxa vary in the ways whereby they curtail the negative effects of invading plant pathogens. However, a cumulative or synergistic effect does not always ensue when a bacterial consortium is used. In this review, we reassess the disease-suppressive mechanisms of PGPR and present explanations and illustrations for functional diversity and/or stability among PGPR taxa regarding these mechanisms. We also provide evidence of benefits when PGPR mixtures, rather than individuals, are used for protecting crops from various diseases, and underscore the critical determinant factors for successful use of PGPR mixtures. Then, we evaluate the challenges of and limitations to achieving the desired outcomes from strain/species-rich bacterial assemblages, particularly in relation to their role for plant disease management. In addition, towards locating additive or synergistic outcomes, we highlight why and how the benefits conferred need to be categorized and quantified when different strains/species of PGPR are used in combinations. Finally, we highlight the critical approaches needed for developing PGPR mixtures with improved efficacy and stability as biocontrols for utilization in agricultural fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xianyang 712100, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Runjin Liu
- Institute of Mycorrhizal Biotechnology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;
| | - Ming Pei You
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, LB 5005, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (M.P.Y.); (M.J.B.)
| | - Martin J. Barbetti
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, LB 5005, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (M.P.Y.); (M.J.B.)
| | - Yinglong Chen
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, LB 5005, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (M.P.Y.); (M.J.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Zhou J, Feng Z, Liu S, Wei F, Shi Y, Zhao L, Huang W, Zhou Y, Feng H, Zhu H. CGTase, a novel antimicrobial protein from Bacillus cereus YUPP-10, suppresses Verticillium dahliae and mediates plant defence responses. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:130-144. [PMID: 33230892 PMCID: PMC7749748 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt is a plant vascular disease caused by the soilborne fungus Verticillium dahliae that severely limits cotton production. In a previous study, we screened Bacillus cereus YUPP-10, an efficient antagonistic bacterium, to uncover mechanisms for controlling verticillium wilt. Here, we report a novel antimicrobial cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) from YUPP-10. Compared to other CGTases, six different conserved domains were identified, and six mutants were constructed by gene splicing with overlap extension PCR. Functional analysis showed that domain D was important for hydrolysis activity and domains A1 and C were important for inducing disease resistance. Direct effects of recombinant CGTase on V. dahliae included reduced mycelial growth, spore germination, spore production, and microsclerotia germination. In addition, CGTase also elicited cotton's innate defence reactions. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines that overexpress CGTase showed higher resistance to verticillium wilt. Transgenic CGTase A. thaliana plants grew faster and resisted disease better. CGTase overexpression enabled a burst of reactive oxygen species production and activated pathogenesis-related gene expression, indicating that the transgenic cotton was better prepared to protect itself from infection. Our work revealed that CGTase could inhibit the growth of V. dahliae, activate innate immunity, and play a major role in the biocontrol of fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangChina
- Zhengzhou Research BaseState Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- College of AgricultureYangtze UniversityJingzhouChina
| | - Zili Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangChina
| | - Shichao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangChina
| | - Feng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangChina
- Zhengzhou Research BaseState Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yongqiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangChina
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangChina
| | - Wanting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangChina
- Zhengzhou Research BaseState Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yi Zhou
- College of AgricultureYangtze UniversityJingzhouChina
| | - Hongjie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangChina
- Zhengzhou Research BaseState Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Heqin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangChina
- Zhengzhou Research BaseState Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
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