1
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Opperman M, Mason S, van der Westhuizen J, Loots DT, du Preez I. Urinary drug metabolite profiling of tuberculosis treatment failure using proton nuclear magnetic resonance. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 248:116297. [PMID: 38906071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The underlying cause of tuberculosis (TB) treatment failure is still largely unknown. A 1H NMR approach was applied to identify and quantify a subset of TB drugs and drug metabolites: ethambutol (EMB), acetyl isoniazid (AcINH), isonicotinic acid, pyrazinamide (PZA), pyrazinoic acid and 5-hydroxy-pyrazinoic acid, from the urine of TB patients. Samples were collected before, during (weeks one, two and four) and after standardised TB treatment. The median concentrations of the EMB and PZA metabolites were comparable between the samples from patients with eventually cured and failed treatment outcomes. The INH metabolites showed comparatively elevated concentrations in the treatment failure patients during and after treatment. Variation in INH metabolite concentrations couldn't be associated with the varying acetylator genotypes, and it is therefore suggested that treatment failure is influenced more so by other conditions, such as environmental factors, or individual variation in other INH metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Opperman
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag x6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
| | - Shayne Mason
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag x6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
| | - Jessica van der Westhuizen
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag x6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
| | - Du Toit Loots
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag x6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
| | - Ilse du Preez
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag x6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa.
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2
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Rukyanaik V, Gamidi RK, Kumari J, Sriram D, Basavoju S. A Green one-pot three component synthesis of thiazolidine-2,4-dione based bisspirooxindolo-pyrrolidines with [Bmim]BF 4: their in vitro and in silico anti-TB studies. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10853-5. [PMID: 38789853 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10853-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
A simple and effective three-component one-pot green methodology was employed for the synthesis of a new thiazolidine-2,4-dione based bisspirooxindolo-pyrrolidine derivatives using [Bmim]BF4 ionic liquid via [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. It is an environmentally benign, column chromatography-free, shorter reaction time, good yield and easy product isolation method. The synthesized compounds 10a-x, were thoroughly characterized by using various spectroscopic methods like FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Mass spectrometry and finally by single crystal X-ray diffraction method. In vitro anti-tubercular (anti-TB) activity studies were carried out on these synthesized compounds, and they showed good to moderate anti-TB activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain. The compound 10a exhibited good anti-TB activity, with an MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) value of 12.5 µg/mL, and the compounds 10m, 10o and 10r showed moderate activity with an MIC value of 25.0 µg/mL. Remaining compounds exhibited poor activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ethambutol, rifampicin and isoniazid were used as standard drugs. Furthermore, in silico molecular docking experiments on the TB protein (PDB ID: 1DF7) were carried out to understand the binding interactions, and they showed least binding energy values ranging from -8.9 to -7.2 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rukyanaik
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Hanamkonda, Telangana, 506 004, India
| | - Rama Krishna Gamidi
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411 008, India
| | - Jyothi Kumari
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 078, India
| | - Dharmarajan Sriram
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 078, India
| | - Srinivas Basavoju
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Hanamkonda, Telangana, 506 004, India.
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3
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Design and synthesis of novel quinazolinyl-bisspirooxindoles as potent anti-tubercular agents: an ultrasound-promoted methodology. Mol Divers 2022:10.1007/s11030-022-10500-x. [PMID: 35933454 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10500-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The essential need for the potent anti-tubercular (anti-TB) agents with high selectivity and safety profile prompted us to synthesize a new series of quinazolinyl-bisspirooxindoles. The title compounds were synthesized by one-pot multicomponent [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction under ultrasonication. Further, in vitro anti-TB activity was evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Among the screened compounds, two compounds (4q and 4x) showed potent activity with MIC value 1.56 µg/mL and four compounds exhibited significant activity (MIC = 3.125 µg/mL), and also cytotoxicity studies against RAW 264.7 cell lines reveal that most active compounds were less toxic to humans. In addition, in order to demonstrate the inhibitory properties, molecular docking studies were carried out and the results showed that the target compounds have good binding energy and better binding affinity within the active pocket, thus these compounds may consider to be as potent inhibitors toward selective targets.
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4
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Jiang Z, Huang L, Zhang L, Yu Q, Lin Y, Fei H, Shen H, Huang H. A Simple and Sensitive UPLC–UV Method for Simultaneous Determination of Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, and Rifampicin in Human Plasma and Its Application in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:873311. [PMID: 35573738 PMCID: PMC9099412 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.873311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the first-line clinical drugs for tuberculosis (TB), isoniazid (INH), pyrazinamide (PZA), and rifampicin (RMP) are playing important roles for preventing the rapid spread of TB. Precise quantification of these drugs in biological samples is crucial to evaluate or improve the efficacy of advanced TB drug delivery systems, which are designed for reducing drug resistance, minimizing side effects, etc. Herein, a simple and sensitive method based on UPLC–UV was established and investigated for simultaneous quantification of PZA, INH, and RMP in human plasma and was applied to anti-TB drug therapeutic drug monitoring. The analytes were implemented on an HSS T3 C18 column at 40°C. The separation was performed with a gradient elution with methanol–acetonitrile–water (3:3:94) at 0.1 ml/min. The analysis only involved plasma with a small volume of 100 µL and a rapid one-step protein precipitation with methanol–acetonitrile (1:1). The results showed that the calibration curves for INH, PZA, and RMP were linear in a range of 0.5–20 μg/ml, 5–60 μg/ml, and 5–60 μg/ml, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precisions were both smaller than 15%, and the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was identifiable and reproducible at 0.5 μg/ml for INH and 5 μg/ml for both PZA and RMP, respectively. The target drugs in plasma were stable after 21 days of storage at −80°C. The results indicated that our developed method is suitable for the simultaneous monitoring of INH, PZA, and RMP in human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimei Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lingli Zhang, ; Qin Yu,
| | - Qin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Drug Clinical Trial/GCP Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lingli Zhang, ; Qin Yu,
| | - Yunzhu Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haotian Fei
- Department of Pharmacy, Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongxin Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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5
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Mehta K, Spaink HP, Ottenhoff THM, van der Graaf PH, van Hasselt JGC. Host-directed therapies for tuberculosis: quantitative systems pharmacology approaches. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 43:293-304. [PMID: 34916092 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Host-directed therapies (HDTs) that modulate host-pathogen interactions offer an innovative strategy to combat Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections. When combined with tuberculosis (TB) antibiotics, HDTs could contribute to improving treatment outcomes, reducing treatment duration, and preventing resistance development. Translation of the interplay of host-pathogen interactions leveraged by HDTs towards therapeutic outcomes in patients is challenging. Quantitative understanding of the multifaceted nature of the host-pathogen interactions is vital to rationally design HDT strategies. Here, we (i) provide an overview of key Mtb host-pathogen interactions as basis for HDT strategies; and (ii) discuss the components and utility of quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) models to inform HDT strategies. QSP models can be used to identify and optimize treatment targets, to facilitate preclinical to human translation, and to design combination treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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6
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Liebenberg C, Luies L, Williams AA. Metabolomics as a Tool to Investigate HIV/TB Co-Infection. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:692823. [PMID: 34746228 PMCID: PMC8565463 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.692823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) and tuberculosis (TB) pandemics are perpetuated by a significant global burden of HIV/TB co-infection. The synergy between HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) during co-infection of a host is well established. While this synergy is known to be driven by immunological deterioration, the metabolic mechanisms thereof remain poorly understood. Metabolomics has been applied to study various aspects of HIV and Mtb infection separately, yielding insights into infection- and treatment-induced metabolic adaptations experienced by the host. Despite the contributions that metabolomics has made to the field, this approach has not yet been systematically applied to characterize the HIV/TB co-infected state. Considering that limited HIV/TB co-infection metabolomics studies have been published to date, this review briefly summarizes what is known regarding the HIV/TB co-infection synergism from a conventional and metabolomics perspective. It then explores metabolomics as a tool for the improved characterization of HIV/TB co-infection in the context of previously published human-related HIV infection and TB investigations, respectively as well as for addressing the gaps in existing knowledge based on the similarities and deviating trends reported in these HIV infection and TB studies.
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7
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Opperman M, Loots DT, van Reenen M, Ronacher K, Walzl G, du Preez I. Chronological Metabolic Response to Intensive Phase TB Therapy in Patients with Cured and Failed Treatment Outcomes. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1859-1869. [PMID: 34043334 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the arguable success of the standardized tuberculosis (TB) treatment regime, a significant number of patients still present with treatment failure. To improve on current TB treatment strategies, we sought to gain a better understanding of the hosts' response to TB therapy. A targeted metabolomics approach was used to compare the urinary acylcarnitine and amino acid profiles of eventually cured TB patients with those of patients presenting with a failed treatment outcome, comparing these patient groups at the time of diagnosis and at weeks 1, 2, and 4 of treatment. Among the significant metabolites identified were histidine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, valine, proline, tyrosine, alanine, serine, and γ-aminobutyric acid. In general, metabolite fluctuations in time followed a similar pattern for both groups for most compounds but with a delayed onset or shift of the pattern in the successfully treated patient group. These time-trends detected in both groups could potentially be ascribed to a vitamin B6 deficiency and fluctuations in the oxidative stress levels and urea cycle intermediates, linked to the drug-induced inhibition and stimulation of various enzymes. The earlier onset of observed trends in the failed patients is proposed to relate to genotypic and phenotypic variations in drug metabolizing enzymes, subsequently leading to a poor treatment efficiency either due to the rise of adverse drug reactions or to insufficient concentrations of the active drug metabolites. This study emphasizes the need for a more personalized TB treatment approach, by including enzyme phenotyping and the monitoring of oxidative stress and vitamin B6 levels, for example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Opperman
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag x6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
| | - Du Toit Loots
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag x6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
| | - Mari van Reenen
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag x6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
| | - Katharina Ronacher
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
- Translational Research Institute - Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - Ilse du Preez
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag x6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
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8
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Fu J, Zhang Y, Liu J, Lian X, Tang J, Zhu F. Pharmacometabonomics: data processing and statistical analysis. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:6236068. [PMID: 33866355 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual variations in drug efficacy, side effects and adverse drug reactions are still challenging that cannot be ignored in drug research and development. The aim of pharmacometabonomics is to better understand the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs and monitor the drug effects on specific metabolic pathways. Here, we systematically reviewed the recent technological advances in pharmacometabonomics for better understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of diseases as well as the metabolic effects of drugs on bodies. First, the advantages and disadvantages of all mainstream analytical techniques were compared. Second, many data processing strategies including filtering, missing value imputation, quality control-based correction, transformation, normalization together with the methods implemented in each step were discussed. Third, various feature selection and feature extraction algorithms commonly applied in pharmacometabonomics were described. Finally, the databases that facilitate current pharmacometabonomics were collected and discussed. All in all, this review provided guidance for researchers engaged in pharmacometabonomics and metabolomics, and it would promote the wide application of metabolomics in drug research and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Zhejiang University, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Zhejiang University, China
| | - Jin Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Zhejiang University, China
| | - Xichen Lian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Zhejiang University, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Bioinformatics in Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Zhejiang University, China
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9
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Hu T, An Z, Sun Y, Wang X, Du P, Li P, Chi Y, Liu L. Longitudinal Pharmacometabonomics for Predicting Malignant Tumor Patient Responses to Anlotinib Therapy: Phenotype, Efficacy, and Toxicity. Front Oncol 2020; 10:548300. [PMID: 33282726 PMCID: PMC7689013 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.548300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anlotinib is an oral small molecule inhibitor of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), which was approved by the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) of China in 2018 for the third-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, for the first time, the longitudinal pharmacometabonomics was explored for predicting malignant tumor patient responses to anlotinib, including the metabolic phenotype variation, drug efficacy, and toxicity. A total of 393 plasma samples from 16 subjects collected from a phase I additional study of anlotinib (NCT02752516) were submitted to targeted metabolomics analysis. The orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models were constructed for the predication of anlotinib efficacy and toxicity based on the longitudinal pharmacometabonomics data. Statistical results showed that 38 metabolites, mainly involved in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, and steroid hormone biosynthesis, were all significantly upregulated attributing to anlotinib treatment. The anti-tumor efficacy and occurrence of proteinuria after anlotinib administration can be predicted with 100% accuracy using the established OPLS-DA models. Glycodeoxycholic acid and glycocholic acid possessed the most excellent sensitivity and specificity in predicting the efficacy of anlotinib, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC of ROC curve) 0.847 and 0.828, respectively. NG, NG-dimethylarginine was the most promising biomarker for the prediction of proteinuria occurrence after anlotinib administration, with AUC of ROC curve 0.814. In conclusion, this work developed efficient and convenient discriminant models that can accurately predict the efficacy and toxicity of anlotinib based on longitudinal pharmacometabonomics study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hu
- Pharmaceutical Department, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuoling An
- Pharmaceutical Department, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongkun Sun
- National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xunqiang Wang
- Research and Development Department, Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Du
- Pharmaceutical Department, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Pharmaceutical Department, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yihebali Chi
- National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Pharmaceutical Department, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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10
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Antibiotics in the clinical pipeline in October 2019. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2020; 73:329-364. [PMID: 32152527 PMCID: PMC7223789 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-020-0291-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The development of new and effective antibacterial drugs to treat multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria, especially Gram-negative (G−ve) pathogens, is acknowledged as one of the world’s most pressing health issues; however, the discovery and development of new, nontoxic antibacterials is not a straightforward scientific task, which is compounded by a challenging economic model. This review lists the antibacterials, β-lactamase/β-lactam inhibitor (BLI) combinations, and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) first launched around the world since 2009 and details the seven new antibiotics and two new β-lactam/BLI combinations launched since 2016. The development status, mode of action, spectra of activity, lead source, and administration route for the 44 small molecule antibacterials, eight β-lactamase/BLI combinations, and one antibody drug conjugate (ADC) being evaluated in worldwide clinical trials at the end of October 2019 are described. Compounds discontinued from clinical development since 2016 and new antibacterial pharmacophores are also reviewed. There has been an increase in the number of early stage clinical candidates, which has been fueled by antibiotic-focused funding agencies; however, there is still a significant gap in the pipeline for the development of new antibacterials with activity against β-metallolactamases, orally administered with broad spectrum G−ve activity, and new treatments for MDR Acinetobacter and gonorrhea.
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11
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Combrink M, Loots DT, du Preez I. Metabolomics describes previously unknown toxicity mechanisms of isoniazid and rifampicin. Toxicol Lett 2020; 322:104-110. [PMID: 31981687 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Isoniazid and rifampicin are well-known anti-mycobacterial agents and are widely used to treat pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) as part of the combined therapy approach, recommended by the World Health Organization. The ingestion of these first-line TB drugs are, however, not free of side effects, and are toxic to the liver, kidney, and central nervous system. These side effects are associated with poor treatment compliance, resulting in TB treatment failure, relapse and drug resistant TB. This occurrence has subsequently led to the recent application of novel research technologies, towards a better understanding of the underlying toxicity mechanisms of TB drugs in humans, mostly focussing on the 2 most important TB drugs: isoniazid and rifampicin. In this review, we discuss the contribution that one such an approach, termed metabolomics has made toward this field, and also highlight the impact that this might have towards the development of improved TB treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Combrink
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag x6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
| | - Du Toit Loots
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag x6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
| | - Ilse du Preez
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag x6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa.
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12
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Zhang XW, Li QH, Xu ZD, Dou JJ. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in health and medical science: a systematic review. RSC Adv 2020; 10:3092-3104. [PMID: 35497733 PMCID: PMC9048967 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08985c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is the study of the investigation of small molecules derived from cellular and organism metabolism, which reflects the outcomes of the complex network of biochemical reactions in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-wu Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
- China
| | - Qiu-han Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicine
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
- China
| | - Zuo-di Xu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
- China
| | - Jin-jin Dou
- Institute of Chinese Medicine
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
- China
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13
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Zheng Y, Xu N, Hu X, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Zhao Q. Development and Application of a LC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Four First-Line Antituberculosis Drugs in Human Serum. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2020; 2020:8838219. [PMID: 32724703 PMCID: PMC7366203 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8838219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, and sensitive liquid chromatography (LC)/mass spectrometry (MS) method was established and validated for simultaneous quantitation of pyrazinamide, isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol in human blood sample. Samples were pretreated by a single-step precipitation with acetonitrile. Chromatographic separation was achieved on XSelecT HSS T3 column by gradient elution with a total run time of 5.0 min. MS detection was performed by a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer in the multiple reaction monitoring mode with a positive electrospray ionization source. Isotope-labeled internal standard, especially rifampicin-D8, was applied to adjust for the loss during sample treatment. The established LC-MS/MS method showed a wide analytical range (pyrazinamide: 1.02∼60.0 μg/mL, isoniazid: 0.152∼10.0 μg/mL, rifampicin: 0.500∼30.0 μg/mL, and ethambutol: 0.0998∼5.99 μg/mL) and a good linearity (r > 0.99 for the four analytes) with acceptable accuracy and precision (90.15%∼104.62% and 94.00%∼104.02% for intra- and interaccuracy, respectively; RSD%: <12.46% and <6.43% for intra- and interprecision, respectively). It also showed excellent recoveries (79.24%∼94.16% for all analytes) and absence of significant matrix effect. This method was successfully applied to the quantification of four first-line antituberculosis (anti-TB) drugs, suggesting its suitability for therapeutic drug monitoring in the clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunliang Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
- Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Nana Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
- Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Xingjiang Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
- Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
- Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Yanpeng Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
- Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Qingwei Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
- Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
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14
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Combrink M, du Preez I, Ronacher K, Walzl G, Loots DT. Time-Dependent Changes in Urinary Metabolome Before and After Intensive Phase Tuberculosis Therapy: A Pharmacometabolomics Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 23:560-572. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2019.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monique Combrink
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Ilse du Preez
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Katharina Ronacher
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Du Toit Loots
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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15
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du Preez I, Luies L, Loots DT. The application of metabolomics toward pulmonary tuberculosis research. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2019; 115:126-139. [PMID: 30948167 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the quest to identify novel biomarkers for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), high-throughput systems biology approaches such as metabolomics has become increasingly widespread. Such biomarkers have not only successfully been used for better disease characterization, but have also provided new insights toward the future development of improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In this review, we give a summary of the metabolomics studies done to date, with a specific focus on those investigating various aspects of pulmonary TB, and the infectious agent responsible, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These studies, done on a variety of sample matrices, including bacteriological culture, sputum, blood, urine, tissue, and breath, are discussed in terms of their intended research outcomes or future clinical applications. Additionally, a summary of the research model, sample cohort, analytical apparatus and statistical methods used for biomarker identification in each of these studies, is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse du Preez
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa.
| | - Laneke Luies
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa.
| | - Du Toit Loots
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa.
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