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Oliveira LS, de Oliveira RG, da Silva TQ, Gonzaga S, de Oliveira LC. Effects of pilates exercises on strength, endurance and muscle power in older adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2024; 39:615-634. [PMID: 38876695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pilates exercises have been used by the older adults and have shown potential to improve some components of physical fitness. OBJECTIVE To verify the effects of Pilates on strength, endurance and muscle power in older adults. METHODS The searches were performed in the databases: PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, LILACS and PEDro until September 2022, without filters that limited the date of publications or language. The studies included were: randomized clinical trials (RCTs); interventions that used Pilates; interventions with outcomes involving strength, endurance and/or muscle power; participants over 60 years old. RESULTS 24 RCTs (1190 participants) were selected. There is low quality evidence that Pilates did not significantly improve muscle strength compared to the control group (Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) = 1.18 [95%CI -0.71, 3.08] I2 = 93%), and moderate quality compared to other exercises (SMD = 0.01 [CI95% -0.46, 0.48] I2 = 0%). Very low quality evidence shows that Pilates can improve muscular endurance of upper limbs compared to control group (Mean Difference (MD) = 4.87 [95%CI 2.38, 7.36] I2 = 88%) and lower limbs compared to other exercises (MD = 2.68 [CI95% 0.26, 5.10] I2 = 87%). It was not possible to perform muscle power analysis due to the reduced number of studies. CONCLUSION Currently, it is not feasible to recommend Pilates exercises as a means to improve strength, endurance and muscle power in the older adults. More RCTs covering this topic are needed given the low quality of evidence available at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sabrina Gonzaga
- Health Sciences Center, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná (UENP), Brazil
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Gultekin SC, Ozcan Kahraman B, Kahraman T. Cardiorespiratory responses: Pilates compared to different walking speeds in healthy adults. Ir J Med Sci 2024; 193:139-147. [PMID: 37515686 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03468-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of a single-session Pilates exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic parameters is still uncertain. AIMS The aim of this study was to examine the cardiorespiratory changes during a single-session Pilates exercise and compare cardiorespiratory fitness-related parameters with walking at different speeds on a treadmill, at low (3.2 kph) and moderate intensities (4.8 kph). METHODS Cardiorespiratory responses were measured with a cardiopulmonary exercise test device in 31 healthy young adults at rest, during a single Pilates session, walking at 3.2 kph and walking at 4.8 kph. The study design employed a cross-over design. Participants were randomly assigned to two experimental groups: a Pilates training session following treadmill walking or treadmill walking following a Pilates training session. RESULTS Mean MET, oxygen and energy consumption during Pilates were similar to walking at 3.2 kph (p > 0.05), but significantly lower than walking at 4.8 kph (p < 0.05). The mean heart rate during Pilates was higher than walking at 3.2 kph (p < 0.05), but similar to walking at 4.8 kph (p > 0.05). Significantly higher carbohydrate metabolism was used during Pilates compared to walking (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The cardiopulmonary responses to a single Pilates session are similar to walking at a speed of 3.2 kph but lower than walking at 4.8 kph. These results indicate that while Pilates may not generate sufficient cardiopulmonary changes to enhance cardiorespiratory fitness as a moderate-intensity exercise in healthy young adults, it may still offer other benefits such as improvements in flexibility, core strength, and posture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukriye Cansu Gultekin
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Buse Ozcan Kahraman
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy-Rehabilitation, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Turhan Kahraman
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
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Is pilates better than other exercises at increasing muscle strength? A systematic review. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Pereira MJ, Mendes R, Mendes RS, Martins F, Gomes R, Gama J, Dias G, Castro MA. Benefits of Pilates in the Elderly Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2022; 12:236-268. [PMID: 35323204 PMCID: PMC8947639 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe12030018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review is to collect and summarize the benefits of Pilates in the elderly population (>60 years old), within the current scientific production, assessing its contribution to Healthy Ageing (HA). We used PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis) to select, collect, and analyse this thematic. The methodological procedures were registered in the PROSPERO database. The main results of the studies analysed (n = 30) point to significant differences between the intervention and the control groups in dynamic balance, strength, mobility, functional capacity, risk of falling reduction, and mental and psychological health. Thus, the results showed that Pilates may be beneficial for the health of the elderly. The meta-analysis found statistical differences between means on the dynamic balance (mean difference (MD) = −0.0, 95% CI [−0.71, −0.50]; I2: 0%) and the aerobic capacity and aerobic resistance [(MD) = 38.29, 95% CI [6.82, 69.77]; I2: 0%). Thus, it is concluded that the efficacy of Pilates has been shown in various areas of HA and has proven to be affordable and safe for the majority of people, using just a mat on the floor. Future studies should focus on the analysis of the relationship between the cost and the benefit of a Pilates intervention in the elderly population, to better understand how health costs can be minimized and to contribute to a multidisciplinary and generalized HA. Pilates has practical application for the clinicians, therapists, and health professionals that work with the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário José Pereira
- Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e Educação Física, Universidade de Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +35-191-846-6976
| | - Rodrigo Mendes
- ESEC-UNICID-ASSERT, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, 3030-329 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.M.); (R.S.M.) (F.M.); (R.G.); (G.D.)
| | - Rui Sousa Mendes
- ESEC-UNICID-ASSERT, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, 3030-329 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.M.); (R.S.M.) (F.M.); (R.G.); (G.D.)
- ROBOCORP, IIA, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, 3030-329 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF) (UID/DTP/04213/2020), Universidade de Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Fernando Martins
- ESEC-UNICID-ASSERT, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, 3030-329 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.M.); (R.S.M.) (F.M.); (R.G.); (G.D.)
- ROBOCORP, IIA, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, 3030-329 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Instituto de Telecomunicações (IT), 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Gomes
- ESEC-UNICID-ASSERT, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, 3030-329 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.M.); (R.S.M.) (F.M.); (R.G.); (G.D.)
- ROBOCORP, IIA, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, 3030-329 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF) (UID/DTP/04213/2020), Universidade de Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - José Gama
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF) (UID/DTP/04213/2020), Universidade de Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Gonçalo Dias
- ESEC-UNICID-ASSERT, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, 3030-329 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.M.); (R.S.M.) (F.M.); (R.G.); (G.D.)
- ROBOCORP, IIA, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, 3030-329 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF) (UID/DTP/04213/2020), Universidade de Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Maria António Castro
- ROBOCORP, IIA, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, 3030-329 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CEMMPRE (UIDB/00285/2020), Universidade de Coimbra, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
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Metz VR, Scapini KB, Dias Gomes AL, Andrade RM, Brech GC, Alonso AC. Effects of pilates on physical-functional performance, quality of life and mood in older adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2021; 28:502-512. [PMID: 34776186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review the effects of pilates on physical-functional aspects and quality of life of older adults. METHODS We included randomized clinical trials whose participants were older adults, whose intervention was pilates exercises and that used a control group for comparison. The primary outcomes were balance, muscle strength, quality of life. Secondary outcomes were mood, autonomy, and flexibility. The searches were performed in the electronic databases Pubmed, Web of Science, LILACS, Cochrane Library and EMBASE, using terms from MeSH: Aged, elderly, Pilates-Based Exercises, Pilates Training, Pilates, Mat Pilates, Equipment-based Pilates, and synonyms, in May 2020. The meta-analysis, when possible, was performed using the mean and standard deviation values of the groups after the intervention period using the random effects model. RESULTS The search rendered 1639 studies, of which 28 articles corresponding to 24 ECRs (897 individuals) were included, most of the studies involved a female population. A meta-analysis was performed only in the balance variable, through the Berg Scale (three RCTs), where there were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups (2.06-95% CI: 1.31, 5.44, I2: 91%), and it was evaluated by the TUG (six RCTs), which showed a reduction of 0.92 seconds in the protocol execution (95% CI: 1.67, -0.17, I2: 62%). CONCLUSION This review demonstrate that the practice of pilates by older adults may have positive effects on some of the outcomes evaluated, these results should be interpreted with caution (methodological heterogeneity and a part present high risk of bias).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Raquel Metz
- Graduate Program in Aging Sciences from the University Sao Judas Tadeu (USJT), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Katia Bilhar Scapini
- Graduate Program in Aging Sciences from the University Sao Judas Tadeu (USJT), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Lorena Dias Gomes
- Graduate Program in Aging Sciences from the University Sao Judas Tadeu (USJT), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Carlos Brech
- Graduate Program in Aging Sciences from the University Sao Judas Tadeu (USJT), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory Study of Movement, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia Do Hospital Das Clínicas (IOT-HC), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Angélica Castilho Alonso
- Graduate Program in Aging Sciences from the University Sao Judas Tadeu (USJT), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory Study of Movement, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia Do Hospital Das Clínicas (IOT-HC), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Meikis L, Wicker P, Donath L. Effects of Pilates Training on Physiological and Psychological Health Parameters in Healthy Older Adults and in Older Adults With Clinical Conditions Over 55 Years: A Meta-Analytical Review. Front Neurol 2021; 12:724218. [PMID: 34759879 PMCID: PMC8574969 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.724218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This meta-analytical review aimed at comparing the impact of Pilates interventions (PIs) on physiological and psychological health parameters in healthy older adults and older adults with a clinical condition aged 55 years and older. The literature search was conducted in three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus). Randomized controlled trials that aimed at improving physiological and psychological health parameters in adults aged 55 years and older using Pilates as an intervention were screened for eligibility. The included data was extracted and assigned based on participants' health condition (clinical vs. non-clinical), as well as the respective control condition used in the study [inactive (IC) vs. active control group (AC)]. Statistical analyses were computed using a random-effects inverse-variance model. Fifty-one studies with a total of 2,485 participants (mean age: 66.5 ± 4.9 years) were included. Moderate effects (SMD: 0.55; 0.68) were found for physiological health parameters (muscle strength, balance, endurance, flexibility, gait, and physical functioning) in both experimental (clinical and non-clinical) conditions when compared to ICs (p < 0.003; p = 0.0001), and small to moderate effects (SMD: 0.27; 0.50) when compared to ACs (p = 0.04; p = 0.01). Moderate to large effects (SMD: 0.62; 0.83) were documented for psychological health parameters (quality of life, depression, sleep quality, fear of falling, pain, and health perception) in both conditions when compared to ICs (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). PIs induce small to large effects in physiological and psychological health parameters in older adults, regardless of their health condition. The substantial heterogeneity within the included studies complicated standardized comparison of the training modalities between the two target groups. Nonetheless, Pilates seems to be a safe, adaptable, and promising exercise approach for a heterogenous population of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilly Meikis
- Institute of Movement and Sport Gerontology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Pamela Wicker
- Department of Sports Science, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Lars Donath
- Institute of Exercise Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Fernández-Rodríguez R, Álvarez-Bueno C, Ferri-Morales A, Torres-Costoso A, Pozuelo-Carrascosa DP, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Pilates improves physical performance and decreases risk of falls in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiotherapy 2021; 112:163-177. [PMID: 34332493 DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falls are the leading cause of injury-related deaths in older adults. Physical exercise is a suitable strategy to reduce the risk of falls, but there is little research on the effectiveness of specific exercise modalities. OBJECTIVES To estimate the effectiveness of Pilates compared to habitual or non-exercise on physical performance and the risk of falls in older adults. DATA SOURCES Five databases were searched through April 15, 2021. STUDY SELECTION Randomized controlled trial in people aged ≥60 years. OUTCOMES balance, strength, flexibility, functionality, and risk of falls. DATA SYNTHESIS Pooled standardized mean differences were calculated using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses based on Pilates' modality, the existence of a detailed exercise protocol, supervision by a certified instructor, and overall risk of bias were performed. RESULTS Thirty-nine studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analyses. The meta-analyses indicated a moderate effect of Pilates on balance (ES=0.36; 95% CI=0.21 to 0.50), strength (ES=0.63; 95% CI=0.44 to 0.81), flexibility (ES=0.41; 95% CI=0.16 to 0.67), and functionality (ES=0.51; 95% CI=0.32 to 0.72) as well as a large effect on the risk of falls (ES=0.90; 95% CI=0.41 to 1.38) in older adults when compared with control groups. The level of certainty of the findings was low for balance, flexibility, and functionality and moderate for strength and falls. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS OF KEY FINDINGS Pilates may promote the autonomy of older people in their daily living activities. Systematic Review Registration Number PROSPERO CRD42018116452.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Fernández-Rodríguez
- Movi-Fitness S.L, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Cuenca, Spain; Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Celia Álvarez-Bueno
- Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain; Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay.
| | | | - Ana Torres-Costoso
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería, Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
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Fernández-Rodríguez R, Álvarez-Bueno C, Ferri-Morales A, Torres-Costoso AI, Cavero-Redondo I, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Pilates Method Improves Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1761. [PMID: 31652806 PMCID: PMC6912807 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory fitness has been postulated as an independent predictor of several chronic diseases. We aimed to estimate the effect of Pilates on improving cardiorespiratory fitness and to explore whether this effect could be modified by a participant's health condition or by baseline VO2 max levels. We searched databases from inception to September 2019. Data were pooled using a random effects model. The Cochrane risk of bias (RoB 2.0) tool and the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies were performed. The primary outcome was cardiorespiratory fitness measured by VO2 max. The search identified 527 potential studies of which 10 studies were included in the systematic review and 9 in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that Pilates increased VO2 max, with an effect size (ES) = 0.57 (95% CI: 0.15-1; I2 = 63.5%, p = 0.018) for the Pilates group vs. the control and ES = 0.51 (95% CI: 0.26-0.76; I2 = 67%, p = 0.002) for Pilates pre-post effect. The estimates of the pooled ES were similar in both sensitivity and subgroup analyses; however, random-effects meta-regressions based on baseline VO2 max were significant. Pilates improves cardiorespiratory fitness regardless of the population's health status. Therefore, it may be an efficacious alternative for both the healthy population and patients suffering from specific disorders to achieve evidenced-based results from cardiorespiratory and neuromotor exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Fernández-Rodríguez
- Movi-Fitness S.L, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain.
- Health and Social Care Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain.
| | - Celia Álvarez-Bueno
- Health and Social Care Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain.
- Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, 001518 Asunción, Paraguay.
| | - Asunción Ferri-Morales
- Faculty of Physiotherapy and Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45002 Toledo, Spain.
| | - Ana I Torres-Costoso
- Faculty of Physiotherapy and Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45002 Toledo, Spain.
| | - Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Health and Social Care Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain.
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Health and Social Care Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain.
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 3460000 Talca, Chile.
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