1
|
Rao E, Kumar Chandraker S, Misha Singh M, Kumar R. Global distribution of β-thalassemia mutations: An update. Gene 2024; 896:148022. [PMID: 38007159 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
One excellent illustration of how a single gene abnormality may result in a spectrum of disease incidence is the incredible phenotypic variety of β-thalassemia, which spans from severe anemia and transfusion needs to an utterly asymptomatic sickness. However, genetic causes of β-thalassemia and how the anemia's severity might be altered at various stages in its pathophysiology have been well investigated. There are currently known to be more than 350 mutations that cause genetic disease. However only 20 β thalassemia mutations account for more than 80% of the β thalassemia mutation across the globe due to phenomenon of geographical clustering where each population has a few common mutations together with a varying number of rare ones. Due to migration of the population, the spectrum of thalassemia mutation in changing from time to time. In this review, efforts are made to collate β globin gene mutations in different countries and populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Rao
- ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, M.P, India
| | | | - Mable Misha Singh
- Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar
- ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, M.P, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Manco L, Santos R, Rocha C, Relvas L, Bento C, Maia T, Gomes V, Amorim A, Prata MJ. Hb F Levels in β-Thalassemia Carriers and Normal Individuals: Known and Unknown Quantitative Trait Loci in the β-Globin Gene Cluster. Hemoglobin 2022; 46:168-175. [PMID: 35635444 DOI: 10.1080/03630269.2022.2070498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In the already identified quantitative trait loci (QTL), modulating Hb F levels are cis-acting haplotypes of the β-globin gene cluster itself, although the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) accounting more for the association, remain uncertain. In this study, the role in Hb F production of previously reported candidate SNPs within the β-globin gene cluster was reexamined, along with a yet poorly studied variation in the BGLT3 gene. In a sample of β-thalassemia (β-thal) carriers, we succeeded in replicating the significant association between increased Hb F levels and rs7482144 (C>T) (HBG2 XmnI), which is the most well-established variation in the cluster influencing the trait. This SNP was found to be in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) with a variation in the HBBP1 gene [rs10128556 (G>A)], which consistently revealed a similar association signal. Remarkably, much stronger than the latter associations were those involving both rs968857 (T allele) (3' HBBP1) and rs7924684 (G allele) (BGLT3), two SNPs that were also in strong LD. As the pattern of LD detected in the β-globin gene cluster does not correlate with a tight linkage between markers, complex interactions between SNPs at the cluster seem to modulate Hb F. Seeing that no such associations were detected in normal subjects, the question can be raised on whether, under erythropoiesis stress, epigenetic mechanisms contribute to change the regulation of the entire β-globin gene cluster. In conclusion, we provide statistical evidence for a new player within the β-globin gene cluster, BGLT3, that in cooperation with other regions influences Hb F levels in β-thal carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Licínio Manco
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel Santos
- Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology (IPATIMUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Rocha
- Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology (IPATIMUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Relvas
- Department of Haematology, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Celeste Bento
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Haematology, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tabita Maia
- Department of Haematology, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Verónica Gomes
- Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology (IPATIMUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Amorim
- Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology (IPATIMUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J Prata
- Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology (IPATIMUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Delgadinho M, Ginete C, Santos B, Miranda A, Brito M. Genotypic Diversity among Angolan Children with Sickle Cell Anemia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105417. [PMID: 34069401 PMCID: PMC8158763 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background. Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an inherited blood disorder that affects over 300,000 newborns worldwide every year, being particularly prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite being a monogenic disease, SCA shows a remarkably high clinical heterogeneity. Several studies have already demonstrated the existence of some polymorphisms that can provide major clinical benefits, producing a mild phenotype. Moreover, the existence of distinct haplotypes can also influence the phenotype patterns of certain populations, leading to different clinical manifestations. Our aim was to assess the association between polymorphisms in genes previously related to SCA disease severity in an Angolan pediatric population. Methods. This study analyzed clinical and biological data collected from 192 Angolan children. Using NGS data, we classified the HBB haplotypes based on four previously described SNPs (rs3834466, rs28440105, rs10128556, and rs968857) and the genotype for the SNPs in HBG2 (rs7482144), BCL11A (rs4671393, rs11886868, rs1427407, rs7557939), HBS1L-MYB (rs66650371) and BGLT3 (rs7924684) genes. Results. The CAR haplotype was undoubtedly the most common HBB haplotype in our population. The HbF values and the ratio of gamma chains were statistically significant for almost all of the variants studied. We reported for the first time an association between rs7924684 in the BGLT3 gene and gamma chains ratio. Conclusions. The current findings emphasize the importance personalized medicine would have if applied to SCA patient care, since some of the variants studied might predict the phenotype and the overall response to treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Delgadinho
- H&TRC—Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL—Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.D.); (C.G.)
| | - Catarina Ginete
- H&TRC—Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL—Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.D.); (C.G.)
| | - Brígida Santos
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Angola (CISA), Caxito, Angola;
- Hospital Pediátrico David Bernardino (HPDB), Luanda 3067, Angola
| | - Armandina Miranda
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Miguel Brito
- H&TRC—Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL—Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.D.); (C.G.)
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Angola (CISA), Caxito, Angola;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-218980400
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Esoh K, Wonkam A. Evolutionary history of sickle-cell mutation: implications for global genetic medicine. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:R119-R128. [PMID: 33461216 PMCID: PMC8117455 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance afforded by the sickle-cell trait against severe malaria has led to high frequencies of the sickle-cell mutation [HBB; c.20T>A, p.Glu6Val; OMIM: 141900 (HBB-βS)] in most parts of Africa. High-coverage sequencing and genotype data have now confirmed the single African origin of the sickle-cell gene variant [HBB; c.20T>A, p.Glu6Val; OMIM: 141900 (HBB-βS)]. Nevertheless, the classical HBB-like genes cluster haplotypes remain a rich source of HBB-βS evolutionary information. The overlapping distribution of HBB-βS and other disease-associated variants means that their evolutionary genetics must be investigated concurrently. In this review: (1) we explore the evolutionary history of HBB-βS and its implications in understanding human migration within and out of Africa: e.g. HBB haplotypes and recent migration paths of the Bantu expansion, occurrence of ~7% of the Senegal haplotype in Angola reflecting changes in population/SCD dynamics, and existence of all five classical HBB haplotype in Cameroon and Egypt suggesting a much longer presence of HBB-βS in these regions; (2) we discuss the time estimates of the emergence of HBB-βS in Africa and finally, (3) we discuss implications for genetic medicine in understanding complex epistatic interactions between HBB-βS and other gene variants selected under environmental pressure in Africa e.g. variants in HBB, HBA, G6PD, APOL1, APOE, OSBPL10 and RXRA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Esoh
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ambroise Wonkam
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Santos B, Delgadinho M, Ferreira J, Germano I, Miranda A, Arez AP, Faustino P, Brito M. Co-Inheritance of alpha-thalassemia and sickle cell disease in a cohort of Angolan pediatric patients. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:5397-5402. [PMID: 32632780 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05628-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the association between alpha-thalassemia, fetal hemoglobin, hematological indices, and clinical adverse events in Angolan sickle cell disease pediatric patients. A total of 200 sickle cell disease (SCD) children were sampled in Luanda and Caxito. A venous blood sample was collected and used for hematological analyses, fetal hemoglobin quantification, and genotyping of 3.7 kb alpha-thalassemia deletion by GAP-PCR. The frequency of the 3.7 kb alpha-thalassemia deletion in homozygosity was 12.5% and in heterozygosity was 55.0%. An increase in alpha-thalassemia frequency was observed in children older than 5 years old (11.7% vs. 13.00%). Furthermore, 3.7 kb alpha-thalassemia deletion homozygotes had a significantly higher age of the first manifestation, lower number of blood transfusions by year, higher hemoglobin, lower mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and lower hemolytic rate observed by a lower number of reticulocytes count. There were no differences in fetal hemoglobin between the three genotypes. Moreover, the number of stroke events, osteomyelitis, splenomegaly, splenectomy, and hepatomegaly were lower when alpha-thalassemia was co-inherited. For the first time in Angolan population, the effect of alpha-thalassemia deletion in sickle cell disease was analyzed and results reinforce that this trait influences the hematological and clinical aspects and produces a milder phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brígida Santos
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Angola (CISA), Caxito, Angola.,Hospital Pediátrico David Bernardino (HPDB), Luanda, Angola
| | - Mariana Delgadinho
- Health and Technology Research Center (H&TRC), Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa/Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde (IPL/ESTESL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Ferreira
- Health and Technology Research Center (H&TRC), Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa/Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde (IPL/ESTESL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Germano
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Armandina Miranda
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Arez
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula Faustino
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel Brito
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Angola (CISA), Caxito, Angola. .,Health and Technology Research Center (H&TRC), Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa/Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde (IPL/ESTESL), Lisbon, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|