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Supachawaroj N, Limsitthichaikoon S. Lidocaine HCl-Loaded Polyelectrolyte Complex -Poloxamer Thermoresponsive Hydrogel: In Vitro- In Vivo Anesthetic Evaluations for Tooth Socket Wound Delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:182. [PMID: 39138709 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02894-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Local anesthesia is essential in dental practices, particularly for managing pain in tooth socket wounds, yet improving drug delivery systems remains a significant challenge. This study explored the physicochemical characteristics of lidocaine hydrochloride (LH) incorporated into a polyelectrolyte complex and poloxamer thermosensitivity hydrogel, assessing its local anesthetic efficacy in mouse models and its onset and duration of action as topical anesthetics in clinical trials. The thermoresponsive hydrogel exhibited a rapid phase transition within 1-3 minutes and demonstrated pseudo-plastic flow behavior. Its release kinetics followed Korsmeyer-Peppas, with 50% of biodegradation occurring over 48 h. In mouse models, certain thermogels showed superior anesthetic effects, with rapid onset and prolonged action, as evidenced by heat tolerance in tail-flick and hot plate models. In clinical trials, the LH-loaded thermoresponsive hydrogel provided rapid numbness onset, with anesthesia (Ton) beginning at an average of 46.5 ± 22.5 seconds and lasting effectively (Teff) for 202.5 ± 41.0 seconds, ranging from 120 to 240 seconds, indicating sustained release. These results highlight the promising properties of these formulations: rapid onset, prolonged duration, mucoadhesion, biodegradability, and high anesthesia effectiveness. This study demonstrates the potential for advancing local anesthesia across various medical fields, emphasizing the synergy between material science and clinical applications to improve patient care and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttawut Supachawaroj
- Department of Oral Surgery, College of Dental Medicine, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, 12000, Thailand
| | - Sucharat Limsitthichaikoon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, 12000, Thailand.
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Elkanayati RM, Darwesh AY, Taha I, Wang H, Uttreja P, Vemula SK, Chambliss WG, Repka MA. Quality by design approach for fabrication of extended-release buccal films for xerostomia employing hot-melt extrusion technology. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 200:114335. [PMID: 38768765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The study endeavors the fabrication of extended-release adipic acid (APA) buccal films employing a quality by design (QbD) approach. The films intended for the treatment of xerostomia were developed utilizing hot-melt extrusion technology. The patient-centered quality target product profile was created, and the critical quality attributes were identified accordingly. Three early-stage formulation development trials, complemented by risk assessment aligned the formulation and process parameters with the product quality standards. Employing a D-optimal mixture design, the formulations were systematically optimized by evaluating three formulation variables: amount of the release-controlling polymer Eudragit® (E RSPO), bioadhesive agent Carbopol® (CBP 971P), and pore forming agent polyethylene glycol (PEG 1500) as independent variables, and % APA release in 1, 4 and 8 h as responses. Using design of experiment software (Design-Expert®), a total of 16 experimental runs were computed and extruded using a Thermofisher ScientificTM twin screw extruder. All films exhibited acceptable content uniformity and extended-release profiles with the potential for releasing APA for at least 8 h. Films containing 30% E RSPO, 10% CBP 971P, and 20% PEG 1500 released 88.6% APA in 8 h. Increasing the CBP concentration enhanced adhesiveness and swelling capacities while decreasing E RSPO concentration yielded films with higher mechanical strength. The release kinetics fitted well into Higuchi and Krosmeyer-Peppas models indicating a Fickian diffusion release mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha M Elkanayati
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Alaa Y Darwesh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Iman Taha
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Honghe Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Prateek Uttreja
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Sateesh Kumar Vemula
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Walter G Chambliss
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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Wójcik-Pastuszka D, Stawicka K, Musiał W. Biopolymer-Based Hydrogel Incorporated with Naproxen Sodium and Lidocaine Hydrochloride for Controlled Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1353. [PMID: 38794546 PMCID: PMC11124777 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sodium hyaluronate (HA) is a natural polysaccharide. This biopolymer occurs in many tissues of living organisms. The regenerating, nourishing, and moisturizing properties as well as the rheological properties of HA enable its application in the pharmaceutical industry as a carrier of medicinal substances. The aim of this work was to assess the release of naproxen sodium (Nap) in the presence of lidocaine hydrochloride (Lid) from the biopolymer-based hydrogels and to determine the respective kinetic parameters of this process. The possible interaction between the HA polysaccharide carrier and the selected drugs was also investigated. Three hydrogels containing Nap and Lid with different concentrations of the biopolymer were prepared. The release of Nap was studied by employing USP apparatus 5. The infrared study and differential scanning calorimetry analysis of physical mixtures and dried formulations were performed. The highest amount of Nap was released from the formulation with the lowest concentration of the biopolymer. The most representative kinetic model that described the dissolution of Nap was obtained through the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation. The release rate constants were in the range of 1.0 ± 0.1 × 10-2 min-n-1.7 ± 0.1 × 10-2 min-n. Lid did not influence the dissolution of Nap from the formulations tested; however, in the desiccated samples of assessed formulations, the interaction between the polysaccharide and both drugs was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Witold Musiał
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211A, 55-556 Wrocław, Poland; (D.W.-P.); (K.S.)
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Chanabodeechalermrung B, Chaiwarit T, Chaichit S, Udomsom S, Baipaywad P, Worajittiphon P, Jantrawut P. HPMC/PVP K90 Dissolving Microneedles Fabricated from 3D-Printed Master Molds: Impact on Microneedle Morphology, Mechanical Strength, and Topical Dissolving Property. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:452. [PMID: 38399830 PMCID: PMC10891514 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing can be used to fabricate custom microneedle (MN) patches instead of the conventional method. In this work, 3D-printed MN patches were utilized to fabricate a MN mold, and the mold was used to prepare dissolving MNs for topical lidocaine HCl (L) delivery through the skin. Topical creams usually take 1-2 h to induce an anesthetic effect, so the delivery of lidocaine HCl from dissolving MNs can allow for a therapeutic effect to be reached faster than with a topical cream. The dissolving-MN-patch-incorporated lidocaine HCl was constructed from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC; H) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP K90; P) using centrifugation. Additionally, the morphology, mechanical property, skin insertion, dissolving behavior, drug-loading content, drug release of MNs and the chemical interactions among the compositions were also examined. H51P2-L, H501P2-L, and H901P2-L showed an acceptable needle appearance without bent tips or a broken structure, and they had a low % height change (<10%), including a high blue-dot percentage on the skin (>80%). These three formulations exhibited a drug-loading content approaching 100%. Importantly, the composition-dependent dissolving abilities of MNs were revealed. Containing the lowest amount of HPMC in its formulation, H901P2-L showed the fastest dissolving ability, which was related to the high amount of lidocaine HCl released through the skin. Moreover, the results of an FTIR analysis showed no chemical interactions among the two polymers and lidocaine HCl. As a result, HPMC/PVP K90 dissolving microneedles can be used to deliver lidocaine HCl through the skin, resulting in a faster onset of anesthetic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baramee Chanabodeechalermrung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (B.C.); (T.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Tanpong Chaiwarit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (B.C.); (T.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Siripat Chaichit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (B.C.); (T.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Suruk Udomsom
- Biomedical Engineering and Innovation Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.U.); (P.B.)
- Biomedical Engineering Institute (BMEI), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Phornsawat Baipaywad
- Biomedical Engineering and Innovation Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.U.); (P.B.)
- Biomedical Engineering Institute (BMEI), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Patnarin Worajittiphon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pensak Jantrawut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (B.C.); (T.C.); (S.C.)
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
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Wójcik-Pastuszka D, Stawicka K, Dryś A, Musiał W. Influence of HA on Release Process of Anionic and Cationic API Incorporated into Hydrophilic Gel. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065606. [PMID: 36982680 PMCID: PMC10059958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The properties of sodium hyaluronate (HA), such as hygroscopicity, flexibility, the ability to form hydrogels, as well as biocompatibility and biodegradability, are beneficial for the applications in pharmaceutical technology, cosmetics industry, and aesthetic medicine. The aim of this study was to prepare HA-based hydrogels doped with active pharmaceutical ingredient (API): a cationic drug—lidocaine hydrochloride or anionic drug—sodium. The interaction between the carrier and the implemented active pharmaceutical substances was evaluated in prepared systems by applying viscometric measurements, performing release tests of the drug from the obtained formulations, and carrying out FTIR and DSC. The data from release studies were analyzed using the zero-, first-, and second-order kinetics and Higuchi, Korsmeyer-Peppas, and Hixon-Crowell models. The respective kinetic parameters: the release rate constants, the half-release time and, in the case of the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation, the n parameter were calculated. The variability between the obtained release profiles was studied by calculating the difference (f1) and the similarity factor (f2) as well as employing statistical methods. It was revealed that the incorporation of the drugs resulted in an increase in the viscosity of the hydrogels in comparison to the respective drug-free preparations. The dissolution study showed that not entire amount of the added drug was released from the formulation, suggesting an interaction between the carrier and the drug. The FTIR and DSC studies confirmed the bond formation between HA and both medicinal substances.
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Hanif S, Sarfraz RM, Syed MA, Mahmood A, Hussain Z. Smart mucoadhesive buccal chitosan/ HPMC scaffold for sore throat: In vitro, ex vivo and pharmacokinetic profiling in humans. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Lidocaine-Loaded Hyaluronic Acid Adhesive Microneedle Patch for Oral Mucosal Topical Anesthesia. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040686. [PMID: 35456520 PMCID: PMC9025765 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The pain and fear caused by direct local injection of anesthetic or the poor experience with surface anesthetic cream increase the difficulty of clinical treatment for oral diseases. To address this problem, a hyaluronic acid microneedle patch (Li-HAMNs) that consists of fast-dissolving lidocaine hydrochloride (LDC)-loaded tips and a wet-adhesive backing layer made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC-Na) was fabricated to explore its potential use in dental topical anesthesia. Li-HAMNs could puncture the stratum corneum with an insertion depth of about 279 μm in the isolated porcine oral mucosal. The fast-dissolving tips could release LDC to improve the patients’ convenience and compliance. Importantly, the backing layer, which has good adhesion ability and water-absorbing properties, could surmount the contraction and extension of oral masticatory muscles and the saliva scour. In the tail flick test, the topical anesthesia efficacy of the Li-HAMNs group was much better than clinical lidocaine cream (EMLA cream, LDC, 1.2 mg) in spite of a relatively lower LDC dose with Li-HAMNs (LDC, 0.5 mg). It is believed that the proposed adhesive microneedle patch could enhance transmucosal delivery of anesthetics and thus open a new chapter in the painless treatment of oral diseases.
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Mahdi B, Abu-Huwaij R, Al-Khateeb I. Development of topical patches releasing allicin using garlic extract. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 21:396-402. [PMID: 34713965 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treating hair loss of Alopecia areata is a quite challenge. The treatment not only needs to be effective but must meet specific requirements in terms of accurate dose, sustain release, comfortable application with aesthetic appearance. Thus, the study was designed to develop sustained release topical patches releasing allicin using different sources, including the extract from fresh and aged garlic, and commercially pure one. METHODS Patches were formulated by solvent casting method using ethylene-vinyl acetate as backing layer and Carbopol® 971P NF (CP) as mucoadhesive polymer. Physicochemical properties were evaluated including weight, thickness, drug content, surface pH, moisture content, folding endurance, and swelling. In addition to in vitro diffusion study across the cellulose and Strat-M® membranes. RESULTS Patches showed good physicochemical properties. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was obvious in the percentage of allicin diffused across cellulose membrane between patch A (loaded with commercial allicin), patch B1 (loaded with fresh garlic extract), and patch C (loaded with aged garlic extract). However, ethanol enhanced the diffusion of allicin. The percentage of allicin diffused across cellulose membrane over 20 h from patch E (45 mg CP, 2 mL fresh garlic extract-equivalent to 60 mg allicin-and 1 mL of ethanol) was 79.94%. The flux and permeability coefficients were 2.62 mg/cm2 /h and 0.52 cm/h, respectively, with an enhancement ratio of 2.60 times the reference patch M (mashed garlic). CONCLUSION Promising development of topical patches of allicin using garlic extract as natural source with lower cost than the commercial pure allicin and higher aesthetic acceptance than the used mashed garlic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batool Mahdi
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Rana Abu-Huwaij
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Iqbal Al-Khateeb
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Al-Salt, Jordan
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Hanif S, Sarfraz RM, Syed MA, Mahmood A, Minhas MU, Irfan M. Development and optimization of tibezonium iodide and lignocaine hydrochloride containing novel mucoadhesive buccal tablets: A pharmacokinetic investigation among healthy humans. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:1209-1222. [PMID: 34601978 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1988095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is clinically important to deliver sustained-release mucoadhesive dosage of local anesthetic and antimicrobial agent for pain control. The current study aimed to develop and evaluate chitosan (CHI) based buccal mucoadhesive delivery for local release of tibezonium iodide (TBN) and lignocaine hydrochloride (LGN). METHODS Direct compression technique was employed, aided by other mucoadhesive polymers like hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and sodium alginate (SA) and evaluated for physicochemical and in vivo character. RESULTS Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis (FTIR), powdered X-ray diffraction (XRPD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) absence of physical interaction between ingredients. The physical parameters complied with USP specifications for all formulations. Optimum swellability (551.9%) was offered from formulation TL15, containing 30% SA. Highest ex vivo mucoadhesive strength (24.79 g) and time (18.39 h) was found with TL8. Formulation TL8 also exhibited maximum in vivo residence time (11.37 h). Almost complete drug release at 6 h was possessed by formulation TL5 (HPMC and CHI, 20% each) for TBN (99.98%) and LGN (99.06%). The optimized formulation TL5 exhibited dosage stability up to 6 months at 75% relative humidity and retained drug contents. TL5 was well tolerated by the volunteers with no inflammation, pain or irritation found. Almost 73% of volunteers reported an increase in salivary secretion. The first-order salivary Cmax of TBN and LGN were found as 16.02 and 7.80 µg/mL within 4 h, respectively. CONCLUSION Therefore, the sustained release mucoadhesive dosage form of TBN and LGN can be an effective and alternative option to conventional delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Hanif
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Ali Syed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asif Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Li Y, Zhao E, Li L, Bai L, Zhang W. Facile design of lidocaine-loaded polymeric hydrogel to persuade effects of local anesthesia drug delivery system: complete in vitro and in vivo toxicity analyses. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:1080-1092. [PMID: 34114924 PMCID: PMC8204985 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1931558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The principal goal of the present investigation was to enterprise new and effective drug delivery vesicle for the sustained delivery of local anesthetic lidocaine hydrochloride (LDC), using a novel combination of copolymeric hydrogel with tetrahydroxyborate (COP–THB) to improve bioactivity and therapeutic potential. To support this contention, the physical and mechanical properties, rheological characteristics, and component release of candidate formulations were investigated. An optimized formulation of COP–THB containing LDC to an upper maximum concentration of 1.5% w/w was assessed for drug crystallization. The biocompatibility of the prepared COP–THB hydrogel was exhibited strong cell survival (96%) and growth compatibility on L929 fibroblast cell lines, which was confirmed by using methods of MTT assay and microscopic observations. The COP–THB hydrogel release pattern is distinct from that of COP–THB/LDC hydrogels by the slow-release rate and the low percentage of cumulative release. In vivo evaluations were demonstrated the anesthetic effects and toxicity value of treated samples by using mice models. In addition, COP–THB/LDC hydrogels significantly inhibit in vivo tumor growth in mice model and effectively reduced it is in vivo toxicity. The pharmacological evaluation showed that encapsulation of LDC in COP–THB hydrogels prolonged its anesthetic action with favorable in vitro and in vivo compatibility. This novel design may theoretically be used in promising studies involving the controlled release of local anesthetics.Highlights Development a modified sustained release system for the local anesthetic lidocaine. PVP-THB hydrogel to improve the pharmacological properties of the drug and their anesthetic activities. Profiles of PVP-THB/LDC showed that the effective release of associated lidocaine. This new formulation could potentially be used in future local anesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Erxian Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liying Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Modified glutinous rice starch-chitosan composite films for buccal delivery of hydrophilic drug. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 245:116556. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Long J, Etxeberria AE, Nand AV, Bunt CR, Ray S, Seyfoddin A. A 3D printed chitosan-pectin hydrogel wound dressing for lidocaine hydrochloride delivery. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109873. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Hamed R, Farhan A, Abu-Huwaij R, Mahmoud NN, Kamal A. Lidocaine Microemulsion-Laden Organogels as Lipid-Based Systems for Topical Delivery. J Pharm Innov 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-019-09399-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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de Araújo DR, Ribeiro LNDM, de Paula E. Lipid-based carriers for the delivery of local anesthetics. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:701-714. [PMID: 31172838 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1629415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a clinical need for pharmaceutical dosage forms devised to prolong the acting time of local anesthetic (LA) agents or to reduce their toxicity. Encapsulation of LA in drug delivery systems (DDSs) can provide long-term anesthesia for inpatients (e.g. in immediate postsurgical pain control, avoiding the side effects from systemic analgesia) and diminished systemic toxicity for outpatients (in ambulatory/dentistry procedures). The lipid-based formulations described here, such as liposomes, microemulsions, and lipid nanoparticles, have provided several nanotechnological advances and therapeutic alternatives despite some inherent limitations associated with the fabrication processes, costs, and preclinical evaluation models. AREAS COVERED A description of the currently promising lipid-based carriers, including liposomes, microemulsions, and nanostructured lipid carriers, followed by a systematic review of the existing lipid-based formulations proposed for LA. Trends in the research of these LA-in-DDS are then exposed, from the point of view of administration route and alternatives for non-traditionally administered LA molecules. EXPERT OPINION Considering the current state and potential future developments in the field, we discuss the reasons for why dozens of formulations published every year fail to reach clinical trials; only one lipid-based formulation for the delivery of local anesthetic (Exparel®) has been approved so far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lígia Nunes de Morais Ribeiro
- b Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology , Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP , Campinas, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Eneida de Paula
- b Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology , Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP , Campinas, São Paulo , Brazil
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Assaf SM, Sallam ASA, Ghanem AM. Design and evaluation of transdermal delivery system containing tamsulosin hydrochloride. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Liu X, Ma X, Kun E, Guo X, Yu Z, Zhang F. Influence of lidocaine forms (salt vs. freebase) on properties of drug–eudragit® L100-55 extrudates prepared by reactive melt extrusion. Int J Pharm 2018; 547:291-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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do Couto RO, Cubayachi C, Calefi PL, Lopez RFV, Pedrazzi V, De Gaitani CM, de Freitas O. Combining amino amide salts in mucoadhesive films enhances needle-free buccal anesthesia in adults. J Control Release 2017; 266:205-215. [PMID: 28974451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Needle-phobia is usually a great concern in dentistry, and the replacement of painful injections by patient-friendly needle-free topical formulations would bring several advantages in dental practice worldwide. In this pursuit, the effects of combining prilocaine hydrochloride (PCL) and lidocaine hydrochloride (LCL) in different proportions in mucoadhesive films on their in vitro permeation and retention through porcine esophageal mucosa was studied. Complementarily, the permeation and retention of isolated LCL was investigated. The in vitro model used for evaluating buccal anesthetic penetration and retention in buccal epithelium was validated. In addition, the feasibility of a novel in vivo model to evaluate the painful sensation due to puncture "needle-shaped" gum jaw of adults at shallow and deep levels was demonstrated. The in vivo clinical survey revealed the efficiency of the films, which had onset of anesthesia at 5min, peak of anesthetic effect within 15 and 25min and anesthesia duration of 50min after being placed in maxillary sites. The in vitro drug flux, permeability coefficient and retention in the epithelium significantly correlated with in vivo onset, peak and extent of shallow and deep anesthetic effect. At shallow level, the permeation of LCL has shown to be closely related to the onset of anesthesia, while the penetration of PCL has a significant impact in the peak of anesthetic effect. Concerning the deep level, the penetration of PCL is required to attain the onset of anesthetic effect. The total amount of drug retained in the epithelium showed to modulate the extent of both shallow and deep anesthesia. Thus, the combination of LCL and PCL in mucoadhesive films may offer dentists and their patients a safe improvement for pain management during dental procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renê Oliveira do Couto
- The State University of Londrina, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Camila Cubayachi
- University of São Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Linares Calefi
- University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Vinícius Pedrazzi
- University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Osvaldo de Freitas
- University of São Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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18
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Jang YJ, Lee JH, Seo TB, Oh SH. Lidocaine/multivalent ion complex as a potential strategy for prolonged local anesthesia. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 115:113-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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19
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Klemetsrud T, Kjøniksen AL, Hiorth M, Jacobsen J, Smistad G. Polymer coated liposomes for use in the oral cavity - a study of the in vitro toxicity, effect on cell permeability and interaction with mucin. J Liposome Res 2016; 28:62-73. [PMID: 27809639 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2016.1255640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the in vitro toxicity, impact on cell permeability and mucoadhesive potential of polymer-coated liposomes intended for use in the oral cavity. A TR146 cell line was used as a model. The overall aim was to end up with a selection of safe polymer coated liposomes with promising mucoadhesive properties for drug delivery to the oral cavity. The following polymers were tested: chitosan, low-methoxylated pectin (LM-pectin), high-methoxylated pectin (HM-pectin), amidated pectin (AM-pectin), Eudragit, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-methacrylic acid) (p(NIPAAM-co-MAA)), hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose (HM-HEC), and hydrophobically modified ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (HM-EHEC). With chitosan as an exception, all the systems exhibited no significant effect on cell viability and permeability at the considered concentrations. Additionally, all the formulations showed to a varying degree an interaction with mucin (BSM type I-S); the positively charged formulations exhibited the strongest interaction, while the negatively and neutrally charged formulations displayed a moderate or low interaction. The ability to interact with mucin makes all the liposomal formulations promising for oromucosal administration. Although the chitosan-coated liposomes affected the cell viability, this formulation also influenced the cell permeability, which makes it an interesting candidate for systemic drug delivery from the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Klemetsrud
- a Department of Pharmacy , School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo , Blindern , Oslo , Norway
| | - Anna-Lena Kjøniksen
- b Faculty of Engineering , Østfold University College , Halden , Norway , and
| | - Marianne Hiorth
- a Department of Pharmacy , School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo , Blindern , Oslo , Norway
| | - Jette Jacobsen
- c Section for Pharmaceutical Design and Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Gro Smistad
- a Department of Pharmacy , School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo , Blindern , Oslo , Norway
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20
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Franz-Montan M, Ribeiro LNDM, Volpato MC, Cereda CMS, Groppo FC, Tofoli GR, de Araújo DR, Santi P, Padula C, de Paula E. Recent advances and perspectives in topical oral anesthesia. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:673-684. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1227784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Kumria R, Nair AB, Al-Dhubiab BE. Loratidine buccal films for allergic rhinitis: development and evaluation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 40:625-31. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.884125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Formulation and in vitro evaluation of xanthan gum-based bilayered mucoadhesive buccal patches of zolmitriptan. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 101:1234-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Preis M, Woertz C, Schneider K, Kukawka J, Broscheit J, Roewer N, Breitkreutz J. Design and evaluation of bilayered buccal film preparations for local administration of lidocaine hydrochloride. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 86:552-61. [PMID: 24388912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bilayered oromucosal film preparations (buccal films) offer a promising way to enable drug administration via the oral cavity. Adding a non-soluble or slowly eroding/dissolving backing layer to a mucoadhesive drug-loaded layer enables unidirectional drug delivery. The aim of this study was to investigate different approaches to the manufacture of bilayered films and to examine their properties by applying different characterization methods including an optimized experimental setup for the study of drug release from bilayered films. A solvent suitability study was performed screening over 15 polymers with respect to their feasibility for viscous film formation for film preparation by solvent casting method. Two methods (double-casting and pasting) were found as suitable methods for bilayered film manufacturing. Results from drug release experiments indicated that slowly eroding hypromellose backing layer films revealed the best shielding of the drug-loaded layer to enable unidirectional drug release. In summary, manufacturing of bilayered films using the described methods was feasible. Furthermore, the use of an optimized experimental setup for drug dissolution studies enabled monitoring of drug release without delays in sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Preis
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Sapiotec GmbH, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Christina Woertz
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Schneider
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jennifer Kukawka
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens Broscheit
- Sapiotec GmbH, Würzburg, Germany; University of Würzburg, Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Roewer
- Sapiotec GmbH, Würzburg, Germany; University of Würzburg, Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Breitkreutz
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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24
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Woertz C, Preis M, Breitkreutz J, Kleinebudde P. Assessment of test methods evaluating mucoadhesive polymers and dosage forms: An overview. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 85:843-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Meher JG, Tarai M, Yadav NP, Patnaik A, Mishra P, Yadav KS. Development and characterization of cellulose–polymethacrylate mucoadhesive film for buccal delivery of carvedilol. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 96:172-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Cavallari C, Fini A, Ospitali F. Mucoadhesive multiparticulate patch for the intrabuccal controlled delivery of lidocaine. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 83:405-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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El-Malah Y, Nazzal S. “Real-time” disintegration analysis and D-optimal experimental design for the optimization of diclofenac sodium fast-dissolving films. Pharm Dev Technol 2012; 18:1355-60. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2012.700936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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28
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New formulations of local anaesthetics-part I. Anesthesiol Res Pract 2011; 2012:546409. [PMID: 22190922 PMCID: PMC3235423 DOI: 10.1155/2012/546409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Part 1 comments on the types of local anaesthetics (LAs); it provides a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of LAs, and their pharmacokinetics and toxicity. It reviews the newer LAs such as levobupivacaine, ropivacaine, and articaine, and examines the newer structurally different LAs. The addition of adjuvants such as adrenaline, bicarbonate, clonidine, and corticosteroids is explored. Comment is made on the delivery of topical LAs via bioadhesive plasters and gels and controlled-release local anaesthetic matrices. Encapulation matrices such as liposomes, microemulsions, microspheres and nanospheres, hydrogels and liquid polymers are discussed as well. New innovations pertaining to LA formulations have indeed led to prolonged action and to novel delivery approaches.
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29
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Abu-Huwaij R, Obaidat RM, Sweidan K, Al-Hiari Y. Formulation and in vitro evaluation of xanthan gum or carbopol 934-based mucoadhesive patches, loaded with nicotine. AAPS PharmSciTech 2011; 12:21-7. [PMID: 21161460 PMCID: PMC3066338 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-010-9534-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilayer nicotine mucoadhesive patches were prepared and evaluated to determine the feasibility of the formulation as a nicotine replacement product to aid in smoking cessation. Nicotine patches were prepared using xanthan gum or carbopol 934 as a mucoadhesive polymers and ethyl cellulose as a backing layer. The patches were evaluated for their thickness, weight and content uniformity, swelling behavior, drug-polymers interaction, adhesive properties, and drug release. The physicochemical interactions between nicotine and the polymers were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Mucoadhesion was assessed using two-arm balance method, and the in vitro release was studied using the Franz cell. FTIR revealed that there was an acid base interaction between nicotine and carbopol as well as nicotine and xanthan. Interestingly, the mucoadhesion and in vitro release studies indicated that this interaction was strong between the drug and carbopol whereas it was weak between the drug and xanthan. Loading nicotine concentration to non-medicated patches showed a significant decrease in the mucoadhesion strength of carbopol patches and no significant effect on the mucoadhesion strength of xanthan patches. In vitro release studies of the xanthan patches showed a reasonable fast initial release profile followed by controlled drug release over a 10-h period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rana M. Obaidat
- />Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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30
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Obaidat RM, Bader A, Al-Rajab W, Abu Sheikha G, Obaidat AA. Preparation of mucoadhesive oral patches containing tetracycline hydrochloride and carvacrol for treatment of local mouth bacterial infections and candidiasis. Sci Pharm 2011; 79:197-212. [PMID: 21617783 PMCID: PMC3097507 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1004-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific aim of this work was to prepare mucoadhesive patches containing tetracycline hydrochloride and carvacrol in an attempt to develop a novel oral drug delivery system for the treatment of mouth infections. The bilayered patches were prepared using ethyl cellulose as a backing layer and carbopol 934 as a matrix mucoadhesive layer. Patches were prepared with different loading amounts of tetracycline hydrochloride and carvacrol. The antimicrobial activity was assessed for the prepared patches using the disc-diffusion method against the yeast Candida albicans and five bacterial strains, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus bronchispti. In this work, we highlighted the possibility of occurrence of a synergistic action between carvacrol and tetracycline. The best formulation was selected based on microbiological tests, drug release, ex-vivo mucoadhesive performance, and swelling index. Physical characteristics of the selected formulations were determined. These included pH, patch thickness, weight uniformity, content uniformity, folding endurance, and patch stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana M Obaidat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
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31
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Morales JO, McConville JT. Manufacture and characterization of mucoadhesive buccal films. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2010; 77:187-99. [PMID: 21130875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The buccal route of administration has a number of advantages including bypassing the gastrointestinal tract and the hepatic first pass effect. Mucoadhesive films are retentive dosage forms and release drug directly into a biological substrate. Furthermore, films have improved patient compliance due to their small size and reduced thickness, compared for example to lozenges and tablets. The development of mucoadhesive buccal films has increased dramatically over the past decade because it is a promising delivery alternative to various therapeutic classes including peptides, vaccines, and nanoparticles. The "film casting process" involves casting of aqueous solutions and/or organic solvents to yield films suitable for this administration route. Over the last decade, hot-melt extrusion has been explored as an alternative manufacturing process and has yielded promising results. Characterization of critical properties such as the mucoadhesive strength, drug content uniformity, and permeation rate represent the major research areas in the design of buccal films. This review will consider the literature that describes the manufacture and characterization of mucoadhesive buccal films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier O Morales
- College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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32
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Site-specific drug delivery systems within the gastro-intestinal tract: From the mouth to the colon. Int J Pharm 2010; 395:44-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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33
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Ghosh S, Roy G, Mukherjee B. Dental mold: a novel formulation to treat common dental disorders. AAPS PharmSciTech 2009; 10:692-702. [PMID: 19466555 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-009-9255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral administration of antibiotics to treat dental problems mostly yields slow actions due to slow onset and hepatic "first-pass." Again, commonly used dental paints are generally washed out by saliva within few hours of application. To overcome the challenges, polymeric molds to be placed on an affected tooth (during carries and gum problems) were prepared and evaluated in vitro for sustained drug release for prolonged local action. Here, amoxicillin trihydrate and lidocaine hydrochloride were used as model drugs. Dental molds were prepared using corn zein, carbopol 934 P, gum karaya powder, and poloxamer 407 by mixing and solvent evaporation technique. Different physicochemical evaluation studies such as tooth adhesion test, surface pH, swelling index, and drug-distribution pattern were carried out. Percentage swelling varied from 56% to 93%. Average tooth adhesion strength and mean initial surface pH of the formulations were 50 g and 6.5, respectively. As assessed by scanning electron microscopy, drug distribution was uniform throughout the matrix. Cumulative percentage release of lidocaine hydrochloride and amoxicillin trihydrate in simulated saliva were 98% and 50%, respectively. In vitro drug-release studies revealed the sustained-release patterns of the drugs in simulated saliva at least for 24 h. The stability study shows that the drugs were stable in the formulations following the conditions as per ICH guideline. The formulation is a novel approach to deliver the drug(s) for a prolonged period for local action upon its application on an affected tooth.
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