1
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Kawaguchi M, Matsumoto K, Yoshitomi J, Otake H, Sato K, Taga A, Sasabe T, Nobuhara K, Matsubara A, Nagai N. Poly(oxyethylene)/Poly(oxypropylene) butyl ether prolongs the repellent effect of N,N-diethyl-3-toluamide on the skin. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292447. [PMID: 37788278 PMCID: PMC10547171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) is a widely used insect repellent, with minimal skin permeation and sustained repellent activity in the superficial layers of the skin. In this study, we prepared a 10% DEET formulation consisting of 40% ethanol with or without 2% poly(oxyethylene)/poly(oxypropylene) butyl ether (POE-POP), an amphiphilic random copolymer. Further, we demonstrated the effects of POE-POP on tensile stress (stickiness), hydrophobicity, skin retention, permeation, and repellent activity of DEET. Stickiness was measured in male ICR mice (7-week old), and skin retention and permeation were evaluated in male Wistar rats (7-week old). In addition, female Aedes albopictus were used to measure the repellent action of DEET. The addition of POE-POP did not affect stickiness, volatility, and degradability but decreased logP and increased viscosity of DEET. Next, we demonstrated the behavior of DEET formulations in the rat skin. POE-POP prolonged the retention of DEET in the superficial layers of the rat skin (skin surface and stratum corneum) and decreased the penetration of DEET into rat skin tissues (epithelium and dermis). The repellent effect of DEET was also enhanced by the addition of POE-POP. However, severe skin damage was not observed after repetitive treatment with DEET formulations containing POE-POP for one month (twice a day). In conclusion, we demonstrated that a 10% DEET formulation consisting of 40% ethanol and 2% POE-POP attenuated the skin penetration and prolonged the repellent action of DEET without causing stickiness and skin damage. We conclude that the combination of ethanol and POE-POP is useful as a safe and effective delivery system for the development of insect repellent formulations containing DEET.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kana Matsumoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Joji Yoshitomi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Otake
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kanta Sato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Taga
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Noriaki Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
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2
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Almeida AR, Oliveira ND, Pinheiro FASD, Morais WAD, Ferreira LDS. Challenges encountered by natural repellents: Since obtaining until the final product. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 195:105538. [PMID: 37666610 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases, particularly the arboviruses dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever caused by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, have been driving the use of repellents worldwide. The most representative synthetic repellent, DEET stands out as the market's oldest and most efficient repellent. It is considered a reference standard but presents considerable toxicity, not recommended for children up to 6 months old and pregnant women. For this reason, alternatives have been sought, and natural repellents derived mainly from essential oils have been studied, highlighting the essential oils of lemon (Corymbia citriodora), citronella (Cympobogon sp.), Andiroba (Carapa guianensis). However, the development and commercialization of products containing natural repellents are significantly lower when compared to DEET and other synthetic repellents. In order to understand the reasons, aspects related to safety, mechanism of action, efficacy as well development and complexity of the products were evaluated. It is concluded that, as for safety, there is lacking information in the literature regarding the effects on non-target organisms and robust toxicity data. The mechanism of action is based on theories, with less information on the exact mode of action, molecular targets, and interaction with the olfactory and taste receptors of insects. Despite being a current trend to search for actives from natural sources highly present in essential oils, however they reduced action time because due to rapid evaporation after application to the skin, thus requiring repellent vehicles. The development and complexity related to these products bring challenging aspects, beginning on the plant cultivation and extraction processes to produce essential oils with a more homogeneous chemical composition towards the formulation stabilization processes due to fast evaporation and short action time, with the use of pharmaceutical technology such as encapsulation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addison Ribeiro Almeida
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratório de Farmacotécnica, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Quality Control of Medicines (LCQMed), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | - Nicolas Dantas Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratório de Farmacotécnica, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Quality Control of Medicines (LCQMed), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Waldenice Alencar de Morais
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratório de Farmacotécnica, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | - Leandro De Santis Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Quality Control of Medicines (LCQMed), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
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3
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Santos PA, Silva MRMDA, Tavares M, Ricci-Junior E. Microencapsulation of DEET in Solid Lipid Microparticles: production, characterization and safety evaluation. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20211166. [PMID: 36074427 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220211166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DEET is considered the gold standard for insect repellent products. However, it behaves as a strong skin permeant. DEET was encapsulated in Solid Lipid Microparticles (SLM) and characterized in terms of morphology, particle size, cytotoxicity and ex vivo permeation. The particles exhibited micrometric size with a spherical shape. In addition, we developed and validated an analytical method for DEET quantification by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which was selective, linear, precise, accurate and robust. The toxicity test in cell culture of keratinocytes, fibroblasts and macrophages showed that the formulation did not present cytotoxicity. The SLM were able to decrease the skin permeation of DEET in relation to the free active in ethanol with gain in the safe. Microparticles were able to increase the skin retention of DEET, which can contribute to extend the time of repellent action. The results showed that Solid Lipid Microparticles are safe and promising topical formulation to insect bite prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A Santos
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico, Faculdade de Farmácia, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-901 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Márcio R M DA Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico, Faculdade de Farmácia, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-901 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Melanie Tavares
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico, Faculdade de Farmácia, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-901 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ricci-Junior
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico, Faculdade de Farmácia, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-901 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Shah JA, Vendl T, Aulicky R, Frankova M, Stejskal V. Gel Carriers for Plant Extracts and Synthetic Pesticides in Rodent and Arthropod Pest Control: An Overview. Gels 2022; 8:gels8080522. [PMID: 36005123 PMCID: PMC9407565 DOI: 10.3390/gels8080522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Insecticides and rodenticides form the basis of integrated pest management systems worldwide. As pest resistance continues to increase and entire groups of chemical active ingredients are restricted or banned, manufacturers are looking for new options for more effective formulations and safer application methods for the remaining pesticide ingredients. In addition to new technological adaptations of mainstream formulations in the form of sprays, fumigants, and dusts, the use of gel formulations is becoming increasingly explored and employed. This article summarizes information on the current and potential use of gel (including hydrogel) and paste formulations against harmful arthropods or rodents in specific branches of pest management in the agricultural, food, stored product, structural wood, urban, medical, and public health areas. Due to the worldwide high interest in natural substances, part of the review was devoted to the use of gels for the formulation of pesticide substances of botanical origin, such as essential or edible oils. Gels as emerging formulation of so called “smart insecticides” based on molecular iRNA disruptors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Ali Shah
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Vendl
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, 16106 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (T.V.); (V.S.); Tel.: +420-2-3302-2360 (T.V.); +420-2-3302-2217 (V.S.)
| | - Radek Aulicky
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, 16106 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Frankova
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, 16106 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Stejskal
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, 16106 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (T.V.); (V.S.); Tel.: +420-2-3302-2360 (T.V.); +420-2-3302-2217 (V.S.)
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Li ZN, Zhang YX, Zhang ZA, Pan LH, Li P, Xu Y, Sheng S, Wu FA, Wang J. Microfluidic preparation of a novel phoxim nanoemulsion pesticide against Spodoptera litura. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:59653-59665. [PMID: 35394625 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With continuous development of pesticide dosage forms, emulsifiable concentrates using large amounts of organic solvents are gradually obsoleted. Nanoemulsions with high water content have been developed and the preparation processes also evolved, but these processes still exist some problems, such as poor controllability and high energy consumption. Microfluidic is a controllable nanoemulsion preparation system which mainly applied to pharmaceutical synthesis. In this study, the pesticide phoxim nanoemulsion was prepared by microfluidic technology. The optimized formulation of phoxim nanoemulsion was composed of Tween 80 and pesticide emulsifier 500 as surfactant, hexyl acetate as oil, and n-propanol as co-surfactant. Moreover, when the flow rates of water and oil in the microfluidic system were adjusted to 5 μL/min and 20 μL/min, phoxim nanoemulsion was obtained with a cloud point/boiling point of 109 °C, a particle size of 21.5 ± 0.8 nm and a potential value of - 18.7 ± 0.6 mV. Furthermore, the nanoemulsion had a rapid release effect in vitro which could be fitted by the Ritger-Peppas model. The feeding toxicity of the phoxim nanoemulsion was higher than that of commercial formulation while the contact killing effect was higher than that of the active ingredient. Therefore, pesticide dosage was reduced and the insecticidal effect was enhanced by using phoxim nanoemulsions. These results also confirm the potential of microfluidics as a green process to produce pesticide nanoemulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Nan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian-Han Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Sheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-An Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Nagai N, Kawaguchi M, Minami M, Matsumoto K, Sasabe T, Nobuhara K, Matsubara A. N, N-Diethyl-3-toluamide Formulation Based on Ethanol Containing 0.1% 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin Attenuates the Drug's Skin Penetration and Prolongs the Repellent Effect without Stickiness. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103174. [PMID: 35630650 PMCID: PMC9146378 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
N,N-diethyl-3-toluamide (DEET) is one of the most widely used insect repellents in the world. It was reported that a solution containing 6-30% cyclodextrin (CD) as a solvent instead of ethanol (EtOH) provided an enhancement of the repellent action time duration of the DEET formulation, although the high-dose CD caused stickiness. In order to overcome this shortcoming, we attempted to prepare a 10% DEET formulation using EtOH containing low-dose CDs (β-CD, 2-hydroxypropyl-β-CD (HPβCD), methyl-β-CD, and sulfobutylether-β-CD) as solvents (DEET/EtOH/CD formulations). We determined the CD concentration to be 0.1% in the DEET/EtOH/CD formulations, since the stickiness of 0.1% CDs was not felt (approximately 8 × 10-3 N). The DEET residue on the skin superficial layers was prolonged, and the drug penetration into the skin tissue was decreased by the addition of 0.1% CD. In particular, the retention time and attenuated penetration of DEET on the rat skin treated with the DEET/EtOH/HPβCD formulation was significantly higher in comparison with that of the DEET/EtOH formulation without CD. Moreover, the repellent effect of DEET was more sustained by the addition of 0.1% HPβCD in the study using Aedes albopictus. In conclusion, we found that the DEET/EtOH/HPβCD formulations reduced the skin penetration of DEET and prolonged the repellent action without stickiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-4307-3638
| | - Mayu Kawaguchi
- Earth Corporation, 3218-12 Sakoshi, Ako 678-0192, Japan; (M.K.); (M.M.); (T.S.); (K.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Misa Minami
- Earth Corporation, 3218-12 Sakoshi, Ako 678-0192, Japan; (M.K.); (M.M.); (T.S.); (K.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Kana Matsumoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan;
| | - Tatsuji Sasabe
- Earth Corporation, 3218-12 Sakoshi, Ako 678-0192, Japan; (M.K.); (M.M.); (T.S.); (K.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Kenji Nobuhara
- Earth Corporation, 3218-12 Sakoshi, Ako 678-0192, Japan; (M.K.); (M.M.); (T.S.); (K.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Akira Matsubara
- Earth Corporation, 3218-12 Sakoshi, Ako 678-0192, Japan; (M.K.); (M.M.); (T.S.); (K.N.); (A.M.)
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7
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Pena GA, da Costa Lopes AS, de Morais SHS, do Nascimento LD, dos Santos FRR, da Costa KS, Alves CN, Lameira J. Host-Guest Inclusion Complexes of Natural Products and Nanosystems: Applications in the Development of Repellents. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27082519. [PMID: 35458718 PMCID: PMC9028570 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Repellents are compounds that prevent direct contact between the hosts and the arthropods that are vectors of diseases. Several studies have described the repellent activities of natural compounds obtained from essential oils. In addition, these chemical constituents have been pointed out as alternatives to conventional synthetic repellents due to their interesting residual protection and low toxicity to the environment. However, these compounds have been reported with short shelf life, in part, due to their volatile nature. Nanoencapsulation provides protection, stability, conservation, and controlled release for several compounds. Here, we review the most commonly used polymeric/lipid nanosystems applied in the encapsulation of small organic molecules obtained from essential oils that possess repellent activity, and we also explore the theoretical aspects related to the intermolecular interactions, thermal stability, and controlled release of the nanoencapsulated bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gueive Astur Pena
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Correa Street, w/n, Guamá, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (G.A.P.); (C.N.A.)
| | - Anna Sylmara da Costa Lopes
- Laboratório de Catalálise e Oleoquímica, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Correa Street, w/n, Guamá, Belém 66075-110, Brazil;
| | - Sylvano Heleno Salgado de Morais
- Laboratório de Química Analítica e Ambiental, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Correa Street, w/n, Guamá, Belém 66075-110, Brazil;
| | - Lidiane Diniz do Nascimento
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Laboratório Adolpho Ducke, Perimetral Avenue, Nuber 1901, Belém 66077-830, Brazil;
| | | | - Kauê Santana da Costa
- Laboratório de Simulação Computacional, Instituto de Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Vera Paz Street, w/n Salé, Santarém 68040-255, Brazil
- Correspondence: (K.S.d.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Cláudio Nahum Alves
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Correa Street, w/n, Guamá, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (G.A.P.); (C.N.A.)
| | - Jerônimo Lameira
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Correa Street, w/n, Guamá, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (G.A.P.); (C.N.A.)
- Correspondence: (K.S.d.C.); (J.L.)
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8
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Batista JVDC, Matos APS, Oliveria AP, Ricci Júnior E, Freitas ZM, Oliveira CA, Toma HK, Capella MAM, Rocha LM, Weissenstein U, Baumgartner S, Holandino C. Thermoresponsive Hydrogel Containing Viscum album Extract for Topic and Transdermal Use: Development, Stability and Cytotoxicity Activity. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:pharmaceutics14010037. [PMID: 35056932 PMCID: PMC8780802 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Viscum album L. (Santalaceae), also known as European mistletoe, is a semi-parasitic plant that grows on different host trees. Our group recently demonstrated the antitumoral activity of ethanolic V. album extracts in vitro, depending on the dose and the host tree, V. album ssp abietis from Abies alba being the most active extract. The goal of this work focused on the development of a new topical formulation containing V. album extracts, evaluation of in vitro toxicity and ex vivo skin permeation assays. The Poloxamer 407 hydrogel containing 5% of dry (VA_DEH) or aqueous (VA_AEH) extract presented dermal compatible pH and microbiological stability for 180 days. The hydrogels flow curve presented a non-linear relation, characteristic of non-Newtonian fluids, and the mean viscosity for the VA_DEH and VA_AEH was 372.5 ± 7.78 and 331.0 ± 2.83 Pa.s, respectively, being statistically different (Welch’s t test; p < 0.01). Additionally, WST-1 in vitro assays revealed a dose-dependent toxicity for both formulations and VA_DEH presented a higher activity than the VA_AEH. The promising cytotoxic potential of VA_DEH lead to the ex vivo skin permeation assay with 2.73 ± 0.19 µg/cm2 of chlorogenic acid, which permeated at 8 h, showing a transdermal potential. These in vitro results support the idea that VA_DEH is a novel promising candidate for mistletoe therapy. Therefore, further in vivo and pre-clinical experiments should be performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this new dermic delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- João V. D. C. Batista
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (J.V.D.C.B.); (A.P.O.)
- Hiscia Institute, Society for Cancer Research, 4144 Arlesheim, Switzerland;
| | - Ana Paula S. Matos
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (A.P.S.M.); (E.R.J.); (Z.M.F.)
| | - Adriana P. Oliveria
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (J.V.D.C.B.); (A.P.O.)
| | - Eduardo Ricci Júnior
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (A.P.S.M.); (E.R.J.); (Z.M.F.)
| | - Zaida M. Freitas
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (A.P.S.M.); (E.R.J.); (Z.M.F.)
| | - Catarina A. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Alimentos, Instituto Federal de Educacão, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20270-021, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Helena K. Toma
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular e Hematologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Marcia A. M. Capella
- LaRBio Carlos Chagas Filho, Biophysics Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Leandro M. Rocha
- Laboratório de Tecnologia de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi 24241-000, RJ, Brazil;
| | | | - Stephan Baumgartner
- Hiscia Institute, Society for Cancer Research, 4144 Arlesheim, Switzerland;
- Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Institute for Integrative Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke, 58455 Herdecke, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (C.H.)
| | - Carla Holandino
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (J.V.D.C.B.); (A.P.O.)
- Hiscia Institute, Society for Cancer Research, 4144 Arlesheim, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (C.H.)
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9
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Mapossa AB, Focke WW, Tewo RK, Androsch R, Kruger T. Mosquito-repellent controlled-release formulations for fighting infectious diseases. Malar J 2021; 20:165. [PMID: 33761967 PMCID: PMC7988998 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03681-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a principal cause of illness and death in countries where the disease is endemic. Personal protection against mosquitoes using repellents could be a useful method that can reduce and/or prevent transmission of mosquito-borne diseases. The available repellent products, such as creams, roll-ons, and sprays for personal protection against mosquitoes, lack adequate long-term efficacy. In most cases, they need to be re-applied or replaced frequently. The encapsulation and release of the repellents from several matrices has risen as an alternative process for the development of invention of repellent based systems. The present work reviews various studies about the development and use of repellent controlled-release formulations such as polymer microcapsules, polymer microporous formulations, polymer micelles, nanoemulsions, solid-lipid nanoparticles, liposomes and cyclodextrins as new tools for mosquito-borne malaria control in the outdoor environment. Furthermore, investigation on the mathematical modelling used for the release rate of repellents is discussed in depth by exploring the Higuchi, Korsmeyer-Peppas, Weibull models, as well as the recently developed Mapossa model. Therefore, the studies searched suggest that the final repellents based-product should not only be effective against mosquito vectors of malaria parasites, but also reduce the biting frequency of other mosquitoes transmitting diseases, such as dengue fever, chikungunya, yellow fever and Zika virus. In this way, they will contribute to the improvement in overall public health and social well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- António B Mapossa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Applied Materials , University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria, South Africa.
- UP Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control & MRC Collaborating Centre for Malaria Research, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Walter W Focke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Applied Materials , University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria, South Africa
- UP Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control & MRC Collaborating Centre for Malaria Research, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Robert K Tewo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vaal University of Technology, Private Bag X021, 1911, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - René Androsch
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer-oriented Research in Natural Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Taneshka Kruger
- UP Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control & MRC Collaborating Centre for Malaria Research, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
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Daza LM, Percebom AM, Pérez-Gramatges A. Polymer-coated cationic silica nanoparticles for slow-release Pickering emulsions. Colloid Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04639-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Campos EVR, de Oliveira JL, Abrantes DC, Rogério CB, Bueno C, Miranda VR, Monteiro RA, Fraceto LF. Recent Developments in Nanotechnology for Detection and Control of Aedes aegypti-Borne Diseases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:102. [PMID: 32154233 PMCID: PMC7047929 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses such as yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya and zika are transmitted mainly by the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti. Especially in the tropics, inefficacy of mosquito control causes arboviruses outbreaks every year, affecting the general population with debilitating effects in infected individuals. Several strategies have been tried to control the proliferation of A. aegypti using physical, biological, and chemical control measures. Other methods are currently under research and development, amongst which the use of nanotechnology has attracted a lot of attention of the researchers in relation to the production of more effective repellents and larvicides with less toxicity, and development of rapid sensors for the detection of virus infections. In this review, the utilization of nano-based formulations on control and diagnosis of mosquito-borne diseases were discussed. We also emphasizes the need for future research for broad commercialization of nano-based formulations in world market aiming a positive impact on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carolina Bueno
- São Paulo State University—UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, Sorocaba, Brazil
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Green Micro- and Nanoemulsions for Managing Parasites, Vectors and Pests. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9091285. [PMID: 31505756 PMCID: PMC6781030 DOI: 10.3390/nano9091285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The management of parasites, insect pests and vectors requests development of novel, effective and eco-friendly tools. The development of resistance towards many drugs and pesticides pushed scientists to look for novel bioactive compounds endowed with multiple modes of action, and with no risk to human health and environment. Several natural products are used as alternative/complementary approaches to manage parasites, insect pests and vectors due to their high efficacy and often limited non-target toxicity. Their encapsulation into nanosystems helps overcome some hurdles related to their physicochemical properties, for instance limited stability and handling, enhancing the overall efficacy. Among different nanosystems, micro- and nanoemulsions are easy-to-use systems in terms of preparation and industrial scale-up. Different reports support their efficacy against parasites of medical importance, including Leishmania, Plasmodium and Trypanosoma as well as agricultural and stored product insect pests and vectors of human diseases, such as Aedes and Culex mosquitoes. Overall, micro- and nanoemulsions are valid options for developing promising eco-friendly tools in pest and vector management, pending proper field validation. Future research on the improvement of technical aspects as well as chronic toxicity experiments on non-target species is needed.
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Oliveira CA, Gouvêa MM, Antunes GR, Freitas ZMFD, Marques FFDC, Ricci-Junior E. Nanoemulsion containing 8-methoxypsoralen for topical treatment of dermatoses: Development, characterization and ex vivo permeation in porcine skin. Int J Pharm 2018; 547:1-9. [PMID: 29800737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Oral therapy with 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) may cause major side effects, whereas the topical treatment might not be much effective due to the low penetration induced by typical formulations. Therefore, the objectives of this work are the development and characterization of a nanoemulsion (NE) containing 8-MOP together with an ex vivo permeation study, monitored by a validated HPLC-Fluo method, to determine the amount of drug retained in viable skin (epidermis (E) and dermis (D)) and in stratum corneum (SC). The optimized conditions for NE formulation were achieved by full factorial designs (25 and 32): 60 s and 60% of ultrasound time and potency, respectively; 10 mL of final volume; 2% v/v of oil phase (clove essential oil); and 10% m/v of Poloxamer 407. The NE showed mean droplet diameter of 24.98 ± 0.49 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.091 ± 0.23, pH values of 6.54 ± 0.06, refractive index of 1.3525 ± 0.0001 and apparent viscosity of 51.15 ± 3.66 mPa at 20 °C. Droplets with nanospherical diameters were also observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Ex vivo permeation study showed that 8.5% of the applied 8-MOP dose permeated through the biological membranes, with flux (J) of 1.35 μg cm-2 h-1. The drug retention in E + D and in SC was 10.15 ± 1.36 and 1.95 ± 0.71 µg cm-2, respectively. Retention in viable skin induced by the NE was almost two-fold higher than a compounded cream (5.04 ± 0.30 μg cm-2). These results suggested that the developed NE is a promising alternative for 8-MOP topical therapy when compared to commercial formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Amorim Oliveira
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro - Campus Rio de Janeiro, 20270-021 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcos Martins Gouvêa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry - Institute of Chemistry, Fluminense Federal University, 24020-141 Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Ramos Antunes
- Department of Analytical Chemistry - Institute of Chemistry, Fluminense Federal University, 24020-141 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Zaida Maria Faria de Freitas
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Ricci-Junior
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, RJ, Brazil
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Tavares M, da Silva MRM, de Oliveira de Siqueira LB, Rodrigues RAS, Bodjolle-d'Almeida L, Dos Santos EP, Ricci-Júnior E. Trends in insect repellent formulations: A review. Int J Pharm 2018; 539:190-209. [PMID: 29410208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of natural and synthetic repellents, marketed in different pharmaceutical forms, is growing in the world due to the emerging vector-borne viral diseases as Dengue, Zika, Chikungunya, Yellow Fever and Malaria. The choice of the ideal formulation will depend on a series of factors to be analyzed: type of repellent active (natural or synthetic), pharmaceutical forms (spray, lotion, cream, gel), action time duration (short or long), environment of exposure and the user (adult, pregnant women, children, newborn). The most used repellents are DEET, IR3535 (Ethyl Butylacetylaminopropionate) (EB), Icaridin (Picaridin) and essential oils, each of them presenting advantages and disadvantages. DEET is the oldest and the most powerful repellent available in the market, thus being the reference standard. For this reason, there are many classic formulations available in the market containing the chemical component DEET in spray forms and lotions. However, due to its toxicity, DEET is not recommended for children up to 6 months and pregnant women. DEET has been an option along with other market-shared products as IR3535 and Icaridin (Picaridin), which present less toxicity in their composition. IR3535 is the less toxic and may be prescribed for children over 6 months of age and pregnant women so that they have been the best option because of the lower toxicity levels presented. IR3535 is the one that has the lowest toxicity level among the three options and may be prescribed for children above 6 months of age and pregnant women. Icaridin is as potent as DEET, but less toxic, and has the advantage of having the long-lasting action among the aforementioned repellents. The new formulations have been based on controlled release systems (CRS). The CRSs for repellents comprise polymer micro/nanocapsules, micro/solid lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions/microemulsions, liposomes/niosomes, nanostructured hydrogels and cyclodextrins. There are many formulations based on micro and nanocapsules containing DEET and essential oils to increase repellent action time duration and decrease permeation and consequently, systemic toxicity. The development of new formulations for the IR3535 and Icaridin is a research field yet to be explored. The current trend is the use of natural repellent actives such as essential oils, which present low toxicity, do not harm the environment, but present reduced repellent action time due to rapid evaporation after skin application. CRSs have been used as vehicle of natural repellents to improve long-lasting repellent action, reduce skin permeation and systemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Tavares
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicines, Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico (LADEG), Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil.
| | - Márcio Robert Mattos da Silva
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicines, Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico (LADEG), Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Luciana Betzler de Oliveira de Siqueira
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicines, Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico (LADEG), Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Raphaela Aparecida Schuenck Rodrigues
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicines, Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico (LADEG), Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
| | | | - Elisabete Pereira Dos Santos
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicines, Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico (LADEG), Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ricci-Júnior
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicines, Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico (LADEG), Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
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Pinto IC, Cerqueira-Coutinho C, Freitas ZMFD, Santos EPD, Carmo FAD, Ricci Junior E. Development and validation of an analytical method using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to determine ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate in topical repellent formulations. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902017000216033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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