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Bayoumi M, Youshia J, Arafa MG, Nasr M, Sammour OA. Nanocarriers for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme: A succinct review of conventional and repositioned drugs in the last decade. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024:e2400343. [PMID: 39074966 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is a very combative and threatening type of cancer. The standard course of treatment involves excising the tumor surgically, then administering chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Because of the presence of the blood-brain barrier and the unique characteristics of the tumor microenvironment, chemotherapy is extremely difficult and has a high incidence of relapse. With their capacity to precisely target and transport therapeutic medications to the tumor while overcoming the challenges provided by invasive and infiltrative gliomas, nanocarriers offer a potentially beneficial treatment option for gliomas. Drug repositioning or, in other words, finding novel therapeutic uses for medications that have received approval for previous uses has also recently emerged to provide alternative treatments for many diseases, with glioblastoma being among them. In this article, our goal is to shed light on the pathogenesis of glioma and summarize the proposed treatment approaches in the last decade, highlighting how combining repositioned drugs and nanocarriers technology can reduce drug resistance and improve therapeutic efficacy in primary glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahitab Bayoumi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - John Youshia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona G Arafa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
- Chemotherapeutic Unit, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura, Egypt
- Nanotechnology Research Center, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omaima A Sammour
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Pashirova TN, Nemtarev AV, Buzyurova DN, Shaihutdinova ZM, Dimukhametov MN, Babaev VM, Voloshina AD, Mironov VF. Terpenes-Modified Lipid Nanosystems for Temozolomide, Improving Cytotoxicity against Glioblastoma Human Cancer Cells In Vitro. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 14:55. [PMID: 38202510 PMCID: PMC10780480 DOI: 10.3390/nano14010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Currently, increasing the efficiency of glioblastoma treatment is still an unsolved problem. In this study, a combination of promising approaches was proposed: (i) an application of nanotechnology approach to create a new terpene-modified lipid system (7% w/w), using soybean L-α-phosphatidylcholine, N-carbonyl-methoxypolyethylene glycol-2000)-1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine for delivery of the chemotherapy drug, temozolomide (TMZ, 1 mg/mL); (ii) use of TMZ associated with natural compounds-terpenes (1% w/w) abietic acid and Abies sibirica Ledeb. resin (A. sibirica). Different concentrations and combinations of terpene-lipid systems were employed to treat human cancer cell lines T 98G (glioblastoma), M-Hela (carcinoma of the cervix) and human liver cell lines (Chang liver). The terpene-lipid systems appeared to be unilamellar and of spherical shape under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The creation of a TMZ-loaded terpene-lipid nanosystem was about 100 nm in diameter with a negative surface charge found by dynamic light scattering. The 74% encapsulation efficiency allowed the release time of TMZ to be prolonged. The modification by terpenes of TMZ-loaded lipid nanoparticles improved by four times the cytotoxicity against human cancer T 98G cells and decreased the cytotoxicity against human normal liver cells. Terpene-modified delivery lipid systems are of potential interest as a combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana N. Pashirova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov St., 420088 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.N.); (D.N.B.); (Z.M.S.); (M.N.D.); (V.M.B.); (A.D.V.); (V.F.M.)
| | - Andrey V. Nemtarev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov St., 420088 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.N.); (D.N.B.); (Z.M.S.); (M.N.D.); (V.M.B.); (A.D.V.); (V.F.M.)
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Daina N. Buzyurova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov St., 420088 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.N.); (D.N.B.); (Z.M.S.); (M.N.D.); (V.M.B.); (A.D.V.); (V.F.M.)
| | - Zukhra M. Shaihutdinova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov St., 420088 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.N.); (D.N.B.); (Z.M.S.); (M.N.D.); (V.M.B.); (A.D.V.); (V.F.M.)
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Mudaris N. Dimukhametov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov St., 420088 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.N.); (D.N.B.); (Z.M.S.); (M.N.D.); (V.M.B.); (A.D.V.); (V.F.M.)
| | - Vasily M. Babaev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov St., 420088 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.N.); (D.N.B.); (Z.M.S.); (M.N.D.); (V.M.B.); (A.D.V.); (V.F.M.)
| | - Alexandra D. Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov St., 420088 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.N.); (D.N.B.); (Z.M.S.); (M.N.D.); (V.M.B.); (A.D.V.); (V.F.M.)
| | - Vladimir F. Mironov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov St., 420088 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.N.); (D.N.B.); (Z.M.S.); (M.N.D.); (V.M.B.); (A.D.V.); (V.F.M.)
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3
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Singh S, Barik D, Lawrie K, Mohapatra I, Prasad S, Naqvi AR, Singh A, Singh G. Unveiling Novel Avenues in mTOR-Targeted Therapeutics: Advancements in Glioblastoma Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14960. [PMID: 37834408 PMCID: PMC10573615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The mTOR signaling pathway plays a pivotal and intricate role in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma, driving tumorigenesis and proliferation. Mutations or deletions in the PTEN gene constitutively activate the mTOR pathway by expressing growth factors EGF and PDGF, which activate their respective receptor pathways (e.g., EGFR and PDGFR). The convergence of signaling pathways, such as the PI3K-AKT pathway, intensifies the effect of mTOR activity. The inhibition of mTOR has the potential to disrupt diverse oncogenic processes and improve patient outcomes. However, the complexity of the mTOR signaling, off-target effects, cytotoxicity, suboptimal pharmacokinetics, and drug resistance of the mTOR inhibitors pose ongoing challenges in effectively targeting glioblastoma. Identifying innovative treatment strategies to address these challenges is vital for advancing the field of glioblastoma therapeutics. This review discusses the potential targets of mTOR signaling and the strategies of target-specific mTOR inhibitor development, optimized drug delivery system, and the implementation of personalized treatment approaches to mitigate the complications of mTOR inhibitors. The exploration of precise mTOR-targeted therapies ultimately offers elevated therapeutic outcomes and the development of more effective strategies to combat the deadliest form of adult brain cancer and transform the landscape of glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Debashis Barik
- Center for Computational Natural Science and Bioinformatics, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad 500032, India
| | - Karl Lawrie
- College of Saint Benedict, Saint John’s University, Collegeville, MN 56321, USA
| | - Iteeshree Mohapatra
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Sujata Prasad
- MLM Medical Laboratories, LLC, Oakdale, MN 55128, USA
| | - Afsar R. Naqvi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Amar Singh
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Gatikrushna Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Yang J, Xu Y, Fu Z, Chen J, Fan W, Wu X. Progress in research and development of temozolomide brain-targeted preparations: a review. J Drug Target 2023; 31:119-133. [PMID: 36039767 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2119243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are a heterogeneous group of brain tumours with high malignancy, for which surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment at present. However, the overall prognosis of gliomas remains poor because of their aggressiveness and high recurrence. Temozolomide (TMZ) has anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects and is indicated for glioblastoma multiforme and recurrent mesenchymal astrocytoma. However, TMZ is disadvantaged by low efficacy and drug resistance, and therefore it is necessary to enhance the brain drug concentration of TMZ to improve its effectiveness and reduce the toxic and adverse effects from systemic administration. There have been many nano-formulations developed for the delivery of TMZ to gliomas that overcome the limitations of TMZ penetration to tumours and increase brain targeting. In this paper, we review the research progress of TMZ nano-formulations, and also discuss challenges and opportunities in the research and development of drug delivery systems, hoping that the data and information summarised herein could provide assistance for the clinical treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefen Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Youfa Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Wei Er Biopharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqin Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Wei Er Biopharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Wei Er Biopharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
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5
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Waghule T, Saha RN, Singhvi G. Exploring microfluidics and membrane extrusion for the formulation of temozolomide-loaded liposomes: investigating the effect of formulation and process variables. J Liposome Res 2022:1-13. [DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2022.2139844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tejashree Waghule
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, India
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6
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Vanza JD, Shah DM, Patel RB, Patel MR. Afatinib liposomal dry powder inhaler: Targeted pulmonary delivery of EGFR inhibitor for the management of lung cancer. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Javia A, Misra A, Thakkar H. Liposomes encapsulating novel antimicrobial peptide Omiganan: Characterization and its pharmacodynamic evaluation in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis mice model. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:122045. [PMID: 35878872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Omiganan is a novel 12 amino acid synthetic cationic peptide from the cathelicidin family. Omiganan possesses antimicrobial action against a wide range of microbes, including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Omiganan mainly acts by depolarizing the cytoplasmic membrane, resulting in cellular disruption and death. Apart from its antimicrobial effect, Omiganan also has anti-inflammatory activity. The present investigation aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of Omiganan liposomal gel with conventional formulations (Omiganan gel and lotion) in atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis mice animal models. Liposomes encapsulating Omiganan were prepared using the reverse-phase evaporation technique and incorporated into Carbopol 934P gel. The optimized Omiganan liposomes were then characterized for various physicochemical parameters such as vesicle size, shape and surface morphology, zeta-potential, rheological parameters, in-vitro drug release, ex-vivo skin permeation/deposition, in-vitro antimicrobial activity, proteolytic stability, and cellular toxicity and uptake studies. Liposomes exhibited 72 % encapsulation with 7.8 % loading efficacy, a vesicle size, and zeta potential of 120 nm and - 17.2 mv, respectively. Moreover, Omiganan liposomal gel demonstrated controlled release and a better permeation profile than conventional formulations. A substantial reduction in levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and improvement in AD and psoriatic lesions were achieved by Omiganan liposomal gel compared to Omiganan gel and lotion-based formulations. The present study confirms that Omiganan liposomal formulation can be an effective, safe, and novel alternative treatment approach in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Javia
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat-390001, India
| | - Ambikanandan Misra
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat-390001, India
| | - Hetal Thakkar
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat-390001, India.
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Karimi Z, Taymouri S, Minaiyan M, Mirian M. Evaluation of thermosensitive chitosan hydrogel containing gefitinib loaded cellulose acetate butyrate nanoparticles in a subcutaneous breast cancer model. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:122036. [PMID: 35868480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, gefitinib loaded cellulose acetate butyrate nanoparticles (Gnb-NPs) were prepared and then incorporated into thermo-sensitive chitosan/β-glycerophosphate hydrogels for intratumoral administration in mice bearing breast cancer. Accordingly, Gnb-NPs were prepared using the solvent evaporation process and optimized by applying a two-level fractional factorial design. Properties of NPs, including particle size, zeta potential (ZP), polydispersity index (PdI), encapsulation efficiency (EE) % and drug loading (DL) %, were investigated; the optimized Gnb-NPs were then loaded in chitosan hydrogels (Gnb-NPs-Hydrogel). The formulated Gnb-NPs-Hydrogel was assessed in terms of gelling time, release behavior, injectability, swelling and degradation behavior. The anti-cancer efficacy of Gnb-NPs-Hydrogel was evaluated in vitro against the 4 T1 breast cancer cell line and in vivo in breast tumor bearing mice. The optimized formulation showed spherical particles with the size of 156.50 ± 2.40 nm, PdI of 0.20 ± 0.002, ZP of -4.90 ± 0.04 mV, EE of 99.77 ± 0.09 % and DL of 20.59 ± 0.05 %. Incorporating Gnb-NPs into the hydrogel led to the decrease of the drug release rate. Gnb-NPs-Hydrogel displayed a greater cytotoxic effect in comparison to the free Gnb and Gnb-Hydrogel in 4 T1 cancer cells. Furthermore,intratumorallyinjectedGnb-NPs-Hydrogel showed the strongest antitumor efficacy in vivo. The superior performance of Gnb-NPs-Hydrogel, thus, demonstrated its potential for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Karimi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Taymouri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Minaiyan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mina Mirian
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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9
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Neganova ME, Aleksandrova YR, Sukocheva OA, Klochkov SG. Benefits and limitations of nanomedicine treatment of brain cancers and age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:805-833. [PMID: 35779712 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of central nervous system (CNS) malignancies, including brain cancers, is limited by a number of obstructions, including the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the heterogeneity and high invasiveness of tumors, the inaccessibility of tissues for early diagnosis and effective surgery, and anti-cancer drug resistance. Therapies employing nanomedicine have been shown to facilitate drug penetration across the BBB and maintain biodistribution and accumulation of therapeutic agents at the desired target site. The application of lipid-, polymer-, or metal-based nanocarriers represents an advanced drug delivery system for a growing group of anti-cancer chemicals. The nanocarrier surface is designed to contain an active ligand (cancer cell marker or antibody)-binding structure which can be modified to target specific cancer cells. Glioblastoma, ependymoma, neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, and primary CNS lymphomas were recently targeted by easily absorbed nanocarriers. The metal- (such as transferrin drug-loaded systems), polymer- (nanocapsules and nanospheres), or lipid- (such as sulfatide-containing nanoliposomes)-based nano-vehicles were loaded with apoptosis- and/or ferroptosis-stimulating agents and demonstrated promising anti-cancer effects. This review aims to discuss effective nanomedicine approaches designed to overcome the current limitations in the therapy of brain cancers and age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders. To accent current obstacles for successful CNS-based cancer therapy, we discuss nanomedicine perspectives and limitations of nanodrug use associated with the specificity of nervous tissue characteristics and the effects nanocarriers have on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita E Neganova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1, Severnii pr., Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Yulia R Aleksandrova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1, Severnii pr., Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Olga A Sukocheva
- School of Health Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Sergey G Klochkov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1, Severnii pr., Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
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Dutra JAP, Luiz MT, Tavares Junior AG, Di Filippo LD, Carvalho SG, Chorilli M. Temozolomide: an Overview of Biological Properties, Drug Delivery Nanosystems, and Analytical Methods. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:2073-2088. [PMID: 35658888 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220603152918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is an imidazotetrazine prodrug used to treat glioblastoma multiforme. Its physicochemical prop-erties and small size confer the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. The antitumor activity depends on pH-dependent hydrolysis of the methyldiazonium cation, which is capable of methylating purine bases (O6-guanine; N7-guanine, and N3-adenine) and causing DNA damage and cell death. TMZ is more stable in acidic media (pH ≤ 5.0) than in basic media (pH ≥ 7.0) due to the protonated form that minimizes the catalytic process. Because of this, TMZ has high oral bioavailability, but it has a half-life of 1.8 h and low brain distribution (17.8%), requiring a repeated dos-ing regimen that limits its efficacy and increases adverse events. Drug delivery Nanosystems (DDNs) improve the phys-icochemical properties of TMZ and may provide controlled and targeted delivery. Therefore, DDNs can increase the efficacy and safety of TMZ. In this context, to ensure the efficiency of DDNs, analytical methods are used to evaluate TMZ pharmacokinetic parameters, encapsulation efficiency, and the release profile of DDNs. Among the methods, high-performance liquid chromatography is the most used due to its detection sensitivity in complex matrices such as tissues and plasma. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography features fast analysis and no sample pretreatment. Spec-trophotometric methods are still used to determine encapsulation efficiency due to their low cost, despite their low sen-sitivity. This review summarizes the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of free TMZ and TMZ-loaded DDNs. In addition, this review addresses the main analytical methods employed to characterize TMZ in different ma-trices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcela Tavares Luiz
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Bra-zil
| | | | | | - Suzana Gonçalves Carvalho
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Temozolomide Efficacy and Metabolism: The Implicit Relevance of Nanoscale Delivery Systems. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113507. [PMID: 35684445 PMCID: PMC9181940 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common primary malignant brain tumors in adults are gliomas. Glioblastoma is the most prevalent and aggressive tumor subtype of glioma. Current standards for the treatment of glioblastoma include a combination of surgical, radiation, and drug therapy methods. The drug therapy currently includes temozolomide (TMZ), an alkylating agent, and bevacizumab, a recombinant monoclonal IgG1 antibody that selectively binds to and inhibits the biological activity of vascular endothelial growth factor. Supplementation of glioblastoma radiation therapy with TMZ increased patient survival from 12.1 to 14.6 months. The specificity of TMZ effect on brain tumors is largely determined by special aspects of its pharmacokinetics. TMZ is an orally bioavailable prodrug, which is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is converted to its active alkylating metabolite 5-(3-methyl triazen-1-yl)imidazole-4-carbozamide (MTIC) spontaneously in physiological condition that does not require hepatic involvement. MTIC produced in the plasma is not able to cross the BBB and is formed locally in the brain. A promising way to increase the effectiveness of TMZ chemotherapy for glioblastoma is to prevent its hydrolysis in peripheral tissues and thereby increase the drug concentration in the brain that nanoscale delivery systems can provide. The review discusses possible ways to increase the efficacy of TMZ using nanocarriers.
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Liposomal-Based Formulations: A Path from Basic Research to Temozolomide Delivery Inside Glioblastoma Tissue. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020308. [PMID: 35214041 PMCID: PMC8875825 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal brain cancer with a very difficult therapeutic approach and ultimately frustrating results. Currently, therapeutic success is mainly limited by the high degree of genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, the blood brain barrier (BBB), as well as increased drug resistance. Temozolomide (TMZ), a monofunctional alkylating agent, is the first line chemotherapeutic drug for GBM treatment. Yet, the therapeutic efficacy of TMZ suffers from its inability to cross the BBB and very short half-life (~2 h), which requires high doses of this drug for a proper therapeutic effect. Encapsulation in a (nano)carrier is a promising strategy to effectively improve the therapeutic effect of TMZ against GBM. Although research on liposomes as carriers for therapeutic agents is still at an early stage, their integration in GBM treatment has a great potential to advance understanding and treating this disease. In this review, we provide a critical discussion on the preparation methods and physico-chemical properties of liposomes, with a particular emphasis on TMZ-liposomal formulations targeting GBM developed within the last decade. Furthermore, an overview on liposome-based formulations applied to translational oncology and clinical trials formulations in GBM treatment is provided. We emphasize that despite many years of intense research, more careful investigations are still needed to solve the main issues related to the manufacture of reproducible liposomal TMZ formulations for guaranteed translation to the market.
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Waghule T, Narayan Saha R, Singhvi G. UV spectroscopic method for estimation of temozolomide: Application in stability studies in simulated plasma pH, degradation rate kinetics, formulation design, and selection of dissolution media. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 258:119848. [PMID: 33933945 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is a broad spectrum alkylating agent found effective in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme, refractory anaplastic astrocytoma, and metastatic melanoma. The major drawback associated with TMZ is pH-dependent stability and short half-life. At physiological pH, it undergoes conversion to MTIC (methyltriazine imidazole carboxamide) and AIC (amino imidazole carboxamide), resulting in only 20-30% brain bioavailability. There is a need for an analytical method for the estimation of TMZ in stability samples and nanoformulations. In this research study, analytical methods were developed for the estimation of TMZ using two media pH 1.2 (0.1 N HCl) and pH 4.5 acetate buffer, which were validated for linearity, range, precision, accuracy, limit of detection, limit of quantification, and specificity as per ICH guidelines. The % RSD was found to be <2% indicating the reliability of the method. Further, the application of the developed methods was explored. The stability of TMZ in three pH conditions (1.2, 4.5, and 7.4) and the respective degradation rate kinetics was studied. Conversion of TMZ was found to follow first order kinetics with the conversion rate of 0.0011, 0.0011, and 0.0453 h-1 in pH 1.2, 4.5, and 7.4 respectively. The developed methods accurately estimated the TMZ concentration in lipid nanoformulation (liposomes) indicated by ~100% recovery. Acetate buffer (pH 4.5) was found to be an appropriate dissolution media for TMZ loaded lipid nanoformulations. The developed methods were found to be suitable for routine analysis, for the determination of drug stability and estimation of temozolomide in lipid nanoformulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejashree Waghule
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India; Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Dubai Campus, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India.
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Temozolomide nano enabled medicine: promises made by the nanocarriers in glioblastoma therapy. J Control Release 2021; 336:549-571. [PMID: 34229001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is abnormal cell proliferation of glial cells. GBM is the grade IV glioma brain cancer which is life-threatening to many individuals affected by this cancer. The DNA alkylating agent Temozolomide (TMZ) has the distinctiveness of being FDA approved anticancer drug for the first line treatment for GBM. However, treatment of GBM still remains a challenge. This is attributed to TMZ's toxic nature, severe side effects, and fast degradation in vivo. In addition, the lack of targeting ability increases the chances of systemic toxicities. A nano enabled targeted delivery system not only improves the efficiency of TMZ by making it cross the blood brain barrier, have specificity to target, but also reduces toxicity to healthy tissues. Over the last decade the significant advances in the area of nanotechnology applied to medicine have developed many multifunctional therapeutics. In this context, the present review article comprehends the significant progress in the field of TMZ loaded nanocarriers showing promise for futuristic nanomedicine therapies in treating GBM.
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Vanza JD, Patel RB, Patel MR. Nanocarrier centered therapeutic approaches: Recent developments with insight towards the future in the management of lung cancer. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Particulate systems for improving therapeutic efficacy of pharmaceuticals against central nervous system-related diseases. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Targeting Glioblastoma: Advances in Drug Delivery and Novel Therapeutic Approaches. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Kuo YC, Rajesh R. Biomaterial-based drug delivery systems used to improve chemotherapeutic activity of pharmaceuticals and to target inhibitors of apoptosis proteins. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Waghule T, Rapalli VK, Singhvi G, Gorantla S, Khosa A, Dubey SK, Saha RN. Design of temozolomide-loaded proliposomes and lipid crystal nanoparticles with industrial feasible approaches: comparative assessment of drug loading, entrapment efficiency, and stability at plasma pH. J Liposome Res 2020; 31:158-168. [PMID: 32290733 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2020.1748648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Temozolomide is a drug approved for treating glioblastomas, which has 100% oral bioavailability but gets degraded at physiological pH thus having very short half-life and only 20-30% brain bioavailability. Due to its amphiphilic nature, reported nanoformulations exhibits poor drug loading. The objective of this work was to formulate lipid-based drug delivery systems to enhance the brain bioavailability by prolonging the drug release and circulation time of the drug to overcome the limitations of the existing therapies and possible reduction of side effects. The size of the nanocarriers obtained was less than 300 nm and the PDI obtained was less than 0.3. The designed formulation showed higher entrapment efficiency as compared to the other reported nanocarriers of temozolomide. The designed formulations showed prolonged drug release from 12 to 20 h compared to 6 h for the pure drug. About 95% of the pure drug was degraded at plasma pH at the end of 12 h, whereas only 68% and 77% was degraded when entrapped inside the lipid crystal nanoparticles and proliposomes respectively. Further, pharmacokinetic and animal studies can confirm the potential of these for improvement of brain bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejashree Waghule
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Vamshi Krishna Rapalli
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Srividya Gorantla
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Archana Khosa
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India.,IDRS Labs Pvt. Ltd, Bommasandra Industrial area, Bangalore, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India.,Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Dubai Campus, UAE
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El Demerdash N, Kedda J, Ram N, Brem H, Tyler B. Novel therapeutics for brain tumors: current practice and future prospects. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:9-21. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1676227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagat El Demerdash
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jayanidhi Kedda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nivi Ram
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Henry Brem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Oncology, and Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Betty Tyler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Gürten B, Yenigül E, Sezer AD, Altan C, Malta S. Targeting of temozolomide using magnetic nanobeads: an in vitro study. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000418579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Formulation of polymeric nanoparticles of antidepressant drug for intranasal delivery. Ther Deliv 2019; 10:683-696. [PMID: 31744396 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2019-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The manuscript describes the performance of nanoparticles loaded with antidepressant drug for nose-to-brain drug delivery. Materials & methods: Poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid-loaded nanoparticles of agomelatine were prepared by nanoprecipitation method using poloxamer 407 as stabilizer. The process parameters were optimized using factorial design. Results: The drug-loaded nanoparticles having low particle size (<200 nm) with narrow size distribution and required zeta potential (-22.7 mV) to avoid aggregation showed sustained release profile and were found to have higher permeability as observed from ex vivo studies when compared with plain drug suspension. Histopathology test showed that the optimized formulation was free from nasal toxicity on the goat nasal mucosa. Pharmacodynamic study showed significant reduction in immobility time in rats treated with the formulation which indicated antidepressant activity of the formulation. Conclusion: The prepared agomelatin-loaded poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles showed prominent antidepressant activity by nose-to-brain delivery as observed from various studies.
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Quality by design driven development and optimization of teriflunomide loaded nanoliposomes for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: An in vitro and in vivo assessments. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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