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Denis L, Jørgensen AK, Do B, Vaz-Luis I, Pistilli B, Rieutord A, Basit AW, Goyanes A, Annereau M. Developing an innovative 3D printing platform for production of personalised medicines in a hospital for the OPERA clinical trial. Int J Pharm 2024; 661:124306. [PMID: 38871137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide, and non-adherence to adjuvant hormonotherapy can negatively impact cancer recurrence and relapse. Non-adherence is associated with side effects of hormonotherapy. Pharmacological strategies to mitigate the side effects include coadministration of antidepressants, however patients remain non-adherent. The aim of this work was to develop medicines containing both hormonotherapy, tamoxifen (20 mg), along with anti-depressants, either venlafaxine (37.5 or 75 mg) or duloxetine (30 or 60 mg), to assess the acceptability and efficacy of this personalised approach for mitigating tamoxifen side effects in a clinical trial. A major criterion for the developed medicines was the production rate, specified at minimum 200 dosage units per hour to produce more than 40,000 units required for the clinical trial. A novel capsule filling approach enabled by the pharmaceutical 3D printer M3DIMAKER 2 was developed for this purpose. Firstly, semi-solid extrusion 3D printing enabled the filling of tamoxifen pharma-ink prepared according to French compounding regulation, followed by filling of commercial venlafaxine or duloxetine pellets enabled by the development of an innovative pellet dispensing printhead. The medicines were successfully developed and produced in the clinical pharmacy department of the cancer hospital Gustave Roussy, located in Paris, France. The developed medicines satisfied quality and production rate requirements and were stable for storage up to one year to cover the duration of the trial. This work demonstrates the feasibility of developing and producing combined tamoxifen medicines in a hospital setting through a pharmaceutical 3D printer to enable a clinical trial with a high medicines production rate requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Denis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Anna Kirstine Jørgensen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Bernard Do
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant 94800 Villejuif, France; Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Inès Vaz-Luis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department for the Organization of Patient Pathways (DIOPP), Gustave Roussy, France; Unit INSERM 981 - Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Barbara Pistilli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Unit INSERM 1279, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - André Rieutord
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Abdul W Basit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; FABRX Ltd., Henwood House, Henwood, Ashford TN24 8DH, UK; Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alvaro Goyanes
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; FABRX Artificial Intelligence, Carretera de Escairón, 14, Currelos (O Saviñao), CP 27543, Spain; FABRX Ltd., Henwood House, Henwood, Ashford TN24 8DH, UK; Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maxime Annereau
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant 94800 Villejuif, France; Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France.
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2
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Shukla S, Joshi NN, Kadian S, Narayan RJ. Development of Drug-Loaded PCL@MOF Film Enclosed in a Photo Polymeric Container for Sustained Release. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024. [PMID: 38992948 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The programmed fabrication of oral dosage forms is associated with several challenges such as controlled loading and disintegration. To optimize the drug payload, excipient breakdown, and site-specific sustained release of hydrophobic drug (sulfamethoxazole, SM), we propose the development of acrylate polymer tablets enclosed with drug-loaded polycaprolactone (PCL) films. The active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is physisorbed into the porous iron (Fe)-based metal-organic framework (MOF) and later converted to tangible PCL films, which, upon folding, are incorporated into the acrylate polymer matrices (P1/P2/P3). X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs confirmed the stability and homogeneous distribution of MOF within the 50 μm thick film. Adsorption-desorption measurements at ambient temperatures confirmed the decrease in the BET surface area of PCL films by 40%, which was ∼3.01 m/g, and pore volume from 30 to 9 nm. The decrease in adsorption and surface parameters could confirm the gradual accessibility of SM molecules once exposed to a degrading environment. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses of in vitro dissolution confirmed the presence of the drug in the MOF-PCL film-enclosed tablets and concluded the cumulative SM release at pH ∼ 8.2 which followed the order SM@Fe-MOF < P1/P2/P3 < PCL-SM@Fe-MOF < P1/PCL-SM@Fe-MOF < P3/PCL-SM@Fe-MOF. The results of the study indicate that the P3/PCL-SM@Fe-MOF assembly has potential use as a biomedical drug delivery alternative carrier for effective drug loading and stimuli-responsive flexible release to attain high bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi Shukla
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
| | - Naveen Narasimhachar Joshi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
| | - Sachin Kadian
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
| | - Roger J Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
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Zgouro P, Katsamenis OL, Moschakis T, Eleftheriadis GK, Kyriakidis AS, Chachlioutaki K, Kyriaki Monou P, Ntorkou M, Zacharis CK, Bouropoulos N, Fatouros DG, Karavasili C, Gioumouxouzis CI. A floating 3D printed polypill formulation for the coadministration and sustained release of antihypertensive drugs. Int J Pharm 2024; 655:124058. [PMID: 38552754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Polypharmacy is a common issue, especially among elderly patients resulting in administration errors and patient inconvenience. Hypertension is a prevalent health condition that frequently leads to polypharmacy, as its treatment typically requires the co-administration of more than one different Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API's). To address these issues, floating hollow torus-shaped dosage forms were developed, aiming at providing prolonged gastric retention and sustained drug release. The dosage forms (polypills) containing three anti-hypertensive API's (diltiazem (DIL), propranolol (PRP) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)) were created via Fused Deposition Modelling 3D printing. A multitude of the dosage forms were loaded into a capsule and the resulting formulation achieved prolonged retention times over a 12-hour period in vitro, by leveraging both the buoyancy of the dosage forms, and the "cheerios effect" that facilitates the aggregation and retention of the dosage forms via a combination of surface tension and shape of the objects. Physicochemical characterization methods and imaging techniques were employed to investigate the properties and the internal and external structure of the dosage forms. Furthermore, an ex vivo porcine stomach model revealed substantial aggregation, adhesion and retention of the 3D printed dosage forms in porcine stomach. In vitro dissolution testing demonstrated almost complete first-order release of PRP and DIL (93.52 % and 99.9 %, respectively) and partial release of HCTZ (65.22 %) in the 12 h timeframe. Finally, a convolution-based single-stage approach was employed in order to predict the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of the API's of the formulation and the resemblance of their PK behavior with previously reported data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Zgouro
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Orestis L Katsamenis
- μ-VIS X-Ray Imaging Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, University Rd, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Thomas Moschakis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios K Eleftheriadis
- Pharmacare Premium Limited, R&D Department, HHF003 Hal Far Industrial Estate, Birzebbugia BBG3000, Malta
| | - Athanasios S Kyriakidis
- Pharmacare Premium Limited, R&D Department, HHF003 Hal Far Industrial Estate, Birzebbugia BBG3000, Malta
| | - Konstantina Chachlioutaki
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece; Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Kyriaki Monou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece; Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marianna Ntorkou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
| | - Constantinos K Zacharis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Bouropoulos
- Department of Materials Science,University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Patras,Greece; Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes, Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Fatouros
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece; Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christina Karavasili
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos I Gioumouxouzis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Peng H, Han B, Tong T, Jin X, Peng Y, Guo M, Li B, Ding J, Kong Q, Wang Q. 3D printing processes in precise drug delivery for personalized medicine. Biofabrication 2024; 16:10.1088/1758-5090/ad3a14. [PMID: 38569493 PMCID: PMC11164598 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad3a14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
With the advent of personalized medicine, the drug delivery system will be changed significantly. The development of personalized medicine needs the support of many technologies, among which three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology is a novel formulation-preparing process that creates 3D objects by depositing printing materials layer-by-layer based on the computer-aided design method. Compared with traditional pharmaceutical processes, 3DP produces complex drug combinations, personalized dosage, and flexible shape and structure of dosage forms (DFs) on demand. In the future, personalized 3DP drugs may supplement and even replace their traditional counterpart. We systematically introduce the applications of 3DP technologies in the pharmaceutical industry and summarize the virtues and shortcomings of each technique. The release behaviors and control mechanisms of the pharmaceutical DFs with desired structures are also analyzed. Finally, the benefits, challenges, and prospects of 3DP technology to the pharmaceutical industry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, University of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of China
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Daqing Branch, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, People’s Republic of China
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Tianjian Tong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, University of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanbo Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Rd, Nanjing 211198, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meitong Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, University of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bian Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, University of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, University of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingfei Kong
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
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Muhindo D, Ashour EA, Almutairi M, Repka MA. Development of Subdermal Implants Using Direct Powder Extrusion 3D Printing and Hot-Melt Extrusion Technologies. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:215. [PMID: 37857937 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02669-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Implants are drug delivery platforms that consist of a drug-polymer matrix with the ability of providing a localized and efficient controlled release of the drug with minimal side effects and achievement of the desired therapeutic outcomes with low drug loadings. Direct powder extrusion (DPE) 3D printing technology involves the extrusion of material through a nozzle of the printer in the form of pellets or powder. The present study aimed at investigating the use of the CELLINK BIO X™ bioprinter using DPE 3D printing technique to fabricate and evaluate the impact of different shapes (cuboid, cylinder, and tube) of raloxifene hydrochloride (RFH)-loaded subdermal implants on the release of RFH from the implants. This study further evaluated the impact of different processing techniques, viz., hot-melt extrusion (HME) technology vs. DPE 3D printing technique, on the release of RFH from the implants fabricated by each processing technique. All the fabricated implants were characterized by XRD, DSC, SEM, and FTIR, and evaluated for their water uptake, mass loss, and in vitro RFH release. The current study successfully demonstrated a great opportunity of controlling and/or tuning the release of RFH from the subdermal implants by altering the implant shape, and hence surface area, and could be a great contribution and/or addition to the personalization of medicines and improvement of patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derick Muhindo
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Eman A Ashour
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Mashan Almutairi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, 81442, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA.
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA.
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6
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Anaya BJ, Cerda J, Datri R, Yuste I, Luciano FC, Kara A, Ruiz HK, Ballesteros MP, Serrano DR. Engineering of 3D printed personalized polypills for the treatment of the metabolic syndrome. Int J Pharm 2023:123194. [PMID: 37394160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a collection of abnormalities, including at least three of the following insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, obesity, inflammation, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. 3D printed solid dosage forms have emerged as a promising tool enabling the fabrication of personalized medicines and offering solutions that cannot be achieved by industrial mass production. Most attempts found in the literature to manufacture polypills for this syndrome contain just two drugs. However, most fixed-dose combination (FDC) products in clinical practice required the use of three or more drugs. In this work, Fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing technology coupled with Hot-melt extrusion (HME) has been successfully applied in the manufacture of polypills containing nifedipine (NFD), as an antihypertensive drug, simvastatin (SMV), as an antihyperlipidemic drug, and gliclazide (GLZ) as an antiglycemic drug. Hanssen solubility parameters (HSPs) were utilized as predictors to guide the formation of amorphous solid dispersion between drug and polymer to ensure miscibility and enhanced oral bioavailability. The HSP varied from 18.3 for NFD, 24.6 for SMV, and 7.0 for GLZ while the total solubility parameter for the excipient mixture was 27.30.5. This allowed the formation of an amorphous solid dispersion in SMV and GLZ 3D printed tablets compared to NFD which was partially crystalline. Popypill showed a dual release profile combining a faster SMV release (< 6 h) with a 24 h sustained release for NDF and GLZ. This work demonstrated the transformation of FDC into dynamic dose-personalized polypills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brayan J Anaya
- Pharmaceutics and Food Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Cerda
- Pharmaceutics and Food Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rita Datri
- Pharmaceutics and Food Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Yuste
- Pharmaceutics and Food Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - F C Luciano
- Pharmaceutics and Food Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aytug Kara
- Pharmaceutics and Food Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Helga K Ruiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - M P Ballesteros
- Pharmaceutics and Food Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Department of Physical Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D R Serrano
- Pharmaceutics and Food Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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7
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Muhindo D, Elkanayati R, Srinivasan P, Repka MA, Ashour EA. Recent Advances in the Applications of Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing) in Drug Delivery: A Comprehensive Review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:57. [PMID: 36759435 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02524-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a tremendous increase in the investigations of three-dimensional (3D) printing for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, and drug delivery in particular, ever since the US FDA approved the first 3D printed medicine, SPRITAM® (levetiracetam) in 2015. Three-dimensional printing, also known as additive manufacturing, involves various manufacturing techniques like fused-deposition modeling, 3D inkjet, stereolithography, direct powder extrusion, and selective laser sintering, among other 3D printing techniques, which are based on the digitally controlled layer-by-layer deposition of materials to form various geometries of printlets. In contrast to conventional manufacturing methods, 3D printing technologies provide the unique and important opportunity for the fabrication of personalized dosage forms, which is an important aspect in addressing diverse patient medical needs. There is however the need to speed up the use of 3D printing in the biopharmaceutical industry and clinical settings, and this can be made possible through the integration of modern technologies like artificial intelligence, machine learning, and Internet of Things, into additive manufacturing. This will lead to less human involvement and expertise, independent, streamlined, and intelligent production of personalized medicines. Four-dimensional (4D) printing is another important additive manufacturing technique similar to 3D printing, but adds a 4th dimension defined as time, to the printing. This paper aims to give a detailed review of the applications and principles of operation of various 3D printing technologies in drug delivery, and the materials used in 3D printing, and highlight the challenges and opportunities of additive manufacturing, while introducing the concept of 4D printing and its pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derick Muhindo
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Rasha Elkanayati
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Priyanka Srinivasan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.,Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Eman A Ashour
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.
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8
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The Quest for Child-Friendly Carrier Materials Used in the 3D Semi-Solid Extrusion Printing of Medicines. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010028. [PMID: 36678657 PMCID: PMC9865971 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This work gives a brief overview of carrier materials currently used in pharmaceutical studies on the three-dimensional (3D) semi-solid extrusion (SSE) printing of medicines for pediatrics. The suitability of using these carrier materials in pediatric formulations, concerning safety and toxicity, was reviewed by consulting the 'Safety & Toxicity of Excipients for Pediatrics' (STEP) database and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations. In the second part of this work, carrier materials were tested on their ability to form a semi-solid mixture with lactose by dual asymmetric centrifugation (DAC) and printing by SSE. With the combination of theoretical and experimental studies, this work will guide research toward grounded decision-making when it comes to carrier material selection for pharmaceutical pediatric 3D SSE printing formulations.
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9
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Deon M, dos Santos J, de Andrade DF, Beck RCR. A critical review of traditional and advanced characterisation tools to drive formulators towards the rational development of 3D printed oral dosage forms. Int J Pharm 2022; 628:122293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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10
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Osouli-Bostanabad K, Masalehdan T, Kapsa RMI, Quigley A, Lalatsa A, Bruggeman KF, Franks SJ, Williams RJ, Nisbet DR. Traction of 3D and 4D Printing in the Healthcare Industry: From Drug Delivery and Analysis to Regenerative Medicine. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:2764-2797. [PMID: 35696306 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing and 3D bioprinting are promising technologies for a broad range of healthcare applications from frontier regenerative medicine and tissue engineering therapies to pharmaceutical advancements yet must overcome the challenges of biocompatibility and resolution. Through comparison of traditional biofabrication methods with 3D (bio)printing, this review highlights the promise of 3D printing for the production of on-demand, personalized, and complex products that enhance the accessibility, effectiveness, and safety of drug therapies and delivery systems. In addition, this review describes the capacity of 3D bioprinting to fabricate patient-specific tissues and living cell systems (e.g., vascular networks, organs, muscles, and skeletal systems) as well as its applications in the delivery of cells and genes, microfluidics, and organ-on-chip constructs. This review summarizes how tailoring selected parameters (i.e., accurately selecting the appropriate printing method, materials, and printing parameters based on the desired application and behavior) can better facilitate the development of optimized 3D-printed products and how dynamic 4D-printed strategies (printing materials designed to change with time or stimulus) may be deployed to overcome many of the inherent limitations of conventional 3D-printed technologies. Comprehensive insights into a critical perspective of the future of 4D bioprinting, crucial requirements for 4D printing including the programmability of a material, multimaterial printing methods, and precise designs for meticulous transformations or even clinical applications are also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Osouli-Bostanabad
- Biomaterials, Bio-engineering and Nanomedicine (BioN) Lab, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular, Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, United Kingdom
| | - Tahereh Masalehdan
- Department of Materials Engineering, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16444, Iran
| | - Robert M I Kapsa
- Biomedical and Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Anita Quigley
- Biomedical and Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Aikaterini Lalatsa
- Biomaterials, Bio-engineering and Nanomedicine (BioN) Lab, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular, Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, United Kingdom
| | - Kiara F Bruggeman
- Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Research School of Chemistry and the John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.,Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Stephanie J Franks
- Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Research School of Chemistry and the John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Richard J Williams
- Institute of Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - David R Nisbet
- Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Research School of Chemistry and the John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.,The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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11
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The Development of Innovative Dosage Forms of the Fixed-Dose Combination of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040834. [PMID: 35456668 PMCID: PMC9025674 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of innovative forms of combination drugs is closely related to the invention of the multilayer tablet press, polymers for pharmaceutical applications, the hot-melt extrusion process, and 3D printing in the pharmaceutical industry. However, combining multiple drugs within the same dosage form can bring many physicochemical and pharmacodynamic interactions. More and more new forms of fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) have been developed due to work to overcome the incompatibility of active substances or to obtain different drug release profiles in the same dosage form. This review provides discussions of the application of various innovation formulation technologies of FDC drugs such as bilayer system, multilayer tablet, active film coating, hot-melt extrusion, and 3D printing, taking into account the characteristics of the key ingredients in the FDC formulation and presenting technological problems and challenges related to the development of combination drugs. Moreover, the article summarizes the range of dosage forms that have been made using these technologies over the past 30 years.
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12
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Varghese R, Sood P, Salvi S, Karsiya J, Kumar D. 3D printing in the pharmaceutical sector: Advances and evidences. SENSORS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2022.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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13
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Varghese R, Salvi S, Sood P, Karsiya J, Kumar D. 3D printed medicine for the management of chronic diseases: The road less travelled. ANNALS OF 3D PRINTED MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stlm.2021.100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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14
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Mirdamadian SZ, Varshosaz J, Minaiyan M, Taheri A. 3D printed tablets containing oxaliplatin loaded alginate nanoparticles for colon cancer targeted delivery. An in vitro/in vivo study. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 205:90-109. [PMID: 35182561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a colon-targeted tablet of oxaliplatin (OP) using the combination of nanotechnology and fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing to improve its antitumor activity, tumor targetability, and safety profile. Eudragit L100-55 filament containing OP loaded alginate nanoparticles (OP-NPs) were fabricated using hot-melt extrusion method and printed by an FDM printer to 3D printed tablets with good uniformity in the drug content and selective release of OP in the colonic environment. The antitumor effect of 3D printed tablets containing OP-NPs in CT-26 tumor-bearing mice was evaluated compared to intravenous and oral administration of OP solution, and compressed tablets containing OP-NPs, which were prepared by direct compression method with the same formulation. The antitumor effect of 3D printed tablets containing OP-NPs was remarkable and comparable with intravenous OP solution (p ˃ 0.05) with a better safety profile, whereas compressed tablets did not show any significant antitumor effect, probably in terms of non-selective drug release in stomach and upper intestine environments. This study highlights the potential of the combination of nanotechnology and 3D printing in the preparation of colon-specific drug delivery systems of chemotherapeutic drugs with good antitumor activity, tumor targetability, and safety profile for colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Zahra Mirdamadian
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jaleh Varshosaz
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Minaiyan
- Department of Pharmacology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Azade Taheri
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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15
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Rao RR, Pandey A, Hegde AR, Kulkarni VI, Chincholi C, Rao V, Bhushan I, Mutalik S. Metamorphosis of Twin Screw Extruder-Based Granulation Technology: Applications Focusing on Its Impact on Conventional Granulation Technology. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 23:24. [PMID: 34907508 PMCID: PMC8816530 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02173-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to be at pace with the market requirements of solid dosage forms and regulatory standards, a transformation towards systematic processing using continuous manufacturing (CM) and automated model-based control is being thought through for its fundamental advantages over conventional batch manufacturing. CM eliminates the key gaps through the integration of various processes while preserving quality attributes via the use of process analytical technology (PAT). The twin screw extruder (TSE) is one such equipment adopted by the pharmaceutical industry as a substitute for the traditional batch granulation process. Various types of granulation techniques using twin screw extrusion technology have been explored in the article. Furthermore, individual components of a TSE and their conjugation with PAT tools and the advancements and applications in the field of nutraceuticals and nanotechnology have also been discussed. Thus, the future of granulation lies on the shoulders of continuous TSE, where it can be coupled with computational mathematical studies to mitigate its complications.
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16
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3D Printing of Thermo-Sensitive Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091524. [PMID: 34575600 PMCID: PMC8468559 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is among the rapidly evolving technologies with applications in many sectors. The pharmaceutical industry is no exception, and the approval of the first 3D-printed tablet (Spiratam®) marked a revolution in the field. Several studies reported the fabrication of different dosage forms using a range of 3D printing techniques. Thermosensitive drugs compose a considerable segment of available medications in the market requiring strict temperature control during processing to ensure their efficacy and safety. Heating involved in some of the 3D printing technologies raises concerns regarding the feasibility of the techniques for printing thermolabile drugs. Studies reported that semi-solid extrusion (SSE) is the commonly used printing technique to fabricate thermosensitive drugs. Digital light processing (DLP), binder jetting (BJ), and stereolithography (SLA) can also be used for the fabrication of thermosensitive drugs as they do not involve heating elements. Nonetheless, degradation of some drugs by light source used in the techniques was reported. Interestingly, fused deposition modelling (FDM) coupled with filling techniques offered protection against thermal degradation. Concepts such as selection of low melting point polymers, adjustment of printing parameters, and coupling of more than one printing technique were exploited in printing thermosensitive drugs. This systematic review presents challenges, 3DP procedures, and future directions of 3D printing of thermo-sensitive formulations.
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17
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dos Santos J, da Silva GS, Velho MC, Beck RCR. Eudragit ®: A Versatile Family of Polymers for Hot Melt Extrusion and 3D Printing Processes in Pharmaceutics. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1424. [PMID: 34575500 PMCID: PMC8471576 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Eudragit® polymers are polymethacrylates highly used in pharmaceutics for the development of modified drug delivery systems. They are widely known due to their versatility with regards to chemical composition, solubility, and swelling properties. Moreover, Eudragit polymers are thermoplastic, and their use has been boosted in some production processes, such as hot melt extrusion (HME) and fused deposition modelling 3D printing, among other 3D printing techniques. Therefore, this review covers the studies using Eudragit polymers in the development of drug delivery systems produced by HME and 3D printing techniques over the last 10 years. Eudragit E has been the most used among them, mostly to formulate immediate release systems or as a taste-masker agent. On the other hand, Eudragit RS and Eudragit L100-55 have mainly been used to produce controlled and delayed release systems, respectively. The use of Eudragit polymers in these processes has frequently been devoted to producing solid dispersions and/or to prepare filaments to be 3D printed in different dosage forms. In this review, we highlight the countless possibilities offered by Eudragit polymers in HME and 3D printing, whether alone or in blends, discussing their prominence in the development of innovative modified drug release systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-900, Brazil; (J.d.S.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Guilherme Silveira da Silva
- Departamento de Produção e Controle de Medicamentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-900, Brazil;
| | - Maiara Callegaro Velho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-900, Brazil; (J.d.S.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Ruy Carlos Ruver Beck
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-900, Brazil; (J.d.S.); (M.C.V.)
- Departamento de Produção e Controle de Medicamentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-900, Brazil;
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18
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Gueche YA, Sanchez-Ballester NM, Cailleaux S, Bataille B, Soulairol I. Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), a New Chapter in the Production of Solid Oral Forms (SOFs) by 3D Printing. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1212. [PMID: 34452173 PMCID: PMC8399326 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
3D printing is a new emerging technology in the pharmaceutical manufacturing landscape. Its potential advantages for personalized medicine have been widely explored and commented on in the literature over recent years. More recently, the selective laser sintering (SLS) technique has been investigated for oral drug-delivery applications. Thus, this article reviews the work that has been conducted on SLS 3D printing for the preparation of solid oral forms (SOFs) from 2017 to 2020 and discusses the opportunities and challenges for this state-of-the-art technology in precision medicine. Overall, the 14 research articles reviewed report the use of SLS printers equipped with a blue diode laser (445-450 nm). The review highlights that the printability of pharmaceutical materials, although an important aspect for understanding the sintering process has only been properly explored in one article. The modulation of the porosity of printed materials appears to be the most interesting outcome of this technology for pharmaceutical applications. Generally, SLS shows great potential to improve compliance within fragile populations. The inclusion of "Quality by Design" tools in studies could facilitate the deployment of SLS in clinical practice, particularly where Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs) for 3D-printing processes do not currently exist. Nevertheless, drug stability and powder recycling remain particularly challenging in SLS. These hurdles could be overcome by collaboration between pharmaceutical industries and compounding pharmacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanis A. Gueche
- ICGM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France; (Y.A.G.); (N.M.S.-B.); (S.C.); (B.B.)
| | | | - Sylvain Cailleaux
- ICGM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France; (Y.A.G.); (N.M.S.-B.); (S.C.); (B.B.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Nîmes University Hospital, 30900 Nimes, France
| | - Bernard Bataille
- ICGM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France; (Y.A.G.); (N.M.S.-B.); (S.C.); (B.B.)
| | - Ian Soulairol
- ICGM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France; (Y.A.G.); (N.M.S.-B.); (S.C.); (B.B.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Nîmes University Hospital, 30900 Nimes, France
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Wang J, Zhang Y, Aghda NH, Pillai AR, Thakkar R, Nokhodchi A, Maniruzzaman M. Emerging 3D printing technologies for drug delivery devices: Current status and future perspective. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:294-316. [PMID: 33895212 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The 'one-size-fits-all' approach followed by conventional drug delivery platforms often restricts its application in pharmaceutical industry, due to the incapability of adapting to individual pharmacokinetic traits. Driven by the development of additive manufacturing (AM) technology, three-dimensional (3D) printed drug delivery medical devices have gained increasing popularity, which offers key advantages over traditional drug delivery systems. The major benefits include the ability to fabricate 3D structures with customizable design and intricate architecture, and most importantly, ease of personalized medication. Furthermore, the emergence of multi-material printing and four-dimensional (4D) printing integrates the benefits of multiple functional materials, and thus provide widespread opportunities for the advancement of personalized drug delivery devices. Despite the remarkable progress made by AM techniques, concerns related to regulatory issues, scalability and cost-effectiveness remain major hurdles. Herein, we provide an overview on the latest accomplishments in 3D printed drug delivery devices as well as major challenges and future perspectives for AM enabled dosage forms and drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Niloofar Heshmati Aghda
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Amit Raviraj Pillai
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Rishi Thakkar
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Mohammed Maniruzzaman
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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20
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Preparation and characterization of 3D printed PLA microneedle arrays for prolonged transdermal drug delivery of estradiol valerate. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:1195-1208. [PMID: 34024015 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymeric microneedle arrays (BPMNAs) could be explored as potential devices for transdermal drug delivery, which can provide a painless and safe drug delivery method. BPMNAs could also provide high drug-loading capacity and prolonged drug delivery once integrated with a drug reservoir. However, the fabrication of MNAs with a drug reservoir is expensive and requires complicated procedures. The present study was conducted to describe the preparation of a reservoir-based BPMNA containing estradiol valerate using polylactic acid (PLA) with the combination of FDM 3D printing and injection volume filling techniques. The tip size of the 3D printed needles decreased to 173 μm utilizing a chemical etching process. The content of estradiol valerate loaded in the 3D printed PLA MNAs was 29.79 ± 0.03 mg, and the release was in a prolonged manner for up to 7 days. The results of mechanical tests revealed that the force needed for the 3D printed PLA MNAs fracture (900 N) was significantly higher than that needed for their skin penetration (4 N). The successful penetration of 3D printed PLA MNAs through the stratum corneum was confirmed via penetration test, methylene blue staining, and histological examination. The results showed that 3D printed PLA MNAs can penetrate into the skin without reaching to the dermal nerves and puncture of blood vessels. In conclusion, in the current study, we explored the practicability of the preparation of drug loaded reservoir-based BPMNAs using the combination of FDM 3D printing and injection volume filling techniques for painless and prolonged transdermal drug delivery.
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21
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Pressure-assisted microsyringe 3D printing of oral films based on pullulan and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. Int J Pharm 2021; 595:120197. [PMID: 33486041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oral films (OFs) continue to attract attention as drug delivery systems, particularly for pedatric and geriatric needs. However, immiscibility between different polymers limits the full potential of OFs from being explored. One example is pullulan (PUL), a novel biopolymer which often has to be blended with other polymers to reduce cost and alter its mechanical properties. In this study, the state-of-the-art in fabrication techniques, three-dimensional (3D) printing was used to produce hybrid film structures of PUL and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), which were loaded with caffeine as a model drug. 3D printing was used to control the spatial deposition of films. HPMC was found to increase the mean mechanical properties of PUL films, where the tensile strength, elastic modulus and elongation break increased from 8.9 to 14.5 MPa, 1.17 to 1.56 GPa and from 1.48% to 1.77%, respectively. In addition, the spatial orientation of the hybrid films was also explored to determine which orientation could maximize the mechanical properties of the hybrid films. The results revealed that 3D printing could modify the mechanical properties of PUL whilst circumventing the issues associated with immiscibility.
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