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Nibau C, van de Koot W, Spiliotis D, Williams K, Kramaric T, Beckmann M, Mur L, Hiwatashi Y, Doonan JH. Molecular and physiological responses to desiccation indicate the abscisic acid pathway is conserved in the peat moss, Sphagnum. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4576-4591. [PMID: 35383351 PMCID: PMC9291362 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mosses of the genus Sphagnum are the main components of peatlands, a major carbon-storing ecosystem. Changes in precipitation patterns are predicted to affect water relations in this ecosystem, but the effect of desiccation on the physiological and molecular processes in Sphagnum is still largely unexplored. Here we show that different Sphagnum species have differential physiological and molecular responses to desiccation but, surprisingly, this is not directly correlated with their position in relation to the water table. In addition, the expression of drought responsive genes is increased upon water withdrawal in all species. This increase in gene expression is accompanied by an increase in abscisic acid (ABA), supporting a role for ABA during desiccation responses in Sphagnum. Not only do ABA levels increase upon desiccation, but Sphagnum plants pre-treated with ABA display increased tolerance to desiccation, suggesting that ABA levels play a functional role in the response. In addition, many of the ABA signalling components are present in Sphagnum and we demonstrate, by complementation in Physcomitrium patens, that Sphagnum ABI3 is functionally conserved. The data presented here, therefore, support a conserved role for ABA in desiccation responses in Sphagnum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Willem van de Koot
- National Plant Phenomics Centre, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Dominic Spiliotis
- National Plant Phenomics Centre, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Kevin Williams
- National Plant Phenomics Centre, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Tina Kramaric
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Manfred Beckmann
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Luis Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Yuji Hiwatashi
- School of Food Industrial Sciences, Miyagi University, Sendai, Japan
| | - John H Doonan
- National Plant Phenomics Centre, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
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Liu Q, Kämpf H, Bussert R, Krauze P, Horn F, Nickschick T, Plessen B, Wagner D, Alawi M. Influence of CO 2 Degassing on the Microbial Community in a Dry Mofette Field in Hartoušov, Czech Republic (Western Eger Rift). Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2787. [PMID: 30524401 PMCID: PMC6258768 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cheb Basin (CZ) is a shallow Neogene intracontinental basin filled with fluvial and lacustrine sediments that is located in the western part of the Eger Rift. The basin is situated in a seismically active area and is characterized by diffuse degassing of mantle-derived CO2 in mofette fields. The Hartoušov mofette field shows a daily CO2 flux of 23-97 tons of CO2 released over an area of 0.35 km2 and a soil gas concentration of up to 100% CO2. The present study aims to explore the geo-bio interactions provoked by the influence of elevated CO2 concentrations on the geochemistry and microbial community of soils and sediments. To sample the strata, two 3-m cores were recovered. One core stems from the center of the degassing structure, whereas the other core was taken 8 m from the ENE and served as an undisturbed reference site. The sites were compared regarding their geochemical features, microbial abundances, and microbial community structures. The mofette site is characterized by a low pH and high TOC/sulfate contents. Striking differences in the microbial community highlight the substantial impact of elevated CO2 concentrations and their associated side effects on microbial processes. The abundance of microbes did not show a typical decrease with depth, indicating that the uprising CO2-rich fluid provides sufficient substrate for chemolithoautotrophic anaerobic microorganisms. Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes and multivariate statistics reveals that the pH strongly influences microbial composition and explains around 38.7% of the variance at the mofette site and 22.4% of the variance between the mofette site and the undisturbed reference site. Accordingly, acidophilic microorganisms (e.g., OTUs assigned to Acidobacteriaceae and Acidithiobacillus) displayed a much higher relative abundance at the mofette site than at the reference site. The microbial community at the mofette site is characterized by a high relative abundance of methanogens and taxa involved in sulfur cycling. The present study provides intriguing insights into microbial life and geo-bio interactions in an active seismic region dominated by emanating mantle-derived CO2-rich fluids, and thereby builds the basis for further studies, e.g., focusing on the functional repertoire of the communities. However, it remains open if the observed patterns can be generalized for different time-points or sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section Geomicrobiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Horst Kämpf
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section Organic Geochemistry, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Robert Bussert
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patryk Krauze
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section Geomicrobiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Fabian Horn
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section Geomicrobiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tobias Nickschick
- Institute for Geophysics and Geology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Birgit Plessen
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dirk Wagner
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section Geomicrobiology, Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mashal Alawi
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section Geomicrobiology, Potsdam, Germany
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3
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Altered carbon turnover processes and microbiomes in soils under long-term extremely high CO2 exposure. Nat Microbiol 2016; 1:15025. [DOI: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2015.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Raven JA, Edwards D. Photosynthesis in Early Land Plants: Adapting to the Terrestrial Environment. ADVANCES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6988-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Bramley-Alves J, King DH, Robinson SA, Miller RE. Dominating the Antarctic Environment: Bryophytes in a Time of Change. ADVANCES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6988-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Cockell CS. Life in the lithosphere, kinetics and the prospects for life elsewhere. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2011; 369:516-537. [PMID: 21220278 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2010.0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The global contiguity of life on the Earth today is a result of the high flux of carbon and oxygen from oxygenic photosynthesis over the planetary surface and its use in aerobic respiration. Life's ability to directly use redox couples from components of the planetary lithosphere in a pre-oxygenic photosynthetic world can be investigated by studying the distribution of organisms that use energy sources normally bound within rocks, such as iron. Microbiological data from Iceland and the deep oceans show the kinetic limitations of living directly off igneous rocks in the lithosphere. Using energy directly extracted from rocks the lithosphere will support about six orders of magnitude less productivity than the present-day Earth, and it would be highly localized. Paradoxically, the biologically extreme conditions of the interior of a planet and the inimical conditions of outer space, between which life is trapped, are the locations from which volcanism and impact events, respectively, originate. These processes facilitate the release of redox couples from the planetary lithosphere and might enable it to achieve planetary-scale productivity approximately one to two orders of magnitude lower than that produced by oxygenic photosynthesis. The significance of the detection of extra-terrestrial life is that it will allow us to test these observations elsewhere and establish an understanding of universal relationships between lithospheres and life. These data also show that the search for extra-terrestrial life must be accomplished by 'following the kinetics', which is different from following the water or energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Cockell
- Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK.
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Popper ZA, Michel G, Hervé C, Domozych DS, Willats WGT, Tuohy MG, Kloareg B, Stengel DB. Evolution and diversity of plant cell walls: from algae to flowering plants. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 62:567-90. [PMID: 21351878 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042110-103809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
All photosynthetic multicellular Eukaryotes, including land plants and algae, have cells that are surrounded by a dynamic, complex, carbohydrate-rich cell wall. The cell wall exerts considerable biological and biomechanical control over individual cells and organisms, thus playing a key role in their environmental interactions. This has resulted in compositional variation that is dependent on developmental stage, cell type, and season. Further variation is evident that has a phylogenetic basis. Plants and algae have a complex phylogenetic history, including acquisition of genes responsible for carbohydrate synthesis and modification through a series of primary (leading to red algae, green algae, and land plants) and secondary (generating brown algae, diatoms, and dinoflagellates) endosymbiotic events. Therefore, organisms that have the shared features of photosynthesis and possession of a cell wall do not form a monophyletic group. Yet they contain some common wall components that can be explained increasingly by genetic and biochemical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë A Popper
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Cockell CS, Kaltenegger L, Raven JA. Cryptic photosynthesis--extrasolar planetary oxygen without a surface biological signature. ASTROBIOLOGY 2009; 9:623-36. [PMID: 19778274 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2008.0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
On Earth, photosynthetic organisms are responsible for the production of virtually all the oxygen in the atmosphere. On land, vegetation reflects in the visible and leads to a "red edge," which developed about 450 million years ago on Earth and has been proposed as a biosignature for life on extrasolar planets. However, in many regions on Earth, particularly where surface conditions are extreme--in hot and cold deserts, for example--photosynthetic organisms can be driven into and under substrates where light is still sufficient for photosynthesis. These communities exhibit no detectable surface spectral signature to indicate life. The same is true of the assemblages of photosynthetic organisms at more than a few meters' depth in water bodies. These communities are widespread and dominate local photosynthetic productivity. We review known cryptic photosynthetic communities and their productivity. We have linked geomicrobiology with observational astronomy by calculating the disk-averaged spectra of cryptic habitats and identifying detectable features on an exoplanet dominated by such a biota. The hypothetical cryptic photosynthesis worlds discussed here are Earth analogues that show detectable atmospheric biosignatures like our own planet but do not exhibit a discernable biological surface feature in the disc-averaged spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Cockell
- Centre for Earth, Planetary, Space and Astronomical Research, Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.
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Plants and Geothermal CO2 Exhalations — Survival in and Adaptation to a High CO2 Environment. PROGRESS IN BOTANY 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-18819-0_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Abstract
Fossil evidence shows that stomata have occurred in sporophytes and (briefly) gametophytes of embryophytes during the last 400 m yr. Cladistic analyses with hornworts basal are consistent with a unique origin of stomata, although cladograms with hornworts as the deepest branching embryophytes require loss of stomata early in the evolution of liverworts. Functional considerations suggest that stomata evolved from pores in the epidermis of plant organs which were at least three cell layers thick and had intercellular gas spaces and a cuticle; an endohydric conducting system would not have been necessary for low-growing rhizophytes, especially in early Palaeozoic CO2 -rich atmospheres. The 'prestomatal state' (pores) would have permitted higher photosynthetic rates per unit ground area. Functional stomata, and endohydry, permit the evolution of homoiohydry and the loss of vegetative desiccation tolerance and plants > 1 m tall. Stomatal functioning would then have involved maintenance of hydration, and restricting the occurrence of xylem embolism, under relatively desiccating conditions at the expense of limiting carbon acquisition. The time scale of environmental fluctuations over which stomatal responses can maximize carbon gain per unit water loss varies among taxa and life forms. Contents Summary 371 I. Introduction 371 II. Monophyly of stomata? 372 III. Roles of stomata in extant plants 373 IV. Ecophysiology of ancestrally astomatous terrestrial plants 375 V. Evolution of stomata 379 VI. Ecophysiological implications of losses of stomata 382 VII. Conclusions 384 Acknowledgements 384 References 384.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Raven
- Division of Environmental and Applied Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Biological Sciences Institute, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
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Abstract
Recent phylogenetic research indicates that vascular plants evolved from bryophyte-like ancestors and that this involved extensive modifications to the life cycle. These conclusions are supported by a range of systematic data, including gene sequences, as well as evidence from comparative morphology and the fossil record. Within vascular plants, there is compelling evidence for two major clades, which have been termed lycophytes (clubmosses) and euphyllophytes (seed plants, ferns, horsetails). The implications of recent phylogenetic work are discussed with reference to life cycle evolution and the interpretation of stratigraphic inconsistencies in the early fossil record of land plants. Life cycles are shown to have passed through an isomorphic phase in the early stages of vascular plant evolution. Thus, the gametophyte generation of all living vascular plants is the product of massive morphological reduction. Phylogenetic research corroborates earlier suggestions of a major representational bias in the early fossil record. Mega-fossils document a sequence of appearance of groups that is at odds with that predicted by cladogram topology. It is argued here that the pattern of appearance and diversification of plant megafossils owes more to changing geological conditions than to rapid biological diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kenrick
- Department of Palaeontology, The Natural History Museum, London, UK.
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12
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Bateman RM, Crane PR, DiMichele WA, Kenrick PR, Rowe NP, Speck T, Stein WE. EARLY EVOLUTION OF LAND PLANTS: Phylogeny, Physiology, and Ecology of the Primary Terrestrial Radiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard M. Bateman
- Royal Botanic Garden, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, United Kingdom; e-mail:
- Department of Geology, The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560
- Department of Palaeontology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
- Laboratoire de Paléobotanique, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (UMR 5554 CNRS), Université de Montpellier II, Montpellier cedex 05, 34095 France
| | - Peter R. Crane
- Royal Botanic Garden, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, United Kingdom; e-mail:
- Department of Geology, The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560
- Department of Palaeontology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
- Laboratoire de Paléobotanique, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (UMR 5554 CNRS), Université de Montpellier II, Montpellier cedex 05, 34095 France
| | - William A. DiMichele
- Royal Botanic Garden, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, United Kingdom; e-mail:
- Department of Geology, The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560
- Department of Palaeontology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
- Laboratoire de Paléobotanique, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (UMR 5554 CNRS), Université de Montpellier II, Montpellier cedex 05, 34095 France
| | - Paul R. Kenrick
- Royal Botanic Garden, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, United Kingdom; e-mail:
- Department of Geology, The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560
- Department of Palaeontology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
- Laboratoire de Paléobotanique, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (UMR 5554 CNRS), Université de Montpellier II, Montpellier cedex 05, 34095 France
| | - Nick P. Rowe
- Royal Botanic Garden, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, United Kingdom; e-mail:
- Department of Geology, The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560
- Department of Palaeontology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
- Laboratoire de Paléobotanique, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (UMR 5554 CNRS), Université de Montpellier II, Montpellier cedex 05, 34095 France
| | - Thomas Speck
- Royal Botanic Garden, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, United Kingdom; e-mail:
- Department of Geology, The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560
- Department of Palaeontology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
- Laboratoire de Paléobotanique, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (UMR 5554 CNRS), Université de Montpellier II, Montpellier cedex 05, 34095 France
| | - William E. Stein
- Royal Botanic Garden, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, United Kingdom; e-mail:
- Department of Geology, The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560
- Department of Palaeontology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
- Laboratoire de Paléobotanique, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (UMR 5554 CNRS), Université de Montpellier II, Montpellier cedex 05, 34095 France
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